Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Gum |
GumNoun1. A preparation (usually made of sweetened chicle) for chewing. 2. The tissue (covered by mucous membrane) of the jaws that surrounds the bases of the teeth. 3. Any of various substances (soluble in water) that exude from certain plants; they are gelatinous when moist but harden on drying. 4. Cement consisting of a sticky substance that is used as an adhesive. 5. Wood or lumber from any of various gum trees especially the sweet gum. 6. Any of various trees of the genera Eucalyptus or Liquidambar or Nyssa that are sources of gum. Verb1. Grind with the gums; chew without teeth and with great difficulty; of babies and old people. 2. Exude or from gum; of certain trees. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "gum" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1550. (references) |
Etymology: Gum \Gum\, noun. [Old English gome, Anglo-Saxon gama palate; akin Co German gaumen, Old High German goumo, guomo, Icelandic g?mr, Swedish gom; compare to Greek to gape.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
19th Century Satire | A substance for sticking. Source: Foolish Dictionary, 1904. |
Biology & Biotechnology | Any of the non-volatile, viscous exudates from many plants and trees, which either dissolve or swell up in contact with water; of complex chemical structure. Source: European Union. (references) |
Food & Agriculture | The natural --, --, is normally left on the silk during reeling, throwing and weaving. . . . . the gum is removed by boiling with soap and water. . . Also sericin gum. . Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | A. See:gummings b. Small coal broken out by a coal cutter. See also:duf. (references) |
Slang in 1811 | GUM. Abusive language. Come, let us have no more of your gum. Source: 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
GUM is an abbreviation of:
- genito-urinary medicine
- Gosudarstvennyj universalnyj magazin (State Universal Store, formerly a large department store in Red Square, Moscow)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "GUM."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In philately, gum is the substance applied to the back of a postage stamp to enable it to adhere to a letter or other mailed item. The term is generic, and applies both to traditional types such as gum arabic and to synthetic modern formulations.The use of gum was part of the original proposal by Rowland Hill, and has been universal from the beginning. There have been a number of stamp types that were issued ungummed, typically due to emergency situations when gum was not available, such as Italy in 1944, Cracow issue of Poland in 1919, Latvia in 1919. Other reasons have included lack of access to gum (the typewritten "Cowries" of 1895 Uganda), extreme tropical climate (1873 Curacao and Suriname), and intent to sell only to collectors (the US Farley souvenir sheets of 1933). The manual gluing-on of postage is such an extreme consumption of time (and "time is money" to businesses with a lot of mail) that these situations are always temporary.
Originally, gumming happened after printing and before perforation, usually because the paper had to be damp for printing to work well, but in modern times most stamp printing is done dry on pregummed paper. There have been a couple of historical instances where stamps were regummed after being perforated, but these were unusual situations.
On early issues, gum was applied by hand, using a brush or roller, but in 1880 De La Rue came up with a machine gumming process using a printing press, and gum is now always applied by machine. The gum is universally spread as uniformly as possible, but a 1946 local issue by the town of Finsterwalde in Germany used an economy process where the back of the stamp had a regular pattern of circular bare patches.
The greatest manufacturing problem of the gumming process is its tendency to make the stamps curl, due to the different reaction of paper and gum to varying moisture levels. In the most extreme cases, the stamp will spontaneously roll up into a small tube. Various schemes have been tried, but the problem persists to this day. In Swiss stamps of the 1930s, Courvoisier used a gum-breaking machine that pressed a pattern of small squares into the gum, resulting in so-called grilled gum. Another scheme has been to slice the gum with knives after it has been applied. In some cases the gum solves the problem itself by becoming "crackly" when it dries.
The appearance of the gum varies with the type and method of application, and may range from nearly invisible to dark brown globs. Types of gum used on stamps include:
In recent years, the use of self-adhesive stamps has become widespread. The first use was by Sierra Leone in 1964, and the United States tried it on a Christmas stamp of 1974, although the experiment was judged a failure and not repeated for many years. Traditional gums remain in use, although differentiated by calling them water-activated. (should say more about modern self-adhesives, layers & chemical composition)
- dextrine, produced by heating starch
- gum arabic or acacia gum, derived from the acacia plant
- glue, from gelatin, rarely seen on stamps
- polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
For collectors, gum is mostly a problem. It is rarely of use in differentiating between common and rare stamps, and being on the back of the stamp it is not usually visible. Nevertheless, many collectors of unused stamps want copies that are "mint" or "post office fresh", which means that the gum must be pristine and intact, and they will pay a premium for these. While not so much of a problem for modern issues, the traditional way of mounting stamps in an album was with the use of stamp hinges, and some experts claim that very few unused stamps from the 19th century have not been hinged at some point in their existence. This means that old mint stamps are inevitably under suspicion of having been regummed, and a subfield of forensic philately is the detection of regummed stamps.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Postage stamp gum."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
GUM | English | Guam-ISO code | Geography, Meteorology & Standards |
GUM | French | Guam-code ISO | Geography, Meteorology & Standards |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: GumSynonyms: chewing gum (n), gingiva (n), glue (n), gum tree (n), gumwood (n), mucilage (n), mumble (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Coherence | Glue; agglutinate, conglutinate; cement, lute, paste, gum; solder, weld; cake, consolidate; (solidify); agglomerate. Adjective: cohesive, adhesive, adhering, cohering; Verb: tenacious, tough; sticky. |
Connection | Cement, glue, gum, paste, size, wafer, solder, lute, putty, birdlime, mortar, stucco, plaster, grout; viscum. |
Deception | Trick, cheat, wile, blind, feint, plant, bubble, fetch, catch, chicane, juggle, reach, hocus, bite; card sharping, stacked deck, loaded dice, quick shuffle, double dealing, dealing seconds, dealing from the bottom of the deck; artful dodge, swindle; tricks upon travelers; stratagem; (artifice); confidence trick, fake, hoax; theft; ballot-box stuffing barney, brace game, bunko game, drop game, gum game, panel game; shell game, thimblerig; skin game. |
Impose upon, practice upon, play upon, put upon, palm off on, palm upon, foist upon; snatch a verdict; bluff off, bluff; bunko, four flush, gum, spoof, stuff (a ballot box). | |
Elasticity | Rubber, India(n) rubber, latex, caoutchouc, whalebone, gum elastic, baleen, natural rubber; neoprene, synthetic rubber, Buna-S, plastic. |
Resin | Noun: resin, rosin; gum; lac, sealing wax; amber, ambergris; bitumen, pitch, tar; asphalt, asphaltum; camphor; varnish, copal, mastic, magilp, lacquer, japan. |
Semiliquidity | Jelly, mucilage, gelatin, gluten; carlock, fish glue; ichthyocol, ichthycolla; isinglass; mucus, phlegm, goo; pituite, lava; glair, starch, gluten, albumen, milk, cream, protein; treacle; gum, size, glue (tenacity); wax, beeswax. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Gum |
| English words defined with "gum": bubble gum, bubble gum dermatitis ♦ cherry-tree gum, chewing gum ♦ flooded gum ♦ ghatti gum, gum acacia, Gum Acaroidea, gum albanum, gum ammoniac, gum arabic, gum ball, gum benjamin, gum benzoin, gum butea, gum eurphorbium, Gum Ladanum, gum olibanum, Gum passages, Gum pot, Gum rash, gum resin, gum sangapenum, Gum Senegal, gum tree, gum up, Gum water, Gum wood ♦ Hog gum ♦ lemon-scented gum ♦ Macaranga gum, mesquite gum, mountain swamp gum ♦ peppermint gum ♦ red gum, river gum, river red gum ♦ Sonora gum, spirit gum, spotted gum, sweet gum. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "gum": arabic gum ♦ balata gum ♦ gasoline existent gum, gum cyst, GUM PULLER ♦ sericin gum ♦ unwashed gum. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "gum": gutta-percha. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Gum" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Manx (gum), Scottish (that), Turkmen (desert, sand). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Chewing gum helps me think (The Birdcage; writing credit: Elaine May. Based on the play by Jean Poiret, and the screenplay 'La Cage aux Folles' by Francis Veber, Edouard Molinaro, Marcello Danon and Jean Poiret.) Others can read the ingredients on a chewing gum wrapper and unlock the secrets of the universe (Superman; writing credit: Jerry Siegel; Joe Shuster) Somebody put gum in the locks (Clerks.; writing credit: Kevin Smith) She was just sitting there, looking beautiful, and staring at me. So, I lean in to kiss her, and I realize I have gum in my mouth (Signs; writing credit: M. Night Shyamalan) In them you'll find: one .45 caliber automatic; two boxes of ammunition; four days concentrated emergency raisons; one drug issue containing: antibiotics, morphine, vitamin pills, pep pills, sleeping pills, tranquilizer pills; one miniature combination Russian phrase book and bible; one hundred dollars in rubles; one hundred dollars in gold; nine packs of chewing gum; one issue of prophylactics; three lipsticks; three pair a nylon stockings (Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying; writing credit: Stanley Kubrick, Terry Southern and Peter George. Based on the novel 'Red Alert, aka Two Hours to Doom' by Peter George.) | |
Lyrics | I swallowed my gum, (In Old Mexico; performing artist: Tom Lehrer) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Gum Shoes (1935) The Chewing Gum Industry (1922) Gum Shoe Work (1920) The Chewing Gum Industry (1920) A Blue Gum Romance (1913) | |
Song Titles | Does Your Chewing Gum Lose Its Flavor (performing artist: Lonnie Donegan) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | (4) color slides show different types of candy. (1) group of four gummy bears, (1) group of two gum drops, (1) package of M & M's next to a few single M & M's, (1) three single M & M's. Credit: Renee Comet (photographer). |  | Shown is gum damage caused by leukoplakia (with white patches shown). Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |
 | U.S. American National Red Cross Hospital No. 5, Auteuil, France. : ARC worker offering a patient some gum. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Chew Sugarless Gum : Not! Smokeless-Tobacco / Douglas Cooley. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
 | Wrapping chewing gum. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Gum Spring, Va. / EF. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Turpentine still near Valdosta, Georgia. The "cooper" makes barrels to hold the gum. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Hauling turpentine gum from the woods to the still near Homerville, Georgia. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Walter P. Wood, residence at 814 E. Gum St., Evansville, Indiana. Detail I. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Gum Wah, Old Country Rd., Westbury, Long Island. Bar. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Fall leaves" by David Daugherty Commentary: "Beautiful gum tree during Autumn in Dallas, Texas 2003 ." | "Batty" by Elisabeth Howe Commentary: "A young woman in bat wings, leaning against a gum tree." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Bill Hicks | Supreme Court says pornography is anything without artistic merit that causes sexual thought, that's their definition, essentially. No artistic merit, causes sexual thought. Hmm. Sounds like...every commercial on television, doesn't it? You know, when I see those two twins on that Doublemint commercial? I'm not thinking of gum. I am thinking of chewing, maybe that's the connection they're trying to make. What? You've all seen that Busch beer commercial, where the girl in the short hot pants opens the beer bottle on her belt buckle, leaves it there, and it foams over her hand and over the bottle and the voice over goes, "Get yourself a BUSCH." Hmm. You know what that looks like, nah, no way. |
Elbert Hubbard | This will never be a civilized country until we expend more money for books than we do for chewing gum. |
Frank Lloyd Wright | Television is chewing gum for the eyes. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | I hit upon making it with gum lac and turpentine |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | He chewed his gum slowly and turned it with his tongue |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Some of these germs cause gum disease. (references) | |
Gum disease is a threat to your oral health. (references) | ||
This allows the gum to re-attach to the teeth. (references) | ||
Business | Russian consumers prefer imported oral care products known for their ability to fight cavities, plaque, tartar and gum problems such as Colgate Total, Aquafresh, Oral-B, Blend-a-Med, Pepsodent, Macleans, etc. The most popular Russian-made toothpastes are Novy Zhemchug, Ftorodent, “32 norma”, Myatnaya, Lesnoi Balsam and Extra. (references) | |
The largest concentration of various beauty product boutiques is under the roof of the largest Russian department store, GUM. According to the February 2000 edition of International Cosmetic News Magazine, since the much publicized arrival of an exclusive Estee Lauder shop five year ago, the major Russian department store GUM on the Red Square has become the flagship for the beauty industry in the country. (references) | ||
Children | Jordan | Selling newspapers, tissues, small food items, or gum, the vendors, along with the other children who pick through trash dumpsters to find recyclable cans to sell, sometimes are the sole source of income for their families. (references) |
Economic History | Eritrea | Trade: Exports (1996)--$48 million: skins, meat, live sheep and cattle, gum arabic. (references) |
Chad | Chad also sells smoked and dried fish to its neighbors and exports several million dollars worth of gum arabic to Europe and the U.S. each year. (references) | |
Political Economy | Chad | The country has little industry, but exports cotton, cattle, and gum arabic. (references) |
Sudan | Exports of crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, gold, sorghum, peanuts, gum Arabic, sugarcane, livestock, and meat accounted for 100 percent (approximately $1.8 billion) of export earnings in 2000. The estimated gross domestic product (GDP) for 2000 was $11 billion, and yearly per capita income is estimated to be approximately $350 (91,000 dinar). (references) | |
Trade | Singapore | Singapore prohibits the import of chewing gum, firecrackers, silencers and other items. (references) |
Travel | Chad | Colorful clothing, gum arabic, local spices such as ginger, foods, grains, mats, curdled sour milk, are all for sale. (references) |
Singapore | Visitors should be aware of Singapore's strict laws and penalties for a variety of offences that might be considered minor in the United States, including jaywalking, littering and spitting, as well as the importation and sale of chewing gum. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Eritrea | In urban areas, some children work as street vendors of cigarettes, newspapers, or chewing gum. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | FASHION, n. A despot whom the wise ridicule and obey. A king there was who lost an eye In some excess of passion; And straight his courtiers all did try To follow the new fashion. Each dropped one eyelid when before The throne he ventured, thinking 'Twould please the king. That monarch swore He'd slay them all for winking. What should they do? They were not hot To hazard such disaster; They dared not close an eye -- dared not See better than their master. Seeing them lacrymose and glum, A leech consoled the weepers: He spread small rags with liquid gum And covered half their peepers. The court all wore the stuff, the flame Of royal anger dying. That's how court-plaster got its name Unless I'm greatly lying. Naramy Oof |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Andrew Weil | It's a powerful anti-oxidant. It helps to treat diabetes, extends survival of breast cancer. Great protective against gum disease, good general anti-oxidant protection. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Gum" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 98.67% of the time. "Gum" is used about 375 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 98.67% | 370 | 14,662 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 0.8% | 3 | 202,518 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.27% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Unclassified Items | 0.27% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 375 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "gum" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Gum | Last name | 1,000 | 11,380 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Russian Federation | Trade House Gum OAO | USA | Gum Tech International, Inc. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "gum": accroides gum ♦ Alsace gum ♦ american sweet gum ♦ arabic gum ♦ balata gum ♦ be up a gum tree ♦ black gum ♦ blue gum ♦ British gum ♦ bubble gum ♦ bubble gum dermatitis ♦ butea gum ♦ chewing gum ♦ chicle gum ♦ cider gum ♦ common gum cistus ♦ Congo gum ♦ damar gum ♦ dammar gum ♦ Danish gum ♦ Elastic gum ♦ ester gum ♦ eucalyptus gum ♦ existent gum ♦ eye gum ♦ flooded gum ♦ forest red gum ♦ gasoline existent gum ♦ ghatti gum ♦ ghost gum ♦ guar gum ♦ gum acacia ♦ Gum Acaroidea ♦ gum accroides ♦ gum albanum ♦ gum ammoniac ♦ gum ammoniacum ♦ Gum animal ♦ gum anime ♦ Gum animi or anim'e ♦ gum arabic ♦ gum arabic glue ♦ gum ball ♦ gum benjamin ♦ gum benzoin ♦ gum boot ♦ gum boots ♦ gum butea ♦ gum check ♦ Gum cistus ♦ gum cyst ♦ gum dammar ♦ Gum Disease ♦ gum down ♦ Gum dragon ♦ gum duct ♦ gum elastic ♦ gum elemi ♦ gum eurphorbium ♦ gum gall ♦ Gum juniper ♦ gum kino ♦ gum labdanum ♦ Gum lac ♦ Gum Ladanum ♦ gum myrrh ♦ gum olibanum ♦ Gum passages ♦ gum plant ♦ gum pocket ♦ Gum pot ♦ Gum rash ♦ gum resin ♦ gum ridge ♦ gum rosin ♦ Gum sandarac ♦ gum sangapenum ♦ Gum Senegal ♦ gum set ♦ gum spirits ♦ gum spirits of turpentine ♦ Gum Spring ♦ Gum Springs ♦ Gum stick ♦ gum terpentine ♦ Gum tragacanth ♦ gum tree ♦ gum trees ♦ gum turpentine ♦ gum up ♦ gum up the works ♦ gum vein ♦ Gum water ♦ Gum wood ♦ Hog gum ♦ Karaya Gum ♦ kauri gum ♦ kino gum ♦ Macaranga gum ♦ manna gum ♦ mesquite gum. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "gum": gum-boil, gum-boot, gum-boots, gum-chewin', gum-chewing, gum-digging, gum-erosion, gum-lac, gum-resin, gum-shoe, gum-shoes, gum-tree, gum-wads. | |
Ending with "gum": bubble-gum, chewing-gum. | |
Containing "gum": sour-gum family. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
bubble gum | 1,064 | gum sweet tree | 76 |
gum disease | 763 | black jack gum | 71 |
gum | 554 | excel gum | 70 |
chewing gum | 285 | sore gum | 69 |
bleeding gum | 268 | healthy gum | 66 |
bubble gum crisis | 184 | gum removal | 61 |
bubble club gum | 152 | bubble gum picture | 59 |
receding gum | 142 | bubble character gum | 59 |
nicorette gum | 139 | gum ball machine | 55 |
guar gum | 131 | bubble gum crisis tokyo 2040 | 54 |
gum infection | 125 | gum paste flower | 52 |
wrigley gum | 122 | trident gum | 50 |
wrigleys gum | 113 | gum cancer | 49 |
swollen gum | 102 | gum tree | 48 |
gum viagra | 101 | gum surgery | 47 |
picture of gum disease | 97 | sugar free gum | 46 |
gum disease treatment | 85 | blowing bubble gum | 46 |
bubble gum machine | 83 | extra gum | 45 |
xanthan gum | 80 | cause for bleeding gum | 44 |
nicotine gum | 76 | arabic gum | 43 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "gum"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | gomë (caoutchouc, eraser, india rubber, ink eraser, rubber, tire, tyre), zamkë (mucilage, size), rrëshirë (mastic, resin), rezinë, ngjit (agglutinate, arrogate, ascribe, attach, attribute, braze, climb, fuse, fuze, glue, impute, Mount, paste, post, post up, put up, seal, solder, splice, stick, transmit, weld), ngjis (agglutinate, arrogate, ascribe, attach, attribute, braze, climb, fuse, fuze, glue, impute, Mount, paste, post, post up, put up, seal, solder, splice, stick, transmit, weld), llastik (elastic, eraser, rubber), lëng pemësh, kauçuk (caoutchouc, india rubber, rubber), dru kauçuku (rubber plant, rubber tree), çamçakëz (chewing gum). (various references) | |
Arabic | مضيغة (chewing gum), مضغ (chew, chewing, crunch, masticate, mastication), لصق (affix, cement, fasten, fix, glue, paste, patch, post, splice, stick, stick down, unite), لثة, علكة (bubblegum, chewing, chewing gum), صمغ, خرب (blight, desolate, destroy, devastate, dilapidate, dilapidated, fallen, go to pot, harm, harry, havoc, overthrow, play havoc with, pull down, ravage, ruin, ruined, ruinous, sabotage, spoil, waste, wreck), الصمغية شجرة. (various references) | |
Blackfoot | aawákksis (chewing gum). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | ставам лепкав, смола (pitch, resin, tar), клей (lime, mucilage, size), гурел, гумирам, венец (chaplet, felloe, hoop, rim, rope, wreath), насмолявам (resin, resinate), намазвам с клей (size), евкалипт (eucalyptus, gum tree), лепя (agglutinate, glue, hang, stick, stick in), лепило (adhesive, glue, mucilage, paste, size), пускам смола, дъвка (chewing gum). (various references) | |
Chinese | 胶, 膠 (glue). (various references) | |
Czech | guma (eraser, india rubber, rubber), slepit (cobble together, gum down, gum up, paste, paste together, put together, tape), pryskyřice (resin), pogumovat, natřít lepidlem, lepidlo (adhesive, glue, mucilage, paste), klovatina, dáseò (jaw), žvýkaèka (bubble gum, chewing gum), želé (jelly). (various references) | |
Danish | tandkød (gums). (various references) | |
Dutch | tandvlees (gums), gom (eraser). (various references) | |
Esperanto | gumo (eraser), gingivo, dentkarno. (various references) | |
Faeroese | gummi (eraser, rubber). (various references) | |
Farsi | چسباندن (Agglutinate, Attach, Bind, Cement, Glue, Paste, Stick), چسب زدن , چسب (Agglutinate, Glue, Gluten, Lime, Mucilage, Paste), لثه دندان , قی چشم , گول زدن (Bamboozle, Beguile, Cajole, Cheat, Con, Deceive, Defraud, Doodle, Dupe, Entrap, Fool, Gaff, Gouge, Gull, Gyp, Hoax, Hustle, Jockey, Outwit, Rogue, Swindle, Wheedle), وسیع کردن (Broaden, Enlarge), صمغی شدن , صمغ (Resin), انگم , درخت صمغ , بالثه جویدن . (various references) | |
Finnish | kumi (indiarubber, rubber). (various references) | |
French | gomme (gumma), gencive (gums), gommer. (various references) | |
Frisian | toskfleis. (various references) | |
German | gummi (chicle, Durex, elastic, eraser, rubber, rubber band), zahnfleisch (gums), gummieren (rubberize). (various references) | |
Greek | κολλώ (adhere, cleave, cling, contract, glue, gum up, intrude, paste, size, solder, stick, stick stuck stuck), ούλο. (various references) | |
Hebrew | מסטיק (bubble gum), לדבוק (adhere, cleave, cling, join, stick), קומוס (glue), דבק (attached to, attachment, cement, cleaving, glue, partisan, paste, sticking to), גומי לעיסה (chewing gum), גומי (rubber). (various references) | |
Hungarian | gumi (rubber). (various references) | |
Indonesian | gusi, permen karet. (various references) | |
Italian | gengiva (chip space, gullet, throat), ingommare (to gum), gomma (eraser, rubber, tire, tyre). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 歯茎 (tooth ridge). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ゴム (eraser, rubber), はぐき (gums, tooth ridge). (various references) | |
Korean | 실리콘껌. (various references) | |
Manx | gleiy (adhesive, glue, mucilage), gleighey, drunt (gingiva). (various references) | |
Norwegian | gummiere, gummi (rubber), gom, tannkjøtt. (various references) | |
Occitan | goma (rubber), pega (paste), caochoc (rubber). (various references) | |
Papiamen | ensia. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | umgay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | goma (eraser), gengiva (gums). (various references) | |
Romanian | gumã de mestecat (chewing gum), gumã (caoutchouc, elastic, eraser, resin, rosin, rubber), gingie, urdoare (blearedness, rheum), secreta rãşinã, rãşinã (resin, wood tar), mucilagiu (mucilage), lipi (affix, agglutinate, apply, close, glue, imprint, paste, paste up, patch a tyre, post, seal, solder, splice, stick), clei (cerumen, fish glue, glue, paste, pasting, thick), cizme de cauciuc. (various references) | |
Russian | склеивать (agglutinate, gum up, paste, paste together, stick), смола (pitch, resin, tar), смолистое выделение, резина (caoutchouc, gum elastic, india rubber, rubber), каучук (caoutchouc, gum elastic, india rubber, india-rubber, rubber), камень (calculus, concretion, rock, stone), камедь, камедное дерево, клей;смола, клей (adhesive, cement, glue, paste, size, sticker), десна (gums). (various references) | |
Scottish | bìth (pitch, quiet, resin, silent, tar, tranquil). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | gumom lepiti, guma (india rubber, rubber, tire), smola (resin, rosin), desni (dexter, dextrous, right, right hand). (various references) | |
Spanish | encía (gums, sericin, sericin gum, silk glue), goma (chaw, chew-gum, chicle, elastic band, plastic explosive, rubber, rubber band), engomar (glue, rubberize). (various references) | |
Swedish | tandkött (gums), gummi (french letter, india rubber, india-rubber, rubber, safe), gummera (rubberize). (various references) | |
Thai | เกาะตัวเป็นยาง, เหงือก, เคี้ยวด้วยเหงือก, กาว (glue), ยางเหนียวๆ, หมากฝรั่ง (chuddy, chuggy). (various references) | |
Turkish | zamklamak, zamk (adhesive, cement, glue, mucilage), yapıştırmak (affix, agglutinate, apply, bond, cement, conglutinate, fix, fixate, glue, gunk up, paste, plant, post, post up, stick, stick together), yapıştırıcı (adhesive, bond, glue), sakız (chewing gum, gummastic, mastic, masticatory, resin), reçine (resin, resinous, rosin), lastik (elasticated, galosh, gum elastic, india rubber, rubber, rubbertire, tire), kauçuk (caoutchouc, gum elastic, india rubber, rubber), dişeti, çapak (beard, bream, burr, crust round the eyes). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | ясна, склеювати (agglutinate, cement, mucilage, stick together), смола (nature, pitch, resin, tar, thus), камедь, виділяти камедь, жуйка (champ, chaw, chew). (various references) | |
Welsh | gorcharfan (jaw). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Greek | 700 BCE-300 CE | kommi. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | balsamum, glutino. (various references) |
| Old English | 450-1100 | goma. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "gum": gumbo, gumboil, gumboils, gumboot, gumboots, gumbos, gumbotil, gumbotils, gumdrop, gumdrops, gumless, gumlike, gumma, gummas, gummata, gummatous, gummed, gummer, gummers, gummier, gummiest, gumminess, gumminesses, gumming, gummite, gummites, gummose, gummoses, gummosis, gummous, gummy, gumption, gumptions, gums, gumshoe, gumshoed, gumshoeing, gumshoes, gumtree, gumtrees, gumweed, gumweeds, gumwood, gumwoods. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "gum": algum, begum, blackgum, bluegum, bubblegum, degum, jugum, sagum, slumgum, subgum, tergum. (additional references) | |
Words containing "gum": algums, argument, argumenta, argumentation, argumentations, argumentative, argumentatively, argumentive, arguments, argumentum, begums, blackgums, bluegums, bubblegums, counterargument, counterarguments, degummed, degumming, degums, hegumen, hegumene, hegumenes, hegumenies, hegumens, hegumeny, integument, integumentary, integuments, jugums, legume, legumes, legumin, leguminous, legumins, nonargument, nonarguments, nonlegume, nonlegumes, nonleguminous, reargument, rearguments, slumgums, subgums, tegumen, tegument, teguments, tegumina, thingumajig, thingumajigs, thingummies, thingummy. (additional references) | |
| |
"Gum" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: agum, Eggum, eum, Gam, gamm, Gaum, Gcu, gema, ghm, Ghu, ghum, gimb, gimc, gimm, gimu, gmi, gmo, gmu, Gmut, gnum, goj, gom, gomm, gourm, gpmu, gsm, gu, gua, guam, gub, gud, Gue, guh, gui, guj, guk, Gulma, guma, gume, gumi, gumm, gumu, gup, guv, gux, guz, gwm, gxm, Gxu, igu, jum, lgium, Ngom, Ngum, Ngumu, oum, Ugb, ugm, ugn, Ugtm, vum, wum. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "gum" (pronounced gu"m) |
| 2 | -u" m | become, bum, mum, Mumm, numb, plum, Plumb, chum, come, crumb, cum, drum, dumb, from, glum, grum, hum, Lum, rum, scum, slum, some, strum, Stum, succumb, sum, swum, thumb, um, umm, yum. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: mug. | |
| Words within the letters "g-m-u" | |
-1 letter: mu, um. | |
| Words containing the letters "g-m-u" | |
+1 letter: gaum, geum, glum, grum, gums, mugg, mugs, smug. | |
+2 letters: algum, almug, begum, degum, gamut, gaums, geums, glume, grume, grump, gumbo, gumma, gummy, jugum, magus, mogul, muggs, muggy, mungo, sagum. | |
+3 letters: algums, almugs, begums, degums, fuming, gamuts, gaumed, gazump, glomus, glumes, glumly, glumpy, gomuti, gonium, granum, grumes, grumps, grumpy, guimpe, gumbos, gummas, gummed, gummer, gunman, gunmen, gypsum, humbug, impugn, jugums, legume, magnum, maguey, mauger, maugre, midgut, moguls, morgue, mugful, muggar, mugged, muggee, mugger, muggur, muling, mungos, muring, musing, muskeg, muting, nutmeg, regnum, smudge, smudgy, smugly, subgum, tergum, ugsome, umping, zeugma. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
