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Frank

Definition: Frank

Frank

Adjective

1. Characterized by disconcerting directness in manner or speech; without subtlety or evasion; "blunt talking and straight shooting"; "a blunt New England farmer"; "I gave them my candid opinion"; "forthright criticism"; "a forthright approach to the problem"; "tell me what you think--and you may just as well be frank"; "it is possible to be outspoken without being rude"; "plainspoken and to the point"; "a point-blank accusation".

2. Clearly manifest; evident; "frank enjoyment".

Noun

1. A member of the ancient Germanic peoples who spread from the Rhine into the Roman Empire in the 4th century.

2. A smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll.

Verb

1. Stamp with a postmark to indicate date and time of mailing.

2. Exempt by means of an official pass or letter, as from customs or other checks.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "frank" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1050. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: Frank

DomainDefinition

Computing

FRANK ["Using BINS for Interprocess Communication", P.C.J. Graham, SIGPLAN Notices 20(2):32-41 (Feb 1985)]. (1995-01-13). Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing.

Literature

Frank A name given by the Turks, Greeks, and Arabs to any of the inhabitants of the western parts of Europe, as the English, Italians, Germans, Spaniards, French, etc. Source: Brewer's Dictionary.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Frank

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

For the Germanic tribe with this name see Franks

For places with this name see

For the former Belgian currency, see Franc

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Frank."

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Frank comic

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Frank is a comic strip by Jim Woodring. Usually wordless, usually brightly colored, it follows the doings of many strange characters: the eponymous Frank, who is a bipedal small animal with a short tail; the grotesque Manhog; the loyal Pupshaw; and others. Frank is published by Fantagraphics Books.

External links: http://www.fantagraphics.com/artist/woodring/woodring.html http://www.jimwoodring.com/

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Frank comic."

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Frank James

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Alexander Franklin "Frank" James (January 10, 1843 - February 18, 1915) was an American outlaw and older brother of Jesse James.

He was born in Kearney, Clay County, Missouri to Baptist minister Reverend Robert Sallee James (July 7, 1818 - August 18, 1850) and his wife Zerelda Elizabeth Cole (January 29, 1825 - February 10, 1911), who had moved there from Kentucky. Frank was the first of four children. His younger siblings were:

On April 12, 1850 his father left their farm in Missouri in his wife's care and left for California with the intent of preaching to the crowds of goldminers who had recently gathered there, during the Californian Gold Rush. But shortly after arriving in California, on August 1, 1850, the Reverend contracted a fever. It has been suggested that as a result of drinking contaminated water he fell prey to cholera. The Reverend died on August 18, 1850 in the Hangtown Gold Camp, later known as Placerville. He was buried there in an unmarked grave. His wife Zerelda inherited their farm and would continue to own it till her own death. But for the moment she was a widow, left with three young children. Frank, the oldest one was seven years old when his father died.

Zeralda married Benjamin Simms, a neighboring farmer, on September 30, 1852. The marriage prooved to be an unhappy one, mainly because of Simms' behavior towards the two boys. His lack of affection for them and his use of corporal punishment which Zerelda did not approve of, resulted in this marriage's failure. After a series of arguments between the couple Zerelda started procedures for a divorce, an unusual move for the time. This didn't proove necessary since Simms was killed on January 2, 1854 in a horse accident. Zerelda was now again without a husband and eleven year old Frank without a father.

On September 25, 1855 Zerelda married for the third and last time. Her new husband Dr.Reuben Samuel (b. January 12, 1828). He prooved to be a much better choice than her previous one and the marriage lasted. They had four more children:

Zerelda also raised Perry Samuel (c. 1862 - March 1, 1936), an illegitimate son of Dr. Reuben by a slave, as one of her own children. He is sometimes mentioned as her natural son but more informed sources list him as a mulatto.

Meanwhile Frank was growing up. He had developed an interest in his late father's sizeable library, particularly in the works of his favorite author William Shakespeare. Frank reportedly wanted to become a school teacher.Meanwhile his new-stepfather was teaching him horse-riding and shooting alongside his younger brother Jesse. Frank had a normal family life.

On 1861, when Frank turned eighteen years old, any thoughts of pursuing a higher education came to an end because of a series of political events that influenced his life as well as the lifes of many others. A number of states seceded the United States and formed the Confederate States of America on February 8, 1861. A conflict between the "Union" and the "Confederacy" seemed very likely and indeed begun with the attack on Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina on April 12, 1861.This was the beginning of the American Civil War. Missouri, where Frank and his family still lived, was also set in a state of war. Though a majority of Missourians had voted against a secession from the Union, there was also a significant number of people with Confederate sympathies. This led to the formation of two separate governments with different allegiances during the war. Missourians would serve in the armies of both sides of the war till 1865. In Frank's case he joined the Missouri State Guard on May 4, 1861, fighting for the Confederacy.Frank's family, on both the paternal and maternal sides, had been slave-owners and this probably helped shape Frank's allegiance.

The Missouri State Guard's first major battle was the Battle of Wilson's Creek, on August 10, 1861. Under the orders of Major General Sterling Price and along with the Brigade of Brigadier General Ben McCulloch (in all about 12000 men) they fought against the Army of the West under Union Brigadier General Nathaniel Lyon, in all about 5,400 men. Lyon himself was killed and his Army under Major General Samuel D.Sturgis had to retreat to Springfield, Missouri. The battle cost the Confederates 1,095 men and the Union only 1,235 men, estimated numbers, but it allowed the victorious Confederate forces to advance further north.

Sterling Price's State Guard, including Frank, marched north till September 13, 1861 when they reached Lexington, Missouri where about 3,500 men of the Union army, under the orders of Colonel James A. Mulligan, were garrisoned. Skirmishes between the two forces lasted between September 13 and September 20, 1861. On September 20 Price's men finally attacked and by the early afternoon Mulligan and his men had surrendered and gave up their weapons. The Confederates had only lost about 100 men while the Union forces loses were estimated in 1,774 men. The Battle of Lexington was the second major victory of the State Guard and Confederates took control of Southwestern Missouri by October.

At some point after this battle Frank returned home, persumabely because of injurie or disease. There he was arrested by a local militia of Union supporters. He was released when he signed a statement of allegiance to the Union. But by July, 1862 he had instead joined the Missouri Partisan Ranger's of William Clarke Quantrill. Quantrill's Rangers were Confederacy supporters who used Guerrilla tactics. They were active in the borders between Missouri and Kansas and were attacking both the regular Union army and various militia of Union supporters active in the two states. Both sides have been accused , and probably were responsible, for atrocities throughout the Civil War and they used similar methods.But Quantrill's Rangers gained their lasting reputation with the succesful Raid at Lawrence, Kansas on August 21, 1863. The town, which was home to a number of prominent Union supporters, was attacked by 400 of Quantrill's men.In four hours they managed to kill the male population (about 150 men), and destroy most town buildings, leaving behind them just the women and children (estimated at 80-90 women and 250 children). It was labeled a "Massacre" by those of Union allegiance and a heroic act of "Pay Back" (Revenge for previous activities against them) by the Federalists.

External links

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Frank Sinatra

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Mug shot of a young Frank Sinatra

Francis Albert Sinatra (December 12, 1915 - May 14, 1998) was an American singer and actor and is, with Elvis Presley, Bob Dylan, Louis Armstrong and Ray Charles, one of the top five American popular musicians of the 20th century. Indeed he is one of the top musicans of the 20th century, the most famous member of the Rat Pack.

Born in Hoboken, New Jersey as the son of a quiet father and a talented, tempestuous mother, Sinatra decided to become a singer after hearing Bing Crosby on the radio. He began singing in small clubs in New Jersey and eventually attracted the attention of trumpeter and band-leader Harry James.

After a brief stint with James, he joined the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra where he rose to fame as a singer. His vast appeal to the "bobbie soxers", as teenagers were called, revealed a whole new audience for popular music, which had generally appealed mainly to adults up to that time. He was the first teen idol.

He later recorded as a solo artist with some success, particularly during the musician's recording strikes. Vocalists were not part of the musician union and were allowed to record during the ban by using a capella vocal backing.

His career was in eclipse in the late 40s and early 50s when he made a spectacular comeback as a film actor in From Here to Eternity. He later appeared in many films, the most notable being The Man with the Golden Arm, and The Manchurian Candidate.

Sinatra debuted with the Tommy Dorsey orchestra on February 2, 1940.

He originally recorded for Columbia in the 1940s but switched to Capitol Records in the 1950s. By the 1960s he was a big enough star to start his own record label: Reprise Records.

In the 1950s and 60s, Sinatra was a popular attraction in Las Vegas. He was friends with many other entertainers, including Dean Martin and Sammy Davis, Jr. These three were the core of the Rat Pack, a loose group of entertainers who were friends and partied together.

His voice is instantly recognizable, and in its prime could evoke not only great strength and charisma, but nostalgia and tenderness as well. Sinatra had good taste in songs, and excellent taste in arrangers. He is particularly noted for his phrasing.

Sinatra died in 1998 and is buried in the Desert Memorial Park in Cathedral City, Palm Springs, California.

Notable Songs

My Way
Theme from New York, New York
Night and Day
The Lady is a Tramp
Come Rain or Come Shine
Love and Marriage
I Get a Kick Out of You
It Could Happen to You
Three Coins in a Fountain
I've Got You Under My Skin
Fly Away with Me
Chicago
The Tender Trap
I've Got the World (on a String)
You Make Me Feel So Young
Strangers in the Night
Somethin' Stupid (duet with daughter Nancy)
Witchcraft
Let's Fall in Love
My Funny Valentine

Albums

Frank Sinatra: A Man and His Music
Trilogy
Duets
Songs for Swingin Lovers

Films

From Here to Eternity (Academy Award, best supporting actor)
The Man with the Golden Arm
The Manchurian Candidate
Ocean's Eleven
Pal Joey
Around the World in Eighty Days (uncredited cameo as piano player)
Von Ryan's Express
Suddenly
Higher and Higher

(many more)

See also:

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Frank Zappa

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21, 1940 - December 4, 1993) was an American rock musician, composer and satirist.

Life

Born in Baltimore, Maryland, Zappa was raised in California where he grew up influenced in equal measures by avant garde composers such as Edgar Varese and Igor Stravinsky and the local rhythm and blues and doo-wop groups.

After a short career as a professional songwriter (his elegiac "Memories of El Monte" was recorded by The Penguins) Zappa joined a local R&B band as a guitarist. A short time later he re-christened the band "The Mothers" (and, later still, "Frank Zappa and the Mothers Of Invention" at the insistence of the record company.)

The Mothers were signed by well known producer Tom Wilson, and soon produced the double album Freak Out (1966) a mixture of often topical R&B and experimental sound collage. The similarly eclectic Absolutely Free and Lumpy Gravy followed the next year. Zappa also recorded We're Only In It For The Money, a withering satire on both flower power and the prevailing mood of mainstream America; the cover parodied that of the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, replacing flowers with vegetables.

After several more albums with the Mothers including the Doo-Wop flavoured Cruising With Ruben And The Jets, Zappa released the solo instrumental album Hot Rats, featuring his free jazz inflected guitar playing, as well as a live set recorded at the Fillmore East and featuring John Lennon. He continued this high rate of production through the early 1970s, including the excellent and accessible albums One Size Fits All and Apostrophe, with a new versions of the Mothers. See Tom and Jerry for an anecdote from this era.

After a break Zappa returned, and much of his later work was influenced by his use of the synclavier as a compositional and performance tool and his mastery of studio techniques for producing specific instrumental effects. His work was also more explicitly political satirising the rise of television evangelists and the Republican party.

On September 19, 1985, Zappa testified before the US Senate Commerce, Technology, and Transportation committee, attacking the Parents Music Resource Center or PMRC, a music censorship organization founded by Al Gore's wife Tipper Gore and including many other political wives, including the wives of five members of the committee. He said,

"The PMRC proposal is an ill-conceived piece of nonsense which fails to deliver any real benefits to children, infringes the civil liberties of people who are not children and promises to keep the courts busy for years dealing with the interpretational and enforcemental problems inherent in the proposal's design.

"It is my understanding that, in law, First Amendment issues are decided with a preference for the least restrictive alternative. In this context, the PMRC's demands are the equivalent of treating dandruff by decapitation."

In the early 1990s Zappa devoted almost all of his energy to modern orchestral and synclavier works. In 1992 he was diagnosed with prostate cancer, a disease which caused his death on December 4, 1993. His last tour in a "rock band format" took place in 1988 with a 12-piece group which was reported to have a repetoire of over 800 (mostly Zappa) compositions, but which split acrimoniously before the tour was completed. The tour was documented on the albums The Best Band You Never Heard In Your Life (Zappa "standards" and obscure cover tunes), Make a Jazz Noise here (mostly instrumental and experimental music) and Broadway The Hard Way (new original material), with bits also to be found on You Can't Do That On Stage Anymore Volume 6.

On his death in 1993, Frank Zappa was interred in the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Westwood, California.

Zappa was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995. That same year the only known cast of Zappa was installed in the center of Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. Konstantinas Bogdanas, the most renowned Lithuanian sculptor who had previously been casting portraits of Vladimir Lenin immortalized Zappa.

There is an asteroid named in his honor called (3834) Zappafrank.

Quotes

"Information is not knowledge. Knowledge is not wisdom. Wisdom is not truth. Truth is not beauty. Beauty is not love. Love is not music. Music is THE BEST..." - from Packard Goose
"Jazz is not dead, it just smells funny."

Discography

Further Reading

External Links

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Franks

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

 This article is part of the
History of France series.
 Gaul
 Franks

 France in the Middle Ages
 Valois Dynasty
 Bourbon Dynasty
 French Revolution

 First French Empire

 French Restoration

 Second Republic

 Second French Empire

 Third Republic

 France during World War II

 Fourth Republic

 Fifth Republic

 This article is part of the
History of Germany series.
 Franks
 Holy Roman Empire
 German Confederation
 German Empire
 Weimar Republic
 Nazi Germany
 Germany since 1945

The Franks were one of several west Germanic tribes who entered the late Roman Empire as foederati and established a lasting realm in an area that is part of today's France and Germany, forming the historic kernel of these two modern countries.

The Frankish realm underwent many partitions and repartitions, since the Franks divided their property among surviving sons. This practice is one of the reasons it is so difficult to describe precisely the dates and physical boundaries of any of the Frankish kingdoms and whoever ruled the various sections. In essence however, two dynasties of leaders succeeded each other, the Merovingians and then the Carolingians.

The word frank meant "free" in their language. There were initially two main subdivisions within the Franks, the Salian ("salty") and the Ripuarian ("river") Franks. By the 9th century, if not earlier, this division was in fact virtually non-existent, but continued for some time to have implications for the legal system under which a person could be tried.

Foundation of the Frankish kingdom

The earliest Frankish history is not very clear. Our main source is Gregory of Tours, who quotes from otherwise lost sources like Sulpicius Alexander and Frigeridus and probably from oral sources of the Franks around him, the latter with healthy scepticism. Apart from this there are some earlier Roman sources like Ammianus and Sidonius Apollinaris

Modern scholars of the Roman-Germanic period have suggested that the Frankish people emerged from the unifications of various earlier, smaller Germanic groups inhabiting the Rhine valley and lands immediately to the east, events perhaps related to the increasing disorder and upheaval experienced in the area as a result of the war between Rome and the Marcomanni which begin in 166, and subsequent conflicts of the late 2nd century and the 3rd century C.E. For his part, Gregory states that the Franks originally lived in Pannonia, but settled on the banks of the Rhine. There is a region in the northeast of the modern-day Netherlands -- i.e. north of the Roman border -- called Salland, that may have been named after the Salians.

Around 250 a group of Franks, taking advantage of a weakened Roman Empire, penetrated as far as Tarragona in Spain, plaguing this region for about a decade before being subdued and expelled from Roman territory. About forty years later, the Franks had the Scheldt region under control and interfered with the waterways to Britain; they were pacified by Roman forces, but not expelled.

In 355-358 the later Emperor Julian once again found the shipping lanes on the Rhine under control of the Franks and again pacified them. A considerable part of Belgica was given to the Franks. From this time on they become foederati of the Roman Empire. A region roughly corresponding to present day Flanders and the Netherlands south of the rivers becomes a Germanic region down to this day. (Dutch is spoken there now). The Franks thus became the first Germanic people who permanently settled on Roman territory.

For a map see the external link http://www.roman-emperors.org/nouest4.htm

From their heartland they gradually conquered most of Roman Gaul north of the Iberian Peninsula. At first they helped defend the border as allies; for example, when a major invasion of mostly East Germanic tribes crossed the Rhine 406, the Franks fought against these invaders. The major thrust of the invasion went south of the Loire river. (In the region of Paris, Roman control persisted until 486, i.e. a decade after the fall of the emperors of Ravenna, in part due to alliances with the Franks.)

The Merovingians

The reigns of earlier Frankish chieftains -- Pharamond (about 419 until about 427) and Chlodio (about 427 until about 447) -- are thought to owe more to myth than fact, and their relationship to the Merovingian line is uncertain.

Gregory mentions Chlodio as the first king who started the conquest of Gaul by taking Camaracum (today Cambrai) and expanding the border down to the Somme. This probably took some time; Sidonius relates that the Franks were surprised by Aetius and driven back (probably around 431). This period marks the beginning of a situation that would endure for many centuries: the Germanic Franks became rulers over an increasing number of Gallo-Roman subjects.

In 451 Aetius called upon his Germanic allies on Roman soil to help fight off an invasion by the Huns. The Salian Franks answered the call, the Ripuarians fought on both sides as some of them lived outside the Empire. At this time Merovech was king of the Franks. Gregory's (oral) sources did not seem sure whether Chlodio was his father.

Clovis engaged in a campaign of consolidating the various Frankish kingdoms in Gaul and the Rhineland, which included defeating Syagrius in 486. This victory ended Roman control in the Paris region. The later conversion of Clovis to Roman Christianity, instead of the Arianism of the other Germanic peoples, may have helped to increase his standing in the eyes of the Pope and the other orthodox rulers.

In the Battle of Vouillé (507), Clovis, with the help of Burgundy, defeated the Visigoths, expanding his realm eastwards up to the Pyrenees mountains.

Because they were able to worship with their Catholic neighbors, the Franks found much easier acceptance from the local (Roman) population than did the Visigoths, Vandals, Burgundians). The Merovingians thus built the most stable of the successor-kingdoms in the west.

The Merovingians adhered to the Germanic practice of dividing their lands among their sons, and the frequent division, reunification and redivision of territories often resulted in murder and warfare within the leading families. So, on Clovis's death in 511, his realm was divided between his four sons, and over the next two centuries the kingship was shared between his descendants.

The Frankish area expanded further under Clovis' sons, eventually covering most of what is today France, but including areas east of the Rhine river as well, such as Alamannia (today's southwestern Germany) and Thuringia (since 531). Saxony however was left to be conquered by Charlemagne centuries later.

After a temporary reunification of the separate kingdoms unter Clotaire I, the Frankish lands were once again divided in 561 into Neustria, Austrasia, and Burgundy.

The chief officer of each kingdom was the Mayors of the Palace. From about the turn of the eighth century, the Mayors tended to wield the real power in the kingdom, laying the foundation for the new dynasty, the Carolingians.

The Carolingians

The Carolingian line is considered to have started with the deposition of the last Merovingian king and the accession in 751 of Pippin the Short, father of Charlemagne. Pippin had succeeded his own father, Charles Martel, as Mayor of the Palace of a reunited and reerected Frankish kingdom comprised of the formerly independent parts.

Pippin was an elected king. Although this happened infrequently, a general rule in Germanic law was that the king relied on the support of his leading-men. These men reserved the right to choose a new leader if they felt that the old one was unable to lead them in profitable battle. While in later France, the kingdom became hereditary, the kings of the later Holy Roman Empire were unable to abolish this tradition and continued to be elected until the Empire's formal end in 1806.

Pippin solidified his position in 754 by entering into an alliance with Pope Stephen III against the Lombards; this papal support was crucial to silencing any objections to his new position. Pippin donated the re-conquered areas around Rome to the Pope, laying the foundation for the Papal States, of which only Vatican City remains today, and in turn received the title patricius Romanorum, protector of the Romans.

Upon his death in 768, the kingdom was once again divided between Pippin's sons, Charles and Carloman. However, Carloman withdrew to a monastery and died shortly thereafter, leaving sole rule to his brother, who would later be named Charlemagne and become an almost mythical figure for the later history of both France and Germany.

From 772 onwards, Charles conquered and eventually defeated the Saxons to incorporate their realm into the Frankish kingdom. This campaign expanded the practice of non-Roman Christian rulers undertaking the conversion of their neighbors by armed force; Frankish Catholic missionaries, along with others from Ireland and Anglo-Saxon England, had been entering Saxon lands since the mid-8th century, resulting in increasing conflict with the Saxons, who resisted the missionary efforts and parallel military incursions. Charles' main Saxon opponent, Widukind, was baptized in 785 as part of a peace agreement, but other Saxon leaders continued to fight. Upon his victory in 787 at Verden, Charles ordered the wholesale killing of thousands of pagan Saxon prisoners. After several more uprisings, the Saxons were only defeated for good in 804. This expanded the Frankish kingdom eastwards up to the Elbe river, something the Roman empire had only attempted once, and at which it failed in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (9 AD). In order to more effectively christianize the Saxons, Charles founded several bishoprics, among them Bremen, Münster, Paderborn, and Osnabrück.

At the same time (773-774), Charles conquered the Lombards and was thus able to include northern Italy into his sphere of influence. He renewed the Vatican donation and the promise to the papacy of continued Frankish protection.

In 788, Tassilo, dux of Bavaria rebelled against Charles. The rebellion was quashed and Bavaria was incorporated into Charles' kingdom. This not only added to the royal fisc, but also drasticlly reduced the power and influence of the Agilolfings (Tassilo's family), another leading family among the Franks and potential rivals. Until 796, Charles continued to expand the kingdom even farther southeast, into today's Austria and parts of Croatia.

Charles thus created a realm that spanned from the Pyrenees in the southwest (actually, including an area in Northern Spain after 795) over almost all of today's France (except Brittany, which was never conquered by the Franks) eastwards to most of today's Germany, including northern Italy and today's Austria.

On December 23 and 24, 800, Charles was crowned Emperor by Pope Leo III in Rome in a ceremony that formally acknowledged the Frankish Empire to be the successor of the (Western) Roman one. The coronation gave the Empire the backing of the church, and permanent legitimacy to Carolingian primacy among the Franks. This connection was later resurrected by the Ottonians in A.D. 962. Charlemagne's position as Emperor was later acknowledged in 812 by the Byzantine Emperor of the time, Michael I.

Upon Charlemagne's death on January 28, 814 in Aachen, he was buried in his own Palace Chapel at Aachen.

Charlemagne had several sons, but only one survived him. This son, Louis the Pious, followed his father as the ruler of a united Empire. Sole inheritance was a matter of chance, rather than intent. When Louis died in 843, the Carolingians adhered to the custom of partible inheritance, and the Empire was divided in three in the Treaty of Verdun:


Western Europe around 870.
Charles' only remaining son, Louis the Pious, followed his father as the ruler of a united Empire. After his death in 840, the Empire was eventually divided in three in the Treaty of Verdun in 843:

  1. Louis' eldest surviving son Lothair became Emperor and ruler of the Central Franks. This kingdom was in turn divided among his three sons, into Lotharingia, Burgundy and (Northern) Italy. These areas would later vanish as separate kingdoms.
  2. Louis' second son, Louis the German, became King of the East Franks. This area is the kernel of the later Holy Roman Empire, which eventually evolved into modern Germany. For a list of successors, see the List of German Kings and Emperors.
  3. His third son Charles the Bald became King of the West Franks; this area is the foundation for the later France. For his successors, see the List of French monarchs.

On the map to the right, the area outlined in green is controlled by Louis II, the area in yellow is controlled by Louis the German, and the portion in purple is controlled by Charles the Bald.

Legacy

Although an historical accident, the unification of most of what is now western and central Europe under one chief ruler provided a fertile ground for the continuation of what is known as the Carolingian Renaissance. Despite the almost constant internecine warfare the Carolingian Empire endured, the extension of Frankish rule and Roman Christianity over such a large area ensured a fundamental unity throughout the Empire. There is no question that each part of the Carolingian Empire developed differently; Frankish government and culture were extremely dependent upon the individual ruler and his aims. Those aims shifted as easily as the changing political alliances within the Frankish leading families. What must be remembered, however, is that those families, the Carolingians included, all shared the same basic beliefs and ideas of government. These ideas and beliefs were rooted in a background that drew from both Roman and Germanic tradition, a tradition that began before the Carolingian ascent and continued to some extent even after the death of Louis the Pious and his sons.

It is interesting to note that, when modern historians (those from the late 18th century on) hearken back to an example of a unified Europe, it is the Carolingian Empire, not the Roman one, to which they turn. Even in the case of the much-maligned Euro, the Carolingian example has been raised. Whether the Carolingian Empire lasted (or, it could be argued, ever really existed as an Empire per se) in a geographical or political sense is immaterial. The model of several individual kingdoms (or regna, to give them their proper names) under one rule clearly resonates today. It may be argued that the divisions of Verdun still provide the general borders of Germany, France, and Italy, but it would be ill-considered to suppose that they provide any clear cultural divide. They cannot divide the Germanic-Roman Christian legacy begun by the Carolingians.

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Abbreviations & Acronyms: Frank

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
EntrySourceExpressionField
FRCEnglishFrank Russell CompanyFinance

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Synonyms: Frank

Synonyms: blunt (adj), candid (adj), forthright (adj), free-spoken (adj), outspoken (adj), plainspoken (adj), point-blank (adj), frankfurter (n), hot dog (n), hotdog (n), weenie (n), wiener (n), wienerwurst (n), postmark (v). (additional references)
Synonym by domain: frankest (post & telecom).

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Synonyms within Context: Frank

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Artlessness

Phrase: Davus sum non Oedipus; liberavi animam meam; "as frank as rain on cherry blossoms".

Adjective: artless, natural, pure, native, confiding, simple, lain, inartificial, untutored, unsophisticated, ingenu, unaffected, naive; sincere, frank; open, open as day; candid, ingenuous, guileless; unsuspicious, honest; innocent; Arcadian; undesigning, straightforward, unreserved, aboveboard; simple-minded, single-minded; frank-hearted, open-hearted, single-hearted, simple-hearted.

Manifestation

Unreserved, frank, plain-spoken; (artless); candid (veracious); barefaced.

Probity

Straightforward; (ingenuous); frank, candid, open-hearted.

Veracity

Adjective: truthful, true; veracious, veridical; scrupulous; (honorable); sincere, candid, frank, open, straightforward, unreserved; open hearted, true hearted, simple-hearted; honest, trustworthy; undissembling; (dissemble; ); guileless, pure; truth-loving; unperjured; true blue, as good as one's word; unaffected, unfeigned, bona fide; outspoken, ingenuous; (artless); undisguised; (real).

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Frank

English words defined with "frank": apparently ♦ brave ♦ courageous ♦ fearless, Franked, Franking, Free-hearted ♦ honest ♦ ingenuousness, inquisitorial ♦ on the face of it, Open vowel, Open-hearted, ostensibly ♦ Plain speaking, Plain-hearted ♦ sardonic, seemingly, Simple obligation, slender, slight, slim, square shooter, straight arrow, straight shooter ♦ The fair sex, To take into one's confidence, To wear one's heart upon one's sleeve ♦ wry. (references)
Specialty definitions using "frank": B-LINE, Brain Aid Prolog, Bucklaw ♦ Continuous System Modeling Program ♦ Evans-Allen funds ♦ Frank Pledge, FRANKFURTERS ♦ Hypocrite ♦ Jet Propulsion Lab ♦ LEHAR, LISZT ♦ Mentat, munchkin ♦ Real Programmers Don't Use Pascal, Rupert of Debate ♦ Sash, Scene Painters, scrap, sonograph, Suzie COBOL ♦ WIDOW. (references)
Etymologies containing "frank": Philately. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Frank" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Czech (franc), Dutch (Frank, free and easy), Flemish (francs), German (Frank, free), Hungarian (franc, frankian), Manx (Francis, frank), Serbo-Croatian (frank), Swedish (Frank, open, straightforward), Turkish (franc).

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Modern Usage: Frank

DomainUsage

Screenplays

Is it the frank or the beans (There's Something About Mary; writing credit: Ed Decter; John J. Strauss)

Frank, would you mind saying grace (Catch Me If You Can; writing credit: Frank Abagnale Jr.; Stan Redding)

I see you, Frank. I see you standing over the grave of another dead president (In the Line of Fire; writing credit: Jeff Maguire)

Is, is that Mrs. Frank Cummings (Harvey; writing credit: Mary Chase;)

Andy Williams, Perry Como, and certain ballads by Mr. Frank Sinatra (Good Morning, Vietnam; writing credit: Mitch Markowitz)

Lyrics

Is a new Frank Sinatra (Teen Angst (What The World Needs Now); performing artist: Cracker)

Frank Zappa and the Mothers (Smoke on the Water; performing artist: Deep Purple)

I love who you are love who ya ain't you so Anne Frank (So Fresh, So Clean; performing artist: Outkast)

Tongue Twisters

False Frank fled Flo Friday. (references; author: unknown)

Friendly Frank flips fine flapjacks. (references; author: unknown)

Movie/TV Titles

Frank Sinatra: The Main Event (1974)

Privatdetektiv Frank Kross (1972)

Als Frank terugkomt (1970)

Frank Sinatra: Sinatra (1969)

Dürrenmatt inszeniert Frank V. (1967)

Song Titles

SOMETHING STUPID  (performing artist: Frank & Nancy Sinatra )

I REMEMBER YOU  (performing artist: Frank Ifield )

Music Box Dancer (performing artist: Frank Mills)

Strangers In The Night (performing artist: Frank Sinatra)

That's Life (performing artist: Frank Sinatra)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Frank

DomainTitle

References

  • Frank Usher Holdings Plc.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  

Periodicals

  

Theater & Movies

  • The Matinee Idol (1928) / Frank Capra's American Dream (1997) (reference)

  • The Attic: The Hiding of Anne Frank (reference)

  • Frank Sinatra: The Main Event (reference)

  • Frank Patterson Collection (World of Music / God Bless America - An Irish Salute) (reference)

  • Chop Builder, Frank Gambale (reference)

    (more DVD examples; more video examples)

  

Music

  

High Tech

  

Consumer Goods

  • Candy Cane Christmas by Frank Ottomanelli (reference)

  • Rogers' Chocolates Book Box by Frank Ottomanelli Gourmet Foods (reference)

  • D'Artagnan's Sauteed Foie Gras with Wine Jelly Sauce by Frank Ottomanelli (reference)

  • The Gentlemans Basket by Frank Ottomanelli (reference)

  • Harry's Bar Basket by Frank Ottomanelli Gourmet Foods (reference)

    (more baby examples; more wireless phone examples; more garden examples; more kitchen examples; more tool examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Frank

Photos:
Frank

More pictures...

Illustrations:
Frank

More pictures...

Computer Images:
Frank

More pictures...

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Photo Album: Frank

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Shows portrait photo of Frank Joseph Rauscher, Jr., National Cancer Institute director from May 1972 to November 1976. The orginal piece of art hangs in the 11th floor hallway in Building 31 on the National Institutes of Health campus. Credit: Brooks (Photographer).

Station Emery near Muddy River Triangulation party of Frank G. Johnson. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.

Frank Johnson. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.

Map of San Francisco. In: "The Annals of San Francisco". Frank Soule, John Gihon, and James Nesbit. 1855. Frontispiece. D. Appleton & Company, New York. F869.S3.S7 1855. Credit: America's Coastlines.

Fanciful view of Drake's Bay with the Drake's vessel, the GOLDEN HIND, at anchor Drake sailed on the California coast in 1577. In: "The Annals of San Francisco". Frank Soule, John Gihon, and James Nesbit. 1855. Frontispiece. D. Appleton & Company, New York. F869.S3.S7 1855. Credit: America's Coastlines.

Frank Csulak of the NOAA Damage Assessment Center watches winter storm conditions at the time of the grounding. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center.

Scientist Frank Porto at the tape drives of the then new National Environmental Satellite Service (NESS) mass data storage system, the SDC TBMII. This system was used to archive all of the TIROS-N and NOAA-6 digital data on standard two- inch video tape. Credit: NOAA in Space.

Senior Master Sgt. Stephanie Harwell, Air Force Communications Agency, Scott Air Force Base, Ill., earned the National Security Agency's 1999 Frank B. Rowlett Trophy for individual achievement in Information Systems Security. (Courtesy photo).

Technical Sgt. Frank Lubas, 2nd Security Forces Squadron, Barksdale Air Force Base, La., observes the skill of an Air Force Special Operations Command competitor from his perch in the range safety tower during the pistol phase of Defender Challenge 2000 h.

Frank Lucas, NRCS, and an Amish farmer discuss conservation plans. [Slide 97CS3109]. Credit: Bob Nichols.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Digital Photo Gallery: Frank
 

"ExperienceSky" by Peter Gunn
Commentary: "The experience music project building was designed by Frank Gehry and stands in Seattle, Washington."		"Buildings in Düsseldorf 2" by Klaus Cerfontaine
Commentary: "Frank O´ Gehry buildings dockside."

Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

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Familiar Quotations: Frank

AuthorQuotation

Frank Lloyd Wright

Freedom is from within.
Truth against the world.
An idea is salvation by imagination.
Television is chewing gum for the eyes.
The longer I live the more beautiful life becomes.
Youth is a quality, not a matter of circumstances.

Frank Mcghie

Welcome the task that makes you go beyond yourself.

Frank Sinatra

The best revenge is massive success.

Frank Tyger-ferbes

Success is often just an idea away.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Historic Usage: Frank

AuthorDateQuotation

Treaty of Versailles

1919

The Members of the League undertake to interchange full and frank information as to the scale of their armaments, their military, naval, and air programmes and the condition of such of their industries as are adaptable to war-like purposes. (reference)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Use in Literature: Frank

TitleAuthorQuote

Emma

Austen, Jane

The next morning brought Mr. Frank Churchill again

Les Miserables

Hugo, Victor

All this was said with a mixture of astonishment, and frank good nature

Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

Joyce, James

With a sudden movement she bowed his head and joined her lips to his and he read the meaning of her movements in her frank uplifted eyes

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Frank

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

Fortunately, only a small proportion of infected persons progress to frank encephalitis. (references)

This syndrome was first described in 1957 by Dr. William M. Landau and Dr. Frank R. Kleffner, who identified six children with the disorder. (references)

Weight reduction surgery has been reported to improve several comorbid conditions such as sleep apnea and obesity-associated hypoventilation, glucose intolerance, frank diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and serum lipid abnormalities. (references)

Civil Liberties

China

Some Web sites, such as the "Marxist Liberal Left Wing Ideology Web site" and the People's Daily "Strong Country Forum," regularly post surprisingly frank critiques of society, the Party, and the Government. (references)

Economic History

Belgium

Party President is Euro-MP Frank Vanhecke. (references)

Taiwan

In the same elections, however, the DPP's Frank Hsieh managed to defeat Kaoshiung's KMT incumbent. (references)

Human Rights

Nigeria

The victims included the chairman of the Ishielu Local Government, Onyebuhi Eche, Ifeanyi Nnanji, Gbonna Odembaigwe and Uche Frank. (references)

Uganda

On November 16, Frank Byaruhanga, a former Besigye campaign manager who had been deported from Tanzania on allegations that he was recruiting rebels to overthrow the Government, and three others were arrested and remanded to Kigo Prison on treason charges on the same day. (references)

Congo

No further action was taken in the 2000 case in which there were numerous credible reports that RCD forces, participating with or supported by the RPA, beat, tortured, and then buried alive 15 women at Mwenga in December 1999. In December 1999, the RCD/RPA arrested Frank Kasereke, the RCD commander, but he escaped from jail in February 2000 along with 32 other detainees. (references)

Minorities

Netherlands

Each year the University of Leiden, in collaboration with the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Anne Frank Foundation, investigates the extent of rightwing and racist violence against minorities. (references)

Political Economy

Japan

Handsome, frank and articulate, Koizumi garnered overwhelming public support by promising to undertake thoroughgoing reforms of Japan's economy and political system. (references)

Political Rights

Paraguay

Debate in Congress is free and frank. (references)

Worker Rights

Morocco

The conference included frank discussion of a subject that is commonly taboo. (references)

Lexicography

Devil's Dictionary

SCRAP-:BOOK:, n. A book that is commonly edited by a fool. Many persons of some small distinction compile scrap-books containing whatever they happen to read about themselves or employ others to collect. One of these egotists was addressed in the lines following, by Agamemnon Melancthon Peters: Dear Frank, that scrap-book where you boast You keep a record true Of every kind of peppered roast That's made of you; Wherein you paste the printed gibes That revel round your name, Thinking the laughter of the scribes Attests your fame; Where all the pictures you arrange That comic pencils trace -- Your funny figure and your strange Semitic face -- Pray lend it me. Wit I have not, Nor art, but there I'll list The daily drubbings you'd have got Had God a fist.

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Spoken Usage: Frank

SpeakerPhrase(s)

Dennis Miller

Look, you have to admit that Israel is in more of a no-win situation than a Ballpark Frank entering the Westminster Dog Show.

Don Imus

I like Dennis Miller. I love Dennis Miller. I mean, I think he is brilliant. I wish he wouldn't do the football thing. It's just demeaning for him. I mean, there's all kinds of people, Frank Rich.

Liza Minnelli

Support and love. Oh, so do I. They knew David. David knew them. He didn't a lot of shows with Frank. And, in fact, the very first time I met David, he produced a show that Frank and Sammy and I did together. And that's when I first met him.

Pervez Musharraf

Well, if you want a really frank answer, the feelings were good before, I would say, when we were together fighting the Soviets in Afghanistan.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Speeches: Frank

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

James Buchanan

1857-1861Our diplomacy should be direct and frank, neither seeking to obtain more nor accepting less than is our due.

Bill Clinton

1993-2001Congressman Frank Tejeda was buried yesterday, a proud American whose family came from Mexico.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Frank

"Frank" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 88.88% of the time. "Frank" is used about 3,979 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words		Rank in English
Noun (proper)88.88%3,5362,748
Adjective (general or positive)10.6%42213,494
Noun (singular)0.3%12101,599
Lexical Verb (infinitive)0.15%6143,867
Lexical Verb (base form)0.05%2245,945
Unclassified Items0.03%1339,140
                    Total100.00%3,979N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Name Usage Frequency: Frank

The following table summarizes the usage of "frank" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified.
NameUsage/GenderUsage per 100
million Persons		Rank in USA
FrankFirst name Female2,0002,691
FrankFirst name Male581,00031
FrankLast name25,000453
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Usage in Company Names: Frank

CountryName
United Kingdom

Frank Usher Holdings Plc.

 (more examples...)

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

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Cities: Frank


1. Frank, NC
Zip Code(s): 28657
Country: USA

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Expression: Frank

Expressions using "frank": angus Frank Johnstone Wilson ♦ frank breech ♦ frank breech delivery ♦ Frank Capra ♦ Frank Cooper ♦ Frank Harris ♦ Frank Lloyd Wright ♦ Frank Morrison Spillane ♦ Frank Norris ♦ Frank Philip Stella ♦ Frank Sinatra ♦ Frank Stella ♦ Frank Stockton ♦ frank tenements ♦ Frank Winfield Woolworth ♦ free or frank tenements ♦ Salian Frank ♦ Stanley Frank Musial ♦ Willard Frank Libby. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "frank": Frank-chase, Frank-fee, Frank-law, Frank-marriage, frank-read, Frank-wolfe.

Ending with "frank": fat-frank.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Frank

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day		ExpressionFrequency
per Day

frank sinatra

2,558

frank nursery craft

208

frank lloyd wright

2,122

frank dux

191

anne frank

1,978

anne frank picture

180

paul frank

1,623

frank gehry

176

frank abagnale

1,285

frank thomas

165

frank

817

frank black

165

frank zappa

739

jason david frank

165

frank meier

684

frank lloyd wright falling water

153

frank lloyd wright stained glass

664

frank erwin center

150

frank abagnale jr

605

abagnale frank w

146

frank nursery

585

abignale frank

143

lisa frank

463

frank shamrock

137

frank sinatra lyrics

332

frank mccourt

136

frank garcia

329

frank tommy

130

diary of anne frank

291

frank keating

117

frank sepe

276

abagnale frank jr w

117

frank frazetta

238

frank frosty heidi

110

frank betz

238

frank sinatra picture

106

frank michael

219

frank miller

106

frank meyer

210

frank sinatra song

103

frank muller

103
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Frank

Language Translations for "frank"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

Stampë Postimi Pa Pagesë, Postoj Pa Pagesë, Letër E Postuar Pa Pagesë, I Sinqertë (candid, devout, earnest, explicit, free, free-hearted, free-spoken, genuine, honest, ingenuous, onefold, open, outgiving, outspoken, plain spoken, sincere, single minded, single-eyed, single-hearted, Square, transparent, true, true-hearted, truthful, unaffected, unreserved, whole-souled), I Qartë (apparent, articulate, candid, clear, clear-cut, definite, distinct, evident, explicit, express, fair, formal, in focus, legible, limpid, lucid, luminous, manifest, neat, obvious, open and shut, palpable, patent, perspicuous, plain, readable, self evident, serene, simple, tangible, unambiguous, unequivocal, visible, well-defined, well-marked), I Hapur (ajar, blunt, champaign, direct, exposed, forthright, free, heart-to-heart, honest, hospitable, low, naked, open, open-hearted, overground, overt, pervious, plain, public, straightforward, unclosed, uncovered), I Dëlirë (candid, chaste, clean, fair, innocent, pure). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏لا لبس فيه (unequivocal, watertight), ‏واضح (apparent, bold, broad, clear, conspicuous, decided, definite, elucidative, evident, explicit, express, intelligible, legible, limpid, lucid, luminous, manifest, marked, obvious, outspoken, palpable, patent, pellucid, perspicuous, plain, plump, pointed, pronounced, punctual, purposely, seeming, sharp, specific, transparent, trenchant, visible), ‏عفا (absolve, efface, excuse, exempt, forgive, pardon), ‏صريح (bare, bluff, candid, categorical, communicative, crude, direct, downright, expansive, explicit, flat, forthcoming, forthright, genuine, guileless, honest, ingenuous, open, open-hearted, outright, outspoken, overt, palpable, plain, plain spoken, plump, point blank, pronounced, raw, round, simple-hearted, steady, straight, straightforward, transparent, unreserved, unvarnished), ‏ختم (cachet, chop, close, conclude, impress, impression, imprint, round off, seal, seal ring, sealing, set one's hand to, sign off, signet, stamp, stamp about, stamping, subscribe, wind up, wrap up), ‏أرسل بالبريد (mail, post), ‏دمغ رسالة, ‏دم رسالة. (various references)

   

Basque

  

egizale (sincere). (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

явен (apparent, blazing, decided, declared, distinct, downright, evident, glaring, manifest, marked, noticeable, obvious, open, ostensible, outright, overt, palpable, patent, plain, Plumb, pointed, professed, pronounced, rank, self-explanatory, sheer, thumping, transparent, unconcealed, unmistakable, visible), Отявлен, Откровен, Открит, Прям (Square), Право На Безплатна Поща, Франкирам, Искрен. (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

率直 , 直率 (forthright, forthrightness, franked, franking), 直 (directly, straight, straightly, upright, vertical), 爽 (bright, clear, invigorating, open, straightforward), 坦率 (blunt, open). (various references)

   

Czech

  

Upřímný (candid, direct, fair dealing, feeling, free-hearted, genuine, heartfelt, heart-to-heart, heart-whole, honest, ingenuous, on the up and up, open, open-hearted, outspoken, plain, plainspoken, simple, sincere, single-hearted, straight, straightforward, transparent, true, true-hearted, unaffected, unreserved), Otevřený (above board, avowed, barefaced, blunt, direct, free-spoken, honest, open, open-hearted, outspoken, overt, plainspoken, raw, straightforward, unclosed, undone, unreserved). (various references)

   

Danish

  

frankere (prepay ( postage ), stamp). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

frankeren (prepay, put on stamps), frank (free and easy). (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

پرکردن (Brim, Cram, Full, Glut, Heap, Load, Stow, Stud, Stuff, Suffuse, Thwack), مهرزدن (Impress, Imprint, Stamp), معاف کردن (Dismiss, Dispense, Excuse, Exempt, Remit), مصون ساختن , مجانی (Free, Gratis, Honorary), مجانافرستادن , نیرومند (Hale, Main, Mighty, Nervy, Potent, Prolific, Rugged, Stout, Strong, Valiant, Vigorous), چپانیدن , صریح (Abstract, Clear, Definite, Explicit, Express, Open, Perspicuous, Precise, Punctual, Straight, Unequivocal), اجازه عبوردادن , رک گو (Ingenuous, Open, Unreserve), رک (Blunt, Outspoken, Stark, Straight, Straightforward), بی پرده حرف زن , بی پرده (Blunt, Pert, Straight, Straightforward), باطل کردن (Abrogate, Annul, Cancel, Disannul, Dispense, Invalid, Invalidate, Quash, Undo). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

vilpitön (candid, honest, sincere, straightforward, upright), suorapuheinen (outspoken, plain-spoken), suora (direct, forthright, right, straight, straight lank, straight line, straightforward), peittelemätön (plain, undisguised, unreserved), peitteinen (plain, undisguised, unreserved), avomielinen (candid, open). (various references)

   

French

  

affranchir. (various references)

   

German

  

Freimütig (heart-to-heart, honest, open, outspoken, outspokenly, unreservedly), Offen (ajar, apertured, blatantly, candid, candidly, clear, direct, exposed, fair, forthright, frankly, free spoken, ingenuous, ingenuously, loose, low, naked, open, open-hearted, openly, outright, outspoken, outstanding, overt, overtly, pitched, plainly, raw, sincere, sincerely, straightforward, unconcealed, undecided, undetermined, undone, unfilled, unharbored, unhidden, unreservedly, unrestrained, unsealed, unsettled, upfront, vacant), Freimachen (bare, detach, disengage, open up, stamp, take time off, to bare, unblock, unstop, vacantness), Frankieren (prepaid, prepay, put on stamps, stamp). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

σφραγίζω γιά αποστολή χωρίς τέλη, Ειλικρινήσ, ειληκρινής, Αντί Franklin, Αντί Francis, Απαλλάσσω Ταχυδρομικών Τελών, Φραγκίσκοσ. (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

ֲלוי ּב. (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

nyílt (above board, aboveboard, candid, declared, disarming, expansiveness, explicit, expressive, flat, forthright, guileless, honest, open, open route, outright, outspoken, overt, plain spoken, round, sincere, straight, transparent, unclass, unclassified, undefended, up front). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

terus-terang (bluntly, fortright, pointblank). (various references)

   

Italian

  

Franco (blunt, candid, direct, forthright, franc, free, hearty, open, outspoken, postage paid, sincere, straightforward), francare (put a stamp on), Schietto (bare, candid, downright, forthcoming, natural, open, outright, outspoken, plainspoken, straightforward), onesto (aboveboard, above-board, decent, fair, honest, just, moral, right, Square, straightforward, upright, upstanding, virtuous), Aperto (aboveboard, forthcoming, obvious, open, out of doors, outright, overblown, overt, raw, splay), Affrancare (affranchise, enfranchise, free, free oneself, manumit, prepay, put, put on stamps, release, stamp). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

露骨 (blunt, broad, conspicuous, open, outspoken, plain, suggestive), 淡白 (candid, indifferent, ingenuous, light, plain, simple). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

ますぐ (direct, erect, honest, straight, upright), ちょくさい (decisiveness, directness, imperial decision or sanction, prompt, straightforward), あけすけ (honest, open, outspoken), ろこつ (blunt, broad, conspicuous, open, outspoken, plain, suggestive), ごうほう (armful, fate, gradational salary, inevitable retribution, karma effects, largehearted, lawful, legal, legality, signal gun, unaffected), かったつ (broad-minded, openhearted), ちょくせつ (decisiveness, direct, directness, firsthand, immediate, personal, prompt, straightforward), まっすぐ (direct, erect, honest, straight, upright), たんぱく (candid, egg white, indifferent, ingenuous, light, plain, protein, simple), きょしんたんかい (candidness, frankness, with an open and calm mind, with no preconceived notions, without reserve), しゃらく (open-hearted), きさく (candid, clever scheme, good humored, openhearted, ready, sociable, willing), フランク , すがお (face with no make-up, honest, unpainted face), たんてき, さっぱりした (clean, fresh). (various references)

   

Korean 

  

무료 송달 우편물. (various references)

   

Manx

  

ynrick (correct, correct as behaviour, earnest, faithful, forthcoming, genuine, honest, intrinsic, just, open-hearted, outright, righteous, sincere, straightforward, truthful, undeviating), neuvolteyragh, neucheiltynagh (free-spoken, undissembling), jeeragh (candid, direct; erect, downright, due, fair and square, faithful; just, forthcoming, honest, lineal; sincere, outright, outspoken, partly done, plumb, point-blank, rigid, straight, straight ahead, straightforward, strict, true, undeviating, unequivocal, unerring), frankal, foslit (broached). (various references)

   

Norwegian

  

oppriktig (candid, ingenuous), åpen (open). (various references)

   

Occitan

  

sincèr (sincere). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

ankfray.(various references)

   

Portuguese

  

franquiar (stamp), franquia (franchise, franchising, postage), franquear (free, open, prepay, put on stamps), franco (above-board, bluff, candid, clear, direct, downright, dyed-in-the, forthright, franc, freehearted, guileless, honest, ingenuous, large-hearted, non-partisan, open-hearted, outright, outspoken, plain, plainspoken, plump, simple, simple-hearted, sincere, single-hearted, straightforward, unconcealed, undisguised, unequivocal), timbre (color, colour, rubber stamp, stamp, timbre, tone), sincero (artless, candid, convinced, cordial, deep, direct, downright, dyed-in-the, earnest, freehearted, guileless, heartfelt, hearty, honest, ingenuous, open-hearted, outright, outspoken, plain, plainspoken, simple, simple-hearted, sincere, single-hearted, straight, straightforward, strong, true, true-hearted, unaffected, undisguised, unfeigned, unvarnished, whole-hearted, whole-souled), selar (prepay, put on stamps, saddle, seal, stamp), pessoa do ocidente (occidental), leal (anchored, brave, devoted, fair, faithful, gallant, guileless, honest, loyal, open-hearted, simple-hearted, sincere, soldierly, sportsmanlike, sporty, staunch, true, true-blue, true-hearted, trustworthy, trusty), isentar (acquit, affranchise, exempt), europeu (European), enviar (commit, consign, despatch, dispatch, forward, mail, refer, send, send off, to send, transmit), abrir (barge, cut, cut up, dehisce, deploy, ditch, drift, free, let by, open, open up, peck, rip, rive, spread, to open, unbar, unclasp, unclench, unclose, undraw, unfasten, unfold, unlock, unseal, unstrap), aberto (gaping, ingenuous, inlet, naked, open, open-hearted, outspread, outstretched, pervious, plainspoken, staring, unclosed, unobstructed). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

Franca (prepay, stamp), Franc (coin, franc, ingenuous, sincere, undisguised), Fãţiş (bold, downright, open, openly, outright, outspoken, overt, overtly, sincere), Trimite O Scrisoare Fãrã Taxe Poştale, Timbra (stamp), Sincer (above board, artless, authentic, blunt, candid, candidly, childlike, devout, downright, fair, forthright, frankly, freehearted, free-spoken, genuine, guileless, heartfelt, heart-whole, hearty, honest, honestly, ingenuous, kind, open, open-hearted, outright, outspoken, overt, plain, plainly, right-down, round, sincere, single, straight, straightforward, true, truly, truthful, undisguised, unfeigned, unpretending, unreserved, well-meant), Semnãturã (hand, Mark, signature, subscription), Scuti De Porto, Deschis (above board, artless, avowedly, bald, baldly, barefaced, barely, blunt, broad, direct, downright, flatly, forthright, frankly, freehearted, free-spoken, guileless, light, naked, open, openly, outright, outspoken, overt, overtly, pale, patent, plainly, raw, round, roundly, sincere, Square, straight, straightforward, unfeigned, unreserved), Colet Scutit De Taxe Poştale, Clar (apparent, apparently, articulate, banner, bright, broad, clean, clear, clear-cut, clearly, comprehensible, decided, definite, distinct, distinctly, evident, explicit, express, fair, flat, formal, incisive, legible, level headed, lightsome, limpid, lucid, luminous, manifest, marked, obvious, obviously, palpable, patently, pellucid, perspicuous, plain, plainly, precise, pure, serene, simple, sound, tangible, terse, unequivocal, unmistakable), Înlesni Trecerea. (various references)

   

Russian 

  

Открытый, Откровенный, Простосердечный, откровенный (candid, downright, forthright, freehearted, free-hearted, free-spoken, outgiving, outspoken, plainspoken, plain-spoken, self-confessed, straightforward, unreserved), Искренний. (various references)

   

Scottish

  

saor (a carpenter, carpenter, cheap, cheapen, deliver, easily, free, gratuitous, redeem, rescue, save, set at liberty, unrestrained, wright). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

frank, neposredan (close, direct, immediate, outgiving, point blank, proximate, straightaway), iskren (above board, blunt, candid, childlike, downright, fair dealing, forthright, free-spoken, genuine, heartfelt, heart-to-heart, open, open minded, openhearted, outspoken, sincere, single-hearted, straight, straightforward). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

franquear (meter, metre, negotiate, open up, prepay, put a stamp on). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

uppriktig (candid, earnest, honest, ingenuous, open, open-hearted, outgiving, plainspoken, sincere, truthful, up front), frimodig (bold, candid, fearless, ingenuous, open-faced). (various references)

   

Thai

  

เปิดเผย (reveal), ด้วยใจจริง, จากไป (buzz along, gone, off). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

Frenk (frankish), Samimi (candid, childlike, chummy, companionable, cordial, devout, earnest, familiar, folksy, forthright, free, freehearted, friendly, genuine, heartfelt, heart-to-heart, heart-whole, intimate, jannock, near, on the square, open armed, openhearted, outspoken, pally, sincere, single minded, single-eyed, single-hearted, truthful, undesigning, unequivocal, warm, whole-hearted), Sözünü Esirgemeyen (bluff, free-spoken, outspoken), Mektubu Ücretsiz Gitmesi Ýçin Damgalamak, Dürüst (above board, candid, christian, conscientious, dinkum, direct, downright, fair, faithful, guileless, honest, incorruptible, jannock, just, level, moral, on the square, open, plain, regular, right, righteous, right-minded, sincere, single minded, single-hearted, sporting, Square, straight, straight as a die, straight out, straightforward, upfront, upright, upstanding, virtuous), Ücretsiz Giden Mektup, Ücretsiz Göndermek, Ýçi Dışı Bir, Açık Sözlü (bluff, blunt, expansive, explicit, forthcoming, free-spoken, honest, ingenuous, outspoken, plain spoken, plainspoken, plump, straight out, unreserved). (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

явний (apparent, bald-faced, barefaced, blatant, broad, declared, evident, obvious, ostensible, ostensive, overt, patent, perspicuous, pronounced, unequivocal, visible), Франкувати, Франкований Лист, Відвертий. (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

thẳng thắn (downright, fair, fair-dealing, fairly, forthright, free-hearted, hunky, level, plain-spoken, sporting, sporty, square, straight), ngay thật (sincere, sincerely, unsophisticated), bộc trực (four-square, free-hearted). (various references)

   

Welsh

  

brac (free, talkative). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Frank

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Greek700 BCE-300 CE

eleutherios. (various references)

Latin500 BCE-Modern

aperta, apertae, apertas, aperti, apertis, apertisque, aperto, apertoque, apertos, apertum, apertus, ingenuus, liber, libera, liberae, liberam, liberas, liberi, liberis, libero, liberorum, liberos, liberum. (various references)

Old French900-1400

franc. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Frank

Derivations

Words beginning with "frank": frankable, franked, franker, frankers, frankest, frankfurt, frankfurter, frankfurters, frankfurts, frankincense, frankincenses, franking, franklin, franklinite, franklinites, franklins, frankly, frankness, franknesses, frankpledge, frankpledges, franks. (additional references)

Words ending with "frank": prefrank. (additional references)

Words containing "frank": prefranked, prefranking, prefranks. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Frank" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Fanek, fank, faran, Farjani, Faruk, Farukh, feran, Ferrano, ffank, frack, frak, fran, franck, frand, frane, Franek, frang, franj, franka, Frankau, franke, frankl, Franko, franky, franq, Frant, Franzke, frawk, frean, frek, Freni, Frenk, Frenni, Frik, frin, froan, frunky, krank, wrank. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Frank"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "frank" (pronounced fra"ngk)
5f r a" ng kfranc.
4-r a" ng kbrank, crank, drank, prank, rank, shrank.
3-a" ng kantitank, bank, blank, clank, dank, flank, Hank, interbank, lank, nonbank, plank, sank, shank, spank, stank, swank, tank, thank, yank.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Frank

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "a-f-k-n-r"

-1 letter: karn, knar, nark, rank.

-2 letters: arf, ark, fan, far, kaf, ran.

-3 letters: an, ar, fa, ka, na.

 Words containing the letters "a-f-k-n-r"
 

+1 letter: franks.

 

+2 letters: finmark, flanker, franked, franker, frankly, ratfink.

 

+3 letters: finmarks, finnmark, flankers, forerank, forsaken, frankers, frankest, franking, franklin, freaking, prefrank, ratfinks.

 

+4 letters: drawknife, fancywork, finnmarks, foreranks, foreshank, forsaking, frankable, frankfurt, franklins, frankness, kingcraft, lakefront, prefranks, scarfskin.

 

+5 letters: backfiring, breakfront, cornflakes, crankshaft, fancyworks, foreshanks, frankfurts, freakiness, kingcrafts, lakefronts, prefranked, scarfskins.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern 		5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Slideshow
7. Images: Photo Album
8. Images: Digital Art 		9. Quotations: Familiar
10. Quotations: Historic
11. Quotations: Fiction
12. Quotations: Non-fiction 		13. Quotations: Spoken
14. Quotations: Speeches
15. Usage Frequency
16. Names: Frequency 		17. Names: Company Usage
18. Cities
19. Expressions
20. Expressions: Internet 		21. Translations: Modern
22. Translations: Ancient
23. Abbreviations
24. Acronyms 		25. Derivations
26. Rhymes
27. Anagrams
28. Bibliography


  

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