Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Flatness |
FlatnessNoun1. The property of having two dimensions. 2. The property of having little or no contrast; lacking highlights or gloss. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "flatness" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1611. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Electrical Engineering | The maximum peak to peak power variation at all output frequencies in the tuneable frequency range under all specified conditions. Source: European Union. (references) |
Food & Agriculture | Lack of bouquet and freshness of a wine through too much aeration or infection with film yeasts. Source: European Union. (references) |
Industry | Condition of paper or board when it has no curl, cockle or wave. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The flatness of a surface is the degree to which it approximates a mathematical plane. The term is generalized for higher-dimensional manifolds to describe the degree to which they approximate the Euclidean space of the same dimensionality.
Flatness in mechanical engineering
Joseph Whitworth invented the first practical method of making and polishing accurate flat surfaces in 1830. This used engineer's blue and polishing techniques using three trial surfaces. This led to an explosion of development of precision instruments using his flat surfaces as a basis for further construction of precise shapes.
References:
- Wayne R. Moore, Foundations of Mechanical Accuracy, Moore Special Tool Company, Bridgeport, CT (1970)
External links
Flatness in cosmology
In cosmology, a question often asked is "is the Universe flat"? According to the Theory of Relativity, it probably is curved and warped due to gravity.
See also:
- Curvature
- Flatness criterion
External links
- http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Cyberia/Cosmos/FlatnessProblem.html
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Flatness."
Synonyms: FlatnessSynonyms: lusterlessness (n), lustrelessness (n), mat (n), matt (n), matte (n), planeness (n), two-dimensionality (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Dullness | Noun: dullness, heaviness, flatness; infestivity ; stupidity; want of originality; dearth of ideas. |
Flatness | Flatness; Adjective: smoothness. |
Horizontality | Noun: horizontality; flatness; level, plane; stratum; dead level, dead flat; level plane. |
Texture | Texture, surface texture; intertexture, contexture; tissue, grain, web, surface; warp and woof, warp and weft; tooth, nap. (roughness); flatness (smoothness); fineness of grain; coarseness of grain, dry goods. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Flatness |
| English words defined with "flatness": Platness, Proof staff ♦ Surface plate. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "flatness": B Flats, bottle sickness ♦ die-stamping-press operator ♦ ENGRAVING-PRESS OPERATOR ♦ gauge checker, geometrical tolerances ♦ INSPECTOR, GAUGE AND INSTRUMENT, INSPECTOR, HAIRSPRING II, INSPECTOR, SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER, INSPECTOR, WATCH ASSEMBLY, INSPECTOR, WHEEL AND PINION ♦ LAPPING-MACHINE SET-UP OPERATOR ♦ ROLLER-LEVELER OPERATOR ♦ SALVAGE WORKER, SLITTING-MACHINE OPERATOR II, STRETCHER-LEVELER OPERATOR ♦ TIN ROLLER, HOT MILL, TRUING I ♦ wafer etcher, WAFER MOUNTER. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "flatness": Platness. (references) |
| Domain | Title |
Books |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | Yawn; tired; exhausted; catch flies; divide; doze; drowse; expand; gap; gape; give; nap; part; sleep; snooze; spread; yaw; yawp; apathy; detachment; disgust; distaste; doldrums; dullness; ennui; fatigue; flatness; incuriosity; indifference; irksomeness; j. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Flatness" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 92.31% of the time. "Flatness" is used about 52 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 92.31% | 48 | 49,194 |
| Noun (plural) | 7.69% | 4 | 175,879 |
| Total | 100.00% | 52 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "flatness" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Flatness | Last name | 170 | 47,426 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
Expression using "flatness": gain flatness. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
flatness | 20 |
flatness measurement | 9 |
flatness surface | 8 |
surface flatness measurement | 8 |
flatness metrology | 6 |
measure flatness | 5 |
floor flatness | 5 |
flatness plate | 5 |
wafer flatness metrology | 4 |
surface flatness metrology | 4 |
wafer flatness | 4 |
flatness measurement wafer | 3 |
flatness surface wafer | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "flatness"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | vendosmëri (dash, dead set, decision, decisiveness, determination, firmness, purpose, purposefulness, resoluteness, resolution, resolve, steadiness), rrafshësi, mungesë shije, mërzi (aridity, blackness, boredom, depression, drag, dumps, ennui, gloom, mood, spleen, tedium, weariness). (various references) | |
Arabic | سطح (face, flat, flatten, press, prostrate, roof, spread, superficies, surface), رتابة (bureaucracy, humdrum, monotony, routine, sameness, tempo). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | сплеснатост, решителност (chopping, crispness, decision, determination, finality, firmness, pluck, resolution, resolve), гладкост (evenness, fluency, fluidity), отегчителност (dullness, prolixity), еднообразие (dead level, ding-dong, humdrum, jogtrot, monotony, sameness, tedium, uniformity), плоскост (flat, level, plane, surface). (various references) | |
Chinese | 扁平. (various references) | |
Czech | rozhodnost (absoluteness, decision, decisiveness, determination, resolution), plochost (platitude), monotónnost (monotony). (various references) | |
Danish | flov (flabby), udgangseffektvariation (power output variation), tab af bouquet, planhed, bukettab. (various references) | |
Dutch | vlakliggendheid, vlakheid (evenness, regulation), verschaalde smaak, vermogenuitgangsvariatie (power output variation), effenheid (tooth). (various references) | |
Finnish | väljähtänyt (thin), tympeys (disgust, distaste, staleness), tasomaisuus, oikoisuus, lattea (flat), lähtötehon vaihtelu (power output variation), antotehon vaihtelu (power output variation). (various references) | |
French | variation de la puissance de sortie, platitude, planitude, planéité, netteté, monotonie, gout de l'évent, aspect plat, épatement, à plat. (various references) | |
German | flachheit (gentleness, insipidity, insipidness, lowness, shallowness), ebenheit (evenness, levelness, smoothness). (various references) | |
Greek | γεύση του EVENT, μεταβολή ισχύος εξόδου (power output variation), επιπεδότηα, επιπεδότητα, ανουσιότησ (unsavoriness, vapidity), ανουσιότητα (unsavoriness, vapidity), ομαλότησ (evenness, smoothness), ομαλότητα (evenness). (various references) | |
Hebrew | שטיחות (flat). (various references) | |
Hungarian | laposság (vapidity), lakosság (populace, population), egyhangúság (monotone, monotony, unanimity). (various references) | |
Italian | svanito (balmy), regolarità in piano, planarità, piatezza, pianura (plain), decisione (decision). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 平ら (calm, level, plain, smooth). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | たいら (calm, level, plain, sitting tailor fashion, smooth), へんぺい (flat). (various references) | |
Korean | 편평함. (various references) | |
Manx | reaid (amorousness, evenness, gaiety, lechery, mirth, plainness; glee, playfulness, smoothness), merruid, meayllid (baldness, bareness), lheanid (extensiveness, extent), lhaggid (dimness, feebleness, slack), kiunid (calmness, placid, placidity, quiescence, quietude, serenity, stillness), injillid (commonness, condescension`, humility, inferiority, lowness), glennid (chastity, clarity, cleanliness, fineness, hygiene, purity, sharpness, thoroughness), folmid (bareness, blank, blankness, emptiness, hollowness, inanity, shallowness, vacancy, vacuity, vacuum), dreeys (boredom, vapidity). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | atnessflay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | frouxidão (bleakness, laxity, looseness), vulgaridade (platitude), vazio (empty, void, hollow, vacancy), variação da potência de saída (power output variation), prosaísmo (prosaism, prose), planificação (environmental planning, planning, town and country planning, town planning), planicidade, planeidade, nivelamento (grading, leveling, levelling, levelling down high spots, machine grading, planning, regulating, scrubbing the soil surface), lisura (candor, candour), insipidez (baldness, insipidity, insipidness, platitude, vapidity, washiness), igualdade (equality), estagnação dos negócios, arejado em excesso (oxidized), achatamento (flattening, rolling). (various references) | |
Romanian | suprafaţã platã, plictisealã (bore, boredom, botheration, ennui, heaviness, monotony, ponderosity, prolixity, spleen, tediousness, tedium, trouble, weariness), platitudine (baldness, bromide, cliché, commonplace, platitude, sterility), netezime, lipsã de gust, lâncezealã (apathy, atony, dullness, languishment, lassitude, torpor, weakness), hotãrâre (act, adjudgement, adjudgment, adjudication, award, conclusion, decision, decree, determination, dispensation, firmness, judgement, order, ordinance, peremptoriness, resoluteness, resolution, resolve, result, rule, sentence, stoutness, verdict, will, writ), caracter plan, caracter categoric, caracter anost, bemolizare. (various references) | |
Russian | плоскость (plane, platitude, sheet). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | ravnost, monotonost. (various references) | |
Spanish | venteado (guying, staying), planitud (power output variation), planidad, planicidad, llanura (plain), desvaído (gaunt), categoría (category, grade, position, rank). (various references) | |
Swedish | flathet (blank amazement, indulgence, weakness), faddhet (insipidity, vapidity), planhet (planarity). (various references) | |
Turkish | yassılık, tekdüzelik (monotony, rut, sameness, squirrel cage, uniformity), monotonluk (dinginess, dryness, monotone, monotonous, monotony, sameness, squirrel cage, tameness, uniformity), kesatlık (slackness, stagnancy, stagnation, tie up, tightness), kararlılık (ballast, decision, decisiveness, determination, doggedness, equipoise, fixity, immovability, inflexibility, insistence, resoluteness, resolution, singleness, singleness of purpose, stability, stableness, steadiness, stoutness, strenght of purpose), düzlük (esplanade, evenness, Fen, flat, floor, level, plain, plainness, platform, straight), azimlilik (militancy). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | рішучість (dash, decision, determination, firmness, fixedness, purpose, resoluteness, spirit, vigor, vigour), рівність (egality, equability, equality, evenness, owelty, par, parity, straightness), банальність (banality, commonness, commonplace, humdrum, platitude, vapidity). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | tính chất dứt khoát (outrightness), sự phẳng, sự bẹt tính chất thẳng thừng, sự bằng. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | planitie, planitiem. (various references) |
| French | 1500-Modern | platitude. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "flatness": flatnesses. (additional references) | |
| |
"Flatness" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: falcatones, flashness. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "flatness" (pronounced fla"tnus) |
| 4 | -t n u s | abruptness, absoluteness, acuteness, alertness, appropriateness, astuteness, bluntness, brightness, compactness, completeness, correctness, cuteness, directness, earnestness, eyewitness, faintness, fastness, fitness, forthrightness, gauntness, greatness, ineptness, inertness, lateness, lightfastness, lightness, neatness, politeness, quietness, remoteness, rightness, robustness, separateness, shortness, softness, steadfastness, stoutness, sweetness, swiftness, tartness, tightness, unpleasantness, vastness, wetness, whiteness, witness. |
| 3 | -n u s | aggressiveness, agribusiness, airworthiness, aloofness, alumnus, Anas, androgynous, anise, arbitrariness, assertiveness, asynchronous, attentiveness, attractiveness, awareness, awfulness, awkwardness, backwardness, badness, bagginess, baldness, bearishness, bigness, bitterness, bituminous, blackness, blandness, bleakness, blindness, boldness, bonus, boorishness, brashness, bullishness, business, callousness, calmness, carelessness, casualness, cautiousness, cavernous, cheapness, chitinous, cleanliness, cleanness, cleverness, closeness, cloudiness, clumsiness, cockiness, cohesiveness, coldness, Colonus, combativeness, competitiveness, consciousness, contagiousness, contentiousness, contrariness, Conus, coolness, coziness, craziness, creativeness, creditworthiness, creepiness, crispness, crookedness, dampness, darkness, Deaconess, deadliness, deafness, decisiveness, defensiveness, destructiveness, disingenuousness, distinctiveness, divisiveness, dizziness, dreariness, drowsiness, drunkenness, dryness, dullness, eagerness, edginess, effectiveness, elusiveness, emptiness, evenness, exogenous, fairness, farsightedness, fickleness, firmness, fondness, foolishness, forcefulness, forgiveness, foulness, fractiousness, frankness, freshness, friendliness, frothiness, fullness, funniness, furnace, gayness, gelatinous, gentleness, genuineness, genus, ghastliness, gluttonous, goodness, governess, graciousness, greenness, grimness, hairiness, handedness, happiness, hardness, harmfulness, harness, harshness, heinous, helplessness, highness, hoarseness, holiness, homelessness, homesickness, homogenous, hopefulness, hopelessness, humanness, idleness, illness, inclusiveness, indebtedness, indecisiveness, indigenous, ineffectiveness, intravenous, intrusiveness, inventiveness, joblessness, Johannes, kindness, larcenous, largeness, lawlessness, laziness, lenis, likeness, liveliness, loneliness, lousiness, luminous, madness, Manus, meanness, membranous, menace, Minas, mindedness, minus, monotonous, mountainous, mutinous, narrowness, nastiness, nearsightedness, nervousness, newness, niceness, nitrogenous, nonbusiness, nonpoisonous, nosiness, nothingness, numbness, ominous, oneness, onus, openness, orderliness, otherness, outrageousness, outspokenness, pandanus, peacefulness, penis, permissiveness, persuasiveness, pervasiveness, pettiness, playfulness, poisonous, polygynous, pompousness, possessiveness, powerlessness, preparedness, queasiness, quickness, raciness, randomness, rareness, ravenous, rawness, readiness, reasonableness, rebelliousness, recklessness, redness, resistiveness, resourcefulness, responsiveness, restiveness, restlessness, restrictiveness, richness, righteousness, riskiness, roominess, roughness, rowdiness, rudeness, ruinous, ruthlessness, sacredness, sadness, Salinas, sameness, scantiness, secretiveness, selfishness, selflessness, sensitiveness, seriousness, shakiness, shallowness, sharpness, shortsightedness, shrewdness, shyness, sickness, silliness, sinus, skittishness, slackness, sleepiness, sloppiness, slovenliness, slowness, sluggishness, slyness, smallness, smoothness, smugness, solitariness, soundness, spiritedness, squeamishness, starkness, steadiness, steepness, sternness, stiffness, stillness, stinginess, strangeness, stubbornness, sturdiness, suddenness, suggestiveness, tardiness, tastiness, tenderness, tetanus, thickness, thinness, thoroughness, thoughtfulness, timeliness, tiredness, togetherness, toughness, trustworthiness, truthfulness, ugliness, unconsciousness, uneasiness, unfairness, unhappiness, uniqueness, unwieldiness, unwillingness, usefulness, vagueness, venous, viciousness, villainous, vindictiveness, vividness, voluminous, wariness, wastefulness, waterishness, weakness, weariness, weightlessness, weirdness, wellness, wholeness, wholesomeness, wickedness, wilderness, wildness, willingness, wimpiness, wistfulness, wonderfulness, worldliness, worthiness, wryness. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-f-l-n-s-s-t" | |
-1 letter: falsest, fastens, fatless, fatness. | |
-2 letters: assent, fasten, feasts, festal, flanes, latens, leasts, safest, sanest, slants, slates, stales, stanes, steals, tassel, teslas. | |
-3 letters: alefs, antes, asset, easts, elans, etnas, false, fanes, fasts, fates, feast, feats, felts, fetal, fetas, flans, flats, fleas, lanes, lases, lasts, laten, leafs, leans, leant, least, lefts, nates, neats, nests, safes. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-f-l-n-s-s-t" | |
+2 letters: artfulness, faultiness, flagstones, flatnesses, sulfonates. | |
+3 letters: factualness, fatefulness, forestlands, hatefulness, insufflates, tactfulness, tearfulness, transferals. | |
+4 letters: artfulnesses, boastfulness, faithfulness, fatherliness, faultinesses, gratefulness, semifinalist, tastefulness, teaspoonfuls, teaspoonsful, thankfulness, transfusable, transfusible, wastefulness, watchfulness, wrathfulness. | |
+5 letters: affectionless, beautifulness, colorfastness, effectualness, factualnesses, faithlessness, fanaticalness, fatefulnesses, faultlessness, fictionalises, fraternalisms, hatefulnesses, healthfulness, lightfastness, masterfulness, semifinalists, tactfulnesses, tearfulnesses. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
