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Film

Definition: Film

Film

Noun

1. A form of entertainment that enacts a story by a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement; "they went to a movie every Saturday night"; "the film was shot on location".

2. A medium (art or business) that disseminates moving pictures: "theater pieces transferred to celluloid"; "this story would be good cinema"; "film coverange of sporting events".

3. A thin coating or layer; "the table was covered with a film of dust".

4. A thin sheet of (usually plastic and usually transparent) material used to wrap or cover things.

5. Photographic material consisting of a base of celluloid covered with a photographic emulsion; used to make negatives or transparencies.

Verb

1. Make a film or photograph of something; "take a scene"; "shoot a movie".

2. Record in film; "The coronation was filmed".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "film" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1595. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: Film

DomainDefinition

Chemical Industry

Unsupported, basically organic, non-fibrous, thin, flexible material of a thickness not exceeding 0. 010 inch. Source: European Union. (references)
 A dry, continuous layer of one or more coats of paint or printing ink. Source: European Union. (references)

Chemistry

A layer adjacent to the valve metal and in which the high potential drop is located when current flows in the direction of high impedance. Source: European Union. (references)

Fine Arts

Sensitized materials in the form of an emulsion coated on a flexible base - e. g. , celluloid or plastic. Source: European Union. (references)

Food & Agriculture

The growth of microorganisms which forms a continuous layer over the surface of a liquid. Source: European Union. (references)

Industry

A thin sheet of material. Source: European Union. (references)

Law

Cinematographic or audiovisual work or moving images, whether or not accompanied by sound. Source: European Union. (references)

Mining

A. A term used in flotation meaning a coating, layer, or thin membrane. b. A thin layer of a substance, at the most a few molecules thick, generally differing in properties from other layers in contact with i. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Academy Award for Best Picture

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

This Academy Award is given to the motion picture voted best each year by the Academy.

This page shows the winner first followed by the nominees for that year.

Each entry shows the title followed by the production company, and the producer. When the film was produced in a country other than the United States that is shown in parentheses after the production company.

The years shown are the production years, thus a reference to 1967 means the Oscars presented in 1968 for movies made in 1967.

This award was originally called Best Production.

Best Picture, Unique and Artistic Production also known as "Best Artistic Quality of Production" was only presented in the first year. Best Production The name of the award becomes Best Picture
See also : Academy Awards

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Academy Award for Best Picture."

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Clue (1985 movie)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Clue is a 1985 U.S comedy film based on the boardgame Clue (a.k.a. Cluedo). The film uses the characters and murder mystery premise of the boardgame as the basis for a quickfire farce.

A failure at the box office, Clue found new life on home video and has become what is known as a cult film. This is particularly notable as Tim Curry, who starred as the butler, was also in another famous cult film: the Rocky Horror Picture Show.

The movie is unusual in that it was made with three different endings, labeled A through C. The alternate endings played at different cinemass during its theatrical release. Critics hailed "Ending B" as the favorite and, therefore, this was the most popular ending in theaters. The consumer home video version includes all three endings, with silent film-style title cards interspersed between.

Though based on the Clue premise and featuring the game's characters and mansion, the film took several liberties. Writers Landis and Lynn added more characters (a butler, a cook) and added a maid separate from Mrs. White, who was pictured as a maid in the board games but in the film was the widow of a nuclear scientist. Also, the mansion's geography was changed, and three floors were added. Finally, the film was set in 1946 New England, while the actual board game was British originally.

Directed by Jonathan Lynn, written by John Landis and Jonathan Lynn. Featuring:

See also: Clue board game, Clue video game

External Link

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Dune (movie)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Dune is a 1984 movie directed by David Lynch. It starred Kyle MacLachlan as Paul Atreides and pop-star Sting as Feyd-Rautha.

Warning: Wikipedia contains spoilers.

The movie is an adaptation of the first part of a series of novels by Frank Herbert, with elements from the later parts. Lynch originally wanted to create a much longer movie; his first draft was five hours. As the production ran out of money and the producers wanted a format better suited for cinemas, much of the original footage was cut and replaced by narration.

Lynch uses a number of elements from his earlier movies, for example the figure of the Space Guild Navigator, who has a strong resemblance to the alien baby in Lynch's first movie, Eraserhead, which also appeared in The Elephant Man. Another element is the use of low, humming sounds which create unease in spectators when used over a longer period of time.

In financial terms, the movie was a disaster, but has a number of dedicated fans.

The film's chief flaw is its almost total lack of exposition; the audience is presented with a barrage of admittedly fascinating sounds and images, but unless they have read the book few of those sounds and images will make the slightest bit of sense to them.

Dune was recently remade as a three part miniseries for release on cable and rental video/DVD.

External link

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East of Eden (1955 movie)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Based on the novel by John Steinbeck, East of Eden was directed by Elia Kazan. The film stars James Dean as Cal and Richard Davalos as his brother Aron in this retelling of the Cain and Abel story.

=Awards=

Academy Awards 1956

Academy Award for Best Actress: Winner Jo Van Fleet
Academy Award for Best Actor: Nominated James Dean
Academy Award for Directing: Nominated Elia Kazan
Academy Award for Best Writing, screenplay: Nominated Paul Osborn

BAFTA Awards 1956

Best Film from Any Source: Nominated
Best Foreign Actor: Nominated James Dean
Most Promising Newcomer: Nominated Jo Van Fleet

Cannes Film Festival 1955

Winner - Best Dramatic Film, Elias Kazan

Golden Globes 1956

Winner - Best Motion Picture Drama

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "East of Eden (1955 movie)."

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Film

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Initially, moving pictures meant only the movement that is perceived when a string of celluloid-recorded images are projected at a rate of about 16 or more frames per second (see persistence of vision). Today, motion pictures (or "movies") are an art form, as well as one of the most popular forms of entertainment.

A feature film is usually defined as being more than 60 minutes in length.

Opportunities to see a feature film include:

History of cinema

Originally moving picture film was shot at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras; then the speed for mechanized cameras and projectors was standardized at 16 frames per second, which was faster than much existing hand-cranked footage. A new standard speed, 24 frames per second, came with the introduction of sound. Improvements since the late 1800s include the mechanization of cameras, allowing them to record at a consistent speed, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synch sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding video. Since the advent of many other media technologies, film may include a broad range of media — both linear and non-linear, dramatic and informational, motion and still (though progressive).

List of movie-related topics

Film people

Actors
Film crew
film criticism
Film directors
Screenwriter
Movie studio
Experimental filmmaker
Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince
Etienne-Jules Marey

Classification by chronology

List of 'years in film'
1960s movies
1970s movies
1980s movies
1990s movies
2000s movies

Classification by geographical location of production

External links, references, and resources

 simple:Cinema

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Film."

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Film (movie)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Film is a film written by Samuel Beckett, his only screenplay. It was written in 1963, shot in 1964 with Buster Keaton in the central role, and first shown in public in 1965. The director for that version was Alan Schneider.

The version as shot differed from Beckett's original script in a number of ways. The work is studied by, and has been the subject of criticism from both film and theatre scholars, with the former tending to study the film as shot, the latter tending to study the script as written. Critical opinion is mixed, but it is generally held in higher regard by film scholars than it is by theatre or Beckett scholars.

What the viewer of Film sees is a man in a street (Keaton) being followed by the camera. The man only becomes aware he is being followed when the angle between himself and the camera exceeds a certain degree. When this happens, he shrinks away from the camera and the camera quickly adjusts so it cannot be perceived once more.

The man goes to a room, where there is a cat, a dog, a parrot and a goldfish. He takes the cat and dog out of the room, and covers the parrot cage and goldfish bowl with his coat. Likewise, a print on the wall of God staring at him is removed and torn up, and a mirror hanging on the wall is covered up. The impression given is of a man attempting to flee all perception.

At the very end of the film, the man begins to sleep, and the camera exceeds the angle by which he can be perceived by the man, moving directly in front of him. The man wakes up, and for the first time sees his pursuer, who is revealed to be not some external force, but the man himself. A possible reading of this is that self-perception is inescapable. Thus, it is not surprising that the original script begins with George Berkeley's dictum, "esse est percipi," meaning, "to be is to be perceived."

In Beckett's original script, the two facets of the protagonist are represented by the letters E (the Eye) and O (the Object).

The film is silent, apart from a single "sssh!" near its beginning.

Keaton reportedly was unhappy with his role in the movie, as it differed from any movie he had taken part in previously.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Film (movie)."

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Film format

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Movie film formats

Amateur formats:

Professional formats:

Still photography film formats

Multiple image

Designation Type Year Size and comment
101 roll film 1895-1956 3 1/2" x 3 1/2"
102 roll film 1896-1933 1 1/2" x 2"
103 roll film 1896-1949 3 3/4" x 4 3/4"
104 roll film 1897-1949 4 3/4" x 3 3/4"
105 roll film 1897-1949 2 1/4" x 3 1/4", see 120 film
106 for roll holder 1898-1924 3 1/2" x 3 1/2"
107 for roll holder 1898-1924 3 1/4" x 4 1/4"
108 for roll holder 1898-1929 4 1/4" x 3 1/4"
109 for roll holder 1898-1924 4" x 5"
110 for roll holder 1898-1929 5" x 4"
110 Instamatic cartridge 1972-Present 13 x 17 mm, see 110 film
111 for roll holder 1898-Unknown 6 1/2" x 4 3/4"
112 for roll holder 1898-1924 7" x 5"
113 for roll holder 1898-Unknown 9 x 12 cm
114 for roll holder 1898-Unknown 12 x 9 cm
115 roll film 1898-1949 6 3/4" x 4 3/4"
116, A-116 roll film 1899-1984 2 1/2" x 4 1/4", A for Autographic
117 roll film 1900-1949 2 1/4" x 2 1/4", see 120 film
118, A-118 roll film 1900-1961 3 1/4" x 4 1/4"
119 roll film 1900-1940 4 1/4" x 3 1/4"
120, A-120 roll film 1901-Present See 120 film
121 roll film 1902-1941 1 5/8" x 2 1/2"
122, A-122 roll film 1903-1971 3 1/4" x 5 1/2", Postcard
123, A-123 roll film 1904-1949 4" x 5"
124 roll film 1905-1961 3 1/4" x 4 1/4"
125 roll film 1905-1949 3 1/4" x 5 1/2"
126, A-126 roll film 1906-1949 4 1/4" x 6 1/2"
126 Instamatic cartridge 1963-2000 26.5 x 26.5 mm, see 126 film
127, A-127 roll film 1912-1995 See 127 film
128 roll film 1912-1941 1 1/2" x 2 1/4"
129 roll film 1912-1951 1 7/8" x 3"
130, A-130 roll film 1916-1961 2 7/8" x 4 7/8"
135 cartridge 1934-Present See 135 film
220 roll film 1965-Present See 120 film
235 loading spool 1934-Unknown 24 x 36 mm, see 135 film
240 APS cartridge 1996-Present See APS film
335 loading spool 1952-Unknown 24 x 23 mm, see 135 film
435 loading spool 1934-Unknown 24 x 36 mm, see 135 film
616 roll film 1931-1984 2 1/2" x 4 1/4" or 2 1/2" x 2 1/8"
620 roll film 1931-1995 See 120 film
645 format only 6 x 4.5 cm, see 120 film
828 roll film 1935-1985 28 x 40 mm, 35mm wide Bantam, 8 exp.
35 roll film 1916-1933 1 1/4" x 1 3/4", 35mm wide
HR, VR disc cartridge 1982-1998 See disc film
Minox roll film 1938-Present 8 x 11 mm, 9.2 mm wide, 15 and 36 exp.
Karat cartridge 1936-Unknown Early Agfa cartridge for 35 mm film
Rapid cartridge 1964-1990s Agfa cartridge for 35 mm film, 12 exp
SL cartridge 1958-1990 Orwo Schnell-Lade Kassette for 35 mm film
K 16 cartridge 1987-Unknown Orwo, 16 mm wide, 20 exp

Unless otherwise noted, all formats were introduced by Kodak, who began allocating the number series in 1913. Before that, films were just identified by the name of the cameras they were intended for.

For roll holder means film for cartridge roll holders, allowing roll film to be used with cameras designed to use glass plates.

The primary reason there were so many different negative formats in the early days was that prints were made by contact, without use of an enlarger. The film format would thus be exactly the same as the size of the print -- so if you wanted large prints, you would have to use a large camera and corresponding film format.

Single image

Size (in inches) Type
2 x 3 sheet film
3 x 4 sheet film
4 x 5 sheet film
5 x 7 sheet film
8 x 10 sheet film
11 x 14 sheet film
16 x 20 sheet film

Instant image

Designation Type
SX-70 Polaroid flat film cartridge with integrated battery
Type 88 Polaroid flat film cartridge
Type 100 Polaroid flat film cartridge

See also

References

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Film format."

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Film production

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Film production stages include (very broadly)

Pre-production:

Post-production: Distribution / marketing

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Film production."

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Film technique

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Special effects (FX): Editing: Frame: Shots: Other: See also film, motion picture terminology, film crew, List of video topics

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Film technique."

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Film theory

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Film theory seeks to develop concise, systematic concepts that apply to film and video. Classical film theory provides a structural framework to address classical issues of techniques, narrativity, diegesis, cinematic codes, "the image", genre, subjectivity, and authorship. More recent analysis has given rise to psychoanalytic film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory, and theories of documentary, new media, third cinema, and new queer cinema, to name just a few. See also film criticism.

For specific theories of film, see:

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Frankenstein (1931)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Frankenstein is a 1931 horror film based on the work by Mary Shelley. The film tells the story of a scientist named Dr. Henry (Victor in the novel) Frankenstein whose work takes him into the dark side of life after death. It stars Colin Clive, Mae Clarke, John Boles and Boris Karloff (billed only with a question mark in the opening credits).

The movie was adapted by John L. Balderston, Francis Edward Faragoh, Garrett Fort, Robert Florey (uncredited) and John Russell (uncredited) from the Shelly novel and the play by Peggy Webling. It was directed by James Whale and has been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

Frankenstein was followed by the 1935 sequel Bride of Frankenstein.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Frankenstein (1931)."

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Hexer

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Hexer (Wiedzmin) Geralt, a character created by Andrzej Sapkowski. Hexers are professional monster killers who receive special training and preparation. They are mutants with supernatural abilities, without feelings (they instead have hexer code which tells them what is good and what is wrong), who can't have children. Geralt is one of the best hexers, however he is becoming an outcast among his own kind because he has feelings.

External link

Hexer is the name of first short story of Andrzej Sapkowski, published in 1986.

This is also name of the movie, which was probably the most anticipated one in Poland during the last ten years, with director Marek Brodzki, scenario written by Michal Szczerbic, and Michal Zebrowski playing Geralt the Hexer. The movie was a total disaster, however the creators refused to admit that fact.

External link

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Horror film

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

A horror film is a film dominated by elements of horror. This film genre incorporates a number of sub-genres and repeated themes, such as slasher themes, vampire themes, zombie themes, demonic possession, alien mind control, evil children, cannibalism, werewolves, animals attacking humans, haunted houses, etc. The horror film genre is often associated with low budgets and exploitation, but major studios and well-respected directors have made intermittent forays into the genre. Some horror films exhibit a substantial amount of cross-over with other genres, particularly science fiction.

Certain stories and themes have proven popular and have inspired many sequels, remakes, and copycats. See Frankenstein, The Creature from the Black Lagoon, Dracula, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, werewolves, and zombies.

History and milestones

The horror genre is nearly as old as film itself. The first "monster movies" were silent shorts created by film pioneer Georges Melies in the late 1890s. The earliest horror-themed feature films were created by German filmmakers in the early 1900s; the most enduring of these is probably F. W. Murnau's Nosferatu 1922, the first vampire-themed feature. Early Hollywood dramas dabbled in horror themes including versions of The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923) and The Monster (1925) (both starring Lon Chaney, the first American horror-film movie star).

It was in the early 1930s that American movie studios, particularly Universal Studios, created the modern horror film genre, bringing to the screen a series of successful gothic-steeped features including Dracula, Frankenstein (both 1931), and The Mummy (1932) (all of which spawned numerous sequels). These films, while designed to thrill, also incorporated more serious elements, and were influenced by the Freudian concepts that were gaining currency at the time. Actors, notably Boris Karloff, began to build careers around the genre.

In the nuclear-charged atmosphere of the 1950s the tone of horror films shifted away from the gothic and towards the modern. A seemingly endless parade of low-budget productions featured humanity overcoming threats from Outside: alien invasions, and deadly mutations to people, plants, and insects. During this time the horror and sci-fi genres were often interchangable. These films provided ample opportunity for audience exploitation, with gimmicks such as 3-D and "Percepto" (producer William Castle's electric-shock technique used for 1957's The Tingler) drawing audiences in week after week for bigger and better scares. The better horror films of this period, including Howard Hawks' The Thing From Another World (1951) and Don Siegel's Invasion of the Body Snatchers managed to channel the paranoia of the Cold War into atmospheric creepiness without resorting to exploitation. Filmmakers would continue to merge elements of science fiction and horror, notably in Ridley Scott's Alien (1979).

The late 1950s and early 1960s saw the rise of studios centered specifically around horror, notably British production company Hammer Films, which specialized in bloody remakes of classic horror stories, often starring Peter Cushing and Christopher Lee, and American International Pictures (AIP), which made a series of Edgar Allan Poe themed films starring Vincent Price. These sometimes-controversial productions paved the way for more explicit violence in both horror and mainstream films.

Later in the 1960s the genre moved towards non-supernatural psychological horror, with thrillers such as Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho (1960) using all-too-human monsters rather than supernatural ones to scare the audience. Psychological horror films would continue to appear sporadically with 1991's The Silence of the Lambs a later highlight of the subgenre.

In the late 1960s and 1970s a public fascination with the occult fed and was fed by a series of serious, supernatural-themed, often explicitly gory horror movies. Roman Polanski's Rosemary's Baby (1968) was a critical and popular success and laid the groundwork for the seminal horror film The Exorcist (1973) (directed by William Friedkin and written by William Peter Blatty, who also wrote the novel). Far from exploitation, these films incorporated subtext and symbolism, and had production values equal to any serious film of the time. The Exorcist spawned numerous sequels and imitators, notably The Omen (1976).

The genre fractured somewhat in the late 1970s, with mainstream Hollywood focusing on disaster movies such as The Towering Inferno and blockbuster thrillers such as Jaws while independent filmmakers upped the ante with disturbing and explicit gore-fests such as Tobe Hooper's The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1974). In 1978, the prototypical slasher movie, John Carpenter's Halloween, debuted to great popular success. An effective and atmospheric shocker, Halloween introduced the teens-threatened-by-superhuman-evil theme that would be copied in dozens of lesser, increasingly violent movies throughout the 1980s including the long-running Friday the 13th and A Nightmare on Elm Street series, as well as several, often far-flung, sequels to Halloween itself.

With nowhere left to go in the realm of explicit violence, horror movies turned to self-mocking irony and outright parody in the 1990s. Wes Craven's Scream movies featured teenagers who were fully aware of and often made reference the history of horror movies, and mixed ironic humor with the shocks. Sam Raimi's Evil Dead films both parodied and advanced the zombie genre. Of popular recent horror films, only 1999's surprise independent hit The Blair Witch Project attempted straight-ahead scares, and then in the ironic context of a mock documentary.

Early horror entries in the 2000s have been a mixed bag of teen exploitation (such as the Final Destination movies) and more serious attempts at mainstream horror, notably the horror-suspense films of M. Night Shyamalan and Gore Verbinski's remake of the Japanese horror film Ringu, The Ring.

Lists

Notable horror film directors include:

Notable horror film actors include:

Notable horror films include:

See also horror fiction.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Horror film."

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Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989), directed by Steven Spielberg. Starring Harrison Ford, Sean Connery, Denholm Elliott, Julian Glover and John Rhys-Davies. The third installment of the Indiana Jones movies.

When Dr. Henry Jones, Sr. (played by Sean Connery) vanishes while pursuing a life-long search for the Holy Grail, Indiana must retrace his father's steps in the hopes of rescuing him -- and the Grail -- from the clutches of the Nazi military machine.

Lucasfilm Games released a graphical adventure game based on the film.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade."

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List of gay movies

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Movies that deal with gay issues, feature important gay characters, and/or have homosexuality or a homosexual relationship as an important plot device (in alphabetical order):

1 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

1

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

See also

External link

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M A S H

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

M*A*S*H is a 1970 satirical American black comedy film directed by Robert Altman, based on the novel written by Richard Hooker. Nominally about an outfit of medical personnel stationed at a Mobile Army Surgical Hospital during the Korean War, the film stars Donald Sutherland and Elliot Gould. M*A*S*H went on to inspire a M*A*S*H television series

M*A*S*H, unlike many war films had an anti-war message, but delivers it with a light touch—shown through moderate anarchy, bizarre conversation, and the boredom, stress, and resentment of the drafted physicians. The film's critics disliked the film's limits on war carnage in favor of camp existence, and also for a certain callous attitude, notably in the treatment of the characters played by Robert Duvall and Sally Kellerman.

The film is episodic, with considerable changes in tone and marked by Altman's trademark style of overlapping conversations or sounds and unusual use of zoom. In the director's commentary on the DVD release of this film, Altman claims that this was the first movie to dare use the word "fuck" (spoken during the football game near the end of the film). This is perhaps untrue, however, as the movies I'll Never Forget What's His Name and Ulysses (both released in 1967) each claim to be the first to utter the famous profanity.

The film has been deemed "culturally significant" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

The film won the 1970 Palme d'Or (Golden Palm) at the Cannes Film Festival.

The M*A*S*H features the song "Suicide is Painless", with music by Johnny Mandel and lyrics by Mike Altman, the director's brother. The television show used an instrumental version as its theme tune.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "M A S H."

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Musical film

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

A musical film belongs to a film genre that features songs, sung by the actors, interwoven into the narrative. The songs are usually used to advance the plot or develop the film's characters. A sub-genre of the musical is the musical comedy, which includes a strong element of humour as well as the usual music, dancing and storyline.

The musical is responsible for the transition from silent film to sound film in the development of the motion picture. The popularity of movies grew rapidly during the golden days of the silent film era, but the concept of "talking pictures" was considered a risky investment by the major Hollywood studios, until the Warner Bros studio took the leap and produced The Jazz Singer, starring Al Jolson. Jolson's song "Mammy" in the picture forever changed the medium of film, and it jolted Hollywood into the era of sound.

As Hollywood adapted to sound films, musicals were an important part of Hollywood's movie output, ranking alongside action movies (Westerns), dramas, and comedies. Musical stars such as Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers were among the most popular and highly respected personalities in Hollywood, and many regular actors gladly participated in musicals as a way to break away from their typical typecast roles. For instance, James Cagney had originally risen to fame on the stage as a singer and dancer, and he was highly talented; but his repeated casting in "tough guy" roles and gangster movies gave him few chances to display these talents. Cagney's Oscar-winning role in Yankee Doodle Dandy allowed him to sing and dance, and he considered it to be one of his finest moments.

Many comedies (and a few dramas) included their own musical numbers. The Marx Brothers' movies included a musical number in nearly every film, allowing the Marx Brothers themselves to highlight their own musical talents.

The musical in film was a natural development from the stage musical. Typically the biggest difference between the movie musical and the musical theater is the use of lavish background scenery which would be impractical in a theater. Many musical films, e.g. Oklahoma and The Sound of Music, are straightforward adaptations or restagings of successful stage productions. Others, e.g. Moulin Rouge, were specifically written for the screen, and some, such as Singin' in the Rain, have made a reverse transition from their original screen version to a successful stage format at a much later date. The trend in modern film-making is not to make a "musical" as such, but to use a lot of background music by popular rock or pop bands in the hopes of selling the soundtrack album to fans. There are exceptions to this rule, and films about actors, dancers or singers have been made as successful modern-style musicals, with the music as an intrinsic part of the storyline. The other exception to the rule is children's animated movies. These almost always include traditional musical numbers, and some of them (eg Beauty and the Beast) have later become full live stage productions.

Famous film musicals include:

Live action:

Animated musicals (mostly by Disney):

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My Left Foot (film)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

My Left Foot, by Christy Brown, is a 1989 autobiographical film which tells the story of Christy Brown, an Irishman born with cerebral palsy, who can only move his left foot. It stars Daniel Day-Lewis, Brenda Fricker, Alison Whelan, Kirsten Sheridan, Declan Croghan, Eanna MacLiam, Marie Conmee and Cyril Cusack.

The movie was adapted by Shane Connaughton and Jim Sheridan from the book by Christy Brown. It was directed by Sheridan.

It won Academy Awards for Best Actor in a Leading Role (Daniel Day-Lewis) and Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Brenda Fricker). It was nominated for Best Director, Best Picture and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "My Left Foot (film)."

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Photographic film

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Photographic film is a sheet of plastic (polyester or celluloid) coated with an emulsion containing a light-sensitive chemical such as silver nitrate. Other modern light-sensitive layers consist of silver halide salts with variable crystal size that determine the sensitivity of the film. When the emulsion is subjected to controlled exposure to light (or other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays), it forms a latent image. Chemical processes can then be applied to the film to create a visible image; This process is called film developing.

Depending on the type of film being exposed, the image produced is either positive polarity (direct view) or negative polarity (must be printed to positive polarity for proper viewing). Positive film produces slides or transparencies, which can be viewed directly, scanned, or projected. Many professional photographers favour slide film, which is scanned before being published in magazines or brochures. Slides can be inspected for sharpness using a high-powered magnifying glass, known as a Lupe, and do not need to be printed to see the actual image produced.

Film speed describes a films sensitivity to light. Fast films are very receptive to light, slow films are not. Films are commonly given ISO (International Standards Organisation) rating on the following scale:

ISO 25, ISO 50, ISO 100, IS0 200, ISO 400, ISO 800, ISO 1600, ISO 3200

ISO 25 film is very "slow", so requires much more time to produce a well-exposed image than ISO 800 film. ISO 800, 1600 and 3200 film is thus better suited to dim weather conditions, and action shots. The benefit of slow film is that it usually has finer grain than fast film. Professional photographers usually seek fine grain, and therefore require a tripod to expose an image on slow film and keep the camera still for the duration of the shot.

Instant (Polaroid) photography uses a special type of camera and film that automates and integrates developing and printing, without the need of further equipment or chemicals. This process is carried out photo-by-photo, as opposed to the regular system, where the exposure of a whole film is finished before developing.

Black-and-white photographic film uses one layer of silver, whereas colour film uses a three-layer dye-based structure.

Because photographic film was ubiquitous in the production of motion pictures, or movies, these are also known as films.

The first transparent photographic film was made by Eastman Kodak in 1885. Roll film, allowing several images without opening the camera, was introduced by Kodak in 1895. See also film formats. Prior to this, glass photographic plates were required, which were far more expensive and cumbersome, albeit also of better quality.

Companies that manufacture photographic film:

See also: Timeline of photography technology

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Photographic film."

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Roll film

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The roll film was invented by Eastman Kodak, and was the prime factor in making photography available for the common man.

In producing roll film, photographic film is rolled onto a single wood, metal or plastic bobbin with a protective outer backing paper.

Due to the backing paper being non-translucent, the photographer may load the film into the camera in subdued daylight. As images are taken, exposed film is rolled over to an identical but initially empty receiving bobbin. For cameras with simple advance mechanisms, most roll film formats have frame number markings printed on the backing paper, visible through a red window at the rear of the camera. When all images are exposed, the film is not rewound. Instead, the now empty bobbin is moved ready to become the receiver of the next roll of film.

See also: film format

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Roll film."

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The Hours

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The Hours is a 2002 film drama about three women of different generations and times whose lives are interconnected by the novel Mrs. Dalloway, written by Virginia Woolf. Nicole Kidman plays the role of the famous British writer, Julianne Moore does the part of a frustrated housewife who loves the work of Woolf, and Meryl Streep appears as a lector whose nickname is Mrs. Dalloway. Miranda Richardson plays Virginia's sister, Vanessa Bell.

The movie was directed by Stephen Daldry, the screenplay was written by David Hare.

The film was nominated in nine categories and won an Academy Award for Best Actress, the first Oscar for Kidman, who wore a false nose in order to look a bit like Woolf.

The film is based on the Pulitzer Prize and PEN/Faulkner Award winning 1998 novel of the same name by Michael Cunningham.

Famous Quotes

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The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (movie)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Warning: Wikipedia contains spoilers.

The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring is a film, released in late 2001, directed by Peter Jackson. It retells the adventures of the members of the "Fellowship of the Ring that is contained in The Fellowship of the Ring, the first part of J. R. R. Tolkien's epic fantasy The Lord of the Rings The final scene is actually taken from the first chapter of the second volume, The Two Towers. The screenplay was written by Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens and Peter Jackson. It was produced as the first of three films based on the novel, filmed simultaneously on location in New Zealand with a budget of U.S. $180 million. with principal photography taking 14 months and postproduction continuing long after that.

The Cast

Synopsis

Sauron has awakened and threatens to conquer Middle-earth. To stop this ancient evil once and for all, Frodo Baggins must destroy the One Ring in the fires of Mount Doom. Men, Hobbits, a Wizard, an Elf and a Dwarf form a fellowship to help him on his quest.

Special Effects

The Fellowship of the Ring makes extensive use of digital, practical and makeup special effects throughout. One noticeable effect that appears in almost every scene involves setting a proper scale so that the characters are all the proper height. Elijah Wood, who plays Frodo, is 5' 6" tall in real life; but the character of Frodo Baggins is barely four feet tall. Many simple tricks were used to cast the hobbits (and Gimli the Dwarf) as diminutive. Stunt doubles were used in certain scenes, while entire duplicates of certain sets (especially Bag End in Hobbiton) were built at two different scales, so that the characters would appear to be the appropriate size. Perspective tricks used by stage magicians were also employed, so that it would look as though the short hobbits were interacting with taller Men and Elves.

For the battle between the Last Alliance and the forces of Sauron that begins the film, an elaborate CGI animation system, called MASSIVE, was developed that would allow thousands of individual animated "characters" in the program to act differently. This helped give the illusion of realism to the battle sequences.

Filming Locations

A list of filming locations, sorted by appearance order in the movie:
Fictional
Location		Specific Location
in New Zealand		 General Area
in New Zealand
HobbitonMatamataWaikato
Gardens of IsengardHarcourt ParkUpper Hutt
The Shire woodsOtaki Gorge Road
Bucklebury FerryKeeling FarmManukau
Forest near BreeTakaka HillNelson
TrollshawsWantarere Forest
Ford of BruinenArrowtown Recreational ReserveQueenstown
RivendellKaitoke Regional ParkUpper Hutt
EregionMount OlympusNelson
Dimrill DaleLake AltaThe Remarkables
Dimrill DaleMount OwenNelson
LothlorienLake WakatipuQueenstown
River AnduinRangitikei River
River AnduinPoet's CornerUpper Hutt
Parth GalenParadiseGlenorchy
Amon HenMavoran LakeMilford Sound

Differences from the Novel

A small but vocal minority of admirers of the original book raised some concerns when the film was released, complaining that the movie's screenplay made a number of changes to Tolkien's story. Many of these protests seemed to be rather minor concerns, and were largely ignored by general movie going audiences. However, more than a few people expressed surprise when the movie's plot diverged from that of the book in what might be considered more fundemental ways.

The Hobbits' adventures with Tom Bombadil, which occupy three chapters of the novel, are completely absent from the film. The greater role given to the character of Arwen Evenstar, and her replacement of the character of Glorfindel from the novel, raised the ire of many dedicated Tolkien fans. Some also felt that movie producers missed the linguistic basis of the work (as Tolkien invented the world to bring his languages alive and not the other way around). In particular, Galadriel's lament in Lorien, the poem beginning "Ai! laurie lantar lassi surinen", did not appear in the movie, although Tolkien considered it one of the highest points of The Fellowship of the Ring.

Awards

In 2002 it won four Academy Awards out of 13 nominations. The winning categories were for Best Cinematography, Best Effects, Visual Effects, Best Makeup and Best Music, Original Score. The nominated categories were Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Ian McKellen), Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Best Costume Design, Best Director, Best Editing, Best Music, Song (Enya, Nicky Ryan and Roma Ryan for May It Be), Best Picture, Best Sound and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published.

As of January 22 2003, it was listed as the fifth highest grossing film during its theatrical run, with takings of $860,200,000 USA dollars from world-wide theatrical box office receipts (movie ticket sales). (As the movie may still be in general release, or re-released to coincide with other Lord of the Rings movie releases, this figure is an estimate and is likely to change.) (Source: IMDB Top Movies Chart).

The movie has also been released on videotape and DVD, with some editions having additional footage and commentary not included in the theatrical release edition. Notable among the restored scenes is additional footage of a smiling Galadriel bestowing gifts on the members of the fellowship. In the theatrical version, she appeared dark and brooding.

The extended editions of The Fellowship of the Ring and the second movie, The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers had limited theatrical runs in selected cities worldwide in late 2003, during the run-up to the release of the final film, The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King.

Followed by:

Previous version: See also:

Other things yet to be covered in this article include:

External Links

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War film

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

A war film is any film dealing with war, usually focusing on naval, air, or land battle, but sometimes focusing instead on prisoners of war, covert operations, training, or other related subjects.

Many of the dramatic war films in the early 1940s in the United States were designed to create consensus at the expense of "the enemy." In fact, one of the conventions of the genre that developed during the period was that of a cross-section of the United States which comes together as a crack unit for the good of the country.

War films produced during the Vietnam War era tended to reflect the disillusionment of the American public towards the war. Examples include Catch-22 and M*A*S*H.

War films (like films in any genre) tend to have a number of cliches associated with them: for instance, in many 1940s and 1950s war film, a small group of men will tend to be fairly diverse ethnically, but most of the characters will not be developed much beyond their ethnicity; the officer immediately ranking the main character will tend to be both unreasonable and unyielding; almost anyone sharing personal information--especially plans for after returning home--will die shortly after sharing the plans; and anyone acting in a cowardly or unpatriotic manner will either convert to heroism or die.

However, other films are quasi-documentary in nature, and reflect what the screenwriters feel were the thoughts, words, and actions of the participants in a battle. The American Civil War film Gettysburg was based on actual events during the battle, including the defense of Little Round Top by Colonel Joshua Chamberlain.

Many war films have been produced with the cooperation of a nation's military forces. The United States Navy has been very cooperative since World War II in providing ships and technical guidance. However, this strategy can backfire. The German Ministry of Propaganda, in making the epic war film Königsburg in January 1945, used several divisions of soldiers as extras. Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels believed the impact of the film would offset the tactical disadvantages of the missing soldiers.

If they do not cooperate, then another country's military may assist. Many 1950s and 1960s war movies, and the Oscar-winning film Patton were shot in Spain, which had large supplies of both Allied and Axis equipment. The Napoleonic epic Waterloo was shot in the Ukraine, using Soviet soldiers (and incidentally, helped scholars learn why Napoleon preferred the tactics in attacking in column). Saving Private Ryan was shot with the cooperation of the Irish army.

See also: propaganda, genre film theory

Notable War Films

French and Indian War

American Revolutionary War

Napoleonic Empire Wars

Crimean War

Texas War of Independence

American Civil War

Spanish-American War

Anglo-Zulu War

World War I

Spanish Civil War

World War II

Indochina War

Korean War

Algerian War of Independence

Vietnam War

Gulf War

Somalia

Bosnia

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "War film."

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Abbreviations & Acronyms: Film

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
EntrySourceExpressionField
FIDOEnglishFilm Industry Defence OrganisationN/A

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Synonyms: Film

Synonyms: celluloid (n), cinema (n), flick (n), motion picture (n), movie (n), moving picture (n), photographic film (n), pic (n), picture (n), picture show (n), plastic film (n), shoot (v), take (v). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Film

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Ignorance

See through a glass darkly; have a film over the eyes, have a glimmering; Noun: wonder whether; not know what to make of; (unintelligibility); not pretend to take upon, not take upon one self to say.

Layer

Plate; lamina, lamella; sheet, foil; wafer; scale, flake, peel; coat, pellicle; membrane, film; leaf; slice, shive, cut, rasher, shaving, integument; (covering); eschar.

Representation

Picture, photo, photograph, daguerreotype, snapshot; X-ray photo; movie film, movie; tracing, scan, TV image, video image, image file, graphics, computer graphics, televideo, closed-circuit TVerb:

The Drama

Noun: the drama, the stage, the theater, the play; film the film, movies, motion pictures, cinema, cinematography; theatricals, dramaturgy, histrionic art, buskin, sock, cothurnus, Melpomene and Thalia, Thespis.

Adverb: on the stage, on the boards; on film; before the floats, before an audience; behind the scenes.

Western, horse opera; flick; spy film, love story, adventure film, documentary, nature film; pornographic film, smoker, skin flick, X-rated film.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Film

English words defined with "film": cling film, Cut film ♦ documentary film ♦ feature film, film advance, film clip, film director, film editing, film projector ♦ motion-picture film, movie film ♦ orthochromatic film ♦ panchromatic film ♦ roll film ♦ soap film, sound film ♦ X-ray film. (references)
Specialty definitions using "film": acetate film, AIR FILM COEFFICIENT ♦ Cellulose nitrate film, CHECKER, FILM TESTS, color film, colour film ♦ direct image film, direct-exposure film ♦ epitaxial film, evaporated dielectric film, evaporated oxide film ♦ false color film, film and the performing arts, Film badge, film booker, film camera, film changer, film cutter, film density, Film Dosimetry, FILM FLAT, FILM FLAT INSPECTOR, film gamma, film inspector, film librarian, FILM LOADER, film machine operator, film masker, FILM OR VIDEOTAPE EDITOR, film painter, FILM PRINTER, film processor, FILM SPOOLER, film technician, FILM TOUCH-UP INSPECTOR, FILM TYPES, flowing film concentration ♦ infrared film ♦ kind of film ♦ lithographic film ♦ monomolecular film, motion picture film ♦ Nernst film, non-screen film ♦ polymer film, processed film ♦ radiographic film ♦ screen film sensitivity, SHIFT SUPERVISOR, FILM PROCESSING, shrink film, silver film, sputtered dielectric film, SUPERVISOR, FILM PROCESSING ♦ UTILITY WORKER, FILM PROCESSING ♦ vesicular film ♦ X-ray film without intensifying screens. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Film" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Afrikaan (film, motion, motion picture, movie), Albanian (cinema, film, motion picture, movie, moving pictures, picture, pictures), Breton (movie), Croatian (movie), Czech (cartridge, cinematography, coating, film, motion picture, movie, movies, moving picture, picture), Danish (film, motion picture, movie), Dutch (film, film strip, motion picture, movie), Estonian (movie showing), Flemish (movie), French (cinema, film, motion picture, movie, moving picture, picture), French Canadian (film), Frisian (film), German (film, flick, motion picture, movie, movieUS, pellicle, picture, release), Hawaiian (film, motion picture, movie), Hungarian (animated picture, cinema, film, movie, moving pictures, picture, picture show, pix, screen, screen-play), Indonesian (film, movie), Italian (film, motion, motion picture, movie, movies, picture), Luxembourgish (film), Malay (film, motion picture, movie), Norwegian (film, motion picture, movie), Polish (film, motion picture, movie), Romanian (celluloid, film, motion picture, movie, moving picture, moving pictures, pageant, picture, picture show), Serbo-Croatian (cinema, film, motion picture, movie, picture: moving pictures), Spanish (film), Swedish (cine, cine film, film, flick, flicks, motion picture, movie, moving picture, pic, picture, scum), Turkish (cine-, cine film, film, flick, movie, moving picture, picture, silver screen).

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Modern Usage: Film

DomainUsage

Screenplays

You're nothing but a shadow on film just a shadow (Singin' in the Rain; writing credit: Betty Comden; Adolph Green)

Hey, that girl is not in my film! (Mulholland Dr.; writing credit: David Lynch)

I've seen detergents that leave a better film than this (The Muppet Movie; writing credit: Jack Burns and Jerry Juhl)

So when the snoody cat, and the courageous dog, with the celebrity voices meet for the first time in reel three, that's when you'll catch a flash of Tyler's contribution to the film. (Fight Club; writing credit: Jim Uhls)

It lacked certain elements that we need to market a film successfully (The Player; writing credit: Michael Tolkin)

Lyrics

Can we film the operation (Dirty Laundry; performing artist: Don Henley)

We'll make a film about a man that's sad and lonely ("Act Naturally"; performing artist: The Beatles)

These memories are playing like a film without sound (Graduation (Friends Forever); performing artist: Vitamin C)

Clever

Everyone has a photographic memory. Some don't have film. (references; author: unknown)

Movie/TV Titles

The Clinton Special: A Film About the Farm Show (1974)

Film About a Woman Who... (1974)

Ovvero 'stamattina alle 10 in via dei Fiori nella nota casa di tolleranza...' Film d'amore e d'anarchia (1973)

De Film in Zweden (1973)

Frank Film (1973)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Film

DomainTitle

References

  • CineMedia Film AG Geyer-Werk: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • Constantin Film AG: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • Odeon Film AG: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • Film Roman, Inc.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  • Fearful Symmetry: Doubles and Doubling in Literature and Film (reference)

  • Rebate of the duty on film or sheets of vinyl chloride polymers, at least 0,7 mm thick for the manufacture of furniture doors of chipboard ; Drawback of the duty on raw materials for the manufacture of cargo slings for export ; Rebate of the excise duty o (reference)

  • Directing Actors: Creating Memorable Performances for Film and Television (reference)

  • Film Directing Shot by Shot: Visualizing from Concept to Screen (reference)

  • Film Directing, Cinematic Motion: A Workshop for Staging Scenes (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  

Theater & Movies

  • Film-Fest DVD - Issue 4 - Sundance 2000 & Hawaii Film Fest (reference)

  • The Best of the Acapulco Black Film Festival (reference)

  • Film Noir Vol. 1: The Stranger/Cause For Alarm (reference)

  • Jon Bon Jovi - Destination Anywhere - The Film (reference)

  • Treasures from American Film Archives (reference)

    (more DVD examples; more video examples)

  

Music

  • Francis Of Assisi (1961 Film) / Doctor Faustus (1967 Film) [2 on 1] [SOUNDTRACK] (reference)

  • 1939-1940: Private Acetates and Film Soundtracks [IMPORT] [SOUNDTRACK] (reference)

  • More Dirty Dancing (1987 Film Additional Soundtrack) [SOUNDTRACK] (reference)

  • Patton (1970 Film): Also Featuring Tora! Tora! Tora! (1970 Film) (1997 Studio Recording) [SOUNDTRACK] (reference)

  • Final Analysis (1992 Film) [SOUNDTRACK] (reference)

    (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)

  

High Tech

  

Consumer Goods

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Film

Photos:
Film

More pictures...

Illustrations:
Film

More pictures...

Computer Images:
Film

More pictures...

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Photo Album: Film

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

A scientist is instructing a highschool student in the procedure of "southern blotting". Single strands of DNA are transferred onto a nitrocellulose filter, exposed to a radioactive labelled probe, which then sticks, or hybridizes, to a specific DNA sequence. These hybridized sequences will then give off a radioactive signal that can be visualized by exposing the filter to x-ray film, a procedure known as autoradiography. Credit: John Crawford (photographer).

"Soap Film (It Pops)" (movie) by More ...

In the beginning of the 1946 holiday film classic "It's a Wonderful Life," angelic figures ... Credit: NASA.

Photographer Byron Hale with a roll of nine lens camera film. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.

W. Byron Hale Aerial photographer with nine-lens camera and film. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.

John Torgan of Save the Bay RI volunteered services to the transplant team and to reporters and the NOAA film crew during the 1997 transplants. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center.

A NOAA film crew documented the restoration work. The finished educational video won an award at the Houston World Fest Film Festival. The video outlined the restoration work and showcased the value of the Bay's marine resources. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center.

Tools of the Trade: Public Affairs tools from the past for deploying and staying connected. From 16mm film to manual typewriters to trusty 35mm cameras, the professionals in Air Force public affairs have a proud heritage of telling the Air Force story. (U.

Staff Sgt. Brian Smith checks film to make sure it wasn't scratched during processing. Smith's unit, the 9th Intelligence Squadron (Deployed) recently arrived at Ahmed Al-Jaber Air Base in Southwest Asia. (P.; photo by Staff Sgt. James Rush)..

Microbiologist James Mecham and student research aid Jenny Dockham examine autoradiographic film showing bluetongue virus proteins. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Scott Bauer..

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Digital Photo Gallery: Film
 

"Roll of film" by Peter Gustafson
Commentary: "Roll of film."		"Film Cans" by Marcus Buckner
Commentary: "My grandad's old film cans."

Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

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Sounds Captioned with "Film".

PlayCaptionPlayCaption
Film score style excerpt featuring horns, calliope, and snare drum.Evil mystery sci-fi style typical of a film soundtrack.
An excerpt characteristic of a heroic film score featuring trumpet and strings.Piano arpeggios with sustained strings creating an Island texture used by film composers.
Sinister digital sounds characteristic of a horror or suspense film.An orchestral opening to a feature film in a style typical of John Williams.
Very film score style piece with minor piano melody and strings.Very typical sequence for a resolution moment in a film circa 1990's.
Excerpt very typical of an adventure television film cue.Short riff very typical of a film score circa early 1990's. .
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Use in Literature: Film

TitleAuthorQuote

Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

Joyce, James

A film still veiled his eyes but they burned no longer

Grapes of Wrath

Steinbeck, John

Men stood by their fences and looked at the ruined corn, drying fast now, only a little green showing through the film of dust

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Film

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

The retina is similar to the film. (references)

These include a blood film examination for malaria and a blood culture. (references)

If the image is not focused properly, the film (or retina) receives a blurry image. (references)

Business

Some use conventional film and some are digital image recorders. (references)

Individuals and entities to enter film products into revenue-sharing arrangements in China. (references)

The best sales prospects are for machinery to produce five-layer and other film, increasingly in demand in the market. (references)

Children

Iran

Film clips showed children tied or chained to their beds, in filthy conditions, and without appropriate care. (references)

Civil Liberties

Afghanistan

The journalists were interrogated for 2 hours, after which their film was confiscated. (references)

Singapore

They submitted written apologies for making the film and withdrew it from the Festival. (references)

Economic History

Bolivia

The 1991 Bolivian Film and Video Law also contains elements of IPR protection. (references)

Italy

Motion Picture Theaters: Wide use of film clips is made for advertising purposes. (references)

Jamaica

Focus areas include Infrastructure, Mining, Tourism, Film, Music and Entertainment. (references)

Human Rights

Zimbabwe

The MDC accused the police of arresting the three for trying to film ZANU-PF attempts to manipulate the election. (references)

Jordan

The reporters were attempting to film a memorial service for the suicide bomber involved in the Dolphinarium Disco bombing in Tel Aviv. (references)

Macedonia

Trials cannot be televised, pursuant to the Criminal Procedure Code, although the court in certain cases can authorize the presence of television and film cameras. (references)

Minorities

India

In January in a village near Udaipur, Rajasthan, Bajrang Dal activists allegedly beat two Christian missionaries and their followers because they were watching a film on the life of Christ. (references)

Political Economy

MALAYSIA

Film and Paper Product Tariffs: Malaysia no longer has import duties on instant print film. (references)

BRAZIL

On September 4, President Cardoso signed a provisional measure creating a national film agency. (references)

Political Rights

Singapore

The ban, which ostensibly is to prevent the sensationalist or emotional effect that video or film productions could have on political issues, applies to the PAP as well as opposition parties. (references)

Trade

Barbados

No bonds are required for used professional apparatus e.g. television and film equipment. (references)

Greece

Greek film production is subsidized by a 12 percent admissions tax on all motion pictures. (references)

Travel

Burma

Photographing people in uniform or any military installation could lead to arrest or the confiscation of cameras and film. (references)

Australia

Carnets may be obtained for temporary duty-free entry of goods, such as commercial samples, jewelery, goods for international exhibitions, equipment for sporting events, professional television and film equipment, etcetera. (references)

Greece

One each of the following articles may also be brought in duty free, provided they are re-exported, that is, for the traveler's personal use: still and movie cameras, with suitable film; binoculars; portable radios; record players; typewriters, CD players and lap tops. (references)

Worker Rights

Ukraine

In October national television premiered a documentary film, produced with foreign assistance, which highlighted the danger of trafficking and reportedly generated increased public awareness. (references)

Turkey

There have not been any official antitrafficking information campaigns; however, in 1999 teams from Ukraine and Moldova received extensive cooperation from Turkish police to film educational documentaries designed to discourage women and girls from those countries from going to Turkey. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Spoken Usage: Film

SpeakerPhrase(s)

Art Linkletter

The Kodak people once said to me, Mr. Linkletter, you own the world's largest automatic film vending machine. Disneyland.

Jack Lemmon

It's true. And there's nothing worse than waiting and timing and you wait and it looks like a bad cut on the film because the laugh has stopped and you're waiting. You can't do it.

James Lipton

Not just project, but on stage, you have to begin at the beginning and end at the end, and you're out there, you can't stop for anything. In film, you stop constantly.

Marla Hanson

I just outran them. I did. I went back to school and studied film making at NYU. I worked with a director and sold a couple of scripts. I was doing well.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Film

"Film" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 98.90% of the time. "Film" is used about 10,095 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words		Rank in English
Noun (singular)98.9%9,984936
Lexical Verb (infinitive)1.05%10631,637
Noun (proper)0.04%4175,879
                    Total100.00%10,095N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Usage in Company Names: Film

CountryNameCountryName
Canada

Telescene Film Group Inc

Germany

CineMedia Film AG Geyer-Werk

Japan

Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.

Thailand

Thai Film Industries Public Company Limited

USA

Film Roman, Inc.

 (more examples...)  

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

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Expressions: Film

Expressions using "film": acetate film ♦ act in a film ♦ adult film ♦ blue film ♦ carbon film ♦ Celluloid film ♦ cine film ♦ cinema film ♦ cling film ♦ color film ♦ colour film ♦ crime film ♦ Cut film ♦ deposited film ♦ developing film ♦ direct image film ♦ documentary film ♦ dub film ♦ epitaxial film ♦ evaporated dielectric film ♦ evaporated oxide film ♦ false color film ♦ feature film ♦ film actor ♦ film addict ♦ film advance ♦ film advertising ♦ film and the performing arts ♦ film archive ♦ film at 11 ♦ film camera ♦ film can ♦ film cassette ♦ film censorship ♦ film changer ♦ film clip ♦ film company ♦ film craft ♦ film density ♦ film director ♦ film distributor ♦ Film Dosimetry ♦ film editing ♦ film editor ♦ film fan ♦ film fern ♦ film festival ♦ film gamma ♦ film industry ♦ film library ♦ film maker ♦ film noir ♦ film of fibers ♦ film of lubricant ♦ film on the teeth ♦ film over ♦ film processor ♦ film producer ♦ film projector ♦ film reel ♦ film script ♦ film speed ♦ film star ♦ film strip ♦ film studio ♦ film test ♦ film version ♦ film writer ♦ fluid film ♦ gory film ♦ horror film ♦ industrial film ♦ infrared film ♦ kind of film ♦ length film ♦ lithographic film ♦ lubricant film ♦ lubricating film ♦ main film ♦ make a film ♦ make a film of ♦ make a film of smth. ♦ master film ♦ miniature film ♦ monomolecular film ♦ motion picture film ♦ movie film ♦ musical film ♦ mute film ♦ negative film ♦ oil film ♦ orthochromatic film ♦ outstanding film ♦ panchromatic film ♦ photographic film ♦ pilot film ♦ plastic film ♦ polyester film ♦ polymer film ♦ popular science film ♦ porno film. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "film": film-by-film, film-changing, film-clip, film-club, film-distribution, film-editing, film-footage, film-forming, film-funning, film-goer, film-goers, film-going, film-holders, film-industry, film-like, film-loop, film-make, film-maker, film-makers, film-making, film-minded, film-noir, film-of-the-play, film-plots, film-preview, film-printing, film-processing, film-producing, film-production, film-projector, film-related, film-school, film-screen, film-script, film-scripts, film-set, film-sets, film-setting, film-star, film-starry, film-stars, film-still, film-studio-cum-information, film-there, film-viewer, film-viewers, film-viewing, film-winding, film-work, film-world, film-wrapped, film-writer, film-writers.

Ending with "film": cling-film, feature-film, horror-film, micro-film, thin-film.

Containing "film": aqueous film-forming foam, Million-dollar-a-film-dudley, minister-with-the-film-star, semi-film-star, the-most-important-film-star-of-the-nineties, thin-film-transistor, tri-film-tie-in.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Film

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day		ExpressionFrequency
per Day

film

10,902

camera film

324

photo film

4,338

film production

323

film scanner

3,447

film developing

313

american film institute

2,560

sundance film festival

312

adult film

2,372

short film

304

fuji film

1,814

film script

290

sex film

1,214

adult film star

281

film school

707

kodak film

264

disney film

649

film download

248

porn film

624

bmw film

248

window film

537

snuff film

246

excalibur film

519

moms film

244

film festival

504

gratis sex film

242

atom film

498

nfl film

220

horror film

472

xxx film

209

film review

449

free sex film

207

independent film

401

dvd film

203

cannes film festival

363

free film

202

film music

339

film noir

200

independent film channel

333

fuji film finepix 3800

185
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Film

Language Translations for "film"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Afrikaans

  

rolprent (motion, motion picture, movie), prent (motion, motion picture, movie), film (motion, motion picture, movie). (various references)

   

Albanian

  

film (cinema, motion picture, movie, moving pictures, picture, pictures). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏فيلم (movie), ‏غطاء رقيق, ‏غشاوة (mist), ‏غشاء (capsule, diaphragm, envelope, integument, membrane, overlay, tegument, velum), ‏تغشى, ‏تحجب (veil), ‏طبقة رقيقة (washing), ‏ضباب (fog, gauze, haze, mirk, mist, murk, reek, vapor, vapour), ‏صنع فيلما, ‏صور (characterize, depict, describe, paint, photo, pic, picture, portray, shoot, snap, take, typify), ‏شراع (canvas, cloth, course, knockabout, rag, sail, sheet). (various references)

   

Asturian

  

película de semeyes. (various references)

   

Bemba

  

filimu. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

ципица (pellicle), филмирам (picturize, screen), филм (flickers, motion picture, movie, moving pictures, picture, roll film, show), тънък слой (lamella, lamina, streak, suffusion), корица, нишчица, замъглявам (bedim, befog, blur, dim, dull, fog, muddy, skim), жилка (fiber, fibre, nerve, spice, strain, streak, stria, thread, tinge, vein), лек пласт, було (caul, cloak, mesentery, shroud, veil, veiling), потъмняване (darkening, discoloration, discolouration, fogging, nigrescence), покривам (bestride, cap, case, clothe, coat, cope, cover, cover up, deck, defray, do over, encase, encrust, enshroud, horse, invest, mantle, overcast, overlay, overlie, overspread, pave, pit, pustulate, sheet, surmount, vesture, wreathe), подходящ съм за филмиране. (various references)

   

Cebuano

  

pilm. (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

胶片, 膠片 , 膠卷 , 電影 (movie), 薄膜 (membrane), 影片 (movie). (various references)

   

Czech

  

film (cartridge, cinematography, coating, motion picture, movie, movies, moving picture, picture). (various references)

   

Danish

  

film (motion picture, movie). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

film (film strip, motion picture, movie), rolprent (motion picture, movie). (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

filmo (motion picture, movie). (various references)

   

Faeroese

  

filmur. (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

فیلم سینما, فیلم عکاسی , فیلم برداشتن از, پرده نازک (Scruff), غبار (Dust, Mist), تاری چشم (Mist). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

kalvo (membrane, pellicle), elokuva (movie, picture). (various references)

   

French

  

film (photographic film), pellicule (roll of film), voile (film of fibers). (various references)

   

French Canadian

  

film. (various references)

   

Frisian

  

film. (various references)

   

Galician

  

película. (various references)

   

German

  

Film (flick, motion picture, movie, movieUS, pellicle, picture, release), schicht (coat, coating, layer, level, order, ply, rank, sheet, shift, strata, stratum, streak, thickness), belag (coating, covering, facing, filling, fur, layer, lining, paving, plaque, surface, topping), verfilmen (make a film of), schleier (curtain, fog, glaze, haze, screen, shroud, veil, veils, yashmak), häutchen (cutaneously, cuticle, membrane, skin), filmen (to be filming, to film). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

φιλμ, ταινία (band, banderol, banderole, belt, cordon, fillet, movie, ribbon, strip, stripe, tape, tapeworm), μεμβράνη (membrane, pellicle, web). (various references)

   

Haitian Creole

  

fim. (various references)

   

Hawaiian

  

film (motion picture, movie). (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

מעטה דק, להסריט (shoot), שכבה (class, coating, lay, layer, ply, precipitate, sheet, stratum), קרום (membrane, rind, skin), דוק. (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

hártya (membrane, scale, skin, tarnish), film (animated picture, cinema, movie, moving pictures, picture, picture show, pix, screen, screen-play), vékony réteg (flake, girdle). (various references)

   

Icelandic

  

myndin (the film). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

film (movie). (various references)

   

Inuktitut

  

azjiksaq. (various references)

   

Irish

  

scannán. (various references)

   

Italian

  

film (motion, motion picture, movie, movies, picture), pellicola (cuticle, motion, motion picture, movie, pellicle, skin), filmare (shoot). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

膜 (membrane), 皮膜 (membrane), フィールド競技 (face, face sheet, face value, face-card, face-off, fade, fade ball, fade-in, fade-out, fatal, Federation Internationale de Nation Amateur cup, FI, fiance, fiction, field events, fielder's choice, fifty-fifty, figurative, figure, figure skating, Fiji, filament, filaria, filibuster, fill, fill-in, film library, film net, filter, filter-bank, filtering, fin, FINA cup, finale, finger, finger bowl, fingering, finish, Finland, fiscal policy, fish, fish meal, fishing, fit, fitness, fitness shoes, fitting, fitting room, fix, fixed, fixer, fjord, FO, phase, Philadelphia, philanthropy, philharmonic, philharmonie, Philippines, Philips, philosophy, physical, physical protection, questionnaire that asks for a demographic profile, vinyl drainpipe with fins), 映画　 (movie), 映画 (movie). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

フイルム , フィルム , ひまく (capsule, membrane, tunic), まく (membrane, to coil, to roll, to scatter, to sow, to sprinkle, to wind), えいが (glory, luxury, majesty, movie, splendour). (various references)

   

Korean 

  

필름. (various references)

   

Luxembourgish

  

film. (various references)

   

Malay

  

film (motion picture, movie). (various references)

   

Manx

  

jannoo fillym jeh, goaill caslys jeh, fillym, brat (apron, cloak, clot, coat, coating, cover, covering, curtain, layer, overgrowth, pall, pinafore, sheet, standing crop, wrap). (various references)

   

Norwegian

  

film (motion picture, movie). (various references)

   

Papiamen

  

pelíkula (motion picture, movie). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

ilmfay.(various references)

   

Polish

  

film (motion picture, movie). (various references)

   

Portuguese

  

filme (motion picture, movie, roll of film), película (coat, motion picture, movie, skin). (various references)

   

Portuguese Brazilian

  

filme. (various references)

   

Provencal

  

pelicula. (various references)

   

Romanian

  

film (celluloid, motion picture, movie, moving picture, moving pictures, pageant, picture, picture show). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

фильм (hair-raiser). (various references)

   

Samoan

  

ata mo le meapueata. (various references)

   

Scottish

  

streafan, sgleò (boasting, dimness of the eyes, false report, misery, romancing, vapour). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

film (cinema, motion picture, movie, picture: moving pictures), tanka prevlaka, snimiti (lens out, photograph, record, shoot), snimati film. (various references)

   

Slovene

  

filmska. (various references)

   

Somali

  

filinku (the film). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

película (flick, motion picture, movie, pellicle, picture, reel), carrete (reel, spool), velo (Mantilla, mist, shroud, veil, veiling, velum), film. (various references)

   

Swedish

  

film (cine, cine film, flick, flicks, motion picture, movie, moving picture, pic, picture, scum), filma (act in a film, shoot). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

filme çekmek, film çekmek (cine-record, shoot a film), film (cine-, cine film, flick, movie, moving picture, picture, silver screen), zar (bones, cortes, die, integument, lamina, membrane, pellicle, skin, tegument, velum, wall), lif (fiber, fibre, fibroid, fibrous, filament, staple, string, thread, washcloth), kaplamak (back, bestrew, canopy, carpet, case, clothe, coat, cover, encrust, envelop, face, fair, film over, fleece, hang, incrust, infest, line, overgrow, overlap, overspread, overwhelm, plate, recap, revet, sheathe, sheet, shield, smother in, smother with, suffuse, take, thread, upholster, veneer, wreathe), ince tabaka (lamella), ince bir tabaka ile kaplamak, ölünün gözündeki donukluk. (various references)

   

Turkmen 

  

film (r), яorka (coating). (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

кінофільм (celluloid), кіно (cinema, movie, pictures), зніматися в кіно, знімати кінофільм, плівка (husk, lamina, pellicle). (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

phim ảnh (censor), màng (involucre, involucrum, membrane). (various references)

   

Welsh

  

ffilm (motion picture, movie). (various references)

   

Zulu

  

ilifilimu (motion picture, movie), ifilimu (motion picture, movie). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Film

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Latin500 BCE-Modern

membrana. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Film

Derivations

Words beginning with "film": filmable, filmcard, filmcards, filmdom, filmdoms, filmed, filmer, filmers, filmgoer, filmgoers, filmic, filmically, filmier, filmiest, filmily, filminess, filminesses, filming, filmland, filmlands, filmmaker, filmmakers, filmmaking, filmmakings, filmographies, filmography, films, filmset, filmsets, filmsetter, filmsetters, filmsetting, filmsettings, filmstrip, filmstrips, filmy. (additional references)

Words ending with "film": microfilm, refilm, telefilm. (additional references)

Words containing "film": microfilmable, microfilmed, microfilmer, microfilmers, microfilming, microfilms, refilmed, refilming, refilms, telefilms, unfilmed. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Film" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Efim, faim, Fbim, Felim, feln, fiam, Ficm, fidl, fila, filc, fild, filg, fili, filk, filme, filmo, filmz, filn, filo, filom, filr, filsm, fim, fimf, fiml, fimm, Fiom, fium, Fiumi, fli, fliem, flih, flim, flimp, flin, fliq, flj, flm, flmi, foln, fuln, ilm, kilm. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Anagrams: Film

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "f-i-l-m"

-1 letter: fil, mil.

-2 letters: if, li, mi.

 Words containing the letters "f-i-l-m"
 

+1 letter: films, filmy, filum.

 

+2 letters: aimful, family, famuli, filmed, filmer, filmic, fimble, firmly, flimsy, folium, fumuli, refilm.

 

+3 letters: aliform, amplify, brimful, filemot, filmdom, filmers, filmier, filmily, filming, filmset, fimbles, flamier, flaming, flemish, fluming, foamily, foliums, fulmine, himself, inflame, leftism, liftman, liftmen, malefic, midlife, milfoil, mindful, misfile, mollify, monofil, refilms.

 

+4 letters: aimfully, brimfull, coliform, emulsify, familial, familiar, families, familism, fatalism, filament, filename, filiform, filmable, filmcard, filmdoms, filmgoer, filmiest, filmland, filmsets, fimbrial, finalism, fishmeal, flamiest, flamines, flamingo, flamming, flextime, flimflam, flimsier, flimsies, flimsily, fluidram, flumping, foamlike, foilsman, foilsmen, forelimb, foremilk, formalin, frumpily, fulmined, fulmines, fulminic, fumbling, fumelike, fumingly, halftime, infirmly, inflamed, inflamer, inflames, informal, leftisms, lifetime, lumpfish, lyriform, manifold, mayflies, medflies, mellific, merciful, midfield, milfoils, milkfish, mirthful, misfield, misfiled, misfiles, moistful, monofils, muffling, multifid, piliform, refilmed, rifleman, riflemen, simplify, slipform, telefilm, unfilmed.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern 		5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Slideshow
7. Images: Photo Album
8. Images: Digital Art 		9. Sounds
10. Quotations: Fiction
11. Quotations: Non-fiction
12. Quotations: Spoken 		13. Usage Frequency
14. Names: Company Usage
15. Expressions
16. Expressions: Internet 		17. Translations: Modern
18. Translations: Ancient
19. Abbreviations
20. Acronyms 		21. Derivations
22. Anagrams
23. Bibliography


  

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