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Definitions: Fencing |
FencingNoun1. A barrier that serves to enclose an area. 2. Material for building fences. 3. The act or art of using a sword as in fencing. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "fencing" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1588. (references) |
Synonyms: FencingSynonyms: fence (n), fencing material (n), swordplay (n). (additional references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Until the invention of firearms, swords were the primary offensive weapon in Europe. With firearms making heavy armor obsolete, the broadword evolved into lighter, more manageable weapons suitable against unarmed opponents. Fencing started to develop in the Renaissance with the Rapier as the weapon of choice. Swords gradually became obsolete as weapons for warfare, but they survived until well into the 19th century as weapons for self-defense and to resolve honor disputes in formal duels.
The modern sport of fencing originates in the late 19th century, when swords became obsolete as duels of honor became outlawed in most European countries and fencing, in order to survive, had to reinvent itself as a sport. This it did in time to be one of the event of the first olympic games in 1896. The first few years of fencing as a sport were chaotic, with important rule disagreements among schools of fencing from different countries, notably the French and Italian schools.
This state of affairs ended in 1913, with the foundation of the Fédération Internationale d'Escrime (FIE) in Paris. The stated purpose of the FIE is to codify and regulate the practice of the sport of fencing, particularly for the purpose of international competition. The foundation of the FIE is a convenent breaking point between the classical and the modern traditions of fencing.
As a sport, the emphasis of the modern sporting tradition is on training athletes to win at competitions with often arbitrarily defined rules, as opposed to the older, "classical" tradition of fencing, seeking to preserve training with the sword as a means of self-defense and for the formal duel.
The effects of this split, however, have manifested only slowly since initially all training was done by fencing masters of the classical tradition. After over one hundred years of practice, though, the differences may be considerable.
In both its modern and its classical guise, fencing consists of three different weapons: foil, épée and saber. These three weapons had become standard by the late nineteenth century. All but Women's Saber (which will make its debut at the 2004 Olympic Games) are represented at Olympic-level competition. Additionally, in classical academies, one will often find historical fencing weapons, such as grand canne and rapier and dagger, being taught.
Foil used to be the first weapon taught to beginners, because the techniques of foil teach, in abtract form, the fundamentals of fencing. Additionally, in the past, women were only allowed to fence foil, and the lightness of the weapon made it easier to handle by children. Today, while it is advisable to gain at least a fundamental grasp of foil, fencers often begin with any of the three weapons.
The modern foil is descended from the training weapon for the small-sword, a lighter version of the rapier that was the common sidearm of the eighteenth-century gentleman. (Rapier and even longsword foils are also known to have been used but they were very different in terms of weight and use.) It is a light weapon, with a flexible, quadrangular blade, that scores only with the point. (In modern sport fencing, which makes use of electrical scoring appratus, one must hit the opponent with the tip of the blade, with a force of at least 4.90 Newtons (500 grams).)
The valid target area at foil is limited, due to it having evolved from the time when fencing was practiced with limited safety equipment. Hits to the face were dangerous, so the head was removed from valid target. The target was then further reduced to only the trunk of the body, where the vitals are located. A touch which lands on nonvalid target stops the fight, but no point is scored.
The modern épée is the closest weapon to an actual classical duelling weapon that is used in modern fencing. Following the great social revolutions of the late eighteenth century, gentlemen no longer commonly wore swords, and so the épée, carried to the field of honor in a case, was developed as a means of settling disputes. The épée is a long, straight and relatively heavy sword, with a triangular, relatively inflexible blade and a large, round, bell-shaped guard.
Like the foil, the épée is a point weapon. The reason for the large guard is that the hand is valid target, as is the rest of the body. Since double-hits are a possibility -- and, since there is no right-of-way (see below), épée fencing tends to be conservative in the extreme. In electric fencing, in order for a point to register, one must hit the opponent with the point, registering at least 7.35 Newtons (750 grams) of force. Classical fencers sometimes use a point d'arret, a three-pronged attachment that will actually catch the opponent's jacket.
The modern saber is descended from the classical northern Italian dueling saber, a far lighter weapon than the cavalry saber. The method and practice of saber fencing is somewhat different from the other weapons, in that they are edged weapons. In modern electric scoring, a touch with the saber, point, flat or edge, to any part of the opponent's valid target (head, torso, or arm) will register a hit. Classical fencing, naturally, has more stringent requirements.
The target area originates from dueling saber training. To attack the opponent's leg would allow him to "slip" that leg back and attack one's exposed arm or head given that the higher line attack will outreach the low line (there is a classic example of the leg slip in Angelo's Hungarian and Highland Broadsword of 1790). The target area is from the waist up excluding the hands. Similar right of way rules exist for sabre as they do for foil.
The "right of way" principle in foil and saber is that the first person to attack has priority. Simply put, if one is attacked, one must defend oneself before counterattacking -- rather than attempting to hit one's opponent even at the risk of being hit oneself. Attacks can be made to fail either by bad luck, mis-judgement or by action on the part of the defender. Parrying (deflecting the attack with the blade) causes priority to change and for the defender to have the opportunity to attack. For instance, if one fencer attacks, and the other immediately counter-attacks into the attack, and each hits the other, the first fencer's attack is considered successful, while the second is considered to have misjudged. If, however, the second fencer parried the first attack and then responded with an attack of their own, they would have taken the right of way away from the first fencer. It would then be incumbent on the first fencer to defend him- or her-self.
In the modern sports of foil and sabre, both fencers will register a hit if they contact within a certain time of each other. Then the president must decide who had right of way at the time of the hits, and therefore who gets a point. If the president cannot tell, then they will declare the touches null, and restart the fight from where it stopped.
The clothing which is worn in modern fencing is made of tough cotton, nylon or kevlar. It includes the following items of clothing:
Traditionally, the uniform is white in color, to assist the judges in seeing touches scored. However, recently the rules have been relaxed to allow colored uniforms.
Fencing takes place on a strip, or piste, with two fencers facing one another. In modern fencing, the piste is between 1.5 and 2 meters wide, and 14 meters long. Opponents start in the middle of the piste, 4 metres apart, in the en garde position.
A referee (formerly called president of jury, or director) presides over the contest, which called a "bout." The referee's duties include keeping score, keeping time (if there is no other time keeper), awarding points and maintaining the order of the bout. He or she stands on one side of the piste, watching the bout.
Electronic scoring is used in all major national and international, and most local, sport competitions. (Classical fencing does not use such devices, as classical fencers feel that such devices negatively impact the practice of the art.) The electrical scoring system requires additional clothing for foil and saber: Foil fencers wear a conducting vest which covers the torso and groin. Saber fencers wear a conducting jacket, gauntlet and mask. In both weapons, the fencers' weapons are also wired. When a fencer scores a touch on an opponent, this completes an electric circuit which turns on a light and an audible alarm to notify the referee that a touch has been scored. The referee observes the fencers and the scoring machine to determine which fencer has the right-of-way.
In épée, the fencers carry special weapons with compressible tips. When a touch is scored, the tip of the épée compresses, completing the circuit and signalling a touch. Since target area is the entire body, the fencers do not wear special clothing. However, the strip itself must be grounded, to prevent a touch from scoring when the tip of an épée hits the strip (as opposed to striking the opponent's toe, for example).
Electronic scoring was introduced to épée in 1936, to foil in 1957, and to sabre in 1988.
Prior to the introduction of electric scoring equipment, the president of jury was assisted by four judges. Two judges were positioned behind each fencer, one on each side of the strip. The judges watched the fencer opposite to see if he was hit.
When a judge thought he saw a hit, he raised his hand. The president then stopped the bout and polled the judges to determine whether there was a touch, and (in foil and sabre) whether the touch was valid or nonvalid. Each judge had one vote, and the president had one and a half votes. Thus, two judges could overrule the president; but if the judges disagreed, or of one judge abstained, the president's opinion ruled.
The Emergence of Modern Fencing
Modern and Classical Fencing
The Weapons
Foil
Épée
Saber
Right of Way
Protective Clothing
This equipment serves to protect the fencer.The Practice of Fencing
Electronic scoring equipment
Non-electric scoring
Notable modern fencers and fencing masters
Notable classical fencers and fencing masters
External links
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Fencing."
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Falsehood | Perversion of truth, suppression of truth; suppressio veri; perversion, distortion, false coloring; exaggeration; prevarication, equivocation, shuffling, fencing, evasion, fraud; suggestio falsi; (lie); mystification; (concealment); simulation; (imitation); dissimulation, dissembling; deceit; blague. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Fencing |
| English words defined with "fencing": backsword ♦ Empalement, epee ♦ fence, fencer, fencing mask, fencing material, fencing stick, fencing sword, Foin, Foinery ♦ Gladiature, guard ♦ lunger ♦ Puncto ♦ Ripost ♦ saber, sabre, screw bean, Scrimer, singlestick, Sword fight, swordplay, swordsman, swordsmanship ♦ Venew. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "fencing": ALUMINUM-POOL INSTALLER, ASSEMBLER, WIRE-MESH GATE, athletic coach ♦ BARBED-WIRE-MACHINE OPERATOR ♦ Cooks ♦ diversion fencing ♦ FENCE-MAKING MACHINE OPERATOR, FENCING KEN ♦ INSTRUCTOR, SPORTS ♦ lifting guard ♦ RANGE MANAGER, range-management specialis, Repartee' ♦ wire pack. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "fencing": Foinery. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Are you going to try out for the British fencing team? (Die Another Day; writing credit: Neal Purvis) He's in for fencing, not for mass murder. (Shannon's Deal; writing credit: John Sayles) He was a fencing Master in Madrid. (The Mark of Zorro; writing credit: John Taintor Foote; Garrett Fort) | |
Movie/TV Titles | The Fencing Master (1915) Japanese Fencing (1901) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Little Eightmile Ranch along the Lemhi River, one of the areas selected for for the livestock exclusion fencing restoration project. This image shows the stream prior to the fencing. Erosion is evident.Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | A close-up of the fencing type used at the Little Eightmile Ranch site.Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
 | Fencing cattle away from a stream is an important measure for water quality that these northeast Iowa farmers are adopting.Credit: Tim McCabe. |  | Streambank Fencing project in Lancaster County, PA.Credit: Bob Nichols. |
 | Electric wire fencing is used to rotate grazing cattle on a 3 week rotation. Cattle on left have grazed for 3 weeks and will be rotated to the pasture on the right. Electric wire fence is used to manage the grazing. Benton, Arkansas.Credit: Jeff Vanuga. |  | Concrete water crossing for livestock. Buffers and fencing for livestock exclusion are also part of the NRCS practices Georgia.Credit: Jeff Vanuga. |
 | A water tank in a pasture combined with fencing keeps cattle out of critical riparian area in Lamar County, Georgia.Credit: Jeff Vanuga. |  | Cross fencing done for rotational grazing system.Credit: Gary Kramer. |
 | Surrounded by protective fencing that shields the rain gauge from wind currents, hydrologic technician Michael Murphy retrieves precipitation data for a site on the 16,000-acre Central Plains Experimental Range. P.Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Scott Bauer.. |  | Black & White photo of range juniper/sage with juniper pole fencing.Credit: Unknown. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Thorstein Veblen | In point of substantial merit the law school belongs in the modern university no more than a school of fencing or dancing. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | There are also some small firms manufacturing plastic pipes, chain-link fencing, and drilling reagents. (references) | |
Economic History | Russia | Assistance provided includes supercontainers, railcar upgrades, emergency support equipment, automated inventory control and management systems, computer modeling, a personnel reliability program, 50 sets of "quick-fix" fencing and sensors for storage sites, and the development of a Security Assessment and Training Center to test and evaluate new security systems for storage sites. (references) |
Argentina | A typical maintenance project includes improvements of airfield pavement markings and lighting; utilities and distribution systems (telephone, gas, electricity, sanitation and sewage); fire suppression systems; security equipment (luggage inspection systems, metal detectors, fencing, etc.) and navigational aids (such as beacons, VORs, DME, ILS, and precision approach path indicators - PAPI). (references) | |
Indigenous People | Angola | In July the Ministry of Agriculture, in conjunction with the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, began fencing off plots of land for pastoral groups in these provinces. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Fencing" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 97.23% of the time. "Fencing" is used about 289 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 97.23% | 281 | 17,410 |
| Lexical Verb (-ing form) | 2.08% | 6 | 143,867 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.69% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 289 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "fencing": diversion fencing ♦ fencing bout ♦ fencing instructor ♦ fencing mask ♦ fencing master ♦ fencing material ♦ fencing post ♦ fencing round ♦ fencing stick ♦ fencing sword ♦ fencing wire ♦ fencing with sabre ♦ foil fencing ♦ wire fencing. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "fencing": fencing-foil. | |
Ending with "fencing": ring-fencing, sheep-fencing. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
fencing | 3,602 | fencing material | 75 |
vinyl fencing | 1,073 | plastic fencing | 73 |
horse fencing | 700 | iron fencing | 65 |
farm fencing | 245 | fencing sword | 65 |
wood fencing | 233 | fencing supply | 61 |
chain link fencing | 200 | fencing polymer | 53 |
pool fencing | 190 | sport fencing | 53 |
pvc fencing | 169 | wire fencing | 52 |
bamboo fencing | 162 | fencing foil | 50 |
invisible fencing | 143 | metal fencing | 50 |
privacy fencing | 128 | split rail fencing | 50 |
aluminum fencing | 126 | security fencing | 49 |
electric fencing | 124 | yard fencing | 47 |
garden fencing | 123 | deer fencing | 43 |
fencing equipment | 119 | reed fencing | 42 |
pet fencing | 113 | fencing willow | 40 |
wrought iron fencing | 112 | decorative fencing | 37 |
dog fencing | 93 | residential fencing | 35 |
livestock fencing | 80 | picket fencing | 33 |
cedar fencing | 77 | lattice fencing | 32 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "fencing"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | thurje (knitting, knitwork, network, plotting, spin, twist, weave, weaving, wicker-work, woof), skermë (fence, foil, singlestick, swordplay), shmangie (aberration, avoidance, declination, deflection, deflexion, departure, deviation, divergence, divergency, diversion, elusion, evasion, forbear, forbearance, jink, Miss, Parry, sidestep, swerve), rrethim me gardh, material për gardh, gardhim. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | كل ما يستعمل لإقامة الأسيجة, ممتلكات (asset, belongings, dominions, estate, gear, holding, possession, possessions, property, substance), مبارزة بالسيف (fence), مبارزة (duel, swordplay), تسييج (enclosure), سياج (corral, dike, enclosure, fence, hedgerow, paling, rail, weir), عائق (balk, bar, barrier, clog, deterrent, difficulty, disadvantage, drag, embarrassment, encumbrance, hamper, handicap, hindrance, impediment, inconvenience, interference, jam, liability, morass, obstruction, obstructive, restraint, setback, shackle, stick, stumbling block, stymie, tie, trammel, traverse). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | фехтовка (fence, singlestick, swordplay), търговия с крадени вещи, шикалкавене (hedging, quibble, quiddity, quip, runaround, shuffle), кръстосване на шпаги, ограждане (enclosure), ограда (fence, rail, timber), материал за ограда, преграждане (obstruction, occlusion, screening), изчакване (abeyance). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 劍" , "刀 (Fenced). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | oplocení (fence), šerm (sword play, swordplay). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | faegtedragt (dress), trådnet (mesh, wire netting), trådhegn (mesh, strained wire fence, wire fence, wire netting), sikkerhedsafspærring, indkegning, indhegning (barnyard, enclosure, fence, holding paddock, hurdle, open yard, outdoor run, paddock, paling fence, palisade, picket fence, run, wattle), hegn (fence, hedge, hurdle, mesh, paling, paling fence, picket fence, wattle, wire netting), afspærring. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | schermvest (dress), omheiningen (fence, hurdle, paling fence, picket fence, wattle), omheining (fence, hurdle, paling, paling fence, picket fence, wattle), hek (barrier, fence, grate, grid, grill, stern), geknoopt gaas (mesh, mesh fencing, wire netting), afsluiting (barrier, clearing, closing, dam, disconnection, fence, fish garth, occlusion, stopped-off area, stopping, stopping off, termination, transfer, writing off), afrastering (fence, grate, grid, grill, hurdle, paling, paling fence, picket fence, wattle). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | aitaaminen. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | clôture (fence, fender, paling fence, picket fence). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | fechten (fence, fight, swordplay), fechtend, einzäunend. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | ξιφασκία (sword fighting, sword play, swordplay, swordsmanship). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | '"יר" (restraining), '"ור (enclosure, fenced, restraint, restriction), סיוף (fence, swordplay), סיו', סיפות (swordcraft, swordsmanship). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | vívás (fence, sword play). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | anggar. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | scherma (fence). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 剣" (kendo, swordmanship). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | フェンシング , 'きけ" (kendo), け"ぽう (Chinese art of self-defence, constitution), け"どう (expediency, inappropriate means to a worthy end, kendo, prefectural road, swordmanship), け"じゅつ. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 검 함. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | scaa (a very thin person, adumbration, apparition, blight; thirds, cover, fence, fire guard, ghost, guise, hood, pretence, screen, shade, shadiness, shadow, timidity), cur scaa er (guard, shade), cur faal mysh, cliwederaght. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Norwegian | fekting. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | encingfay vedação (enclosure, fence, fitting, game fence, gasket, gate, hail, hurdle, jointing, luting, packing, paling fence, picket fence, rail, railing, sealing, wattle, windbreak). (various references) tãinuire de lucruri furate, scrimã (fence), material pentru garduri, gard (fence, hedge, hurdle, palisade, rail, railing, wall), dezbatere (agitation, canvass, debate, deliberation, discussion, dispute, quarrel), barierã (bar, barrier, border, dike, fence, gate, grating, hindrance, lifting gate, obstruction, Pike, screen, stile, turnpike), apãrare (advocacy, apology, defence, defensive, guard, maintenance, muniment, protection, security, shelter, shield, vindication), împrejmuire (close, enclosure, environment, haw). (various references) огораживание, заграждение (barrage, entanglement, obstruction, roadblock), забор (fence, paling, palisade), изгородь (fence, hedge). (various references) mačevanje (fence, sword play, swordplay, swordsmanship), građa za ogradu. (various references) esgrima (instruction, swordplay, swordsmanship). (various references) fäktning (fight, swordplay). (various references) การพู"เลี่ยง, การฟัน"าบ (swordplay), วัส"ุสำหรับทำรั้ว. (various references) parmaklık (balustrade, banisters, bar, boarding, fence, grating, grid, grill, grille, guardrail, hurdle, paling, palisade, rack, rail, railing, trellis), kaçamaklı cevap verme, eskrim (fence, swordplay), çit (barrier, enclosure, fence, hedge, hurdle, inclosure, paling, palisade, ring fence). (various references) fehtowaniяe (r). (various references) фехтування (fence, singlestick, swordplay), тин (fence, hedge, raddle, wicker), огорожа (balconet, barrier, enclosure, fence, haw, inclosure, pale, rail, railing), обгороджування. (various references) sự tránh được, sự r o dậu h ng r o, sự ngăn chặn được, sự bảo vệ sự đẩy lui. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "fencing": fencings. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "fencing": refencing, unfencing. (additional references) | |
| |
"Fencing" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: fancing, febcing, feening, fenici, fenig, fening, Fenning, Fensvig, ffenning, frenching. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "fencing" (pronounced fe"nsing) |
| 5 | -e" n s i ng | commencing, condensing, dispensing, expensing, lensing, mensing, sensing. |
| 4 | -n s i ng | advancing, announcing, balancing, bouncing, conferencing, convincing, dancing, denouncing, distancing, enhancing, experiencing, financing, freelancing, glancing, influencing, Lancing, licensing, mincing, outdistancing, pouncing, prancing, pronouncing, rebalancing, referencing, refinancing, renouncing, rinsing, romancing, sentencing, sequencing, silencing, teleconferencing, trouncing, unconvincing, videoconferencing, wincing. |
| 3 | -s i ng | accessing, acquiescing, addressing, affixing, amassing, annexing, assessing, basing, blessing, boxing, bracing, busing, bussing, buttressing, bypassing, canvassing, caressing, casing, ceasing, chasing, classing, coalescing, coaxing, coercing, collapsing, compressing, confessing, conversing, coursing, crisscrossing, crossing, cursing, cussing, debasing, decreasing, defacing, depressing, diagnosing, digressing, disbursing, discussing, dismissing, dispersing, displacing, distressing, divorcing, dosing, dousing, dowsing, dressing, eclipsing, effacing, embarrassing, embracing, encompassing, endorsing, enforcing, engrossing, enticing, erasing, expressing, facing, faxing, fixing, flexing, focusing, forcing, fundraising, fussing, gassing, greasing, grimacing, grossing, grousing, guessing, hairdressing, harassing, harnessing, hissing, horsing, icing, impressing, increasing, indexing, inducing, intermixing, introducing, invoicing, kissing, lapsing, leasing, loosing, massing, menacing, messing, missing, mixing, noticing, nursing, obsessing, oppressing, outpacing, outsourcing, overproducing, pacing, parsing, passing, perplexing, piecing, piercing, placing, policing, possessing, practicing, prejudicing, pressing, pricing, processing, producing, professing, progressing, promising, pulsing, racing, reassessing, recessing, redressing, reducing, refocusing, rehearsing, reimbursing, reinforcing, reintroducing, rejoicing, relapsing, relaxing, releasing, reminiscing, replacing, repressing, repricing, reprocessing, reproducing, repulsing, repurchasing, resurfacing, retracing, reversing, sacrificing, seducing, servicing, showcasing, slicing, sluicing, sourcing, spacing, spicing, splicing, sprucing, stressing, subleasing, suppressing, surfacing, surpassing, taxing, tossing, tracing, traipsing, traversing, trespassing, unceasing, underpricing, unpromising, vexing, voicing, waltzing, waxing, wissing, witnessing, xeroxing. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "c-e-f-g-i-n-n" | |
-2 letters: feign, genic. | |
-3 letters: cine, fice, fine, gien, neif, nice, nine. | |
-4 letters: cig, eng, fen, fie, fig, fin, gen, gie, gin, ice, inn. | |
-5 letters: ef, en, if, in, ne. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-e-f-g-i-n-n" | |
+1 letter: enfacing, fencings. | |
+2 letters: enforcing, flenching, frenching, infecting, refencing, unfencing. | |
+3 letters: beneficing, confecting, conferring, confessing, greenfinch, inflecting. | |
+4 letters: coinferring, fecundating, freelancing, influencing, interfacing, magnificent, reenforcing, referencing, refinancing, reinfecting, reinforcing, unaffecting. | |
+5 letters: centrifuging, cockneyfying, conferencing, differencing, disinfecting, frenchifying, genuflecting, genuflection, greenfinches, interfacings, magnificence, prefinancing, reconfirming, significance, transfecting. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)46 65 6E 63 69 6E 67 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)..-. . -. -.-. .. -. --. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000110 01100101 01101110 01100011 01101001 01101110 01100111 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)F e n c i n g |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0046 0065 006E 0063 0069 006E 0067 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)40718069758073 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Familiar | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Usage Frequency 11. Expressions 12. Expressions: Internet | 13. Translations: Modern 14. Derivations 15. Rhymes 16. Anagrams | 17. Orthography 18. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
