Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: File |
FileNoun1. A set of related records (either written or electronic) kept together. 2. A line of persons or things ranged one behind the other. 3. Office furniture consisting of a container for keeping papers in order. 4. A steel hand tool with small sharp teeth on some or all of its surfaces; used for smoothing wood or metal. Verb1. Register in a public office or in a court of law; "file for divorce"; "file a complaint". 2. Smooth with a file; "file one's fingernails". 3. Proceed in file. 4. File a formal charge against; "The suspect was charged with murdering his wife". 5. Place in a file. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "file" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | File |
Industry | A folder or other container in which papers, letters etc. , are arranged in convenient order. Source: European Union. (references) |
Dream Interpretation | To dream that you see a file, signifies that you will transact some business which will prove unsatisfactory in the extreme. To see files, to store away bills and other important papers, foretells animated discussions over subjects which bear relation to significant affairs, and which will cause you much unrest and disquiet. Unfavorable predictions for the future are also implied in this dream. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Information | A number of records with the same record structure. Source: European Union. (references) |
Law | To place a paper in the official custody of the clerk of court to enter into the files or records of a case. (references) |
| The agenda for the business of the house. It is printed daily. (references) | |
Literature | File To cheat. The allusion is to filing money for the sake of the dust which can be used or sold. A file is a cheat. Hence "a jolly file," etc. "Sorful becom that fals file." Cursor Mundi MS. In single file. Single row; one behind another. (French, file, a row.) Rank and file. Common soldiers. Thus we say, "Ten officers and three hundred rank and file fell in the action." Rank refers to men standing abreast, file to men standing behind each other. "It was only on the faith of some grand expedition that the credulous rank and file of the Brotherhood subscribed their dollars." - The Times ... Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Public Administration | A collection of papers, records, etc. , arranged in convenient order: to make a file for a new account. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A collection of interrelated details and records, brought together and treated as a unit. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| The core around which the documents are organised in line with the institutions' activites, for reasons of proof, justification or information and to guarantee efficiency in the work. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Slang in 1811 | FILE, FILE CLOY, or BUNGNIPPER. A pick pocket. To file; to rob or cheat. The file, or bungnipper, goes generally in company with two assistants, the adam tiler, and another called the bulk or bulker, Whose business it is to jostle the person they intend t. Source: 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A file in a computer system is a sequence of bytes stored as a single unit, typically in a file system on a disk or a magnetic tape (but see note [2] below).
"File" is an abstract concept: what appears to be a single file from the point of view of software may in practice be stored as multiple fragments of data at different places on a disk (or even multiple disks).
Files are created by software and usually conform to a particular file format. They are often assigned file names by the file system on which they are stored.
An important subclass of file is the "text file". A text file is a sequence of characterss organized into lines (or "records") separated by line breaks. The preferred representation of line breaks differs among operating systems. For example, Mac OS uses 0x0d (carriage return), UNIX systems use 0x0a (line feed), Windows uses 0x0d followed by 0x0a, and VMS uses multiple text file types (including the 3 above) with its default being "variable length record" in which each record begins with a 16 bit integer length field specifying the number of characters in the record. To modify a text file, use a text editor. Some text editors can understand multiple systems' line break conventions.
The term "binary file" often refers to any file other than a text file. But note that ultimately even a binary file is just a collection of bits. To modify a binary file directly (that is, without using an application specific to the file format of that file), use a hex editor.
A "special file" is a file system object which is accessed as though it was a file, but the sequence of bytes or characters is supplied or consumed by another process such as a device driver or network interface.
A collection of files is called a folder or a directory.
Notes
See also file extension.
- A collection of bytes in RAM isn't usually known as a file, unless it's stored in a RAM disk.
- Historically it was common for files to be defined as sequences of records. However this is now uncommon except on certain mainframe operating systems. On most systems, the application or a library creates the "record" abstraction from the byte stream according to the file format.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Computer file."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
FILE | English | Feature Identification and Location Experiment | Computing, Transportation |
| FIB | English | File Information Block | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: FileSynonyms: data file (n), file cabinet (n), filing cabinet (n), single file (n), charge (v), file away (v), lodge (v), register (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Arrangement | Class, classify; divide; file, string together, thread; register; (record); catalogue, tabulate, index, graduate, digest, grade. |
Digest; synopsis; (compendium); syntagma, table, atlas; file, database; register.; (record); organism, architecture. | |
Combatant | Army, corps d'armee, host, division, battalia, column, wing, detachment, garrison, flying column, brigade, regiment, corps, battalion, sotnia, squadron, company, platoon, battery, subdivision, section, squad; piquet, picket, guard, rank, file; legion, phalanx, cohort; cloud of skirmishers. |
Continuity | Rank, file, line, row, range, tier, string, thread, team; suit; colonnade. |
Arrange in a series, collate; Noun: string together, file, thread, graduate, organize, sort, tabulate. | |
Contraction | Abrade, pare, reduce, attenuate, rub down, scrape, file, file down, grind, grind down, chip, shave, shear, wear down. |
Friction | Verb: rub, scratch, scrape, scrub, slide, fray, rasp, graze, curry, scour, polish, rub out, wear down, gnaw; file, grind. (reduce to powder). |
Journey | Procession, cavalcade, caravan, file, cortege, column. |
Nonaddition Subtraction | Garble, mutilate, amputate, detruncate; cut off, cut away, cut out; abscind, excise; pare, thin, prune, decimate; abrade, scrape, file; geld, castrate; eliminate. |
Pulverulence | Reduce to powder, grind to powder; pulverize, comminute, granulate, triturate, levigate; scrape, file, abrade, rub down, grind, grate, rasp, pound, bray, bruise; contuse, contund; beat, crush, cranch, craunch, crunch, scranch, crumble, disintegrate; attenuate . |
Mill, arrastra, gristmill, grater, rasp, file, mortar and pestle, nutmeg grater, teeth, grinder, grindstone, kern, quern, koniology. | |
Record | Enter, book; post, post up, insert, make an entry of; mark off, tick off; register, enroll, inscroll; file; (store). |
Smoothness | Verb: smooth, smoothen; plane; file; mow, shave; level, roll; macadamize; polish, burnish, calender, glaze; iron, hot-press, mangle; lubricate; (oil). |
Store | Adjective:; keep, file; lay in; (provide); preserve. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Sir, may I have permission to go to the file room (The Invisible Man; writing credit: Craig Silverstein; Jonathan Glassner) I have to file a flight plan and everything (Buffy the Vampire Slayer; writing credit: Doreen Spicer) Your brain is not on file. (Star Trek: Voyager; writing credit: Douglas Day Stewart) 'A closer look at the file and independent research by this newspaper into its key claims indicate that many of the serious accusations against Mr Wigand are backed by scant or contradictory evidence' (The Insider; writing credit: Eric Roth) This is a very painful moment for me. My own nephew, a criminal! I'll be down to file formal charges in about three minutes (Babes in Toyland; writing credit: Glen MacDonough; Paul Zindel) | |
Lyrics | They make you line up in single file so try not to lose your place (Ice Machine In The Desert; performing artist: Brave Combo) Well, she finally got the nerve to file for divorce ("Goodbye Earl"; performing artist: Dixie Chicks) Dark clouds file in when the moon is near (ALLISON ROAD; performing artist: Gin Blossoms) Stacking the honeys in a pile and putting em on file (Ain't No Place Like Home; performing artist: Prince) | |
Movie/TV Titles | The Odessa File (1974) File... Okei (1974) File it Under Fear (1973) The Jerusalem File (1972) File It If It Moves (1970) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books | |||
Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Proteins in the cytoplasm target and activate biochemical reactions in specific cellular components, such as the mitochondria and the nucleus. Within the nucleus, gene expression is activated and leads to new protein synthesis, which are formed on the endoplasmic reticulum. These proteins are transported via the Golgi complex for packaging and distribution to cellular membrane and for extracellular release. See artwork: (on disk in file). Credit: Jeannie Kelly (artist). |  | Included are Carl Voegtlin (1938-1943), Roscoe Spencer (1943-1947), Leonard Scheele (1947-1948), John Heller (1948-1960), Kenneth Endicott (1960-1969) and Carl Baker (1970-1972). See individuals in portrait file. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |
 | This emblem was on file at the Naval Historical Center in 1967, and had probably been received about a decade earlier. Credit: NAVY. |  | Insignia that was on file at the Naval History Division in 1967. It probably dates from the late 1950s or early 1960s. This example has been slightly disfigured by a hole punched in its lower left edge. Credit: NAVY. |
 | I guess you can file those away now. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Indians walking in file with a captive man and two captive women. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Indianola, Miss.--Marching in double file, about 100 Negros waved flags, chanted and carried signs stating "uhuru", an African word for "freedom", through the streets of Indianola, Miss. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Conversion. Jukebox plant. Pinch hitting for metal, wood is now used in production of file cabinets in wartime America. A supervisor and his assistant in an Eastern jukebox manufacturing concern, check a row of the completed cabinets ready for crating. No. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. File of oil drums near Grays Ferry Road. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Acacia Mutual Life Insurance Co. Building. Close-up of index file. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "File Cabinet" by Christie Ortiz Commentary: "Close up of old file cabinet in my office...has about 20 years of paint on it." | "1965 VW Kharmann Ghia" by Aaron Gardner Commentary: "Such a rare car, beautiful... Got a few more pics of it which I might upload soon. (this photo has been updated to original 1600x1200, file size is a bit bigger and the photo is a bit more dirty when viewed close up... but hey, chrommmmmmme ;))." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | Pulling open a file cabinet drawer. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Albert Einstein | He who joyfully marches in rank and file has already earned my contempt. He has been given a large brain by mistake, since for him the spinal cord would suffice. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Any of the Members shall have the right to file a complaint with the International Labour Office if it is not satisfied that any other Member is securing the effective observance of any convention which both have ratified in accordance with the foregoing Articles. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | This file of waggons, whatever it was, was dismal |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | The bell rang and then the classes began to file out of the rooms and along the corridors towards the refectory |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | They marched in single file across the fields |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | And yet my house was more respected than if it had been surrounded by a file of soldiers |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | You may choose to print various pages specifically relating to Fuchs' dystrophy and keep them on file. (references) | |
Straus WL, Plouffe JF, File TM Jr., et al. Risk factors for domestic acquisition of legionnaires’ disease. (references) | ||
Use an emery board or pumice stone to file away dead skin, but do not remove calluses, which act as protective padding. (references) | ||
Business | A judge in chambers reviews the case file and makes a final written ruling based thereon. (references) | |
Women have the right to own property in their own names and to file for separation and divorce. (references) | ||
The documentation should contain a Declaration of Conformity and a Technical File including a test report. (references) | ||
Children | Guyana | The Domestic Violence Act allows police officers or social workers to file an application on behalf of an abused child. (references) |
Belize | The law allows authorities to remove a child legally from an abusive home environment, removes the limit placed on child support that a parent must pay, and allows men to file for support, as well as women. (references) | |
Netherlands | The age of consent is 16. Sexual intercourse with minors under age 12 always constitutes a criminal offense; in cases involving minors between the ages of 12 and 16, an interested party must file a complaint. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Nepal | Nongovernmental groups or individuals are free to file charges of proselytizing against individuals or organizations. (references) |
Cameroon | The Minister studies the file and sends it to the presidency with a recommendation for a positive or negative decision. (references) | |
Dominican Republic | The process of rounding up illegal Haitians is performed by the rank and file of the armed forces and migration officers. (references) | |
Discrimination | Sri Lanka | The Supreme Court regularly upholds court rulings in cases in which individuals file suit over the abridgment of their fundamental civil rights. (references) |
Economic History | Panama | The agreement becomes part of the file on the trademark covered. (references) |
New Zealand | Companies also must file an annual return at the Companies Office. (references) | |
Human Rights | Cote d'Ivoire | The military prosecutor chose not to file an appeal. (references) |
Jamaica | By year's end, the DPP had not decided whether to file criminal charges. (references) | |
Central African Republic | The HRL did not file any court complaints of police abuse during the year. (references) | |
Minorities | Argentina | The Nigerian reportedly declined to file a complaint. (references) |
Kuwait | The Government currently has 80,000 bidoon cases on file. (references) | |
Tanzania | The plaintiffs indicated that they would file another appeal, but had not done so by year's end. (references) | |
Political Economy | Sudan | Defendants may file appellate briefs with the Chief Justice. (references) |
Trinidad | The rank and file do not widely support radical opposition to government policies. (references) | |
PHILIPPINES | The private sector can file requests for IPR enforcement actions with the PIAC-IPR. (references) | |
Political Rights | Czech Republic | Those who did not receive confirmation of a clear record may file a civil suit against the Interior Ministry for a charge similar to slander; however, no such suits were filed during the year. (references) |
Trade | Uk | The file must be held available for inspection for a ten-year period. (references) |
Colombia | File the Import Registration form with the Colombian Ministry of Foreign Trade (MINCOMEX). (references) | |
Travel | Argentina | The work permit can be obtained from the immigration authorities at Immigration Office, upon prior file of relevant documentation. (references) |
Ireland | A wide range of business services including point-to-multipoint data transmission, computer-to-computer file transfer networking, fax, telex, and video communications are offered by Eircom plc and BT Esat. (references) | |
Nicaragua | As investors move towards solidifying their investments (preparing to open bank accounts, registering their investment at MIFIC, etc.), they should consult with the Nicaraguan Immigration Service to determine if they need to file for residency or obtain a type of work permit. (references) | |
Women | Yugoslavia | Few victims of spousal abuse file complaints with the authorities. (references) |
Lithuania | If such violence takes place in the home, the victim must file a complaint. (references) | |
Dominican Republic | The State can prosecute a suspect for rape even if the victim does not file charges. (references) | |
Worker Rights | France | Victims are encouraged to file legal action against traffickers. (references) |
Azerbaijan | It continues to operate without a vote of its rank and file workers. (references) | |
Guatemala | Various union leaders and rank and file members were pushed and beaten. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | POVERTY, n. A file provided for the teeth of the rats of reform. The number of plans for its abolition equals that of the reformers who suffer from it, plus that of the philosophers who know nothing about it. Its victims are distinguished by possession of all the virtues and by their faith in leaders seeking to conduct them into a prosperity where they believe these to be unknown. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Harland Braun | To Van Nuys. And there, the district attorney will either not file a complaint and the charges will then lapse, or they'll file a complaint and they'll set bail or not set bail, and they'll set a date for a preliminary hearing. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "File" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 92.01% of the time. "File" is used about 4,711 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 92.01% | 4,334 | 2,275 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 5.26% | 248 | 18,908 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 2.63% | 124 | 28,785 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.11% | 5 | 157,705 |
| Total | 100.00% | 4,711 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "file" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| File | Last name | 400 | 19,703 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
Expressions using "file": abrasive file ♦ accounting File ♦ active file ♦ Andrew File System ♦ animation settings file ♦ anonymous file transfer protocol ♦ ascii text file ♦ attributed File System ♦ automated data file ♦ back file ♦ backup file ♦ bad command or file name ♦ bastard file ♦ batch file ♦ binary file ♦ blunt file ♦ cant file ♦ card file ♦ case file ♦ chained file ♦ child file ♦ circular file ♦ common Internet File System ♦ common Object File Format ♦ computer file ♦ configuration data file ♦ configuration file ♦ continuous file ♦ cookie file ♦ Cross file ♦ data dictionary file ♦ data file ♦ data file requiring notification ♦ dead file ♦ dedicated file server ♦ definition file ♦ delimited file ♦ denied foreign file ♦ denied serial number file ♦ destination file ♦ detail file ♦ direct file ♦ disk file ♦ disk file utility ♦ dot file ♦ envelope file ♦ exception file ♦ external file service ♦ external subscriber data file ♦ external subscribers data file ♦ file a claim ♦ file a complaint ♦ file a lawsuit against ♦ file a petition ♦ file Allocation Table ♦ file an income tax return ♦ file an objection ♦ file Attach ♦ file attributes ♦ file away ♦ File blank ♦ file cabinet ♦ file charges ♦ file clerk ♦ File closer ♦ file Composition ♦ file compression ♦ file control block ♦ File cutter ♦ file descriptor ♦ file descriptor leak ♦ file diagnostics ♦ file down ♦ file extension ♦ File firing ♦ file folder ♦ file holder ♦ file in ♦ file label ♦ file leader ♦ file locking ♦ file management ♦ file manager ♦ File marching ♦ file name ♦ file number ♦ file of ♦ file on ♦ file one's petition ♦ file organization ♦ file out ♦ file protection ♦ file recovery ♦ file Request ♦ file Separator ♦ file server ♦ file Service Protocol ♦ file signature ♦ file system ♦ file the paperwork ♦ file tidying. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "file": File-aid, file-based, file-cabinet, file-card, file-catalogue, file-copy, file-cutter, file-dust, file-filled, file-fish, file-grinder, file-handling, file-interrogating, file-keeping, file-layering, file-list, file-locking, file-notes, File-o-fax, file-search, file-seek, file-server, file-servers, file-size, file-spec, file-structured. | |
Ending with "file": c-file, d-file, h-file, in-file, preferred-issue-in-file, pro-file, rank-and-file, single-file, sub-file. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
file sharing | 8,701 | bin file | 949 |
wav file | 6,837 | file transfer | 862 |
desktop file theme | 6,642 | file recovery | 857 |
music file | 4,484 | file splitter | 771 |
file teenie | 3,792 | pdf file | 768 |
midi file | 3,706 | file rename | 757 |
dss file | 3,369 | file sharing program | 689 |
file | 2,909 | free wav file | 678 |
x file | 2,697 | hu file | 652 |
file management | 2,013 | recover file | 638 |
temporary internet file | 1,972 | free dss file | 636 |
program file | 1,368 | mp3 file | 587 |
zip file | 1,304 | avi file | 539 |
sound file | 1,296 | file search | 522 |
free midi file | 1,270 | rar file | 483 |
file extension | 1,243 | dat file | 480 |
dll file | 1,162 | file manager | 447 |
share file | 1,108 | file compression | 422 |
file cabinet | 1,038 | bin cgi file getfileinfo.cgi oeupdate.dat | 413 |
bin file getfileinfo.cgi oeupdate.dat scgi | 953 | split file | 413 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "file"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | tou (line, rank, row, turn). (various references) | |
Albanian | fishë (index card, plug, slug), fus në dosje, fut në dosje, limoj, dosje (case file, dossier, folder, jacket, portfolio, record), eci njeri pas tjetrit, çetë, limë, varg (cavalcade, chain, column, concatenation, course, in file, line, network, nexus, number, range, rank, ridge, row, series, string, succession, train, variety, verse), radhë (batch, consecution, cue, inning, innings, place, play, queue, range, rank, row, run, series, tier, turn), regjistroj (book, calendar, catalogue, chalk, check in, cut a disk, cut the record, dub, enrol, enroll, enter, list, notify, record, register), rresht (consecutively, flat out, line, line up, on end, range, rank, row, tier, together), sirtar (drawer, pigeonhole, tray), skedë (card), skedar (card catalogue, card index, file-cabinet, filing cabinet), kartotekë. (various references) | |
Arabic | صف (queue, row), ملف (bobbin, coil, dossier, fold, folder, portfolio, reel, spool, wrap), مجموعة مصنفة, هذب (chasten, civilize, cultivate, edify, educate, elevate, geld, lop, perfect, polish, prune, refine, retouch, revise, shear off, sublimate, touch, touch up, trim), نقح (blue pencil, emend, expurgate, rectify, refine, retouch, revise, touch up), لوث (bedaub, befoul, besmear, besmirch, blot, contaminate, daub, defile, degrade, dirty, discredit, foul, pollute, smear, smirch, soil, spot, stain, sully, taint, tarnish), ترشح للإنتخابات, سير (course, foot, going, impel, march, motion, pan, pass, procession, progress, propel, running, thong, walk), طابور (column, crocodile, cue, line, queue, row, tabor), ضبر, إضبارة (dossier), أرسل مادة للنشر, شخص ماكر (fox). (various references) | |
Asturian | archivu. (various references) | |
Bemba | failo. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | регистрирам (book, calendar, enter, inscribe, list, log, record, register), редица (line, line up, parade, range, rank, round, row, run, sequence, variety, various), хитрец (coon, dodger, operator, shuffler, slicker, slyboots, smart aleck, smarty), картотека (card index), вертикална редица квадрати, опилвам, марширувам в колона, архива (muniment), папка (binder, case, folder, portfolio), пиля (rasp), пила (key-file, rasp, rasper, rubber, scalper), изглаждам (adjust, atone, calender, face, iron out, level, make up, patch, patch up, plane, planish, polish, polish up, press out, reconcile, sleek, slick, smarm, smooth, sponge out), досие (dossier, record, record of service), дело (act, action, affair, case, cause, deed, handiwork, life work, plea, suit). (various references) | |
Cebuano | han-ay sa mga papeles. (various references) | |
Chinese | 文件 (document). (various references) | |
Czech | fascikl (dossier), šanon, akta (deeds), řada (array, bank, line, queue, range, rank, round, row, sequence, series, set, string, tier), defilovat, desky (binder, folder), šòùra (cord, leash, line, rope, string, tail back, tie), mapa (chart, map), založit (base, begin, constitute, establish, float, found, ground, institute, launch, mislay, plant, set up, start, start up, wedge), pilník (rasper), pořadaè (binder, self-binder), soubor (body, company, complex, ensemble, package, set, suite, syllabus), spis (publication, tract, writing), zástup (crowd, mob, multitude, throng), zařadit do kartotéky, kartotéka (card file). (various references) | |
Danish | fil (computer file, virtual file). (various references) | |
Dutch | dossier (dossier), bestand (dossier, truce). (various references) | |
Esperanto | fajlilo, fajli, vico (line, rank, row, turn), teko (briefcase), sliparo, dosiero (dossier). (various references) | |
Faeroese | fíla, fíl, skjátta (bag, briefcase, sack), raðfylgi (line, rank, row, turn), rað (line, order, rank, row, series, set, tidy, turn). (various references) | |
Finnish | viilata, viila. (various references) | |
French | limer (file off), lime, dossier (program file), rang, fichier (filing cabinet), classeur (filing cabinet). (various references) | |
Frisian | fylje, file, rige (line, rank, row, turn), kompjûterbestân, aktetas (brief case, briefcase, portfolio). (various references) | |
German | Feile, Datei (data, data file, data set, database, dataset, dossier), feilen (filing, hone down, rasp, to rasp), reihe (array, bank, battery, chain, line, line-up, number, order, procession, progression, range, rank, row, run, series, set, string, suite, tier, turn), Akte (act, certificate, diploma, document, dossier, paper, record), ordner (binder, formatters, Marshal, steward), einordnen (categorize, class, classify, filing, order, pigeonhole, place, range in, rank, ranking, stay in lane, to class). (various references) | |
Greek | λίμα (filch, jaw, rasp), λιμάρω (file down, rasp), αρχείο (archive, registry). (various references) | |
Hebrew | משוף (grater, rasp), לתיק, לשיף (rasp, scrape), לשוף (graze, plaster, polish, rub, scrape), לצעוד בטור, תיק (bag, box, case, dossier, folder, portfolio, satchel), שופין, שורה (column, line, pass, rank, row, string, succession, tier), שדרה (aisle, rank, row), פצירה, כרטסת (card index, catalogue, ticket block), טור (column, line, progression, rank, route, row). (various references) | |
Hungarian | akta (act, certificate, diploma, document), sor (array, bed, enfilade, line, private, pvt, queue, range, rank, rope, row, scale, series, tier), reszelő (grater, rasp, shredder), ráspoly (rasp), oszlop (column, mainstay, pile, pillar, prop, rectifier, stanchion, standard, support), kartoték (card index), iratrendező, iratgyűjtő (binder), iratcsomó (dossier), dosszié (dossier, file folder, folder), adatállomány. (various references) | |
Icelandic | röð (line, rank, row, turn). (various references) | |
Indonesian | mengamril (sand), mengaju (institute, put, submit), kikir (avarice, avaricious, closefisted, skinny). (various references) | |
Inuktitut | nuasimajut titirait. (various references) | |
Italian | lima (rasp), pratica (dossier, exercise, experience, negotiations, practice, surgery, training), ordinare (appoint, arrange, arrange oneself, array, book, command, direct, dispose, draw oneself up, enjoin, indent, instruct, ordain, order, organize, pit in order, prescribe, put in order, require, reserve, sort, to order), incartamento (dossier), fascicolo (booklet, brief, brochure, dossier, exercise-book, fascicle, folder, installment, instalment, issue, notebook, number), archivio (archive, archives, record). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 鑢 (rasp), 縦列 (column), フーゼル油 (far, Far East, farce, farm, farm stay, fast, fast back, fast break, fast food, fiber, fiberboard, fiberglass, fiberscope, fibre, fight, fight money, fighter, fighting spirit, filename, filesystem, filing system, final, final set, finance, fire, fire alarm, fire insurance, fire storm, fireman, fireproof, firewall, firm, firm banking, firmware, first, first impression, first lady, first run, first-class, first-name, five-star, food, food processor, Fourier, fur, fur coat, furniture, fusel oil, hood, hoop, pharmacy, purse, whodunit), 伍 (associate with, five, five-man squad, line, rank with). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ファイル , ご (associate with, be clear, be cold, be serene, be skillful, doingfor, five, five-man squad, giving, Go, honourable, language, line, mis-, rank with, word), やすり (rasp), じゅうれつ (column). (various references) | |
Korean | 파일. (various references) | |
