Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Graphics |
GraphicsNoun1. Photographs or other visual representations in a printed publication; "the publisher was responsible for all the artwork in the book". 2. The drawings and photographs in the layout of a book. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "graphics" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1985. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
2D computer graphics are graphical images created with the aid of digital computers, in which two-dimensional visual techniques are employed. The term may also refer to the field of study or practice of two-dimensional computer graphics methods as a whole. 2D computer graphics typically do not involve the need for any kind of three-dimensional internal representation of objects or lighting characteristics in the computer; that field is customarily reserved for 3D computer graphics. Some primarily 2D software employs 3D techniques and concepts.
In 2D computer graphics, the computer screen may be considered as a canvas on which an image is drawn or composed. Several techniques exist for rendering 2D graphics on a computer screen; these may be broadly categorized into Raster graphics, in which a rectangular array of pixels is drawn to the screen, and Vector graphics, in which images are composed of mathematical representations of lines, curves, and other geometric shapes.
2D Graphics Hardware
Modern computer graphics card displays almost overwhelmingly use raster techniques, dividing the screen into a rectangular grid of pixels, due to the relatively low cost of raster-based video hardware as compared with vector graphic hardware. Most graphic hardware has internal support for blitting operations and sprite drawing.
2D Graphics Software
Many graphical user interfaces (GUIs), including Mac OS, Microsoft Windows, or the X Window System, are primarily based on 2D graphical concepts. Such software provides a visual environment for interacting with the computer, and commonly includes some form of window manager to aid the user in conceptually distinguishing between different applications. The user interface within individual software applications is typically 2D in nature as well, due in part to the fact that most common input devices, such as the mouse, are constrained to two dimensions of movement.
Another common software implementation of 2D graphics takes the form of paint and drawing programs. These may also be conceptually divided into the Raster and Vector models. Raster graphics software, such as The GIMP, Photoshop, and Paint Shop Pro, customarily provides a two-dimensional drawing surface, analogous to a sheet of paper or canvas, which can be colored with lines, shapes, pasted graphics, and a wide array of other 2D visual objects. Images are manipulated and stored as a rectangular array of colored pixels.
Vector drawing programs include Adobe Illustrator and Corel Draw. Such software utilizes concepts similar to the canvas and paint, but lines, shapes, and text are manipulated and stored as mathematical objects, rather than an array of pixels.
Graphics applications may often make use of both techniques in a complementary fashion; Photoshop and The GIMP, for example, include capabilities for drawing vector-based shapes, while Illustrator and CorelDRAW permit the inclusion of raster-based graphical elements.
Most early video games used only 2D graphics.
See also:
- Bit blit
- Logo programming language
- Macromedia Flash
- Postscript programming language
- Turtle graphics
- SVG
- Windowing system
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "2D computer graphics."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Computer graphics is the field of synthesising or augmenting imagery through digital means, for artistic, engineering, recreational or scientific purposes.
The first computer graphics were the output of text and numbers on electronic displays, though computer graphics today typically refers to creating images and not text. This field can be divided into two general areas: real-time rendering, and non real-time rendering. Development in computer graphics was first fueled by academic interests and government sponsorship. However, as real-world applications of computer graphics (CG) in broadcast television and movies proved a viable alternative to more traditional special effects and animation techniques, commercial parties have increasingly funded advances in the field.
It is often thought that the first feature film to use computer graphics was 2001: A Space Odyssey, which attempted to show how computers would be much more graphical in the future. However, all the "computer graphic" effects in that film were hand-drawn animation, and the special effects sequences were produced entirely with conventional optical and model effects.
Perhaps the first use of computer graphics specifically to illustrate computer graphics was in Futureworld (1976), which included an animation of a human face and hand - produced by Ed Catmull and Fred Parke at the University of Utah.
2D Computer Graphics
The first advance in computer graphics was in the use of CRTs to represent 2D computer graphics. (See this article.)
3D Computer Graphics
With the birth of the workstation computers (like LISP machines, paintbox computers and Silicon Graphics workstations) came the 3D computer graphics, based on vector or "wire-frame" representations of virtual objects.
Some major advances in 3D computer graphics since then have been:
; Flat shading: A technique that shades each polygon of an object based on the polygon's "normal" and the position and intensity of a light source. ; Gouraud shading: Invented by Henri Gouraud in 1971, a fast and resource-conscious vertex shading technique used to simulate smoothly shaded surfaces. ; Texture mapping: A technique for simulating a large amount of surface detail by mapping images (textures) onto polygons. ; Phong shading: Invented by Wu Tong Phong, used to simulate specular highlights and smooth shaded surfaces. ; Bump mapping: Invented by Jim Blinn, a normal-perturbation technique used to simulate wrinkled surfaces. ; Raytracing: A shading technique used to simulate reflection and transparency. ; Global illumination: Covering the techniques of Monte-Carlo gathering and Radiosity for simulating realistic light sources.
Several important topics in 2D and 3D graphics include:
- Color theory
- Raster graphics
- Vector graphics
- Geometric surface representations
- in particular, Bézier surfaces and polygons
- Material properties
- Image compression
- Animation
- Rendering
- Compositing
- Collision detection
- Projection
- 3D projection
- Hidden face removal
Toolkits and APIs
For an application relying heavily on computer graphics, the following could be useful:
- OpenGL
- DirectX
- GKS
- CGM
- PostScript
- X Window System
- Crystal Space
See also
- Graphics Processing Unit
- Computer-generated imagery
- Bresenham's line algorithm
- Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Computer graphics."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Graphic design is the applied art of arranging image and text to communicate a message. Applied in any media such as print, digital media, motion picture, animation, product decoration, packaging, signs, identities,etc. Graphic design as a practice can be traced back to the origin of the written word, but only in the late 19th century did it become identified as a separate entity.The compelling if somewhat obscure paintings in the caves of Lascaux, and the birth of written language in the third or fourth millennium BC, are both significant milestones in the history of graphic design.
The Book of Kells is a very beautiful and very early example of graphic design in a form that would be acceptable even today. The Book is a lavishly illustrated hand-written copy of the Christian Bible created by Irish monks in the ninth century AD.
Johann Gutenberg's introduction of movable type in Europe made books widely available. The earliest books produced by Gutenberg's press and others of the era (the Incunabula) became the benchmark by which the design of future books, even as late as the twentieth century, would be judged. Graphic design of this era is called either Old Style (especially the fonts which these early typographerss used), or Humanist, after the predominant philosophical school of the time.
Graphic design after Gutenberg saw a gradual evolution rather than any significant change, until the late 19th century when, especially in Britain, an effort was made to create a firm division between the fine and the applied arts.
William Morris' (1834-1896) Kelmscott Press published some of the most significant of the graphic design products of the Arts and Crafts movement, and made a very lucrative business of creating books of great stylistic refinement and selling them to the wealthy for a premium. Morris proved that a market existed for works of graphic design and helped pioneer the separation of design from production and from fine art. The work of the Kelmscott Press is characterized by its decadence and by its obsession with historical styles.
Modern Design of the early Twentieth Century, much like the fine art of the same period, was a reaction against the decadence of typography and design of the late Nineteenth Century. The hallmark of early modern typography is the sans-serif font. Early Modern (not to be confused with the other modern era of the 18th and 19th centuries) typographers such as Edward Johnston and Eric Gill after him were inspired by vernacular and industrial typography of the latter nineteenth century. The signage in the London Underground is a classic of this era and used a font designed by Edward Johnston in 1916.
Jan Tschichold codified the principles of modern typography in his 1928 book, New Typography. He later repudiated the philosophy he espoused in this book as being fascistic, but it remained very influential. Tschichold, Bauhaus typographers such as Herbert Bayer and Laszlo Moholy Nagy, and El Lissitzky are the fathers of graphic design as we know it today. They pioneered production techniques and stylistic devices used throughout the twentieth century. Today, the computer has altered production forever, but the experimental approach to design they pioneered is more relevant than ever -- the dynamism, the experimentation, and even very specific things like font choice (Helvetica has seen a recent revival, it was an early design based indirectly on 19th century industrial typography) and strict, orthoganal composition.
The following years saw graphic design in the modern style gain widespread acceptance and application, while it simultaneously stagnated. Notable names in mid-century modern design are Adrian Frutiger, designer of the fonts Univers and Frutiger; and Josef Muller-Brockman, who designed posters in a severe yet accessible manner typical of the 1950s and 1960s.
The reaction to the increasing severity of graphic design was slow but inexorable. The origins of post-modern typography can be traced back as far as the humanist movement of the 1950s. Notable among this group is Hermann Zapf who designed two fonts which remain ubiquitous -- Palatino (1948) and Optima (1952). By blurring the line between serif and sans-serif fonts and re-introducing organic lines into typography these designs did more to ratify modernism than they did to rebel.
An important point was reached in graphic design with the publishing of the First things first 1964 Manifesto which was a call to a more radical form of graphic design and criticised the ideas of value-free design. This was massively influencial on a generation of new graphic designers and contributed to the founding of magazines such as Emigre.
Another notable designer of the latter 20th century is Milton Glaser who designed the unmistakable I Love NY ad campaign (1973), and a famous Bob Dylan poster (1968). Glaser took stylistic hints from popular culture from the 60s and 70s.
Advances in the early Twentieth Century were largely inspired by technological advances in printing and also in photography. In the last decade of the same century, technology played a simliar role, but this time it was the computer, and at fist it was largely a step backwards. Zuzana Licko worked very early using computers for layout, in the days when computer memory was measured in kilobytes and fonts were created using dots rather than lines. Together with her husband Rudy Vanderlans they founded Emigre, the magazine and computer type foundry. They played with the extraordinary limitations of computers as something which, in itself, could provide creative freedom. Emigre became the bible for digital design as the technology rapidly advanced to the point where the advantages outweighed the disadvantages.
David Carson is, in a sense, the culmination of the movement against the restrictiveness of modern design -- some of his designs for Raygun magazine which he designed are intentitonally illegible, designed to be visual rather than literary experiences. He began his career working with paste-ups, in the traditional manner, but moved to computers quickly when he saw what they had become capable of.
Modern Graphic design has since evolved into a profession that is done almost entirely on computers. Common tools for this industry include computers, sketch pads, Adobe Photoshop, Macromedia Fireworks, Paint Shop Pro, Adobe Pagemaker, Quark XPress, and many other software programs. See also:
- Magazines
- Newspapers
- Web design
- List of graphic designers
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Graphic design."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
An image (from Latin imago) or picture is a visual reproduction of an object or a person, either by using optics (using a camera, mirror, refraction, telescope, microscope, etc.), or by artistic methods such as drawing or painting.See also:
In mathematics, an image is a value or set of values of a function. Specifically, let f be a function from the set X to the set Y. If a is an element of X, then its image under f is the value f(a). If A is a subset of X, then its image under f is defined to be f(A) := {f(a) : a in A}. Finally, the image of f itself is f(X), the same as the range of f. In religion, an image is an idol or icon. In philosophy, an image is a conception or idea. In Comics, Image is a publisher of such characters as Spawn. See Image Comics.
- Imaging
- Raster graphics
- Vector graphics
- Voyager Golden Record
- Disk image: a CR-ROM ISO image or floppy image. It´s a file that contains sector by sector what is in a CD-ROM or floppy.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Image."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Vector graphics describes the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and polygons to represent images in computer graphics. It is used by contrast to the term raster graphics, which is the representation of images as a collection of pixels (dots).
Virtually all current output devices must ultimately translate vector representations of an image to a raster format, but when working with vector graphics such a transformation is only done at the time the image is actually required and may be done completely differently depending on the device at which the rendering is to be targeted at. In the 1970's and 1980's, special vector graphics systems were available, in which the electron beam of the CRT display monitor was steered directly to trace out the shapes required. These systems allowed very high-resolution line art to be displayed without the (at the time) huge memory requirements that an equivalent-resolution raster system would have had. Vector plotters used in technical drafting still draw vectors directly to paper.
The term is mainly used in the context of two-dimensional graphics. Virtually all modern 3-d rendering is done using extensions of 2-d vector graphics techniques.
Motivation
For example, consider a circle of radius r. The main pieces of information a program needs in order to draw this circle are
There are two major advantages to this style of drawing over raster graphics. First, this minimal amount of information translates to a much smaller file size (the size of representation doesn't depend on the dimensions of the object).
- the radius r
- the location of the center point of the circle
- stroke line style
- fill style (possibly empty)
Second, the parameters of objects are stored and can be later modified. This means that moving, scaling, rotating, filling etc. doesn't degrade the quality of a drawing. Moreover, it is usual to specify the dimensions in device-independent units, which results in the best possible rasterization on raster devices.
Typical primitive objects
This list is not complete. There are various types of curves (Catmull-Rom splines, NURBS etc.), which are useful in certain applications.
- lines and polylines
- polygons
- circles and ellipses
- Bézier curves
- Bezigons
- Text
Often, a bitmap image is considered as a primitive object. From the conceptual view, it behaves as a rectangle.
Vector operations
Vector graphics editors typically allow to rotate, move, mirror, stretch, skew, generally perform affine transformations of objects, change z-order and combine the primitives into more complex objects.
More sofisticated transformations include boolean operations on closed shapes (union, difference, intersection...)
Vector graphics are ideal for simple or composite drawings that need to be device independent or do not need to achieve photo-realism. For example, the PostScript and PDF page description languages use a vector graphics model.
3D modelling
In 3D computer graphics, vectorized surface representations are most common (bitmaps are used only as height-field data). At the low-end, simple meshes of polygons are used to represent geometric detail in applications where interactive frame-rates or simplicity are important. At the high-end, where one is willing to trade-off higher rendering times for increased image quality and precision, smooth surface representations such as Bézier patches, NURBS or Subdivision surfaces are used.
See also
Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials, graphics program, vector graphics editor, graphics file format
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Vector graphics."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| GRADD | English | GRaphics Adapter Device Driver | Computer - (OS/2, IBM) |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: GraphicsSynonyms: art (n), artwork (n), nontextual matter (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Painting | Photography, heliography, color photography; sun painting; graphics, computer graphics. |
Representation | Picture, photo, photograph, daguerreotype, snapshot; X-ray photo; movie film, movie; tracing, scan, TV image, video image, image file, graphics, computer graphics, televideo, closed-circuit TVerb: |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Improved graphics. Better storyline (Scream 2; writing credit: Kevin Williamson) The newsroom and the offices, editing, graphics, engineering, sound (Sports Night; writing credit: Tom Brady; Kevin Falls) | |
Clever | Adult Education Topic: Health watch: Bringing her flowers is not harmful to your health. Graphics and audio tape. (references; author: unknown) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books | |||
Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | This image depicts adenovirus. Computer graphics are made by utilizing data fed into a computer. This data may consist of chemical weights and measures and the structure of specific elements. A three-dimensional image can be made so one can visualize an otherwise minute structure. Credit: Dr. Richard Feldmann (photographer). |  | This is an RNA molecule. Computer graphics are made by utilizing data fed into a computer. Data may be weights and measures, and structure to make up a three-dimensional image so one can visualize an otherwise minute structure. Credit: Dr. Richard Feldmann (photographer). |
 | National Condom Week : Keep a rubber on hand. / Poster Design/Concept: David Smith Graphics. Photo: Fred Lyon. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | The Family / graphics, Su Negrin. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Get behind the movement : go with original graphics. Credit: Library of Congress. | ||
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Sun flower detail" by Adam Kurzok Commentary: "Sun flower detail great for web graphics...free to use, just click www.creactive.cz." | "Pictures" by Lucian Binder Commentary: "Thats a corner of my living room. i like old pictures and graphics, and i buy them from the flu market." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | The video features graphics, a simple discussion of genetics, and interviews with adolescents. (references) | |
Business | Packaged software covers operating systems, programming utilities, graphics, business, education, games, and CAD/CAM products. (references) | |
Non-metric measuring units, poor translations and/or graphics often inappropriately address European cultural differences with North America. (references) | ||
For ratios where there are large deviations between the firm and the benchmarks, graphics are provided (sometimes referred to as a "gap" analysis). (references) | ||
Economic History | Australia | In the corporate web authoring space, good quality graphics packages are still heavily in demand. (references) |
Australia | These include non-commercial web authoring packages (of which Front Page is a clear leader), graphics packages, diagnostics tools and reference titles. (references) | |
Cyprus | U.S. firms are mainly engaged in the regional marketing of computers, computer graphics, telecommunications, printing equipment, household products, and soft drinks. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Graphics" is generally used as a noun (common) -- approximately 99.66% of the time. "Graphics" is used about 2,035 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (common) | 99.66% | 2,028 | 4,262 |
| Noun (plural) | 0.34% | 7 | 133,076 |
| Total | 100.00% | 2,035 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| India | PENTAMEDIA GRAPHICS LTD | Japan | ARGO GRAPHICS Inc. |
| USA | Applied Graphics Technologies Inc | ||
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "graphics": accelerated Graphics Port ♦ agp graphics ♦ ascii graphics ♦ block graphics ♦ character graphics ♦ color Graphics Adapter ♦ computer graphics ♦ computer Graphics Metafile ♦ coordinate graphics ♦ enhanced Graphics Adapter ♦ extended Graphics Array ♦ extended Video Graphics Array ♦ generative computer graphics ♦ graphics accelerator ♦ graphics adapter ♦ graphics adaptor ♦ graphics card ♦ graphics coder ♦ graphics display ♦ graphics encoder ♦ graphics Interchange Format ♦ graphics Interface Format ♦ graphics Language Object System ♦ graphics mode ♦ graphics spreadsheet ♦ Harvard Graphics ♦ initial graphics exchange specification ♦ line graphics ♦ mosaic graphics ♦ open Graphics Library ♦ portable Network Graphics ♦ professional Graphics Adapter ♦ programmers Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System ♦ raster graphics ♦ scalable Vector Graphics ♦ super Video Graphics Adapter ♦ super Video Graphics Adaptor ♦ super video graphics array ♦ synchronous Graphics RAM ♦ synchronous Graphics Random Access Memory ♦ systolic array graphics engine ♦ Targa Graphics Adaptor ♦ variational Graphics eXtended ♦ vector graphics ♦ video Graphics Adapter ♦ video Graphics Adaptor ♦ video Graphics Array. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "graphics": graphics-based, graphics-capable, graphics-intensive, graphics-oriented. | |
Ending with "graphics": computer-graphics. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
graphics.com intense | 4 |
graphics.com interlude | 4 |
esko graphics.com | 4 |
graphics.com mango nellie | 2 |
graphics.com useless | 2 |
graphics.com s stacee | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "graphics"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | grafikë (draftsmanship, draughtsmanship). (various references) | |
Arabic | فن الرسم الرياضى, فن الرسم البياني. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | чертане (description, drafting, drawing, protraction, tracing), номограми, изобразителни изкуства (graphic arts). (various references) | |
Chinese | 图表 (Diagrammatic, diagrammatical, graph, graphic). (various references) | |
Czech | grafika (graphic arts), grafické postupy. (various references) | |
Danish | generativ datamatgrafik (generative computer graphics, picture synthesis), generationssprog (application generator, end-user system, EUS.The principal elements are:query language, Fourth-Generation language, fourth-generation software, graphics generator and plan language, report generator), grafikkodning (graphics coding), grafikkodningsenhed (graphics coder, graphics encoder), grafikskærm (graphics display), grafisk EDB (computer graphics, electronic imaging), generationsprogrammel (application generator, end-user system, EUS.The principal elements are:query language, Fourth-Generation language, fourth-generation software, graphics generator and plan language, report generator), mosaikgrafik (block graphics, mosaic graphics, pictorial characters), SAGE (SAGE, systolic array graphics engine), tablet (compressed good, data tablet, digitizer, graphics tablet, pressed good, prill, tablet), super VGA (super VGA, super video graphics array, SVGA), billedgenerering (generative computer graphics, picture synthesis), edb-grafik (computer graphics), digitaliseringsplade (data tablet, digitizer, graphics tablet), digitaliseringsbord (data tablet, digitizer, graphics tablet), datamatgrafik (computer graphics, electronic imaging), computergrafik (computer graphics), bitmap-grafik (bit-map graphics, frame-store graphics), billedsyntese (generative computer graphics, picture synthesis). (various references) | |
Dutch | grafische kunst (graphic arts), grafiek (graphic arts). (various references) | |
Esperanto | grafiko (graphic arts). (various references) | |
Finnish | graafinen merkistö (graphics set), graafinen näyttö (graphics display), grafiikan koodaus (graphics coding), grafiikkakoodain (graphics coder, graphics encoder), grafiikkakooderi (graphics coder, graphics encoder), mosaiikkigrafiikka (block graphics, mosaic graphics, pictorial characters), el! (falling cloud, focal depth, palmetto, super VGA, super video graphics array, SVGA, wicking), bittikarttagrafiikka (bit-map graphics, frame-store graphics), kuvasynteesi (generative computer graphics, picture synthesis), vektorigrafiikka (vector graphics, vector scanning), neljännen sukupolven kieli (application generator, end-user system, EUS.The principal elements are:query language, Fourth-Generation language, fourth-generation software, graphics generator and plan language, report generator), rasterigrafiikka (raster graphics), sukupolven kieli (application generator, end-user system, EUS.The principal elements are:query language, Fourth-Generation language, fourth-generation software, graphics generator and plan language, report generator), SVGA (super VGA, super video graphics array, SVGA), systolinen vektorigrafiikkakone (SAGE, systolic array graphics engine), tietokonegrafiikka (computer graphics, electronic imaging), koordinaattigrafiikka (coordinate graphics, line graphics). (various references) | |
French | graphique (graph, graphic, graphical). (various references) | |
Frisian | grafyk (graphic arts). (various references) | |
German | graphische Kunst (graphic art, graphic arts), Graphik (graphic, graphic arts), Grafiken. (various references) | |
Greek | γραφικά (graphically). (various references) | |
Hebrew | התקנת מודעות, גרפיקה. (various references) | |
Hungarian | grafika (art work, graphic, graphic arts). (various references) | |
Italian | grafica. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 図学 , グラビア印刷 (graffiti, graph, graphic, graphic arts, graphic design, graphic designer, graphic display, graphic equalizer, graphical, graphical interface, graph-matching, photogravure). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ずがく, グラフィックス , グラフィクス . (various references) | |
Korean | 도표 (Chart, Diagram, graph, graphic). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | aphicsgray.(various references) | |
Portuguese | grficos, gráficos, gráfico (chart, diagram, graphic, graphic arts, spread sheet), desenhos, artes grficas. (various references) | |
Romanian | graficã, diagramare, arte grafice. (various references) | |
Russian | составление чертежей, графика графический, проектирование (construction of the project, design, design engineering, designing, engineering). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | grafika (etching, graphic arts). (various references) | |
Spanish | gráficos, gráfica (graph), dibujos, artes gráficas (graphic arts). (various references) | |
Swedish | grafik (graphic, graphic arts, prints). (various references) | |
Turkish | grafik sanatı (commercial art, graphic arts), yazı sanatları, teknik çizim. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | складання графіків, проектування (designing, planning, projection). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words ending with "graphics": demographics, micrographics, reprographics, supergraphics. (additional references) | |
| |
"Graphics" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: ghradhich, grafic, grafics, Grafix, grahpics, graphica, graphice, graphicus, graphicy, graphis, grapic, gryphons, gryphus. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "graphics" (pronounced gra"fiks) |
| 7 | g r a" f i k s | demographics, micrographics, reprographics. |
| 5 | -a" f i k s | affix. |
| 4 | -f i k s | hieroglyphics, prefix, specifics, suffix. |
| 3 | -i k s | academics, acoustics, acrobatics, acrylics, aerobatics, aerobics, aerodynamics, aeronautics, aesthetics, alcoholics, analgesics, analytics, anesthetics, anorexics, antibiotics, antics, apparatchiks, appendix, asthmatics, astronautics, astrophysics, athletics, atmospherics, attics, automatics, avionics, ballistics, basics, batiks, beatniks, bioethics, biologics, biophysics, bishoprics, calisthenics, Calix, calyx, catholics, ceramics, cervix, characteristics, charismatics, civics, classics, clerics, clinics, comics, conics, cosmetics, Criminalistics, critics, cynics, diabetics, diagnostics, diuretics, domestics, dynamics, eccentrics, econometrics, economics, electrics, electrodynamics, electronics, epics, epidemics, ergonomics, ethics, ethnics, eugenics, exotics, fabrics, fanatics, forensics, generics, genetics, geometrics, geopolitics, geriatrics, gimmicks, gymnastics, harmonics, helix, hemodynamics, heroics, histrionics, hydraulics, hypnotics, hysterics, informatics, ionics, italics, kibbutzniks, kinetics, limericks, linguistics, logistics, lyrics, macroeconomics, Magnetics, mathematics, matrix, mavericks, mechanics, medics, metaphysics, metrics, microeconomics, microelectronics, mimics, mnemonics, mosaics, mystics, narcotics, Nucleonics, numismatics, obstetrics, onomastics, onyx, optics, orthodontics, oryx, panics, paramedics, Pediatrics, Phenix, Phoenix, phonetics, phonics, photovoltaics, physics, plastics, polemics, prosthetics, psychics, publics, pyrotechnics, refuseniks, relics, republics, robotics, romantics, semantics, semiotics, skeptics, sonics, sputniks, statistics, stoics, synthetics, systematics, tactics, Technics, tectonics, theatrics, therapeutics, thermoplastics, tonics, topics, toxics, tropics, workaholics. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-g-h-i-p-r-s" | |
-1 letter: graphic, scraigh. | |
-2 letters: capris, chairs, chirps, cigars, garish, graphs, parish, phasic, rachis, raphis, scarph. | |
-3 letters: aphis, apish, aspic, caphs, carpi, carps, chair, chaps, chars, chias, chips, chirp, cigar, crags, craps, crash, crisp, girsh, graph, grasp, grips, hairs, harps, pairs, parch, paris, picas, prigs, ragis, scarp, scrag, scrap, scrip, sharp, spahi, spica, sprag, sprig. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-g-h-i-p-r-s" | |
+1 letter: scarphing. | |
+2 letters: graphemics, purchasing, sarcophagi. | |
+3 letters: discography, graphicness, hypogastric, micrographs, microphages, pictographs. | |
+4 letters: agoraphobics, archipelagos, cacographies, cardiographs, cheeseparing, coprophagies, cosmographic, demographics, discographer, discographic, oscillograph, predischarge, repurchasing, scenographic, scintigraphy, stenographic. | |
+5 letters: archipelagoes, calligraphers, calligraphies, calligraphist, cartographies, cheeseparings, chirographers, chirographies, chorographies, cosmographies, discographers, discographies, graphicnesses, iconographers, iconographies, micrographics, oscillographs, oscillography, physiographic, pictographies, predischarged, predischarges, prepurchasing, reprographics, scenographies, scintigraphic, seismographic, sharecropping, stereographic, stratigraphic, supercharging, supergraphics. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Usage Frequency 11. Names: Company Usage 12. Expressions | 13. Expressions: Internet 14. Translations: Modern 15. Abbreviations 16. Acronyms | 17. Derivations 18. Rhymes 19. Anagrams 20. Bibliography |
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