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Group

Definition: Group

Group

Adjective

1. For or by a group rather than individuals; "dipping each his bread into a communal dish of stew"- Paul Roche; "a communal settlement in which all earnings and food were shared"; "a group effort".

Noun

1. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit.

2. (chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule.

3. A set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse.

Verb

1. Arrange into a group or groups; "Can you group these shapes together?".

2. Form a group or group together.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.

Date "group" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references)

Specialty Definition: Group

Domain	Definition
Computing	Group A group G is a non-empty set upon which a binary operator * is defined with the following properties for all a,b,c in G: Closure: G is closed under , ab in G Associative: * is associative on G, (ab)c = a(bc) Identity: There is an identity element e such that ae = ea = a. Inverse: Every element has a unique inverse a' such that a * a' = a' * a = e. The inverse is usually written with a superscript -1. (1998-10-03). Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing.
Economics	Affiliation of legally independent companies in an economic unit under common management by means of financial participation. Undertaken as a rule in order to strengthen market positions in the face of strong competition. Source: European Union. (references)
Electrical Engineering	The assembly of a specified number of circuits, normally twelve, whose frequency bands occupy adjacent positions in a frequency spectrum. Where no ambiguity arises, the term group may also be applied to the corresponding number of channels in either direction of transmission. Source: European Union. (references)
	The assembly of plates of the same polarity joined by a connecting strap. Source: European Union. (references)
Mathematics	A set of elements, individuals or observations all of which possess one, or more, characteristics in common. Source: European Union. (references)
Mining	A. The lithostratigraphic unit next in rank above formation, consisting partly or entirely of named formations. A group name combines a geographic name with the term "group," and no lithic designation is included; e.g., San Rafael Group b. A stratigraphic sequence that will probably be divided in whole or in part into formations in the future. See also:analytic grou c. A general term for an assemblage or consecutive sequence of related layers of rock, such as of igneous rocks or of sedimentary beds d. A more or less informally recognized succession of strata too thick or inclusive to be considered a formation e.g., San Rafael Group. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Specialty Definition: Group

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

In mathematics, a group is a set together with a binary operation satisfying certain algebraic conditions. See group (mathematics).
In astronomy, a group is a small number of galaxies (up to 50 or so) that are near each other, like the Local Group, which is the group of galaxies we live in. See groups and clusters of galaxies.
In chemistry, a group is either
a column in the periodic table of chemical elements; see periodic table group
a functional entity consisting of certain atoms whose presence provides a certain property to a molecule, e.g. the methyl group; see Functional group.
In sociology, a group involves a sub-set of a culture or of a society: see group (sociology).

This is a disambiguation page; that is, one that just points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name. If you followed a link here, you might want to go back and fix that link to point to the appropriate specific page.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Group."

Group (mathematics)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

In mathematics, a group is a set, together with a binary operation satisfying certain axioms, detailed below. The branch of mathematics which studies groups is called group theory.
A great many of the objects investigated in mathematics turn out to be groups, including familiar number systems, such as the integers, rational, real, and complex numbers under addition, non-zero rational, real, and complex numbers under multiplication, non-singular matricies under multiplication, invertable functions under composition, and so on. Group Theory allows for the properties of these systems and many others to be investigated in a more general setting, and its results are widely applicable. Group theory is also a rich source of theorems in its own right. Groups underlie the other algebraic structures such as fieldss and vector spaces and are also important tools for studying symmetry in all its forms. For these reasons, group theory is considered to be an important area in modern mathematics.

History
See Group theory.

Basic definitions
A group (G,*) is defined as a set G together with a binary operation *: G × G → G. We write "a * b" for the result of applying the operation * to the two elements a and b of G. To have a group, * must satisfy the following axioms:
Associativity: For all a, b and c in G, (a * b) * c = a * (b * c).
Identity element: There is an element e in G such that for all a in G, e * a = a = a * e.
Inverse element: For all a in G, there is an element b in G such that a * b = e = b * a, where e is the identity element from the previous axiom.

You will often also see the axiom
Closure: For all a and b in G, a * b belongs to G.
The way that the definition above is phrased, this axiom isn't necessary, since binary operations are already required to satisfy closure. When determining if * is a group operation, however, it is nonetheless necessary to verify that * satisfies closure; this is part of verifying that it is in fact a binary operation.
It should be noted that there is no requirement in a group that a * b = b * a (commutativity). A group in which this equation holds for all a and b in G, is called abelian (after the mathematican Niels Abel). Groups lacking this property are called non-abelian.
The order of a group G, denoted by |G| or o(G), is the number of elements of the set G. A group is called finite if it has finitely many elements, that is if the set G is a finite set.
Note that we often refer to the group (G,*) as simply "G", leaving the operation * unmentioned. But to be perfectly precise, different operations on the same set define different groups.

Notation for groups
Usually the operation, whatever it really is, is thought of as an analogue of multiplication, and the group operations are therefore written multiplicatively. That is:
We write "a · b" or even "ab" for a * b and call it the product of a and b;
We write "1" for the identity element and call it the unit element;
We write "a⁻¹" for the inverse of a and call it the reciprocal of a.

However sometimes the group is thought of as analogous to addition and written additively:
We write "a + b" for a * b and call it the sum of a and b;
We write "0" for the identity element and call it the zero element;
We write "−a" for the inverse of a and call it the opposite of a.

Usually, only abelian groups are written additively.
When being noncommital, one can use the notation (with "*") and terminology that was introduced in the definition, using the notation a⁻¹ for the inverse of a.
If S is a subset of G, and x an element of G then in multiplicative notation, xS is the set of all products {xs} for s in S; similarly the notation Sx = {sx : s in S}; and for two subsets S and T of G, we write ST for {st : for all s in S, t in T}. In additive notation, we write x + S, S + x, and S + T for the respective sets.

Some elementary examples and nonexamples

An abelian group: the integers under addition
A group that we are introduced to in elementary school is the integers under addition. For this example, let Z be the set of integers, {...,−4,−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3,4,...}, and let the symbol "+" indicate the operation of addition. Then (Z,+) is a group (written additively).
Proof:
If a and b are integers then a + b is an integer. (Closure; + really is a binary operation)
If a, b, and c are integers, then (a + b) + c = a + (b + c). (Associativity)
0 is an integer and for any integer a, 0 + a = a = a + 0. (Identity element)
If a is an integer, then there is an integer b := −a, such that a + b = 0 = b + a. (Inverse element)

This group is also abelian: a + b = b + a.
The integers with both addition and multiplication together form the more complicated algebraic structure of a ring. In fact, the elements of any ring form an abelian group under addition, called the additive group of the ring.

Not a group: the integers under multiplication
On the other hand, if we consider the operation of multiplication, denoted by "·", then (Z,·) is not a group:
If a and b are integers then a · b is an integer. (Closure; · really is a binary operation)
If a, b, and c are integers, then (a · b) · c = a · (b · c). (Associativity)
1 is an integer and for any integer a, 1 · a = a = a · 1. (Identity element)
But, if a is an integer, there is not necessarily an integer b such that a · b = 1 = b · a. There may be a rational number b like that, but not an integer. (Inverse element fails)

So we see that not every element of (Z,·) has an inverse and therefore, (Z,·) is not a group. The most we can say is that it is a monoid.
An abelian group: the nonzero rational numbers under multiplication
Consider the set of rational numbers Q, that is the set of numbers a/b such that a and b are integers and b is nonzero, and the operation multiplication, denoted by "·". Since the rational number 0 does not have a multiplicative inverse, (Q,·), like (Z,·), is not a group.
However, if we instead use the set Q \\ {0} instead of Q, that is include every rational number except zero, then (Q \\ {0},·) does form an abelian group (written multiplicatively). The inverse of a/b is b/a, and the other group axioms are simple to check. We don't lose closure by removing zero, because the product of two nonzero rationals is never zero.
Just as the integers form a ring, so the rational numbers form the algebraic structure of a field. In fact, the nonzero elements of any given field form a group under multiplication, called the multiplicative group of the field.
A finite nonabelian group: permutations of a set
For a more abstract example, consider three colored blocks (red, green, and blue), initially placed in the order RGB. Let a be the action "swap the first block and the second block", and let b be the action "swap the second block and the third block".
In multiplicative form, we traditionally write xy for the combined action "first do y, then do x"; so that ab is the action RGB → RBG → BRG, i.e., "take the last block and move it to the front". If we write e for "leave the blocks as they are" (the identity action), then we can write the six permutations of the set of three blocks as the following actions:

e : RGB → RGB
a : RGB → GRB
b : RGB → RBG
ab : RGB → BRG
ba : RGB → GBR
aba : RGB → BGR

Note that the action aa has the effect RGB → GRB → RGB, leaving the blocks as they were; so we can write aa = e. Similarly,
bb = e,
(aba)(aba) = e, and
(ab)(ba) = (ba)(ab) = e;
so each of the above actions has an inverse.
By inspection, we can also determine associativity and closure; note for example that
(ab)a = a(ba) = aba, and
(ba)b = b(ab) = aba.

This group is called the symmetric group on 3 letters, or S₃. It has order 6 (or 3 factorial), and is non-abelian (since, for example, ab ≠ ba). Since S₃ is built up from the basic actions a and b, we say that the set {a,b} generates it.
Every group can be expressed in terms of permutation groups like S₃; this result is Cayley's theorem and is studied as part of the subject of group actions.

Further examples
For some further examples of groups from a variety of applications, see Examples of groups and List of small groups.

Simple theorems

A group has exactly one identity element.
Every element has exactly one inverse.
You can perform division in groups; that is, given elements a and b of the group G, there is exactly one solution x in G to the equation x * a = b and exactly one solution y in G to the equation a * y = b.
The expression "a₁ * a₂ * ··· * a_n" is unambiguous, because the result will be the same no matter where we place parentheses.
The inverse of a product is the product of the inverses in the opposite order: (a * b)⁻¹ = b⁻¹ * a⁻¹.

These and other basic facts that hold for all individual groups form the field of elementary group theory.

Constructing new groups from given ones

If a subset H of a group (G,*) together with the operation * restricted on H is itself a group, then it is called a subgroup of (G,*).
The direct sum of two groups (G,*) and (H,•) is the set G×H together with the operation (g₁,h₁)(g₂,h₂) = (g₁*g₂,h₁•h₂).
Given a group G and a normal subgroup N, the quotient group is the set of cosets of G/N together with the operation (gN)(hN)=ghN.

Related topics
See Glossary of group theory for more definitions in group theory.
See elementary group theory for a list of elementary theorems in group theory.
See List of group theory topics for a list of all group theory topics covered in Wikipedia.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Group (mathematics)."

Group (sociology)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

In sociology, a group is usually defined as a collection consisting of a number of people who share certain aspects, interact with one another, accept rights and obligations as members of the group and share a common identity. Using this definition, society can appear as a large group.
While an aggregate comprises merely a number of people, a group in sociology exhibits cohesiveness to a larger degree. Aspects that members in the group may share include interests, values, ethnic/linguistic background and kinship.
Primary groups consist of small groups with intimate, kin-based relationships: families, for example. They commonly last for years. The term was coined by Charles Horton Cooley.
Secondary groups, in contrast to primary groups, are large groups whose relationships are formal and institutional. Some of them may last for years but some may disband after a short lifetime.
See also: Organization, bureaucracy
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Group (sociology)."

Group dance

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Group dances are danced by groups of people simultaneously, as opposed to individuals dancing alone or individually, and as opposed to couples dancing together but independently of others dancing at the same time, if any.
The dances are generally, but not always, coordinated or standardized in such a way that all the individuals in the group are dancing the same steps at the same time. Alternatively, various groups within the larger group may be dancing different, but complementary, parts of the larger dance. An exception to this generalization must be pointed out where groups of individuals are dancing independently of each other, but with the purpose of creating a "group" feeling or experience, such as might accompany various forms of ritual dancing.
Group dances include the following dance forms or styles:

Folk dance
English Country Dance
Square Dance
Traditional square dance
Western square dance
Line dance
Novelty or fad dance
Bunny Dance
Chicken Dance
Round dance

See also:
Wikipedia:Dance basic topics,
List of dances
List of novelty or fad dances
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Group dance."

Groups and clusters of galaxies

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Matter throughout the visible Universe has, over the course of the Universe's history, aggregated into a range of large-scale structures under the influence of gravity.

The galaxies of HCG (Hickson Compact Group) 87, about four hundred million light-years distant. The large edge-on spiral, the fuzzy elliptical galaxy immediately to its right, and the spiral near the top of the image are members of the group, while the small spiral galaxy exactly in the middle is a more distant background galaxy.
Larger version

Groups of galaxies (1)
Groups of galaxies are the smallest aggregates of galaxies. They typically have the following properties.
They contain less than 50 galaxies.
They have a diameter of about 2 megaparsec (Mpc) (see 1 E22 m for distance comparisons).
Their mass is approximately 10¹³ solar masses.
The spread of velocities for the individual galaxies is about 150 km/s.

Clusters of galaxies
Clusters are larger than groups, although there is no sharp dividing line between a group and a cluster. When observed visually, clusters appear to be collections of galaxies held together by mutual gravitational attraction. However their velocities are too large for them to remain gravitationally bound by their mutual attractions, implying the presence of an additional invisible mass component. X-ray studies have revealed the presence of large amounts of intergalactic gas. This gas is very hot, around 10⁸K, hence emits X-rays. The total mass of the gas is greater than that of the galaxies by roughly a factor of two. However this is still not enough mass to keep the galaxies in the cluster. Since this gas is in approximate equilibrium with the overall cluster gravitational field, its distribution in the cluster traces out the overall cluster gravitational field, and therefore allows calculation of the total mass distribution in the cluster. It turns out the total mass deduced from this measurement is much larger than the mass of the galaxies or the hot gas. The missing component is known as dark matter and its nature is unknown. In a typical cluster perhaps only 5% of the total mass is in the form of galaxies, maybe 10% in the form of hot X-ray emitting gas and the remainder is dark matter.
Clusters typically have the following properties.
They contain 50 to 1000 galaxies, hot X-ray emitting gas and large amounts of dark matter
The distribution of these three components is approximately the same in the cluster.
They have total masses of 10¹⁴ to 10¹⁵ solar masses.
They typically have a diameter of 8Mpc (see 1 E23 m for distance comparisons).
The spread of velocities for the individual galaxies is about 800-1000 km/s.
The average distance between clusters is approximately 10 Mpc.

Note: clusters of galaxies should not be confused with star clusters such as globular clusters and open clusters, which are structures within galaxies.

Superclusters
Groups, clusters and some isolated galaxies form even larger structures, the superclusters.
At the very largest scales of the visible universe, matter is gathered into filaments and walls surrounding vast voids. This structure resembles a foam. See large-scale structure of the cosmos.

List of some close groups and clusters

Local Group
Maffei Group
Sculptor Group
M81 Group
NGC 5128 Group
Canes I Group
NGC1023 Group
M101 Group
Leo I Group
Canes II Group
Virgo cluster
Fornax cluster

See also:
Timeline of galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large-scale structure
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Groups and clusters of galaxies."

Musical band

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

A musical band is a group of musicians playing parts of a musical arrangement on different musical instruments. Bands can be composed of practically any combination of musicians. However, which instruments are found in a band is often determined by the style of music being played and, to an even greater degree, the specific piece being played.

Types of bands

big band
bluegrass band
boy band
concert band (aka wind band, symphonic band)
girl band
jazz band
jug band
marching band
military band
composite group
pop group
punk band
rock band
salsa band

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Musical band."

Periodic table group

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

A periodic table group is a vertical column in the periodic table of the elements. There are 18 groups in the standard periodic table.
It is no accident that several of these correspond directly to chemical series: the periodic table was originally created to organize the known chemical series into a single coherent scheme.
The modern explanation of the pattern of the periodic table is that the elements in a group have similar configurations of the outermost electron shells of their atoms: as most chemical properties are dominated by outer electron interactions, this tends to give elements in the same group similar physical and chemical properties.

Group numbers
There are three ways of numbering the groups of the periodic table, one using Arabic numerals and the other two using Roman numerals.
The Roman numeral names are the original traditional names of the groups; the Arabic numeral names are those recommended by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) to replace the old names.
There is considerable confusion surrounding the two old systems in use (old IUPAC and CAS) that combined the use of Roman numerals with letters. In the old IUPAC system the letters A and B were designated to the left (A) and right (b) part of the table, while in the CAS system the letters A and B were designated to main group elements (A) and transition elements (B). The former system was frequently used in Europe while the latter was most common in America. The new IUPAC scheme was developed to replace both systems as they confusingly used the same names to mean different things.
The periodic table groups are as follows (in the brackets are shown the old systems: European and American):

Group 1 (IA,IA): the Alkali metals
Group 2 (IIA,IIA): the Alkaline earth metals
Group 3 (IIIA,IIIB)
Group 4 (IVA,IVAB)
Group 5 (VA,VB)
Group 6 (VIA,VIB)
Group 7 (VIIA,VIIB)
Group 8 (VIII)
Group 9 (VIII)
Group 10 (VIII)
Group 11 (IB,IB): the Coinage metals (Not an IUPAC recommended name)
Group 12 (IIB,IIB)
Group 13 (IIIB,IIIA): the Boron Group
Group 14 (IVB,IVA): the Carbon Group
Group 15 (VB,VA): the Pnictogens (Not an IUPAC-recommended name)(Also known as Nitrogen Group)
Group 16 (VIB,VIA): the Chalcogens
Group 17 (VIIB,VIIA): the Halogens
Group 18 (Group 0): the Noble gases

See also: Periodic table period
Note: Wikipedia style should be to replace the old names of the groups with the new IUPAC names throughout, with a historical mention of the old name where appropriate.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Periodic table group."

Topological group

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

In mathematics, a topological group G is a group that is also a topological space such that the group multiplication
G × G -> G
and taking inverses
G -> G
are continuous maps. Here, G × G is viewed as a topological space by using the product topology. (See group object).
Though we do not do so here, it is common to also require that the topology on G be Hausdorff. The reasons, and some equivalent conditions, are discussed below.
Almost all objects investigated in analysis are topological groups (usually with some additional structure).
Every group can be made into a topological group by imposing the discrete topology on it. However, the more interesting situation is where the group has some other topology, not arising so directly from the group operation.

Examples
The real numbers R, together with addition as operation and its ordinary topology, form a topological group. More generally, Euclidean n-space Rⁿ with addition and standard topology is a topological group. More generally still, all topological vector spaces, such as Banach spaces or Hilbert spaces, are topological groups.
The above examples are all abelian. Important examples of non-abelian topological groups are given by the Lie groups (topological groups that are also manifolds), for instance by the group GL(n,R) of all invertible n-by-n matrices with real entries. The topology on GL(n,R) is defined by viewing GL(n,R) as a subset of Euclidean space R^n×n.
All the examples above are Lie groups (if one views the infinite-dimensional vector spaces as infinite-dimensional "flat" Lie groups). An example of a topological group which is not a Lie group is given by the rational numbers Q. This is a countable space and it does not have the discrete topology. For a nonabelian example, consider the subgroup of rotations of R³ generated by two rotations by irrational multiples of 2π about different axes.
In every unitary Banach algebra, the set of invertible elements forms a topological group under multiplication.

Properties
If a is an element of a topological group G, then left or right multiplication with a yields a homeomorphism G -> G. This can be used to show that all topological groups are actually uniform spaces. Every topological group can be viewed as a uniform space in two ways; the left uniformity turns all left multiplications into uniformly continuous maps while the right uniformity turns all right multiplications into uniformly continuous maps. If G is not abelian, then these two need not coincide. The uniform structures allow to talk about notions such as completeness, uniform continuity and uniform convergence on topological groups.
As a uniform space, every topological group is completely regular. It follows that if a topological group is T₀ (i.e. Kolmogorov), then it is already T₂ (i.e. Hausdorff).
The most natural notion of homomorphism between topological groups is that of a continuous group homomorphism. Topological groups, together with continuous group homomorphisms as morphisms, form a category.
If H is a normal subgroup of the topological group G, then the factor group G/H becomes a topological group by using the quotient topology (the finest topology on G/H which makes the natural projection G -> G/H continuous), and the isomorphism theorems known from ordinary group theory remain valid in this setting. However, if H is not closed in the topology of G, then G/H won't be T₀ even if G is. It is therefore natural to restrict oneself to the category of T₀ topological groups, and restrict the definition of normal to normal and closed.
The algebraic and topological structures of a topological group interact in non-trivial ways. For example, in any topological group the connected component containing the identity element is a normal subgroup.

Relationship to other areas of mathematics
Of particular importance in harmonic analysis are the locally compact topological groups, because they admit a natural notion of measure and integral, given by the Haar measure. In many ways, the locally compact topological groups serve as a generalization of countable groups, while the compact topological groups can be seen as a generalization of finite groups. The theory of group representations is almost identical for finite groups and for compact topological groups.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Topological group."

Abbreviations & Acronyms: Group

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
Entry	Source	Expression	Field
GRA	English	Circuit group reset acknowledgement message	Post & Telecom
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Synonyms: Group

Synonyms: communal (adj), group(a) (adj), chemical group (n), grouping (n), mathematical group (n), radical (n), aggroup (v). (additional references)

Synonyms within Context: Group

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Arrangement	Verb: reduce to order, bring into order; introduce order into; rally. arrange, dispose, place, form; put in order, set in order, place in order; set out, collocate, pack, marshal, range, size, rank, group, parcel out, allot, distribute, deal; cast the parts, assign the parts; dispose of, assign places to; assort, sort; sift, riddle; put to rights, set to rights, put into shape, put in trim, put in array; apportion.
Assemblage	Group, cluster, Pleiades, clump, pencil; set, batch, lot, pack; budget, assortment, bunch; parcel; packet, package; bundle, fascine, fasces, bale; seron, seroon; fagot, wisp, truss, tuft; shock, rick, fardel, stack, sheaf, fascicle, fascicule, fasciculus, gavel, hattock, stook.
	Crowd, throng, group; flood, rush, deluge; rabble, mob, press, crush, cohue, horde, body, tribe; crew, gang, knot, squad, band, party; swarm, shoal, school, covey, flock, herd, drove; atajo; bunch, drive, force, mulada; remuda; roundup; array, bevy, galaxy; corps, company, troop, troupe, task force; army, regiment; (combatants); host;crowd, throng, group; flood, rush, deluge; rabble, mob, press, crush, cohue, horde, body, tribe; crew, gang, knot, squad, band, party; swarm, shoal, school, covey, flock, herd, drove; atajo; bunch, drive, force, mulada; remuda; roundup; array, bevy, galaxy; corps, company, troop, troupe, task force; army, regiment; (combatants); host; (multitude); populousness.
	Assemble, muster; bring together, get together, put together, draw together, scrape together, lump together; collect, collocate, colligate; get, whip in; gather; hold a meeting; convene, convoke, convocate; rake up, dredge; heap, mass, pile; pack, put up, truss, cram; acervate; agglomerate, aggregate; compile; group, aggroup, concentrate, unite; collect into a focus, bring into a focus; amass, accumulate; (store); collect in a dragnet; heap Ossa upon Pelion.
Assent	Go with the stream, swim with the stream, go with the flow, blow with the wind; be in fashion, join in the chorus, join the crowd, be one of the guys, be part of the group, go with the crowd, don't make waves; be in every mouth.
Party	Knot, gang, clique, ring, circle, group, crowd, in-crowd; coterie, club, casino; machine; Tammany, Tammany Hall.
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

Crosswords: Group

English words defined with "group": Abelian group, acetyl group, acyl group, age group, alcohol group, aldehyde group, amphibole group, animal group, arsenic group, azido group, azo group ♦ biological group ♦ cacodyl group, commutative group, core group, cyanide group, cyano group ♦ ethanoyl group ♦ group A, group AB, group action, group B, group O, group participation, group Pteridospermae, group Pteridospermaphyta, group therapy ♦ hydrazo group, hydroxyl group ♦ interest group ♦ ketone group, kin group, kinship group ♦ Laramie group ♦ Normal group ♦ Phycomycetes group, play group, pop group, pressure group, propyl group ♦ taxonomic group ♦ working group. (references)

Etymologies containing "group": Platoon. (references)

Non-English Usage: "Group" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses.

Russian (clique).

Modern Usage: Group

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	What kind of havoc shall the Carver Media Group create in the world today (Tomorrow Never Dies; writing credit: Bruce Feirstein) She had no diseases at all. I had seen her at Free and Clear my blood parasite group Thursdays (Fight Club; writing credit: Jim Uhls) Group number one sees it as more than luck, more than coincidence (Signs; writing credit: M. Night Shyamalan) You are saying that a group of animals, entirely composed of females, will breed (Jurassic Park; writing credit: Michael Crichton) Top to bottom, left to right, group words to form sentences (Tommy Boy; writing credit: Terry Turner, Bonnie Turner, Fred Wolf)
Lyrics	As they group I see myself in the pistol smoke, fool (Gangsta's Paradise; performing artist: Coolio) Until you caught your sister with the guys from the group (Once Bitten Twice Shy; performing artist: Great White) Our little group has always been (Smells Like Teen Spirit; performing artist: Nirvana) Makes no difference what group I'm in ("Everyday People"; performing artist: Sly & The Family Stone) Now the group you hear is called Phase Two ("Rapper's Delight"; performing artist: Sugarhill Gang)
Clever	New Study of Obesity Looks for Larger Test Group (references; author: unknown) Never do card tricks for the group you play poker with. (references; author: unknown) Low Self Esteem Support Group will meet Thursday at 7 P.M., please use the back door. (references; author: unknown) A Committee is a group of people who individually can do nothing, but as a group decide that nothing can be done. (references; author: unknown)
Movie/TV Titles	The Group (1973) Sexual Encounter Group (1970) Best of Both Worlds: Concerto for Group and Orchestra (1970) Group Hunting on the Spring Ice: Part 3 (1967) The Group (1966)
Song Titles	Down In The Coal Mine (performing artist: Ian Folk Group Campbell) Rock Island Line, The (performing artist: Lonnie Skiffle Group Donegan) Song name (performing artist: Group) Yellow Bird (Instrumental) (performing artist: The Arthur Lyman Group) My Pledge of Love (performing artist: The Joe Jeffrey Group)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Commercial Usage: Group

Domain	Title
References	21st Century Insurance Group: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference) 3i Group Plc: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference) 4imprint Group plc: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference) A.B. Watley Group, Inc.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference) A.M. Moolla Group Limited: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference) (more reference examples)

Books	Nine Keys to Effective Small Group Leadership: How Lay Leaders Can Establish Dynamic & Healthy Cells, Classes or Teams (reference) The Power Equity Group; A Guide for Understanding Equity and Acknowledging Diversity (reference) Survey of acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile levels in food contact materials and in foods : the sixth report of the Steering Group on Food Surveillance, the Working Party on Acrylonitrile and Methacrylonitrile (reference) Acupuncture Anesthesia in the People's Republic of China: A Trip Report of the American Acupuncture Anesthesia Study Group (reference) Abelian Group Theory (reference) (more book examples)

Periodicals	Canadian Vintage Motorcycle Group Newsletter (reference) Ceramic Study Group Newsletter (reference) Directory Of Health Care Group Purchasing Organizations (reference) Electronic Connector Study Group News (reference) Focus Group Directory Of The Greenbook (reference) (more periodical examples)

Theater & Movies	Purcell - Dido and Aeneas / Mark Morris Dance Group (reference) Group Dynamics (reference) Group Dynamics and Communications (reference) Pat Metheny Group - We Live Here (reference) Pat Group Metheny - Imaginary Day (reference) (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Music	Ockeghem: Missa Caput, Missa Ma Maistresse, 3 Motets / The Clerks' Group, Wickham (reference) Cobra and Phases Group Play Voltage in the Milky Night (reference) FORMER MEMBER OF ATLANTIC/COTILLION RECORDS GROUP SLAVE PRESENT:A BLAZIN HOT HIP-HOP/RAP CD. BY:ROBBY C."THE REAL LIFE E.P."CD. [EXPLICIT LYRICS] (reference) Hollywood Sessions: Entire Story of a Group (reference) Group Dance Epidemic (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)

High Tech	T.R.A.G. (Tactical Rescue Assualt Group) (reference) LIFT- Nielson Norman Group Edition for Macromedia Dreamweaver (reference) Mentor For Office 2000 (Mentor Communications Group) (reference) Omnigraffle 2.0/Omni Group (reference) (more camera examples; more video game examples; more computer examples; more electronic examples; more software examples)

Consumer Goods	Cooper Group 8200PK 140/100 Watts All Purpose Soldering Gun Kit (reference) Global Garden Group 70770 LG Lite Till-A-Matic Electric Tiller (reference) WWT Group L-202E EZ Lug Lugnut Wrench (reference) (more baby examples; more wireless phone examples; more garden examples; more kitchen examples; more tool examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Image Slideshow: Group

Photo Album: Group

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	Six-step sequence of the death of a cancer cell. A cancer cell has migrated through the holes of a matrix coated membrane from the top to the bottom, simulating natural migration of a invading cancer cell between, and sometimes through, the vascular endothelium. Notice the spikes or pseudopodia that are characteristic of an invading cancer cell (1). A buffy coat containing red blood cells, lymphocytes and macrophages is added to the bottom of the membrane. A group of macrophages identify the cancer cell as foreign matter and start to stick to the cancer cell, which still has its spikes (2). Macrophages begin to fuse with, and inject its toxins into, the cancer cell. The cell starts rounding up and loses its spikes (3). As the macrophage cell becomes smooth (4). The cancer cell appears lumpy in the last stage before it dies. These lumps are actually the macrophages fused within the cancer cell (5). The cancer cell then loses its morphology, shrinks up and dies (6). Photo magnification: 1: x12,000; 2: x4,000; 3: x8,000; 4: x26,000; 5: x56,000; 6: x14,000. Credit: Susan Arnold (photographer).		Pictured is a family group of a father, mother and eight children around a piano. One of the younger women is playing the piano and the others are following the music and singing. They raise their hands while singing. It appears to be a family room home setting. These people are a Mormon family. They are presently being studied for their low cancer death rate. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer).
	Group of two-story PHS Hospital buildings located on an Indian Reservation. Credit: CDC.		Streptococci are subdivided into groups based on what antibodies recognize their surface antigens. Group D contains five species, S. faecalis, S. faecium, S. durans, S. avium, and S. bovis. Credit: CDC.
	Inspection Institute Aeronautical Science Group. Credit: NASA.		Original 1960 Group of Cosmonauts. Credit: NASA.
	This troupe of four galaxies, known as Hickson Compact Group 87 (HCG 87), is performing an ... Credit: NASA.		A vociferous group of Steller sea lions - Eumetopias jubatus. Credit: NOAA's Ark (Animals).
	Polar bear - Ursus maritimus - hunting near large group of walrus. Polar bear normally won't attack walrus unless walrus is sick or very young. Credit: NOAA's Ark (Animals).		J. S. Rosenthal With group of Bilans and Chinese storekeeper. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Digital Photo Gallery: Group


"Teen firemen in group" by Liz Allen Commentary: "Teen guys at fire games."	"Group picture" by Jana Werner Commentary: "Enjoy!."
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

Sounds Captioned with "Group".

Play	Caption	Play	Caption
	Large group of seagulls squawking.		A large group of men chanting in unison rhythm and pitch.
	Loud chirping of a group of crickets and cicadas.		A group of drums closely resembling those from West Africa; West African drums.
	A sample repeated of a group of men shouting.		Group laughing.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Familiar Quotations: Group

Author	Quotation
Author Unknown.	A committee is a group of the unwilling, chosen from the unfit, to do the unnecessary.
Claude Levi-Strauss	Just as the individual is not alone in the group, nor any one in society alone among the others, so man is not alone in the universe.
George Carlin	I would never want to be a member of a group whose symbol was a guy nailed to two pieces of wood.
Margaret Mead	Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed citizens can change the world: Indeed it's the only thing that ever has.
Milton Berle	Committee--a group of men who keep minutes and waste hours.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Historic Usage: Group

Author	Date	Quotation
United Nations	1948	The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State. (reference)
Brown v. Board of Education	1954	The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law; for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the negro group. (reference)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Use in Literature: Group

Title	Author	Quote
Les Miserables	Hugo, Victor	Ten thousand eyes were fixed upon the group.
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man	Joyce, James	Under the colonnade Temple was standing in the midst of a little group of students
Grapes of Wrath	Steinbeck, John	Granma sat proudly, coldly, until the group was formed, until no one looked at her, and then she lay down and covered her face with her arm.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Non-Fiction Usage: Group

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		Join a book group. (references)
		Join a support group. (references)
		Ohio Legionnaires’ Diseases Group. (references)
Business		About ICON Group International, Inc. (references)
		Home-owners are the largest end-user group. (references)
		The typical group involves 30 to 120 students. (references)
Children	Cameroon	The Prime Minister refused to meet with the group. (references)
	Ghana	It is found primarily among the ethnic Ewe group in the Volta Region. (references)
	Sweden	Government assistance also includes services such as home care or group living. (references)
Civil Liberties	Macedonia	Only a citizen may establish a religious group. (references)
	Haiti	No group claimed responsibility for the attacks. (references)
	Angola	No group has claimed responsibility for the incident. (references)
Discrimination	Papua New Guinea	The democratically elected government, based on loose coalitions, consistently has avoided favoring any group. (references)
	Bhutan	In the late 1980's and early 1990's, the Government instituted policies designed to preserve the cultural dominance of the Ngalong ethnic group. (references)
	Uganda	The continued instability in the north led to violations of the rights of some Acholi, an ethnic group that comprises a significant part of the population. (references)
Economic History	Qatar	Group Investment and Financial Est. (references)
	Zambia	The members of the group were never charged. (references)
	Dominican Republic	Haitians form the largest foreign minority group. (references)
Human Rights	Bangladesh	A Maoist group claimed responsibility. (references)
	Thailand	The Thai military reportedly separated 55 males from the group. (references)
	Zimbabwe	On June 21, a group of ZANU-PF youths threw stones at his house. (references)
Indigenous People	Guatemala	The culture of another very small ethnic group, the Xinca of southeastern Guatemala, was also in danger of extinction. (references)
	Philippines	The law requires a process of informed consultation and written consent by the indigenous group to allow mining on tribal lands. (references)
	Bangladesh	Some tribal people oppose the Peace Accord signed by Shantu Larma's group, and continue to demand full autonomy for the CHT tribals. (references)
Minorities	Guinea	No single ethnic group constitutes a majority nationwide. (references)
	Liberia	No ethnic group constitutes a majority of the population. (references)
	Albania	A small group of ethnic Montenegrins and Serbs live north of Shkoder. (references)
Political Economy	Cote D'ivoire	The RDR formed as a splinter group of the PDCI's reformist wing. (references)
	ALGERIA	One U.S. group and three European groups bid on the 2000 MW project. (references)
	Philippines	A large, armed Muslim separatist group operates mainly in parts of the south. (references)
Political Rights	Andorra	A local group won two seats. (references)
	Albania	Ethnic Greeks constitute the largest minority group. (references)
	Malaysia	In 1999, a group of NGO's formed an independent election watch organization. (references)
Trade	Finland	Sampo Group and Finnfund provide financing for overseas projects. (references)
	Guatemala	Products covered are a select group of high-value consumer-ready products. (references)
	Bulgaria	The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) is part of the World Bank Group. (references)
Travel	Japan	This type of group decision-making tends to be slower. (references)
	Japan	Gifts that can be shared among a group are appropriate. (references)
	Mexico	When meeting in a group, it is customary to shake hands with all upon arrival and departure. (references)
Women	Malawi	Male literacy in the same age group is approximately 45 percent. (references)
	Turkmenistan	One unofficial group to support battered women operates in Ashgabat. (references)
	Gambia	Marriages often are arranged and, depending on the ethnic group, polygyny is practiced. (references)
Worker Rights	Guatemala	Leaders of the group repeatedly threatened to kill some of the union leaders. (references)
	Brazil	Since its inception in 1995, the mobile group has liberated over 3,300 forced laborers. (references)
	India	Every 3 months the group attempts to meet with its Bangladeshi and Nepalese counterparts. (references)
Lexicography	Devil's Dictionary	PRESIDENT, n. The leading figure in a small group of men of whom -- and of whom only -- it is positively known that immense numbers of their countrymen did not want any of them for President. If that's an honor surely 'tis a greater To have been a simple and undamned spectator. Behold in me a man of mark and note Whom no elector e'er denied a vote! -- An undiscredited, unhooted gent Who might, for all we know, be President By acclimation. Cheer, ye varlets, cheer -- I'm passing with a wide and open ear! Jonathan Fomry
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Spoken Usage: Group

Speaker	Phrase(s)
Bill Maher	We are opening a new front in the war on terrorism. American troops are headed to the Philippines to disrupt a Muslim rebel group there and get them back to doing what they should be doing, making Nikes for Americans.
Dennis Miller	Hey, the majority of any group is law-abiding.
Donald Rumsfeld	Well, I've seen reports on it, and it happens almost every day. Somewhere across this globe a group of people, a cell, is being arrested and being interrogated, and we're connecting the dots.
Jack Hanna	Right, it's an odor they have to locate each other. The foxes live three or four in a group. And they're an animal that is still hunted for their coat and that type of thing.
Jim Morris	I'm doing inspirational speaking across the country right now. And as a matter of fact, I go to Hawaii tomorrow. I'll speak to a group there.
Joe Esposito	I keep in touch with Priscilla more. Lisa has her own little group of people. A younger crowd, they don't hang around us old guys.
Michael Chertoff	Nineteen airmen killed, a lot of local people were killed. It was not al Qaeda, it was Hezbollah, which is a separate group, although they sometimes work together.
Rush Limbaugh	The Sierra Club is a group of like-minded people who think America is rotten to the core and destroying the environment.
Tim McGraw	Studio musicians. Which are the great musicians, the best in the world. I wanted a sound that I could only get with my band. To me, this feels like a whole new career. It just feels like a new group.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Speeches: Group

Speaker	Term	Phrase(s)
Herbert C. Hoover	1929-1933	One civilization after another has been wrecked upon the attempt to secure sufficient leadership from a single group or class.
Harry S. Truman	1945-1953	But I believe our farmers are as deeply conscious as any group in the land of the havoc which inflation can create.
Jimmy Carter	1977-1981	Established a White House Working Group to assist in the implementation of the policy.
Ronald Reagan	1981-1989	Our concern must be for a special interest group that has been too long neglected.
George Bush	1989-1993	What a group of kids we've sent into the world.
Bill Clinton	1993-2001	As all of you know, I was just there with a bipartisan congressional group, and I was so proud not only of what our troops were doing, but of the pride they evidenced in what they were doing.
George W. Bush	2001-2005	Iraq could decide on any given day to provide a biological or chemical weapon to a terrorist group or individual terrorists.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Usage Frequency: Group

"Group" is generally used as a noun (common) -- approximately 98.76% of the time. "Group" is used about 41,503 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (common)	98.76%	40,987	200
Noun (singular)	0.79%	327	15,903
Lexical Verb (base form)	0.28%	116	29,969
Noun (proper)	0.15%	63	42,364
Lexical Verb (infinitive)	0.02%	10	111,207
Total	100.00%	41,503	N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

Usage in Company Names: Group

Country	Name	Country	Name
Australia	Arrowfield Group Limited	Belgium	Ariane Group
Canada	Canam Manac Group Incorporated	China	China Fangda Group Company Limited
Denmark	Brewery Group Denmark AS	Finland	Amer Group PLC
France	Entrelec Group S.A.	Germany	Eurag Holding AG, a consolidated member of the Deere & Company group
Greece	Ideal Group SA	Hong Kong	Allied Group Limited
	(more examples...)

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

Expressions: Group

Expressions using "group": a group of bits ♦ a group of islands ♦ abelian group ♦ abo blood group system ♦ abo group ♦ acetyl group ♦ acorn Computer Group ♦ Actinobacteria Group ♦ acyl group ♦ Adapid group ♦ affinity group charter ♦ affinity group fare ♦ aftn group ♦ age group ♦ air group ♦ Air Quality Expert Group ♦ alcohol group ♦ aldehyde group ♦ alkyl group ♦ allyl group ♦ ambulatory visit group ♦ amido group ♦ amphibious control group ♦ amphibious group ♦ amphibious transport group ♦ amphibole group ♦ animal group ♦ antisubmarine carrier group ♦ armed group ♦ army group ♦ arsenic group ♦ as a group ♦ attack group ♦ azido group ♦ azo group ♦ battle group ♦ beach group ♦ beat group ♦ benzoyl group ♦ benzyl group ♦ beta hemolytic streptococcus group B ♦ biological group ♦ blood group ♦ Blood Group Incompatibility ♦ Bloomsbury Group ♦ brigade group ♦ Bunyamwera Group Viruses ♦ business group ♦ cacodyl group ♦ Cairns Group ♦ California Group Viruses ♦ carbonyl group ♦ carboxyl group ♦ carboxylic group ♦ carrier air group ♦ change group ♦ chemical group ♦ circuit group reset acknowledgement message ♦ closed group charter ♦ code group ♦ Colorado group ♦ Combat Applications Group ♦ combined group accounts ♦ comet group ♦ command group ♦ common interest group fare ♦ commutating group ♦ commutative group ♦ conducted group ♦ Conference of Group Presidents ♦ Congo group ♦ consumer group ♦ control group ♦ cooperative group ♦ core group ♦ cultural group ♦ cyanide group ♦ cyano group ♦ Cyber Group Network ♦ Dakota group ♦ dance group ♦ desired group ♦ discussion group ♦ diversified group ♦ electoral group ♦ encounter group ♦ ethanoyl group ♦ ethnic group ♦ ethyl group ♦ European Working Group on Legionella Infections ♦ External Advisory Group ♦ fast information group ♦ feature group A ♦ feature group B ♦ fire support group ♦ focus group ♦ fringe group ♦ gartner Group ♦ Global Oscillation Network Group ♦ group 3 ♦ group 4. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "group": group-activity, group-administered, group-as-context, group-as-instrument, Group-b, group-based, group-buying, group-by-ear, group-by-visual, group-centredness, group-comparison, group-compatible, group-compliant, group-dwelling, group-firing, group-formation, Group-franche-manche, group-frequency, group-housing, group-hunting, group-identity, group-instigated, group-it, group-jeopardy, group-leaders, group-learning, group-led, group-life, group-listening, group-living, group-loyalties, group-mean, group-meetings, group-mindedness, group-occulting, group-occulting, group-of-seven, group-optimality, group-orientated, group-oriented, group-owned, group-race, group-relievable, group-selectionist, group-specific, group-standard, group-structured, group-structures, Group-Sweeping Scheduling, group-takers, group-teaching, group-the, group-theoretic, group-think, group-verb, group-wide, group-wise, group-work, group-workers, group-writing.
	Ending with "group": age-group, between-group, interest-group, inter-group, intra-group, kin-group, out-group, parallel-group, peer-group, play-group, pressure-group, re-group, small-group, study-group, sub-group, super-group, within-group, work-group.
	Containing "group": ABO Blood-Group System, blood-group determination, Duffy Blood-Group System, I Blood-Group System, inter-group communication, Kell Blood-Group System, Kidd Blood-Group System, Lewis Blood-Group System, Lutheran Blood-Group System, MNSs Blood-Group System, P Blood-Group System, Rh-Hr Blood-Group System.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Group

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Expression	Frequency per Day	Expression	Frequency per Day
yahoo group	28,121	sex group	375
group	21,582	group game	375
group sex	12,235	the carlyle group	371
msn group	9,665	group sex picture	367
kincaid opportunity group	6,162	eight group	364
blue man group	3,446	group jang	361
group health	1,791	cuckold group sex	354
vanguard group	1,644	group x	332
support group	1,086	group transcor	323
group tour	1,015	sutton group	315
the principal financial group	757	lesbian group	314
adult group yahoo	683	discussion group	311
google group	577	investor group	300
group health insurance	516	world financial group	298
focus group	490	free group sex pic	284
group home	423	united health group	267
free group sex	421	gartner group	266
adult group	399	group b strep	265
group cruise	384	jang group.com	264
farmer insurance group	376	music group	260
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Modern Translation: Group

Language		Translations for "group"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Afrikaans		groep, trop (are, bevy, cluster, collection, flock, heap, herd, pack, set), skool (are, bench, bevy, cluster, collection, heap, herd, pack, school, set), skare (accumulation, are, band, bevy, cluster, collection, crowd, gang, heap, herd, mass, multitude, pack, pile, set), kudde (are, bevy, cluster, collection, flock, heap, herd, pack, set), klomp (are, bevy, cluster, collection, heap, herd, pack, pile, set, stack). (various references)

Albanian		grup (array, batch, body, bracket, camp, clutch, cohort, colony, confederate, coterie, crowd, gang, groupment, lot, parcel, party, phalanx, platoon, squad, tally, team, troop, unit). (various references)

Arabic		‏زمرة (clan, clique, coterie, faction, knot, pack, party, squad), ‏رهط (band, troop), ‏ألف جزءا من جماعة, ‏الزمرة (junto), ‏المجموعة (cycle), ‏الفئة (bracket), ‏دفعة مجموعة, ‏صنف (article, assort, brand, categorize, category, class, classification, classify, compile, designate, digest, distinguish, distribute, grade, kind, label, pigeonhole, place, rank, rate, sort, species, stow, systematize, table, tabulate, type), جملة (crowd, sum), ‏سرب (bevy, drift, flock, herd, infiltrate, leak, swarm), ‏تجمع (aggregation, assemblage, assemble, collect, concentrate, concourse, congregation, converge, convergence, flock, gather, gathering, get together, grouping, huddle, league, mass, muster, organization, pile up, pool, press, rally, reassemble), ‏قطيع (drove, flock, herd, troop), ‏مجموعة (aggregate, aggregation, assemblage, association, band, battery, bloc, block, body, case, collection, combination, community, company, compilation, complex, gathering, list, pack, party, series, set, squad, suit, system, team, troop), ‏مفرزة (party, platoon), ‏فئة (category, class, denomination, division, grade, rate), ‏جماعة (association, band, body, clan, cluster, cohort, company, connection, connexion, corporation, drove, gaggle, gang, horde, order, troupe). (various references)

Bulgarian		свързвам елементи, радикал (radical, radicle), фракция (cave, faction, fraction, grouping), крило (faction, hand, penthouse, pinion, plane, wing), класифицирам (categorize, class, classify, distribute, grade, label, pigeonhole, range, rank, staple), клас (clan, class, classification, ear, form, grade, notion, range, rating), групов (sectional), група (assortment, band, bandwagon, batch, body, category, clan, cluster, cohort, crowd, gang, knot, party, series, set, society, squad, stirps, suite, troop), групировка (grouping, line up), групирам (assort, classify, cluster, regiment), образувам групи, дружина (outfit). (various references)

Chinese		隊 (pan with a long handle, squadron, team, weeding tool), 集團 (bloc), 群 (crowd, flock), 編 (arrange, compile, compose, edit, fabricate, organize, plait, weave, write), 組 (compose, cord, make up, to form, to organize), 社 (society), 團體 (organization, team), 團 (circular, regiment, round, society), 會 (accounting, association, be able to, be possible, can, to assemble, to balance an account, to gather, to meet, to see, union), 撥 (batch, to appropriate, to move, to poke, to push aside, to set aside, to stir), 派 (clique, faction, school, to dispatch), 幫 (gang, party, to assist, to help, to support), 小组, 大隊 (a large body of, production brigade). (various references)

Czech		skupina (band, batch, block, body, bracket, clump, company, gathering, head, order, party, section, team, unit), shromáždit se (assemble, collect, concentrate on smth., congregate, convene, crowd, flog together, gather, get together, rally, troop), seskupit se (troop up), kolektiv (collective, team). (various references)

Danish		gruppe (are, bevy, cluster, collection, heap, herd, pack, set). (various references)

Dutch		groep (are, bevy, cluster, collection, good great group, heap, herd, pack, set), groepering (good great group). (various references)

Esperanto		grupo, aro (are, bevy, collection, heap, herd, set, square decametre). (various references)

Faeroese		savn (are, bevy, cluster, collection, heap, herd, museum, pack, set), rúgva (are, bevy, cluster, collection, heap, herd, pack, pile, set, stack), hópur (accumulation, are, bevy, cluster, collection, crowd, heap, herd, lump, mass, multitude, pack, pile, set, swarm), flokkur (are, bevy, class, cluster, collection, faction, gang, heap, herd, pack, party, set, side, squad, swarm, troop, troupe, type), bólkur (gang, squad). (various references)

Farsi		گروه بندی کردن , گروه (A, Administration, Army, Assembly, Bunch, Class, Clinch, Clique, Cluster, Cohort, Company, Concourse, Corps, Covey, Crowd, Ensign, Flock, Gang, Kind, Outfit, Pack, Rout, School, Seaboard, Shoal, Skulk, Team, Throng), جمعیت (Army, Bike, Company, Crowd, Flock, Gang, Habitancy, Heap, Herd, Mob, Party, People, Population, Press, Society, Throng), جمع شدن (Aggregate, Assemble, Backlog, Beehive, Congregate, Constringe, Drift, Flock, Gather, Herd, Muster, Retract, Shrink, Snuggle, Twitch), انجمن (Assemblage, Assembly, Club, Community, Company, Congress, Convention, Convocation, Council, Guild, Institute, Moot, Order, Society), دسته دسته کردن (Regiment, Sort). (various references)

Finnish		ryhmä (body, category, clump, cluster, faction, squad). (various references)

French		groupe (Group o, group of companies, Group of the Greens European Free Alliance, grouping, political group, social group, social status group, word group), groupement (arrangement in groups, grouping), ensemble, bande. (various references)

Frisian		aksjebinde (action committee, action group). (various references)

German		gruppe (band, body, bracket, category, class, clique, clump, cluster, contingent, denomination, element group, gang, huddle, lot, pack, party, ring, section, set, squad, squadron, team, tern, wing), fraktion (coalition party, faction, fraction, party, side). (various references)

Greek		συγκρότημα (cluster, complex), ομάδα (bloc, pack, party, squad, team, troop), όμιλος (concern, pool, pooling arrangement), σύμπλεγμα (cluster, complex, ligature). (various references)

Hawaiian		grup. (various references)

Hebrew		מקבץ (grouping), לחלק לקבוצות, להקה (band, company, ensemble, troupe), להק (air squadron, band, formation), לסוג (assort, catalogue, categorize, class, classify, grade, label, sort, type), קבוץ (community, gathering, Ingathering, kibbutz), קבוצה (band, batch, category, squad, team), פלגה (company, detachment), אוגדה (division), אגודה (association, bundle, fascine, fellowship, package, society, sodality, troop), אגד (bunch, bundle, cluster, knot, tie), חטיבה (block, brigade, formation, regiment, unit), סיעה (faction, party). (various references)

Hungarian		csoport (band, bank, battery, bunch, clump, cluster, colony, company, covey, faction, gang, knot, number, platoon, posse, rating, team, troop, wing). (various references)

Icelandic		kynþáttur (clan, ethnic group, race, tribe). (various references)

Indonesian		golongan (class, faction), gerombolan (bunch, cluster, gang, troop), kelompok (batch, bevy, category, clique, shock), bilangan (amount, calculation, fate, numeral), badan (agency, board, body, corporation, torso). (various references)

Italian		gruppo (are, band, batch, bevy, bunch, clump, cluster, collection, corps, element group, family, heap, herd, knot, lobby, lot, pack, panel, party, set, square, stream, troop, unit). (various references)

Japanese Kanji		集団 (mass). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		ぞく (apprehension, burglar, customs, insurgent, manners, mark in dictionary indicating slang, mundane things, periodic table group, race, rebel, the laity, the world, thief, tribe, uneasiness, vulgarity, worldliness), なかま (associate, circle of friends, colleague, company, comrade, fellow, mate, partner), そうぐん, しゅうだん (mass), ぐんしゅう (crowd, mob, multitude, throng), ぐん (army, country, district, force, troops), くみ (bitter taste, bitterness, class, composition, set, team, typesetting), ぶるい (category, class, heading), ぶもん (branch, category, class, department, field, military family, samurai's lineage, warrior class), れん (company, party), むれ (bevy, clump, cluster, crowd, flock, herd, school, swarm), グループ , けい (about, approximately, beheading, incline, knight, lean, light, lineage, lord, penalty, plan, punishment, sentence, state minister, strong, system, ten quadrillion, thorn, thousand billion, time, toward, whip), はん (antagonism, anti-, antithesis, domain, edition, example, fiefdom, half, judgment, mediocrity, model, monogram signature, opposite, pan-, party, seal, section, stamp, trouble), だん (body, company, failure, flight of steps, grade, level, mandala, party, platform, podium, rank, rostrum, stair, step, troupe). (various references)

Korean		그룹. (various references)

Malagasy		andian-trano (group of houses). (various references)

Manx		possanaghey (grouping), possan (band, band of people, bevy, bunch, clique, colony, covey, detachment, ensemble, flock, formation of troops, gaggle, grouping, levy, party, posse, pride of lions, squad, swarm), griaght (drove, herd). (various references)

Norwegian		gruppere, gruppe (faction). (various references)

Papiamen		grupo (are, bevy, cluster, collection, heap, herd, pack, set), kuadria (are, bevy, cluster, collection, heap, herd, pack, set). (various references)

Pig Latin		oupgray.(various references)

Polish		grupa. (various references)

Portuguese		grupo (bevy, brood, bunch, cluster, cohort, collection, committee, crew, crowd, denomination, flock, gang, heap, herd, junta, junto, plump, series, team, tribe, troop, troupe). (various references)

Romanian		grupare (assortment, classification, phalanx), grupã (batch, squad), grup (band, bundle, clump, cluster, cohort, corps, Covey, crowd, faction, knot, pack, parcel, set), echipã (gang, relay, set, side, spell, squad, team), cârd (band, bevy, drove, flock, gang, herd, pack, shoal, troop), cãprãrie (herd), ceatã (band, cohort, drove, flock, gang, knot, order, pack, ring, rout, tribe, troop), colectiv (association, collective, common, personnel, staff, team), combina (arrange, blend, combine, compound, concoct, contrive, devise, hammer out, joint, match, mix, piece, put together, temper), adunãturã (amalgam, congeries, crowd, gathering, hash, heap, hodge-podge, hotchpotch, mishmash, mob, swarm, troop), detaşament (detachment, party, team), tabãrã (bivouac, camp, corral, encampment, hutment), lot (batch, lot, run), numãr (act, apartment, issue, licence, multitude, number, numeral, out size, part, rate, size, strength), pâlc (cluster, herd), companie (companionship, company, crowd, partnership, presence, society). (various references)

Russian		ярус (circle, horizon), система (apparatus, method, pattern, system, systems), радикал (grit, pinko, radical, sansculotte), групповой (multicast, run-length), группа (bank, bevy, bunch, clump, cluster, cohort, covey, encircling force, gang, lot, pack, packet, parcel, party, series, shapeup, team), группировка (grouping, groupment), группировать группа групповой, группировать, отдел (branch, department, division, division of), авиагруппа. (various references)

Scottish		prasgan, brasgan (a group), laoisg (a group). (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		grupni, grupisati (catenate, classify, cluster), grupa (band, bunch, clump, cluster, squad, suit, team, troop), skupina (agglomerate, aggregate), partija (party). (various references)

Spanish		grupo (are, band, bank, batch, bevy, block, bracket, bunch, camp, clump, cluster, collection, coterie, Covey, crowd, delegacy, delegation, gang, heap, herd, huddle, knot, lot, mob, outfit, pack, panel, parcel, party, posse, pride, raft, range, set, square decametre, team, tie, troop, troupe, unit). (various references)

Swedish		grupp (are, bevy, class, cluster, cohort, collection, contingent, crop, genus, heap, herd, knot, mob, pack, party, platoon, ring, section, set, squad, squadron). (various references)

Tagalog		pangkát, lípon. (various references)

Thai		กลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ (ethnic group), กลุ่มคนในพรรคการเมืองหรือองค์กรที่ชักจูงคนอื่นให้คล้อยตาม (ginger group). (various references)

Turkish		grup (band, batch, body, bunch, category, clan, class, clump, clutch, ensemble, gang, party, push, series, set). (various references)

Turkmen		toplum, topar (layer, stratum), tapgyr (party, round). (various references)

Ukrainian		угрупування (alignment, alinement), класифікувати (assort, categorize, class, classify, distribute, pigeonhole, rank, relegate, sort), групуватися (side), групувати (assort, bank, bracket), група (assemblage, batch, bracket, bunch, circle, class, cluster, gang, outfit, packet, set). (various references)

Vietnamese		gốc (coppice-clump, cradle, origin, principle, radical, sprang, spring, sprung). (various references)

Welsh		grw+p, twr (crowd, heap). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Ancestral Language Translations: Group

Language	Period	Translations
Latin	500 BCE-Modern	caterva, classe, classem, classes, classibus, classis, grex. (various references)
Italian	900-Modern	fascio, gruppo. (various references)
Old French	900-1400	liste. (various references)
French	1500-Modern	bloc, groupe. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Bible Trace: Group

Language	Date	Source	Luke Chapter 9, Verse 14
Greek (transliterated)	250 BC	Septuagint	Hsan gar wsei andreV pentakiscilioi eipen de proV touV maqhtaV autou kataklinate autouV klisiaV ana penthkonta
Latin	405	Vulgate	Erant autem fere viri quinque milia ait autem ad discipulos suos facite illos discumbere per convivia quinquagenos
Old English	990	West Saxon	þar wæron neah fif þusenda wera; þa cwæð he to his leorningcnihtun; Doþ þæt hig sitton. þurh gebeorscypas fiftegum.
Middle English	1395	Wyclif	And the men weren almost fyue thousynde. And he seide to hise disciplis, Make ye hem sitte to mete bi cumpanyes, a fifti to gidir.
Renaissance English	1526	Tyndale	And they were about a fyve thousand men. And he sayde to his disciples: Cause them to syt doune by fyfties in a company.
Jacobean English	1611	King James	For they were about five thousand men. And he said to his disciples, Make them sit down by fifties in a company.
Victorian English	1833	Webster	For they were about five thousand men. And he said to his disciples, Make them sit down by fifties in a company.
Basic English	1964	Ogden	For there were about five thousand men. And he said to his disciples, Make them be seated in groups, about fifty to a group.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Matched Bible Translations: Group

Language	Luke Chapter 9, Verse 14
Cebuano	Kay ang didto may mga lima ka libo ka mga lalaki. Ug siya miingon sa mga tinun-an, "Palingkora sila nga magpundokpundok, mga tagkalim-an ang matag-usa."
Chinese	那時、人數約有五千。耶穌對門徒說、叫他們一排一排的坐下、每排大約五十個人。
Croatian	A bijaše oko pet tisuæa muškaraca. Nato æe on svojim uèenicima: "Posjedajte ih po skupinama, otprilike po pedeset."
Danish	De vare nemlig omtrent fem Tusinde Mænd. Men han sagde til sine Disciple: "Lader dem sætte sig ned i Hobe, halvtredsindstyve i hver."
Dutch	Want er waren omtrent vijf duizend mannen. Doch Hij zeide tot Zijn discipelen: Doet hen nederzitten bij zaten, elk van vijftig.
Finnish	Sillä heitä oli noin viisituhatta miestä. Niin hän sanoi opetuslapsilleen: "Asettakaa heidät aterioimaan ruokakunnittain, noin viisikymmentä kuhunkin".
French	Or, il y avait environ cinq mille hommes. Jésus dit à ses disciples: Faites-les asseoir par rangées de cinquante.
Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama	Karena ada kira-kira lima ribu orang laki-laki banyaknya. Maka kata-Nya kepada murid-murid-Nya, "Suruhlah mereka itu duduk bertumpuk-tumpuk, kira-kira lima puluh orang setumpuk."
Italian	C'erano infatti circa cinquemila uomini. Egli disse ai discepoli: «Fateli sedere per gruppi di cinquanta».
Manx Gaelic	Son v'ad mysh queig thousane dooinney. As dooyrt eh rish e ostyllyn, Cur-jee orroo soie sheese, jeih as da-eed ayns sheshaght.
Maori	Me te mea ano e rima mano nga tane. Ka mea ia ki ana akonga, Meinga ratou kia noho, kia rima tekau ki te nohoanga.
Norwegian	For det var omkring fem tusen menn. Da sa han til sine disipler: La dem sette sig ned i lag på femti mann!
Portuguese	Pois eram cerca de cinco mil homens. Então disse a seus discípulos: Fazei-os reclinar-se em grupos de cerca de cinquenta cada um.
Rumanian	Wi erau aproape cinci mii de bqrbayi. Isus a zis ucenicilor Sqi: ,,Puneyi -i sq wadq jos kn cete de ckte cincizeci.``
Spanish	Porque eran como cinco mil hombres. Entonces dijo a sus discípulos: --Haced que se sienten en grupos de unos cincuenta cada uno.
Swedish	Där voro nämligen vid pass fem tusen män. Då sade han till sina lärjungar: "Låten dem lägga sig ned i matlag, femtio eller så omkring i vart."
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Derivations & Misspellings: Group

Derivations
	Words beginning with "group": groupable, grouped, grouper, groupers, groupie, groupies, grouping, groupings, groupoid, groupoids, groups, groupthink, groupthinks, groupuscule, groupuscules. (additional references)
	Words ending with "group": ingroup, intergroup, multigroup, newsgroup, outgroup, regroup, semigroup, subgroup, supergroup. (additional references)
	Words containing "group": ingroups, newsgroups, outgroups, regrouped, regrouping, regroups, semigroups, subgroups, supergroups, ungrouped. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Group" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Agroup, Broxup, Garoua, garoupa, Garoupe, Giroud, goep, gorp, goru, gorup, gouh, goup, gouw, gouz, greap, Grieux, groab, groak, groap, groik, groo, groob, grook, grool, groop, groopy, grop, groppo, Grosu, grou, groud, groul, groun, groupa, Groupb, groupe, groupo, groupy, grous, groux, gru, gruc, gruk, gruop, grup, grupo, grupp, grvous, Rokupa. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Rhyming with "Group"

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "group" (pronounced gruw"p)
4	g r uw" p	intergroup, regroup.
3	-r uw" p	croup, droop, drupe, troop, troupe.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Anagrams: Group

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "g-o-p-r-u"
	-1 letter: gorp, pour, prog, roup.
	-2 letters: gor, our, pro, pug, pur, rug, upo.
	-3 letters: go, op, or, up.
	Words containing the letters "g-o-p-r-u"
	+1 letter: groups, upgrow.
	+2 letters: grouped, grouper, groupie, grownup, gumdrop, ingroup, pirogue, pouring, prurigo, regroup, rouping, upgrown, upgrows.
	+3 letters: groupers, groupies, grouping, groupoid, grownups, gumdrops, ingroups, longspur, oppugner, outgroup, pirogues, plougher, postdrug, prologue, promulge, prorogue, prurigos, regroups, subgroup, superego, trouping, upgrowth, uropygia.
	+4 letters: autograph, groupable, groupings, groupoids, gunpowder, inpouring, longspurs, newsgroup, oppugners, outgroups, ploughers, posturing, pouringly, procuring, producing, prologued, prologues, promulged, promulges, propagule, prorogued, prorogues, purgation, purgatory, purposing, recouping, regrouped, repouring, semigroup, sprouting, subgroups, superegos, supergood, ungrouped, upgrowing, upgrowths, uprooting, uprousing, upsoaring, uropygium, vapouring.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern

5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Slideshow
7. Images: Photo Album
8. Images: Digital Art

9. Sounds
10. Quotations: Familiar
11. Quotations: Historic
12. Quotations: Fiction

13. Quotations: Non-fiction
14. Quotations: Spoken
15. Quotations: Speeches
16. Usage Frequency

17. Names: Company Usage
18. Expressions
19. Expressions: Internet
20. Translations: Modern

21. Translations: Ancient
22. Bible Trace
23. Abbreviations
24. Acronyms

25. Derivations
26. Rhymes
27. Anagrams
28. Bibliography

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.