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Definition: Glass |
GlassNoun1. A brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure. 2. A glass container for holding liquids while drinking. 3. The quantity a glass will hold. 4. A small refracting telescope. 5. A mirror; usually a ladies' dressing mirror. 6. Glassware collectively; "She collected old glass". Verb1. Furnish with glass, as of a window. 2. Scan with binoculars, as for game in the forest. 3. Enclose with glass; "glass in a porch". 4. Put in a glass container. 5. Become glassy; of eyes; "Her eyes glaze over when she is bored". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "glass" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Glass n. [IBM] Synonym for silicon. Source: Jargon File. |
Bible | Glass was known to the Egyptians at a very early period of their national history, at least B.C. 1500. Various articles both useful and ornamental were made of it, as bottles, vases, etc. A glass bottle with the name of Sargon on it was found among the ruins of the north-west palace of Nimroud. The Hebrew word _zekukith_ (Job 28:17), rendered in the Authorized Version "crystal," is rightly rendered in the Revised Version "glass." This is the only allusion to glass found in the Old Testament. It is referred to in the New Testament in Rev. 4:6; 15:2; 21:18, 21. In Job 37:18, the word rendered "looking-glass" is in the Revised Version properly rendered "mirror," formed, i.e., of some metal. (Comp. Ex. 38:8: "looking-glasses" are brazen mirrors, R.V.). A mirror is referred to also in James 1:23. Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Chemical Industry | An inorganic product of fusion which has cooled to a rigid condition without crystallizing. Source: European Union. (references) |
Dream Interpretation | To dream that you are looking through glass, denotes that bitter disappointments will cloud your brightest hopes. To see your image in a mirror, foretells unfaithfulness and neglect in marriage, and fruitless speculations. To see another face with your own in a mirror indicates that you are leading a double life. You will deceive your friends. To break a mirror, portends an early and accidental death. To break glass dishes, or windows, foretells the unfavorable termination to enterprises. To receive cut glass, denotes that you will be admired for your brilliancy and talent. To make presents of cut glass ornaments, signifies that you will fail in your undertakings. For a woman to see her lover in a mirror, denotes that she will have cause to institute a breach of promise suit. For a married woman to see her husband in a mirror, is a warning that she will have cause to feel anxiety for her happiness and honor. To look clearly through a glass window, you will have employment, but will have to work subordinately. If the glass is clouded, you will be unfortunately situated. If a woman sees men, other than husband or lover, in a looking glass, she will be discovered in some indiscreet affair which will be humiliating to her and a source of worry to her relations. For a man to dream of seeing strange women in a mirror, he will ruin his health and business by foolish attachments. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Geological | Natural glass (obsidian) that forms when molten lava cools too rapidly to permit crystal growth. (volcanic). (references) |
Literature | Glass is from the Celtic glas (bluish-green), the colour produced by the woad employed by the ancient Britons in dyeing their bodies. Pliny calls it glastrum, and Cæsar vitrum. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Mining | A. A state of matter intermediate between the close-packed, highly ordered array of a crystal and the poorly packed, highly disordered array of a gas. Most glasses are supercooled liquids, i.e., are metastable, but there is no true break in the change in properties between the metastable and stable states. The distinction between glass and liquid is made solely on the basis of viscosity, and is not necessarily related, except indirectly, to the difference between metastable and stable states b. An amorphous product of the rapid cooling of a magma. It may constitute the whole rock (e.g., obsidian) or only part of a groundmass.CF:volcanic glass i.e., are metastable, but there is no true break in the change in properties between the metastable and stable states. The distinction between glass and liquid is made solely on the basis of viscosity, and is not necessarily related, except indirectly, to the difference between metastable and stable states. (references) |
Slang | Noun. Source: They are made from blown glass. Definition: A device used to smoke pot ouy of. Context: On the lot before a Phish show or amoung friends who all smoke pot. Social Source: Phish fans. Source: Compiled by The University of Oregon. (additional references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Glass is a material (see below) and a drinking vessel made of this material.
Glass is a transparent, relatively strong, hard-wearing, essentially inert, and biologically inactive material which can be formed with very smooth and impervious surfaces. These desirable properties lead to the very many uses of glass.
Glasses are uniform amorphous solid materials, usually produced when a suitably viscous molten material cools very rapidly, thereby not giving enough time for a regular crystal lattice to form.
Common glass is mostly amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2), which is the same chemical compound as quartz, or in its polycrystalline form, sand. Pure silica has a melting point of about 2000 Celsius, so two other substances are always added to the sand in the glass-making process. One is soda (sodium carbonate Na2CO3), or potash, the equivalent potassium compound, which lowers the melting point to about 1000 Celsius. However, the soda makes the glass soluble, which is obviously unhelpful, so lime (calcium oxide, CaO) is the third component, added to restore insolubility.
One of the most obvious characteristics of glass is that it is transparent to visible light. This transparency is due to the fact that there are no atomic line transition states with the energy of visible light in the material that makes up glass. Extremely pure glass can be made so transparent that hundreds of kilometers of glass can be 'seen through' at infrared wavelengths in fibre optic cables.
Most common glass has other ingredients added to change its properties. Leaded glass is more brilliant, because of its increased refractive index, while boron may be added to change the thermal and electrical properties, as in Pyrex. Adding barium will also increase the refractive index, and cerium is used in glass that absorbs infrared energy. Other metal oxides are added to change the color. Additional Soda or potash is sometimes added to further lower the melting point, and manganese can be added to remove unwanted colors.
Glass is sometimes created naturally from volcanic flows in the form of obsidian.
History of glass
Naturally occurring glass, such as obsidian, has been used since the stone age. The first documented glass making is in Egypt around 2000 BC glass was first used as a glaze for pottery and other items. In the first century BC the technique of blowing glass was developed and what had once been an extremely rare and valuable item became much more common. During the Roman Empire many forms of glass were created mostly for use in vases and bottles.
Until the 12th century stained glass (which is glass with some metals added for color) was not widely used.
The centre for glass making from the 14th century was Venice which developed many new techniques and became the center of a lucrative export trade in dinner ware, mirrors, and other luxury items. Eventually some of the Venetian glass workers moved to other areas of northern Europe and glass making spread with them.
Used up to the mid-1800s was the Crown glass process, in which a glassblower would spin around 9 lbs. of molten glass at the end of a rod until it flattened into a disk approximately 5 feet in diameter. The disk would then be cut into panes. Venetian glass was highly prized between the 10th and 14th centuries as they kept the process secret. Around 1688, the process for casting glass was developed, which led to it being a much more commonly used material. The invention of the glass pressing machine in 1827 allowed the mass production of inexpensive glass articles.
The word glass, Latin glacis (ice) German Glas, M.E. glas, A.S. glaes was also used by the Aesti-Old Prussians. They used the word glaes to describe amber, recorded by Roman historians as glaesum. Angle-Saxons used the word glaer for amber. Another German word for amber, Bernstein (English translation : burning stone), came into use because of its transparency as glass, to shine (glare) and its ability to melt.
Pilkington's invention of the float-glass process, in which molten glass is poured onto molten lead as it solidifies, made it possible to produce large sheets of flat glass more cheaply and with better quality than the previous process in which the glass was passed through rollers.
Fine glassware
Even with the availablity of common glassware, there remains place for hand blown glassware. Some artists in glass include Sidney Waugh, René Lalique, Dale Chihuly, and Louis Comfort Tiffany, who were responsible for extraordinary glass objects. The term "crystal glass", derived from rock crystal, has come to denote high-grade colorless glass, often containing lead, and is sometimes applied to any fine hand-blown glass.
Toughened glass
Glass is a tremendously strong material, but very brittle. Glass articles intended to survive rough handling, or rapid temperature changes, are sometimes toughened by rapid and localised cooling of their surfaces during the manufacturing process (called "tempering"). This pre-stresses the material and reduces its tendency to crack at the surface when stressed. When tempered glass does shatter, it tends to break into rounded granules that are not as dangerous as ordinary glass shards. The pattern of cooling is revealed by observing the glass with polarised light.
Laminated glass
Large sheets of glass can cause a serious hazard when broken, as they tend to form shards with very sharp edges. This risk is unacceptable in applications such as automobile windscreens, or large shop windows. This hazard can be reduced by laminating the glass with layers of plastic material. Laminated glass tends to hold together when shattered, the shards bound to the flexible plastic layer where they are less likely to cause injury. Often, large sheets of glass will be both toughened and laminated. The laminate can be either within the bulk of the material, or applied to the surface.
Does glass flow?
It is sometimes claimed that glass may show some of the properties of liquids that flow at room temperature, albeit very slowly. This has led to controversial statements such as the claim that "glass is a supercooled liquid". It is sometimes claimed that old windows are often thicker at the bottom than at the top, and that this might be due to flow. It is a bit unclear where this belief came from, or if there was ever any evidence to support it.
One possible source of this belief is that when panes of glass were commonly made by glassblowers, the technique that was used was to spin molten glass so as to create a round, mostly flat and even plate (the Crown glass process, described above). This plate was then cut to fit a window. The pieces were not, however, absolutely flat; the edges of the disk would be thicker due to centrifugal forces. When actually installed in a window frame, the glass would be placed thicker side down for the sake of stability. There is anecdotal evidence that occasionally such glass has been found thinner side down, as would be caused by carelessness at the time of installation.
The "glass flows" issue has been discussed at great length in the alt.folklore.urban newsgroup, and the consensus there (supported by citations from glass experts) is that glass does not flow at room temperature. Note, however, that glass can and does 'creep' , just like crystalline solids do, in response to a load. Furthermore, in some applications (such as some laboratory thermometers), glass gets heated above the transition temperature at which it actually does become a supercooled liquid. This can cause the calibration of thermometers to change slightly over the course of many years of use.
Arguments against glass flow:
Tar pitch, on the other hand, is a highly viscous liquid which appears solid, and, unlike glass, does flow at room temperature, very very slowly. See pitch drop experiment for more details.
- if medieval glass has flowed perceptibly, then ancient Roman and Egyptian objects should have flowed proportionately more - but this is not observed.
- if glass flows at a rate that allows changes to be seen with the naked eye after centuries, then changes in optical telescope mirrors should be observable (by interferometry) in a matter of days - but this also is not observed.
References:
- "Do Cathedral Glasses Flow?", Am. J. Phys. v66, pp 392-396, May, 1998
External links:
- Page devoted to the AFU glass flow controversy, with links to citations
- Page stating that glass does not flow
- Two articles on the non-flowness of glass
- Antique windowpanes and the flow of supercooled liquids
- Page from the sci.physics newsgroup FAQ
- The Pitch Drop Experiment
- Is glass liquid or solid? by John Baez
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Glass."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer whose music is frequently described as minimalist. He was born in Baltimore and studied the flute as a child at the Peabody Conservatory of Music. He then went on to the Julliard School of Music where he switched to mostly play the keyboard.
After studying with Nadia Boulanger and working with Ravi Shankar in France, Glass traveled, mainly for religious reasons, to North India in 1966, where he came in contact with Tibetan refugees. He became a Buddhist, and met the Dalai Lama in 1972. He is a strong supporter of the Tibetan cause. It was his work with Ravi Shankar, and his perception of rhythm in Indian music as being entirely additive, that led to his distinctive style. When he returned home he renounced all his earlier Milhaud and Copland-like compositions and began writing austere pieces based on additive rhythms and a sense of time influenced by Samuel Beckett whose work he encountered writing for experimental theater. Finding little sympathy from traditional performers and performance spaces Glass formed his own ensemble and began performing mainly in art galleries, this being the only real connection between musical minimalism and minimalist visual art. His works grew increasingly less austere and more complex, and in his consideration, not minimalist at all, culminating in Music in Twelve Parts. He then collaborated on the first opera of his trilogy Einstein on the Beach with Robert Wilson.
Glass orchestrated some of David Bowie's instrumentals from the albums Low and Heroes in his Low Symphony and Heroes Symphony. Glass has been prolific throughout his career, and has scored many films, including Godfrey Reggio's experimental documentary film Koyaanisqatsi, Errol Morris' biopic A Brief History of Time (based on Stephen Hawking's popular physics book), and Martin Scorsese's Kundun.
Notable works:
See also: John Adams, Steve Reich, Terry Riley, Louis Andriessen
- Einstein on the Beach (opera, 1976)
- Satyagraha (opera, 1980)
- Glassworks (1982)
- The Photographer (1982)
- Akhnaten (opera, 1983)
- Koyaanisqatsi (film score, 1983)
- Mishima (film score, 1984)
- The making of the representative for Planet 8 (opera, 1985-88)
- Anima Mundi (film score, 1992)
- Orphée (opera, 1993)
- La belle et la bête (opera, 1994)
- The marriages between zones three, four, and five (opera, 1997)
- Heroes Symphony (1997)
- Kundun (film score, 1997)
- Music with Changing Parts
- Music in Twelve Parts
- Hydrogen Jukebox (libretto by Allen Ginsberg)
External links
- http://www.glasspages.org/
- http://www.philipglass.com/
- Audio (.ram files) of a 1986 interview for the BBC
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Philip Glass."
Synonyms: GlassSynonyms: drinking glass (n), field glass (n), glassful (n), looking glass (n), spyglass (n), glass in (v), glass over (v), glaze (v), glaze over (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Receptacle | Cistern; (store); vat, caldron, barrel, cask, drum, puncheon, keg, rundlet, tun, butt, cag, firkin, kilderkin, carboy, amphora, bottle, jar, decanter, ewer, cruse, caraffe, crock, kit, canteen, flagon; demijohn; flask, flasket; stoup, noggin, vial, phial, cruet, caster; urn, epergne, salver, patella, tazza, patera; pig gin, big gin; tyg, nipperkin, pocket pistol; tub, bucket, pail, skeel, pot, tankard, jug, pitcher, mug, pipkin; galipot, gallipot; matrass, receiver, retort, alembic, bolthead, capsule, can, kettle; bowl, basin, jorum, punch bowl, cup, goblet, chalice, tumbler, glass, rummer, horn, saucepan, skillet, posnet, tureen. |
Smoothness | Down, velvet, velure, silk, satin; velveteen, velour, velours, velumen; glass, ice. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | The bloody glass came out, my bloody boot got stuck and I fell down the bloody ladder (Sleuth; writing credit: Anthony Shaffer) Umm, I think that's my glass. (Eyes Wide Shut; writing credit: Arthur Schnitzler; Stanley Kubrick) Look at this: an entire generation of Cinderellas and no glass slipper (Almost Famous; writing credit: Cameron Crowe) Would you like a glass of wine (Superman; writing credit: Jerry Siegel; Joe Shuster) There's a monster outside my room, can I have a glass of water (Signs; writing credit: M. Night Shyamalan) | |
Lyrics | 'Cause it feels just like I'm walking on broken glass (Walking On Broken Glass; performing artist: Annie Lennox) Raising my glass, I sing a toast to the midnight sky (Ghost Of You And Me; performing artist: BBMak) Soon turned out had a heart of glass ("Heart of Glass"; performing artist: Blondie) We drink wine with diamonds in the glass (Lady Marmalade; performing artist: Christina Aguilera) Now lets pour a glass of wine (I Wanna Sex You Up; performing artist: Color Me Badd) | |
Clever | A man who lives in a glass house shouldn't throw stones. (references; author: unknown) Man who lives in glass house should change clothes in basement. (references; author: unknown) | |
Tongue Twisters | Gale's great glass globe glows green. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Alice Through the Looking Glass (1974) The Glass Menagerie (1973) Glass Houses (1972) The Glass House (1972) Hour Glass (1971) | |
Song Titles | Don't Foget Me (When I'm Gone) (performing artist: Glass Tiger) Someday (performing artist: Glass Tiger) Brandy (Your A Fine Girl) (performing artist: Looking Glass) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books |
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Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | (3) color slides show a large sundae, fountain type glass filled with fountain soda (root beer?), soda straw. Credit: Renee Comet (photographer). |  | A hot pink plate on a light pink-checkered tablecloth. On the plate is a tall, conical glass of a yellow liquid, garnished with a lemon slice, some purple grapes and a straw. In front of the glass is a long stirring spoon. Behind it are a whole pineapple and a green bowl with 2 whole lemons. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |
 | B. anthracis Colony Characteristics: A. 2-5mm overnight at 35 degrees centigrade without carbon dioxide B. Non-hemolytic, non-pigmented, dry ground glass surface, edge irregular with comma projections, “Medusa Head”. Credit: CDC. |  | Eggs of Aedes aegypti mosquito in glass container. Parasite. Credit: CDC. |
 | A Cosmic Magnifying Glass. Credit: NASA. |  | Sounding machine devised by Robert Hooke Drop glass ball with weight over side Ball disengages when weight hits bottom Known rate of descent and ascent - can then derive depth Never worked right. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | A southeastern view of East Cambridge as seen from the Warren Bridge leading into Charlestown. Glass factories are seen on the right; railroad cars on a viaduct are seen on the left. In: Historical Collections ... of Every Town in Massachusetts. 1841. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Using an evacuated glass flask to collect air sample to be analyzed for carbon dioxide. This information will be added to the historic Scripps (Charles Keeling) long-term CO2 record. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | Opening the valve into the wind of an evacuated glass flask while the observer holds his breath to keep from contaminating the sample. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | Stained glass at the Seamen's Memorial Tower commemorating fishermen who have lost their lives at sea. Credit: Fisheries. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Glass Reflections" by Michael Boston Commentary: "Close up of glass reflections." | "Measure glass" by Jorge Oliveira Commentary: "A measure glass in the scanner." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
 | Pouring carbonated soda from a can into a glass. | | Sweeping glass across the floor with a broom. |
| Car skidding uncontrollably then crashing into another car and shattering glass. | | Pouring water from a pitcher into a glass. |
| Adding ice to an empty glass. | | Large quantity of glass crashing and breaking. |
| Ice being rattled in a glass. | | Coin being dropped into an empty jar and bouncing on the glass. |
| Breaking glass. | | Breaking glass then birds tweeting. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Benjamin Franklin | Don't throw stones at your neighbors , if your own windows are glass. |
| Glass, china, and reputation are easily cracked, and never mended well. | |
Davenant | Calamity is the perfect glass wherein we truly see and know ourselves. |
George Herbert | Whose house is of glass, must not throw stones at another. |
| Drink not the third glass, which thou canst not tame, when once it is within thee. | |
Publilius Syrus | Fortune is like glass -- the brighter the glitter, the more easily broken. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | Commit a crime, and the earth is made of glass. |
William Shakespeare | Get thee glass eyes, and like a scurvy politician, seem to see the things thou dost not. |
| I your looking glass will be and will modestly discover to you qualities which you yourself know not of. | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Alice in Wonderland | Carroll, Lewis | This time there were two little shrieks, and more sounds of broken glass. |
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy | Douglas Adams | "What's so unpleasant about being drunk?" "You ask a glass of water." |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Enjolras presented him with a glass of water himself, and, as Javert was bound, he helped him to drink |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | Mr Casey took the glass, drank, and placed it near him on the mantelpiece |
King Richard III | Shakespeare, William | Shine out, fair sun, till I have bought a glass, That I may see my shadow as I pass |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | Joad pointed to the broken glass and the rocks |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | (For I had about me my flint, steel, match, and burning glass. |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | Many a traveller came out of his way to see me and the inside of my house, and, as an excuse for calling, asked for a glass of water |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Do not freeze glass tubes. (references) | |
First, you drink about one full glass of a sugar drink. (references) | ||
Use 1/2 teaspoon of salt and 1/2 teaspoon of baking soda in a large glass of warm water. (references) | ||
Business | Turkey exports about 20 percent of its flat glass production. (references) | |
There are relatively few shops offering glass work and shock absorber services. (references) | ||
This ensures smooth and noiseless motion of the glass and minimum power absorption. (references) | ||
Economic History | Belgium | Industry: (20% of GDP) Types--machinery, iron, coal, textiles, chemicals, glass, pharmaceuticals, manufactured goods. (references) |
Mexico | Major industries include mining, steel, glass, aluminum, cement, auto parts and automotive assembly, and telecommunications traffic centers. (references) | |
Philippines | Heavier industries are dominated by the production of cement, glass, industrial chemicals, fertilizers, iron and steel, and refined petroleum products. (references) | |
Human Rights | Bolivia | The bomb killed one person, and flying glass wounded many others. (references) |
Mexico | In some courtrooms glass or plastic panels have been placed between the tables where the proceedings take place and the public. (references) | |
United Kingdom | Human rights monitors have criticized small group isolation; the lack of adequate exercise, work, educational opportunities, and natural daylight; and the strict enforcement of noncontact visits through a glass barrier. (references) | |
Minorities | Mauritius | Some minorities, usually Creoles and Muslims, allege that a glass ceiling exists within the upper echelons of the civil service that prevents them from reaching the highest levels. (references) |
Political Economy | MALAYSIA | Nearly all float glass that moves in world trade is rectangular. (references) |
INDIA | Nevertheless, hundreds of thousands of children are employed in the glass, pottery, carpet and fireworks industries, among others. (references) | |
Trade | Barbados | All goods imported in other than containers of plastics, glass, metal or paperboard incur a 0.75 percent environmental level of CIF value. (references) |
Taiwan | The seven commodity categories include rubber tires, cement, beverages, oil and gas, electric appliances, flat glass, and automotive products. (references) | |
Georgia | In 1997 the IFC co-financed a loan with the EBRD to the Georgian Glass and Mineral Water Co. to reestablish "Borjomi" as the leading mineral water brand in the country. (references) | |
Travel | Czech Rep | It is polite to accept at least a glass of water. (references) |
Czech Rep | Coffee and tea will be served in real china cups and juice or water in glass or crystal - never plastic or Styrofoam. (references) | |
Turkey | Business cards are almost always exchanged, and visitors are usually offered a glass of tea or a cup of Turkish coffee. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Pakistan | It is common in the brick, glass, and fishing industries and is found among agricultural and construction workers in rural areas. (references) |
Luxembourg | Employment on Sunday is permitted in continuous-process industries (steel, glass, and chemicals) and for certain maintenance and security personnel; other industries have requested permission for Sunday work, which the Government grants on a case-by-case basis. (references) | |
India | Approximately 90,000 children have been removed from work and have received education and stipends through IPEC programs since they began in the country in 1992. The NHRC, continuing its own child labor agenda, organized NGO programs to provide special schooling, rehabilitation, and family income supplements for children in the glass industry in Firozabad. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | DEBT, n. An ingenious substitute for the chain and whip of the slave- driver. As, pent in an aquarium, the troutlet Swims round and round his tank to find an outlet, Pressing his nose against the glass that holds him, Nor ever sees the prison that enfolds him; So the poor debtor, seeing naught around him, Yet feels the narrow limits that impound him, Grieves at his debt and studies to evade it, And finds at last he might as well have paid it. Barlow S. Vode |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Dennis Miller | Why not exchange those boxing gloves with bags of broken glass. |
Louise Ashby | I didn't drink or do anything for four years, and recently I spoke to my doctor and I said, do you think I can have the occasional glass of wine, and he said absolutely. So I have the occasional drink. |
Paul Burrell | In the court room. He beckoned me to come out of the dark, which is the place you sit surrounded by glass. And I stepped out of the dark and went to him. He said, the queen's stopped the trial. I literally embraced him and cried. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | But nations sink when they see that interest only through a narrow glass. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Glass" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.71% of the time. "Glass" is used about 9,836 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.71% | 9,807 | 965 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.26% | 26 | 68,323 |
| Noun (plural) | 0.02% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 9,836 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "glass" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Glass | Last name | 18,000 | 644 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| China | China Southern Glass Technology Stock-Holding (Group) Compa | India | Haryana Sheet Glass Limited |
| Indonesia | Asahimas Flat Glass Tbk. P.T. | Japan | Asahi Glass Company, Limited |
| Malaysia | KIG Glass Industrial Berhad | Philippines | Republic Glass Holdings Corporation |
| Singapore | The Hour Glass Limited | South Africa | Africa Glass Industries Limited |
| South Korea | Hankuk Electric Glass Co. Ltd. | Taiwan | Taiwan Glass Industry Corp |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "glass": ..safety glass ♦ ..shatterproof glass ♦ a pane of glass ♦ absorptive glass mat ♦ acrylic glass ♦ Anaclastic glass ♦ as clear as glass ♦ balloon glass ♦ Bastie glass ♦ beer glass ♦ bell glass ♦ blown glass ♦ Bohemian glass ♦ bone glass ♦ borosilicate glass ♦ Bottle glass ♦ bowl or glass ♦ brandy glass ♦ brim of a glass ♦ brittle as glass ♦ broken glass ♦ bulletproof glass ♦ burning glass ♦ champagne glass ♦ cheval glass ♦ Claude Lorraine glass ♦ crown glass ♦ crystal glass ♦ cupping glass ♦ cut glass ♦ Cylinder glass ♦ D glass ♦ dark glass ♦ depolished glass ♦ diagonal opera glass ♦ diagonal or side opera glass ♦ drain one's glass at a draught ♦ drinking glass ♦ E glass ♦ extrinsic silica glass ♦ fiber glass ♦ fibre glass ♦ field glass ♦ Finger glass ♦ fit with glass ♦ Flashed glass ♦ flint glass ♦ flown glass ♦ flute glass ♦ fritted glass bubbler ♦ frosted glass ♦ Gall of glass ♦ Garden glass ♦ Gauge glass ♦ glass balloon ♦ glass bead ♦ glass beaded screen ♦ glass blower ♦ glass blower's cataract ♦ glass blower's disease ♦ glass blowers'cramp ♦ glass blowing ♦ glass bottle ♦ glass box ♦ glass box testing ♦ glass bulb ♦ glass cabinet ♦ glass canopy ♦ glass case ♦ glass ceiling ♦ glass cleaner ♦ Glass cloth ♦ Glass coach ♦ glass container ♦ glass cover ♦ glass culture ♦ Glass cutter ♦ Glass cutting ♦ glass diode ♦ glass door ♦ glass eel ♦ glass engraver ♦ glass eye ♦ glass factory ♦ glass fiber ♦ glass fibre ♦ glass for corrective lenses ♦ glass gall ♦ Glass Gazette ♦ glass green ♦ glass harmonica ♦ glass house ♦ glass in ♦ glass industry ♦ Glass Ionomer Cements ♦ glass jar ♦ glass jaw ♦ glass lizard ♦ Glass maker ♦ Glass making ♦ glass marble. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "glass": Glass-amp, glass-and-gilt, glass-and-steel, glass-and-wood, glass-animal, glass-backed, glass-bangle, glass-bead, glass-beaded, glass-blower, glass-blowing, glass-bottom, glass-bottomed, glass-cased, glass-ceramic, glass-clad, glass-clear, glass-cloths, glass-covered, Glass-crab, glass-cracking, glass-crested, glass-cutter, glass-domed, glass-door, glass-doored, glass-drop, glass-dust, glass-encased, glass-encircled, glass-enclosed, glass-encrusted, glass-epoxy, glass-etched, glass-eyed, Glass-faced, glass-fibre, glass-fibre plastic, glass-fibre-reinforced, glass-floored, glass-forming, glass-framed, glass-front, glass-fronted, glass-furnace, Glass-gazing, glass-green, glass-grinder, glass-happy, glass-headed, glass-holder, glass-house, glass-houses, glass-jar, glass-less, glass-lidded, glass-like, glass-lined, glass-liquid, glass-made, glass-maker, glass-makers, glass-making, glass-painting, glass-pane, glass-panel, glass-panelled, glass-partitioned, glass-paste, glass-petalled, glass-plate, glass-polishing, glass-polyalkenoate, glass-reinforced, glass-roof, glass-roofed, glass-rope, glass-rubber, glass-screened, glass-shaded, glass-shafted, glass-shaped, glass-shined, glass-shrimp, glass-sided, glass-skinned, Glass-snail, Glass-snake, Glass-sponge, glass-stacked, glass-stands, Glass-steagall, glass-still, glass-strewn, glass-style, glass-tip, glass-topped, glass-to-rubber, glass-triumphant, glass-tubing, glass-visored, glass-walled, glass-ware, glass-washing, glass-waving, glass-window, glass-windowed, glass-work, glass-worker, glass-working, glass-works. | |
Ending with "glass": all-glass, cover-glass, cut-glass, fibre-glass, frosted-glass, hour-glass, object-glass, plate-glass, smoked-glass, spy-glass, stained-glass, tooth-glass. | |
Containing "glass": alcohol-in-glass thermometer, broken-glass-topped, hour-glass waist, looking-glass plant, mercury-in-glass clinical thermometer, mercury-in-glass thermometer, plate-glass-windowed, stained-glass window, stained-glass-effect. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
stained glass | 5,576 | stained glass door | 612 |
glass vase | 2,865 | glass manufacturer molded pressed | 612 |
glass | 2,656 | tiffany stained glass | 589 |
art glass | 1,766 | magnifying glass | 586 |
glass pipe | 1,675 | stain glass | 585 |
stained glass pattern | 1,599 | leaded stained glass | 543 |
glass block | 1,598 | carnival glass | 488 |
stained glass window | 1,497 | glass elephant | 484 |
italian glass | 1,197 | dildo glass | 476 |
auto glass | 1,073 | glass bottle | 441 |
glass recycling | 904 | glass tile | 438 |
venetian glass | 900 | fenton glass | 434 |
champagne glass | 820 | glass etching | 429 |
stained glass art | 782 | glass bongs | 423 |
stained glass supply | 778 | glass blowing | 418 |
glass bead | 750 | glass aquarium | 402 |
depression glass | 742 | glass painting | 391 |
stained glass lamp | 732 | glass menagerie | 382 |
frank lloyd wright stained glass | 664 | murano glass | 379 |
free stained glass pattern | 628 | sliding glass door | 341 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||