Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Glycerine |
GlycerineNoun1. A sweet syrupy trihydroxy alcohol obtained by saponification of fats and oils. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "glycerine" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1868. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Food & Agriculture | A tri-hydric alcohol formed from sugar during the fermentation of grape juice to wine. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Glycerine, Glycerin or Glycerol (C3H8O3) is an alcohol (hence the name glycerol) with three hydroxyl groups (OH):
H H H CH2-OH | | | | H---C---C---C---H or CH-OH | | | | OH OH OH CH2-OHOther synonyms of glycerine are 1,2,3-propanetriol; D-glycerol; L-glycerol; 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane; glyceritol; glycyl alcohol; trihydroxypropane; Glycerin mist; Polyhydric alcohols; Propanetriol
Properties
In its common liquid form, glycerol is nonpoisonous, colorless, odorless and sweet tasting and has a high viscosity.
Glycerin is soluble in water, because of the three hydrophilic hydroxyl groups (OH).
Glycerine and triglycerids
Glycerine is an important component of fat and vegoil molecules and phospholipids. A byproduct of saponification and transesterification to obtain biodiesel, this is produced by hydrolysis of three ester linkages and loss of three equivalents of fatty acid from fat or biological oil.
Fats and oils are insoluble in water, because the OH groups of glycerine are replaced by ester groups. They are hydrophobic (see also solubility of alcohol in water).
Glycerine and biodiesel
As a byproduct of biodiesel production, each of the OH sites in CH2-OH--CH-OH--CH2-OH is one of the three places where an ester is broken off the triglyceride molecule.
See: transesterification.
Purification
Like biodiesel by-product, the purification of the lower glycerine phase involves: neutralisation, separation of unreacted methanol, dilution with wash liquid stream coming from methylester washing, splitting of soaps and final concentration up to 80%. Partially refined glycerine can be delivered as such to specialized distillers.
Feedstock pre-treatment and upgrading of glycerine to pharmaceutical grade (>99,7%) can be optionally implemented within the biodiesel factory itself.
Applications
Glycerine is a component of glycerine soap, which is made from denatured alcohol, glycerine, sodium castorate (from castor), sodium cocoate, sodium tallowate, sucrose, water and parfum (fragance). Sometimes one adds sodium laureth sulfate. This kind of soap is used by people with sensitive, easily irritated skin, contains no detergents. and prevents skin dryness with its moisturizing properties.
- DRUGS:
- Used in medical and pharmaceutical preparations, mainly as a means of improving smoothness, provide lubrication and humectant.
- Suppositories, cough syrups, elixirs and expectorants.
- PERSONAL CARE:
- Serves as a humectant, solvent and lubricant in personal care products
- Competes with sorbital although glycerine has better taste and higher solubility.
- Toothpaste, mouthwashes, skin care products, hair care products and soaps
Use a mixture of one part glycerin to two parts water. Place the mixture in a flat pan, and totally submerge the leaves in a single layer in the liquid. You'll have to weight them down to keep them submerged. In two to six days, they should have absorbed the liquid and be soft and pliable. Remove them from the pan and wipe off all the liquid with a soft cloth. Done correctly, the leaves will remain soft and pliable indefinitely.
- FOODS AND BEVERAGES:
- Serves as humectant, solvent and sweetener, may help preserve foods.
- Solvent for flavors (such as vanilla) and food coloring.
- Humectant and softening agent in candy, cakes and casings for meats and cheeses.
- Manufacture of mono- and di-glycerides for use as emulsifiers.
- Used in manufacture of polyglycerol esters going into shortenings and margarine.
- Used as filler in low-fat food products (i.e., cookies).
- POLYETHER POLYOLS:
- One of the major raw materials for the manufacture of polyols for flexible foams, and to a lesser extent rigid polyurethane foams
- Glycerine is the initiator to which propylene oxide/ethylene oxide is added
- ALKYD RESINS (PLASTICS) AND CELLOPHANE :
- Used in surface coatings and paints
- Used as a softener and plasticizer to impart flexibility, pliability and toughness
- Uses include meat casings, collagen casings (medical applications)and nonmeat packaging
- Plasticizer in cellophane.
- ABSOLUTE ALCOHOL:
- There is an absolute alcohol production process by dehydration using glycerine.
- OTHER:
- Manufacture of paper as a plasticizer, humectant and lubricant
- Humectant for pet foods to retain moisture and enhance palatability
- Used in lubricating, sizing and softening of yarn and fabric
- Used in de-/anti-icing fluids
- Patent applications have been filed for detergent softeners and surfactants based on glycerine (i.e., alkyl glyceryl ethers) instead of quaternary ammonium compounds.
- A way to preserve the leaves is to submerge them in a solution of glycerin and water.
See also : oleochemicals.
External links
Glycerine is also the title of a single from the album Sixteen Stone by the band Bush.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Glycerine."
Synonyms: GlycerineSynonyms: glycerin (n), glycerol (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Lubrication | Synovia; glycerine, oil, lubricating oil, grease; saliva; lather. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Glycerine |
| Specialty definitions using "glycerine": INSTRUCTOR, DECORATING ♦ KETTLE WORKER ♦ LYE TREATER ♦ NITROGLYCERIN SUPERVISOR ♦ SUPPOSITORY-MOLDING-MACHINE OPERATOR. (references) |
| Domain | Title |
References | |
Books | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Glycerine" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Glycerine" is used about 31 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 31 | 62,296 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "glycerine": glycerine-enriched. | |
Ending with "glycerine": nitro-glycerine. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "glycerine"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | glicerinë (glycerin, glycerol). (various references) | |
Arabic | غليسريني, سائل كيماوي, الغليسيرين. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | глицерин (glycerin, glycerol). (various references) | |
Chinese | 甘油 (Glycerin). (various references) | |
Czech | glycerín (glycerin). (various references) | |
Danish | glycerin (CH2OH), CHOH, glycerol(CH2OH). (various references) | |
Dutch | glycerol (CH2OH), CHOH, glycerin, glycerol, glycerol(CH2OH), glycerine (CH2OH), CHOH, glycerin, glycerol, glycerol(CH2OH), E 422 (CH2OH), CHOH, glycerol(CH2OH). (various references) | |
Finnish | glyseriini (CH2OH), CHOH, E 422, glycerol(CH2OH). (various references) | |
French | glycérine (glycerin). (various references) | |
German | Glycerin CH2OH (CH2OH), CHOH, E 422, glycerol(CH2OH), E 422 (CH2OH), CHOH, E 422, glycerol(CH2OH), CHOH (CH2OH), CHOH, E 422, glycerol(CH2OH), CH2OH (CH2OH), CHOH, E 422, glycerol(CH2OH). (various references) | |
Greek | γλυκερίνη (glycerin). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מתקית, גליצרין. (various references) | |
Hungarian | glicerin (glycerol). (various references) | |
Indonesian | gliserin. (various references) | |
Italian | glicerina(CH2OH (CH2OH), CHOH, E 422, glycerol(CH2OH), glicerina (glycerin, glycerol), glicerile (glycerol), E 422 (CH2OH), CHOH, E 422, glycerol(CH2OH), CHOH (CH2OH), CHOH, E 422, glycerol(CH2OH). (various references) | |
Korean | 글리세린 (Glycerin). (various references) | |
Manx | glisreen. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ycerineglay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | glicerina (glycerin). (various references) | |
Romanian | glicerinã (glycerin). (various references) | |
Russian | глицерин (glycerin). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | glicerin (glycerin). (various references) | |
Spanish | glicerina (glycerin, glycerol). (various references) | |
Swedish | glycerol (glycerol). (various references) | |
Turkish | gliserin (glycerin, glycerol). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | гліцерин (glycerin, glycerol). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "glycerine": glycerines. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "glycerine": nitroglycerine. (additional references) | |
Words containing "glycerine": nitroglycerines. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "c-e-e-g-i-l-n-r-y" | |
-1 letter: creeling, glycerin. | |
-2 letters: clinger, cringle, generic, glycine, greenly, leering, recline, reeling, regency, relying. | |
-3 letters: ceiler, celery, cering, clergy, clingy, crenel, cringe, crying, eerily, energy, eyeing, glycin, greeny, gyrene, lierne, linger, nicely, reline, yeelin. | |
-4 letters: cline, cling, creel, elegy, eying, eyrie, genic, genie, genre, girly, green, ingle, leery, leger, liege, liger, liner, liney, lingy, lycee. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-e-e-g-i-l-n-r-y" | |
+1 letter: glycerines. | |
+2 letters: generically, glycerinate, rejectingly. | |
+3 letters: belligerency, decreasingly, electrifying, glycerinated, glycerinates. | |
+4 letters: allergenicity, deprecatingly, electrolyzing, electrotyping, energetically, monoglyceride. | |
+5 letters: acceleratingly, adrenergically, depreciatingly, egocentrically, estrogenically, geocentrically, hypervigilance, hypoallergenic, laryngectomies, monoglycerides, neurogenically, nitroglycerine. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
