
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Definition: Flatten |
FlattenVerb1. Make flat or flatter; "flatten a road", "flatten your stomach with these exercises". 2. Become flat or flatter; "The landscape flattened". 3. Lower the pitch of (musical notes). Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "flatten" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1838. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Flatten vt. [common] To remove structural information, esp. to filter something with an implicit tree structure into a simple sequence of leaves; also tends to imply mapping to flat-ASCII. "This code flattens an expression with parentheses into an equivalent canonical form.". Source: Jargon File. |
Meteorology & Standards | To eliminate the roughness of a surface. Source: European Union. (references) |
Transportation | To take steps to make a sail flatter through use of halyard, cunningham hole, flexible mast, etc. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Synonyms: FlattenSynonyms: drop (v), flatten out (v). (additional references) |
| Antonym: sharpen (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Flatness | Verb: render flat, flatten; level. |
Horizontality | Render horizontal; Adjective: lay down, lay out; level, flatten; prostrate, knock down, floor, fell. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Lyrics | Flatten em (Gettin' Jiggy Wit It; performing artist: Will Smith) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
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| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
![]() | Tank armor Production. Brake presses flatten each piece of tank armor plate after flame-cutting and before machining. Every plane must be perfectly flat to ensure a tight fit in the tank. Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation. Farrell, Pennsylvania. Credit: Library of Congress. | ![]() | Roller constructed by Rehabilitation Administration client which is used to flatten soil between cotton and help in keeping moisture in the land. Near Batesville, Arkansas. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
| Flatten; compress; squish. | Squash; flatten; smoosh; smash; abrade; beat down; bowl over; compress; crush; debase; deflate; depress; even out; fell; floor; flush; grade; ground; iron out; knock down; lay; lay low; level; mow down; plane; plaster; prostrate; raze; roll; smash; smooth. | ||
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| "Flatten" is generally used as a lexical verb (infinitive) -- approximately 59.21% of the time. "Flatten" is used about 152 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 59.21% | 90 | 34,744 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 40.79% | 62 | 42,755 |
| Total | 100.00% | 152 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "flatten" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Flatten | Last name | 170 | 43,805 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
Expressions using "flatten": flatten out ♦ flatten with bombs ♦ To flatten a sail. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "flatten"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | shtrij përdhe, shkatërroj (bash up, blow away, break to pieces, bust up, cast down, consume, crock, dash, decimate, defeat, demolish, depauperate, depredate, destroy, do for, do in, eat, erode, explode, gut, kill, level, rase, ravage, raze, rout, ruin, shake down, shatter, sink, smash, smite, subvert, take away, tear to pieces, throw down, trample down, unbuild, vandalize, wreck, zap), sheshoj (iron out, level, plaster, press out, smooth, smooth out), sheshohem, rrafshoj (equalize, even, flush, level), rrafshohem, palos (double, double up, fold, furl, turn back, turn down), dystoj, dystohet (flatten out). (various references) | |
Arabic | مهد (bed, cradle, even, flat, grade, level, pave, plane, roll, smooth), تسطح, سوى (accommodate, adjust, but, compose, compound, dispose, equalize, equate, even, normalize, patch, regularize, settle, smooth, straighten), سحق (bash, batter, beat, beating, bow, break, crack, crumple, crunch, crush, grind, jam, levigate, mow, overwhelm, pound, pounding, powder, pulverization, pulverize, put down, quash, reduce, run over smth., scotch, slam, smash, squash, squeeze, squelch, steam roller, suppress, sweep, trample, tread, triturate, trituration), سطح (face, flat, flatness, press, prostrate, roof, spread, superficies, surface), طار أفقيا (flatten out), جعله مسطحا, دمر (annihilate, blast, break down, demolish, desolate, destroy, devastate, immolate, overthrow, prey, pull down, pulverize, ravage, ruin, smash, subvert, unbuild, wrack, wreck). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | ставам неинтересен, ставам плосък, сплесквам (jump, telescope), обърквам (abash, addle, baffle, bedevil, befuddle, bewilder, complicate, confound, confuse, discomfit, disconcert, disjoint, dislocate, distract, embarrass, embroil, flummox, fluster, foil, fuddle, gravel, jumble, maze, mess about, mess around, mess up, muddle, muff, muss, nonplus, obfuscate, overwhelm, perplex, pose, put off, put out, puzzle, sew up, snarl, stonker, throw out, tumble, vex, wilder), матирам (frost, mat, mate), правя равен, правя гладък, правя плосък, потискам (clamp, depress, domineer, drive back, get down, grind, gripe, inhibit, mope, muffle, oppress, persecute, pocket, press in, prey, quell, quench, repress, suppress, throttle, tyrannize, weigh down), повалям (blow down, bring down, deck, drop, fell, fling down, floor, hew, knock down, lay low, lay out, level, overthrow, pole-ax, precipitate, prostrate, run down, shoot down, stretch out, strike, strike down, throw down, tumble down, zap), понижавам (abase, abate, degrade, demote, disgrace, impair, lower, reduce, relegate, sing flat, whittle away), изравнявам се (equalize, even), изравнявам (balance, dress, equalize, even, flush, level, plane, roll), изветрявам (die, volatilize). (various references) | |
Chinese | 铺平 (flattened, Flattening), 打倒 , 弄平 . (various references) | |
Czech | zploštit se (flatten out), vyrovnat se (align, Aline, compensate, countervail), vyrovnat (balance, clear off, compound, eke, eke out, equalize, even, even out, even up, justify, level up, meet, quit, settle, settle up, smooth out, stack up, steady), uhladit (polish, sleek, slick, smooth), srovnat (dress, parallel, patch up, straighten, straighten out), rozdrtit (annihilate, crush, demolish, devastate, powder, vanquish, whack). (various references) | |
Danish | glatte (equalize, sleek, slick, smooth), brase et sejl, bakke et sejl. (various references) | |
Dutch | vlakmaken (equalize, smooth), bak staan, afnemen (abate, decline, diminish, wane). (various references) | |
Finnish | tasoittaa (equalize, smooth), silittää (iron, press, smooth smooth down, stroke), olla vastatuulessa, litistää (squash). (various references) | |
French | aplatir (beat smth. flat). (various references) | |
German | planieren (bulldoze, level, level off, level out, planish, to flatten). (various references) | |
Greek | ισοπεδώνω (raze), ισοπεδώ (level), λειαίνω (abrade, sleek, slick, smooth). (various references) | |
Hebrew | לשטח (spread, stretch out), לפחוס (compress, squash), להשתטח (fall flat, prostrate), לרדד (shallow). (various references) | |
Hungarian | lelapul (flatten out, to cower), lapít (to play dead, to play possum, to sit tight). (various references) | |
Indonesian | menggiling (grind, mill, roll), memaparkan (relate, roll out), memapakkan (smoothen), gusur (condemn, drag, haul). (various references) | |
Italian | spianare (level, smooth), levigare (smooth, sand). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 突き崩す (to break through, to crush, to flatten), 突崩す (to break through, to crush, to flatten), 押し潰す (to crush, to flatten, to squash). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | おしつぶす (to crush, to flatten, to squash), つきくずす (to break through, to crush, to flatten). (various references) | |
Korean | 평평하게 하십시요. (various references) | |
Manx | meayllaghey (bald, bare, damp, depilate, depilation, put back), lhiannaghey (flake, laminate, lamination, mangle, mangling, press), lheanaghey (beat out, branch out, broadening, dilate, dilation, expand, expansion, extend, extension, flare, sprain, widen, widening), aachormaghey. (various references) | |
Norwegian | gjøre flat. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | attenflay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | ficar com o pano às costas, tornar insípido (pall), polir (polish, smooth, planish, sleek), pôr sobre, pôr o pano sobre, nivelar (level), igualar (level), enfraquecer (abate, attenuate, decay, diminish, enervate, extenuate, fade, fail, faint, flag, impair, impoverish, jade, languish, peak, pine, rust, sap, slacken, undermine, waste, weaken), desanimar (chill, collapse, damp, deject, depress, despair, despond, discount, discourage, dishearten, dismay, dispirit, drench, quail, throw cold water on, unman, unnerve), dar por davante, aplainar (adz, adze, facilitate, level, plane, planish, trim), alisar (smooth, level, sleek), achatar (convince, squash), abrandar (soften). (various references) | |
Romanian | face insipid, se demoraliza, descuraja (discourage), deveni insipid, deveni plat, lamina (batter, foliate, mill, roll), netezi (arrange, dress, edge, grade, iron, plane, satinize, sleek, smooth, smooth down, Square, stroke, tabulate, trim), aplatiza (iron), pleoşti (lop), turti (cave, Pat, press), se descuraja (collapse), se domoli (abate, ease, lull, quiet down, relent, slacken, soften, swoon), se nivela, se potoli (abate, burn down, calm, dampen, die away, fall, lull, quiet, remit, settle, smooth down, soften, subside), se ruina (break, crash, decay, dilapidate, fall, go under, ruin), se trezi (awake, awaken, rattle up, stale, stir, wake, wake up, waken), nivela (equalize, level, level away, scrape, smooth). (various references) | |
Russian | выравнивать (align, aligned, aligns, aline, equalize, equalizing, even, even out, flatten out, justify, level, unskew). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | zaravniti (level), spljoštiti (planish), spljeskati (swat). (various references) | |
Spanish | alisar (smooth, sleek, slick). (various references) | |
Swedish | få back, tillplatta, ta luften ur (deflate), slå ner (beat down, cast down, clobber, knock down, lay out, strike down, swoop down), sänka ett halvt tonsteg (flat), plattar till, krossa (crush, smash, crunch, mill, quash, shatter, squelch), golva (floor), glätta (gloss, smooth). (various references) | |
Turkish | yerle bir etmek (coventrize, level, raze, raze smth. to the ground), yassılaştırmak, yaslamak (lean, prop, prop up), matlaştırmak (deaden, tarnish), keyfini kaçırmak (discomfort, dispirit, give the pips, indispose, miff, upset), düzlemek (even, flush, plane, plaster, point up, shallow, sleek, slick, smooth, smooth out, smooth over, try out), düzleştirmek (even, level, slick, smooth, surface), düzleşmek (become smooth, even, even out, flatten out), dümdüz etmek (bash in). (various references) | |
Turkmen | яasylamak, яapbaюmak, яapbaюdyrmak, maююartmak. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | стихати (die down, die off, drop, moderate, slake, subside), розгладжувати (sleek), вирівнювати (even, iron out, level, macadamize, plane, smooth out), пригнічувати (aggrieve, cast down, deject, depress, downcast, hold down, hold under, oppress, repress, tread down, yoke). (various references) | |
Welsh | fflatio (flat), lleddfu (allay, assuage, soften, soothe). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "flatten": flattened, flattener, flatteners, flattening, flattens. (additional references) | |
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"Flatten" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: falten, flate, flaten, Flatin, flattern, fleten, flitin, Flitton, flotte, Flottweg, fluten. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "flatten" (pronounced fla"tun) |
| 5 | -l a" t u n | platen. |
| 4 | -a" t u n | fatten, batten, craton, Manhattan, Patten, satin. |
| 3 | -t u n | actin, badminton, beaten, begotten, biotin, bitten, Boston, boughten, Bouton, brighten, bulletin, Burton, button, Canton, capstan, captain, carton, certain, charlatan, chieftain, clandestine, cosmopolitan, cotton, curtain, Dalton, dentin, dishearten, eaten, enlighten, exoskeleton, forgotten, fountain, frighten, frostbitten, gelatin, gluten, gotten, guncotton, handwritten, hearten, heighten, highfalutin, intermountain, intestine, jetton, kindergarten, kitten, lighten, litten, lovastatin, marten, Martin, Melton, metropolitan, misbegotten, mitten, molten, mountain, mutton, nekton, Newton, overwritten, Parton, phytoplankton, piston, plankton, plantain, pleasing, ponton, predestine, prolactin, puritan, rewritten, rotten, Samaritan, Seton, Sexton, shorten, Singleton, skeleton, smitten, spartan, straighten, sultan, sweeten, tartan, teston, threaten, tighten, Titan, Triton, tungsten, typewritten, unbeaten, unbutton, uncertain, underwritten, unwritten, verboten, wanton, wheaten, whiten, written. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-f-l-n-t-t" | |
-1 letter: fatten, latent, latten, talent. | |
-2 letters: fetal, laten, latte, leant. | |
-3 letters: alef, ante, elan, etna, fane, fate, feal, feat, felt, feta, flan, flat, flea, lane, late, leaf, lean, left, lent, neat, nett, tael, tale, tate, teal, teat, tela, tent. | |
-4 letters: aft, ale, alt, ane, ant, ate, att, eat, eft, elf, eta, fan, fat, fen, fet. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-f-l-n-t-t" | |
+1 letter: antileft, flattens. | |
+2 letters: flattened, flattener, flatulent. | |
+3 letters: flatteners, flattening, flattering, flauntiest, infiltrate. | |
+4 letters: battlefront, festinately, flannelette, flatulently, fortunately, infiltrated, infiltrates, leafletting, tactfulness. | |
+5 letters: battlefronts, felicitating, felicitation, flannelettes, flatteringly, frontalities, infiltrative, interfaculty, tastefulness, thankfullest, unflattering. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.