Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Farmer |
FarmerNoun1. A person who operates a farm. 2. United States civil rights leader who in 1942 founded the Congress of Racial Equality (born in 1920). 3. An expert on cooking whose cookbook has undergone many editions (1857-1915). Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "farmer" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1386. (references) |
Etymology: Farmer \Farm"er\, noun. [Compare to the French expression fermier.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Food & Agriculture | A person who runs or cultivates a farm. Source: European Union. (references) |
Occupations | A term used to designate a person who manages a tract of land devoted to production or exploitation of plants and animals. Classifications are made according to duties performed as FARMER, FIELD CROP (agriculture); FARMER, GENERAL (agriculture); FARMER, FRUIT CROPS, BUSH AND VINE (agriculture); LIVESTOCK RANCHER (agriculture); POULTRY FARMER (agriculture). (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, and fiber by cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals. Agriculture is also known as farming.
Overview
Agriculture includes both subsistence agriculture, which is producing enough food to meet the needs of the farmer and family, but no more) and also (almost universally in the "developed" nations and increasingly so in other areas) the production of financial income from cultivation of the land or commercial raising of animals (animal husbandry). Agriculture is the practice -- the study of these disciplines is called agricultural science.
Increasingly, besides food for humans and animal feeds, agriculture produces goods such as cut flowers, ornamental and nursery plants, fertilizers, animal hides, leather, industrial chemicals (starch, ethanol, and plastics), fibers (cotton, wool, hemp, and flax), fuels (methane, biodiesel, biomass), and both legal and illegal drugs (biopharmaceuticals, marijuana, opium, cocaine). Genetically engineered plants and animals produce specialty drugs.
In the Western world, use of improved genetics, better management of soil nutrients, and improved weed control have greatly increased yields per acre. At the same time, use of mechanization has decreased labor requirements, releasing most of the populace from intense agricultural labor. The developing world is behind by Western measures of productivity, because of unavailability of the education, capital and technology base needed to sustain these advances, and usually ecoregion with less optimal climates and soils.
Animal husbandry means breeding and raising animals for meat or to harvest animal products (like milk, eggs, or wool) on a continual basis.
In recent years, some aspects of industrial intensive agriculture have been the subject of increasing discussion. The widening sphere of influence held by large seed and chemical companies and meat packers has been a source of concern both within the farming community and for the general public. The patent protection given to companies that develop new types of seed using genetic engineering has allowed seed to be licensed to farmers in much the same way that computer software is licensed to users. This has changed the balance of power in favor of the seed companies allowing them to dictate terms and conditions previously unheard of. Some argue these companies are guilty of biopiracy.
Soil conservation and nutrient management have been important concerns since the 1950s, with the best farmers taking a stewardship role with the land they operate.
Increasing consumer awareness of agricultural issues has led to the rise of community supported agriculture, local food movement, Slow food, and commercial organic farming, though these yet remain fledgling industries.
History
Determining the origin of agriculture is problematic since it pre-dates the invention of writing. Some authorities insist localized farming took place more than 10,000 years ago while others believe the earliest systematic plantings/harvestings took place no more than 7,000 years ago. The practice of agriculture is often used to distinguish the neolithic period from earlier parts of the stone age. The first crops that humans domesticated included wheat and barley. It is clear that farming was invented at least twice, probably more often: once in the Fertile Crescent (some say by the Natufian culture, others say by the Sumerians), once in East Asia, and probably once in Central America. Most likely, there was a gradual transition from a hunter-gatherer economy to an agricultural one, via a lengthy period when some crops were deliberately planted, and other foods were gathered from the wild. The reasons for the earliest introduction of farming may have included climate change. Farming allows a much greater density of population than can be supported by hunting and gathering.
Policy
Agricultural policy focuses on the goals and methods of agricultural production. At the policy level, common goals of agriculture include:
- Food safety: Ensuring that the food supply is free of contamination.
- Food security: Ensuring that the food supply meets the populations needs.
- Food quality: Ensuring that the food supply is of a consistent and known quality.
- Conservation
- Environmental impact
- Economic stability
Methods
- Hydroponic
- Tillage by plough
- Irrigation
- Fertilizers
- Crop rotation
- Weed removal
- Breeding
- Fencing
- Ranching
Crops
World production of major crops in 2002
In millions of metric tons, based on USDA estimates:
Note: There are two units of measure used for rice. Paddy rice is a measure of the tonnage of rice in its as-harvested state. Milled rice is a measure of the tonnage of rice after it is processed to remove the husk and, sometimes, polish the kernel.
- Maize 624
- Wheat 570
- Rice 381.1
- Cotton 96.5
Crop improvement
Domestication of plants is made in order to increase yield, disease resistance, drought tolerance, ease of harvest, and to improve the taste and nutritional value and many other characteristics. Centuries of careful selection and breeding have had enormous effects on the characteristics of crop plants. Plant breeders use greenhouses and other techniques to get as many as three generations of plants per year, so that they can make improvements all the more quickly.
For example, average yields of corn (maize) in the USA have increased from around 40 bushels per acre (2.5 t/ha) in 1900 to about 150 bushels per acre (9.4 t/ha) in 2001, primarily due to improvements in genetics. Similarly, worldwide average wheat yields have increased from less than 10 q/ha (=1 t/ha) in 1900 to more than 25 in 1990. South American average wheat yields are around 20 q/ha, African under 10 q/ha, Egypt and Arabia up to 35 to 40 q/ha with irrigation. In contrast, the average wheat yield in countries such as France is over 80 q/ha. Higher yields are due to improvements in genetics, as well as use of intensive farming techniques (use of fertilizers, chemical pest control, growth control to avoid lodging).
[Conversion note: 1 quintal (q) of wheat = 60 pounds (lb) ≈ 27.215 kg. 1 quintal of corn = 56 pounds ≈ 25.401 kg]
Very recently, genetic engineering has begun to be employed to speed up the selection and breeding process. The most widely used modification is a herbicide resistance gene that allows plants to tolerate exposure to glyphosate. A less frequently used but more controversial modification causes the plant to produce a toxin to reduce damage from insects (c.f. Starlink).
There are specialty producers who raise less common types of livestock or plants.
Aquaculture, the farming of fish, shrimp, and algae, is closely associated with agriculture.
Apiculture, the culture of bees, traditionally for honey, increasingly for crop pollination.
See also : List of domesticated plants, List of vegetables, List of herbs, List of fruit, List of domesticated animals
Environmental problems
- Nitrogen surplus in rivers and lakes.
- Detrimental effects of herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, and other biocides.
- Conversion of natural ecosystems of all types into arable land.
- Erosion
- Weeds - Feral Plants and Animals
See also
- USA agriculture
- Agricultural science
- International agricultural research
- Timeline of agriculture and food technology.
- Agricultural sciences basic topics
- List of subsistence techniques
- List of sustainable agriculture topics
- Arid-zone agriculture
- Community Supported Agriculture
External links
- U.S. Department of Agriculture's Foreign Agricultural Service : Current World Production, Market and Trade Reports
- Agriculture at the United States National Academies
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Agriculture."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A farmer is someone who grows (rather than catches) food eaten by others, often a narrow range of crops sold for money with which the farmer buys everything else in a market. This is a lifeway that was the dominant occupation of the majority of human beings well into the 20th century.In the context of developing nations or other pre-industrial cultures, most farmers practice a meager subsistence agriculture - a simple organic farming system with simple crop rotation or other techniques to maximize yield, using saved seed which is native to the ecoregion. In developed nations such a person using simple techniques on small patches of land might be called a gardener and be considered a hobbyist - or driven into such primitive methods by simple poverty.
In the context of developed nations, a farmer (as a profession) is most usually defined as someone with an ownership interest in crops or livestock, and who provides labour or management in their production. Those who provide only labour but not management, and do not have ownership, are most often called farmhands, or, if they supervise a leased strip of land growing only one crop, as sharecroppers or croppers. In the context of agribusiness, a farmer can be almost anyone - and can legally qualify under agricultural policy for various subsidies, incentives and tax reliefs.
Because of this diversity of terms, and the availability of money for those who 'qualify' as farmers, grower is a more neutral word for this lifeway.
The Dutch word for farmer is boer, from which the Boer people of South Africa took their name.
Notable farmers:
Farmers in fiction:
- José Bové
- Thomas Jefferson - hemp
- Jimmy Carter - peanuts
- Farmer Giles of Ham, novel, J. R. R. Tolkien
- Farmer In The Sky, science-fiction novel, Robert Heinlein
- Fred Dagg, character created by New Zealand performer John Clarke
- The Archers, radio serial, BBC
- Farmer Palmer, comic strip, Viz
- Farmer Jones, whose animals revolt in George Orwell's Animal Farm
Related topics
- Gardening
- Agriculture
- Agribusiness
- Sustainable agriculture
- list of environment topics
- list of conservation topics
- list of sustainable agriculture topics
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Farmer."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Farmer is a town located in Hanson County, South Dakota. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 18.Geography
Farmer is located at 43°43'29" North, 97°41'19" West (43.724747, -97.688492)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²). 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 18 people, 7 households, and 4 families residing in the town. The population density is 115.8/km² (282.5/mi²). There are 10 housing units at an average density of 64.4/km² (156.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 94.44% White, 0.00% African American, 5.56% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 0.00% from two or more races. 0.00% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 7 households out of which 28.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.1% are married couples living together, 14.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% are non-families. 28.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 14.3% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.57 and the average family size is 3.20. In the town the population is spread out with 33.3% under the age of 18, 0.0% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 39 years. For every 100 females there are 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 100.0 males. The median income for a household in the town is $14,375, and the median income for a family is $55,417. Males have a median income of $26,250 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the town is $10,976. 0.0% of the population and 0.0% of families are below the poverty line.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Farmer, South Dakota."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The neutrality of this article is disputed.
Organic farming is the production of plant and animal food products using techniques that aim to develop biological diversity, improve soil fertility and without the use of synthetic persticides or fertilizers. Different legislated standards for organic status exist, but common themes include:
One early goal of the organic movement was to encourage consumption of locally grown food, which was promoted through slogans such as "Know Your Food, Know Your Farmer". With the promulgation of national (or regional) standards for production of organic food, this goal has been diverted to the sidelines, with the large percentage of certified organic food now coming from corporate farmers such as General Mills and Kraft Foods.
- Avoiding the use of synthetic fertilizers or pesticides.
- Avoiding depletion of natural resources.
- "Humane" treatment of animals.
There are a variety of reasons why organic farming is growing in popularity. One is public fear of foodstuffs with possibly harmful chemicals. Another is possible environmental damage. Yet another is the possibility of immediate side-effects, such as, for example, the destruction of beneficial soil organisms by the use of ammonium nitrate.
Many people consider organic foods to be superior to conventionally produced foods because they believe one or more of the following:
Studies to date have shown no significant differences regarding taste and nutritional content between organic and conventional foods. The research of Baker et al (Food Add Contam 19:427-446) found that organically grown produce had one-third the pesticide residue of conventionally grown produce. The potential harmfulness of these residues was not established.
- organic food tastes better
- organic food is more nutritious
- organic food is less likely to contain harmful chemicals
- the cultural methods used to produce them are worthy of promoting.
Because of growing consumer demand, organic farming in developed economies has, in recent years, been growing by about 20% per annum.
A current market trend is the availability of organic fiber for clothing, such as cotton. Proponents of organic fiber point to exceptionally high levels of the use of pesticides and other chemicals in conventional fiber production, and claim environmental abuse through conventional agriculture.
Many nations now offer organic certification for their farmers. In the USA, for example, there is now (2003) a national set of standards. To be certified organic, the land must have been used only for organic production for a certain number of years prior to certification, and only certain naturally-derived chemicals may be used on crops.
In the United Kingdom organic certification is handled by a number of organizations, of which the largest are the Soil Association and Organic Farmers and Growers. All the certifying bodies are subject to the regulations of the UK Register of Organic Food Standards, UKROFS, which itself is bound by European Union (EU) legislation.
In Sweden, organic certification is handled by the private corporation KRAV; and in Canada, by various provincial organisations.
Criticisms of Organic Farming
The environmental benefits of organic farming are a subject of some debate. Foremost in its favor, organic farming does not result in the release of chemical pesticides into the food supply or the environment, nor the leaching of artificial fertilizer. Critics claim that organic advocates ignore the fact that many synthetic pesticides are improvements on natural pesticides, with the goal of making them less dangerous to humans and more environmentally friendly. Organic advocates in turn respond that they use natural pesticides as a last resort, rather controlling pests through growing healthier, disease-resistant plants, using cover crops and crop rotation, and encouraging beneficial insects and birds. The most commonly used organic pesticides are Bt, petroleum oil, soybean oil, and pyrethrum.
In addition, proponents of conventional farming argue that organic farms are less productive, requiring more land to be used to produce the same amount of food. The research of Maeder et al (Science 296 1694-1697) which summarized a twenty-one year Swiss study into organic farming showed an average yield loss of 20%. These results have been contradicted by at least one editorial by Liebhardt (Get the facts straight: organic agriculture yields are good. OFRF Information Bulletin #10, Summer), based upon primarily unpublished data, which claims that over 154 growing seasons' worth of data on various crops, organic crops yielded 95% of crops grown under conventional conditions.
Some organic farming advocates believe that, even if yields are currently lower, these results are obtained without the huge subsidies paid to conventional farmers, and expect yields to be equivalent or higher if organic farming were subsidised to the same level.
Furthermore, some organic farming practices are claimed to do more damage than conventional practices – for instance, the practice of ploughing (see tillage) to prepare soil for planting is claimed to increase soil damage compared to using Roundup, a herbicide. Another argument against organic farming is that while it works acceptably at present because pests are kept under control in surrounding conventional farms and thus do not spread into organic farms, if it became universal the "islands" they operate on would disappear and pests would become a severe issue. (This also works in reverse, as organic farms can be islands of safety for predator insects and pollinators.) Furthermore, organic farms often use manure from livestock fed "non-organic" grain. This is a de facto movement of "chemical" fertilizer from non-organic farms to organic farms.
Some critics also point out organic food could be less safe than non-organic food : some people argue that organic food increases one's exposure to biological contaminants, with greater risk of food born diseases. In particular concerns are related to the use of manure, well known for carrying human pathogens and presence of mycotoxins from molds. In a large french study carried out by Inra, Coopagri Bretagne and ESMSA in 1999-2000, it has been shown for example that the patuline (produced by Penicillium expansum and some Aspergillus) in apples and DON in wheat had to be strongly watched for [1].
See Also
- organic gardening
- permaculture
- sustainable agriculture
- Genetically modified food
- List of organic gardening and farming topics
External Links
- Trashing organic foods
- Cyber-Help for Organic Farmers Portal and content site with a wide range of information and assistance for organic farmers
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Organic farming."
Synonyms: FarmerSynonyms: granger (n), husbandman (n), sodbuster (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Agriculture | Husbandman, horticulturist, gardener, florist; agricultor, agriculturist; yeoman, farmer, cultivator, tiller of the soil, woodcutter, backwoodsman; granger, habitat, vigneron, viticulturist; Triptolemus. |
Inactivity | Idler, drone, droil, dawdle, mopus; do-little faineant, dummy, sleeping partner; afternoon farmer; truant; (runaway) : bummer, loafer, goldbrick, goldbicker, lounger, lazzarone; lubber, lubbard; slow coach; (slow.); opium eater, lotus eater; slug; lag, sluggard, slugabed; slumberer, dormouse, marmot; waiter on Providence, fruges consumere natus. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Luke's just not a farmer, Owen (Star Wars; writing credit: George Lucas) I guess there's a few things I could do instead of basketball I could be a farmer I could be a missionary and go back to the jungle again (Space Jam; writing credit: Leonardo Benvenuti; Steve Rudnick) A farmer may become a hunchback but it's rare for a hunchback to become a farmer (Jean de Florette; writing credit: Claude Berri; Gérard Brach) Paracutin1943, a Mexican farmer sees smoke coming out of the middle of his cornfield (Volcano; writing credit: Jerome Armstrong) Why did the Irish farmer pour alcohol on his vegetable crop (All in the Family; writing credit: Johnny Speight; Norman Lear) | |
Lyrics | Hey farmer farmer ("Big Yellow Taxi"; performing artist: Joni Mitchell) | |
Clever | Farmer Bill Dies in House (references; author: unknown) Enraged Cow Injures Farmer with Ax (references; author: unknown) If a parsley farmer is sued, can they garnish his wages? (references; author: unknown) A farmer learns more from a bad harvest than a good one. (references; author: unknown) Artificial insemination is when the farmer does it to the cow instead of the bull. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Science for the Farmer (1964) Supermarkets and the Farmer (1961) Frances Farmer Presents (1958) The Truck Farmer (1954) Broadway Farmer (1945) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books | |||
Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Tobacco farmer on tractor in tobacco field. Credit: CDC. |  | On the edge of the Kalahari Desert in Namibia, sand dunes are encroaching onto once-fertile lands in the north. Healthy vegetation appears red in this image; in the center, notice the lone red dot. It is the result of a center-pivot irrigation system, evidence that at least one optimistic farmer continues to work the fields despite the approaching sand. Credit: NASA. |
 | Eastern New Mexico farmer inspects plant in a wildlife habitat area. Credit: Gary Kramer. |  | Tom Bennet discussing conservation farm plan with third generation dryland wheat farmer from Gilliam County, Oregon. Credit: Ron Nichols. |
 | Black farmer Earl Shelby looks at his hogs near Petal, MS. Credit: USDA. |  | Mr. L.C. Smith, 75 yr. old black farmer has nice herd of mixed breed beef cattle. Credit: USDA. |
 | Farmer harvesting corn that was planted using stripcropping. Credit: USDA. |  | Martin Aitkin (left), director of the M&M Mars, Inc., Almirante Farm, and a local farmer assess damage from a large, dry witches'-broom growth in a cacao tree at the Luz de Maria farm in Uruçuca, Brazil. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Scott Bauer.. |
 | TRIM and fit: Extension agent Wayne Cooley, ARS agronomist Randy Anderson, and farmer Gilbert Lindstrom work together as a team to figure the best methods for growing wheat in a dryland cropping system relying on a wheat/corn/fallow rotation. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Scott Bauer.. |  | Rogue River - Farmer working field with horses. Credit: Unknown. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Cowboy Farmer" by Gabino Travassos Commentary: "My dad had to get his gun when I asked to take his picture. photo: Gabino Travassos." | "Hungarian farmer" by Chrien Károly Commentary: "Hungarian farmer with a lot of chicken." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Jefferson | Let the farmer for evermore be honored in his calling, for they who labor in the earth are the chosen people of God. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | The first farmer was the first man. All historic nobility rests on the possession and use of land. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | A young farmer, whether on horseback or on foot, is the very last sort of person to raise my curiosity |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | They passed the farmhouse of the Jolly Farmer. |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | Then such a farmer really became a storekeeper, and kept a store |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | The Queen observed my coldness, and when the farmer was gone out of the apartment, asked me the reason |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | The farmer is endeavoring to solve the problem of a livelihood by a formula more complicated than the problem itself |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Yersinia was formerly classified in the family Pasteurellaceae, but based on DNA- DNA hybridization similarities to Escherichia coli, the Yersinia group has been reclassified as members of the Enterobacteriaceae family (Farmer, 1995). Differentiation of the Enterobacteriaceae family members is based on biochemical and antigenic profiles. (references) | |
Business | Medium tractors (25-40 HP) are also now being purchased by individual farmer. (references) | |
Through its private TV cable system, SAGAR reaches around 900 Farmer Support Centers where farmers looking for information on products and prices for both domestic and foreign markets, gather together. (references) | ||
It was not until recently that the Chinese government took a series of measures to make vital structural adjustments to the rural economy and try and improve the overall living standards for the farmer. (references) | ||
Economic History | Poland | Most of the former state farms are now leased to farmer tenants. (references) |
Grenada | The collapse of the sugar estates and the introduction of nutmeg and cocoa encouraged the development of smaller land holdings, and the island developed a land-owning yeoman farmer class. (references) | |
Moldova | The program also supports private farmer commercialization activities and a network of farm service centers/farm stores to provide farmers access to inputs, technology, credit, and market information. (references) | |
Human Rights | Burma | If the farmer pays, the army then imprisons him for 3 years for unlawful association. (references) |
Namibia | The farmer was arrested and charged with attempted murder, and he was released on bail. (references) | |
Ghana | He is suspected of poisoning and killing another farmer but has yet to be formally charged. (references) | |
Minorities | India | In June in Bhojpur, Bihar, four Dalits were attacked by an upper-caste mob on suspicion of stealing a rifle from a wealthy farmer of a higher caste. (references) |
Egypt | On July 26, 2000, gunmen killed Christian farmer Magdy Ayyad Mus'ad and wounded five other persons in Giza province, allegedly over objections to a church that Mus'ad had built. (references) | |
Trade | Taiwan | Farmer and food sector opposition to the reduction of agricultural product tariffs is vigorous, and these groups have substantial political clout. (references) |
Worker Rights | Bhutan | Land laws prohibit a farmer from selling his or her last 5 acres and require the sale of holdings in excess of 25 acres. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | SPOOKER, n. A writer whose imagination concerns itself with supernatural phenomena, especially in the doings of spooks. One of the most illustrious spookers of our time is Mr. William D. Howells, who introduces a well-credentialed reader to as respectable and mannerly a company of spooks as one could wish to meet. To the terror that invests the chairman of a district school board, the Howells ghost adds something of the mystery enveloping a farmer from another township. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | Substandard wages are bad for business and for the farmer. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | This Nation is the world's foremost manufacturer, farmer, banker, consumer, and exporter. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | I have instructed the Secretary of Agriculture to lead a major effort to find new approaches to reduce the heavy cost of our farm programs and to direct more of our effort to the small farmer who needs the help the most. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | We're here to speak for the American farmer, the entrepreneur, and every worker in industries fighting to modernize and compete. |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | Tell the American farmer who feeds his country and the world. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Farmer" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 89.84% of the time. "Farmer" is used about 2,192 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 89.84% | 1,969 | 4,365 |
| Noun (proper) | 10.16% | 223 | 20,178 |
| Total | 100.00% | 2,192 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "farmer" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Farmer | Last name | 30,000 | 357 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| Country | Name |
| USA | Farmer Bros. Co. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
1. Farmer, NC 2. Farmer, SD (town, FIPS 21060) |
Expressions using "farmer": baby farmer ♦ collective farmer ♦ dairy farmer ♦ Fannie Farmer ♦ Fannie Merritt Farmer ♦ Farmer City ♦ Gong farmer ♦ James Leonard Farmer ♦ poultry farmer ♦ sharecrop farmer ♦ sheep farmer ♦ small farmer ♦ stock farmer ♦ tenant farmer ♦ The king's farmer ♦ tree farmer ♦ yeoman farmer. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "farmer": farmer-conservationists, farmer-contractor, farmer-cooperative, farmer-craftsmen, farmer-employer, Farmer-general, Farmer-Labor Party, farmer-labour, farmer-miner, farmer-owned, Farmer-patrick, farmer-people, farmer-saved, farmer-settlers, farmer-substitute. | |
Ending with "farmer": co-farmer, craftsman-farmer, ex-farmer, gentleman-farmer, nailmaker-farmer, owner-farmer, pig-farmer, sheep-farmer, small-farmer, tax-farmer, tenant-farmer, the-farmer, woman-farmer, worker-farmer. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
farmer almanac | 5,518 | bank farmer | 100 |
farmer insurance | 3,046 | farmer ins | 98 |
farmer | 989 | farmer insurance company | 89 |
farmer market | 655 | dairy farmer of america | 88 |
farmer insurance group | 376 | harrys farmer market | 83 |
mylene farmer | 351 | almanac farmer weather | 79 |
farmer jack | 348 | future farmer of america | 78 |
farmer and merchant bank | 288 | farmer boy | 77 |
old farmer almanac | 273 | farmer first bank | 76 |
farmer daughter | 203 | dallas farmer market | 76 |
bank farmer mechanics | 193 | farmer mechanics | 74 |
farmer furniture | 168 | carrollton farmer branch isd | 74 |
dope farmer | 138 | bank farmer national | 73 |
farmer jacks | 132 | farmer insurance.com | 72 |
angeles farmer los market | 121 | farmer auto insurance | 70 |
farmer home administration | 118 | farmer market minneapolis | 70 |
frances farmer | 112 | progressive farmer | 69 |
the grove at farmer market | 112 | city of farmer branch | 67 |
bank farmer state | 105 | chicago farmer market | 67 |
2003 farmer almanac | 105 | farmer merchant | 62 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "farmer"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | landbouer (agrarian), boer (Afrikaans, Afrikander, Afrikaner, agrarian, Boer), agrariër (agrarian). (various references) | |
Albanian | fermer, bujk (agriculturist, cropper, hayseed, Hick, husbandman, tiller), agrar (agrarian, agricultural). (various references) | |
Arabic | فلاح (cotter, loutish, peasant, planter, tiller), مزارع (grower, planter, producer), الملتزم (conformist, contractor, copyholder, entrepreneur, hewer). (various references) | |
Aymara | yapuchiri. (various references) | |
Basque | baserritar (tenant). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | селски стопанин, фермер (grower), земеделец (agrarian, agriculturalist, agriculturist, cropper, husbandman, planter), лице което дава под аренда. (various references) | |
Catalan | camperol. (various references) | |
Chamorro | lancheru. (various references) | |
Chinese | 農人 , 農夫 (peasant), 佃 , 农夫. (various references) | |
Czech | farmář (rancher, ranchman). (various references) | |
Danish | landmand, bonde (rancher). (various references) | |
Dutch | boer (Afrikander, Afrikaner, agrarian, Boer, countryman, jack, page, peasant, rancher). (various references) | |
Ecuadorian Quechua | chacra runa. (various references) | |
Esperanto | farmisto, terkulturisto, terkultivisto, kampulo, bienisto (rancher), agrokulturisto. (various references) | |
Faeroese | uppsitari, bóndi. (various references) | |
Farsi | کشاورز (Agronomist, Husband, Peasant, Planter, Tiller, Yeoman, Yeomanly). (various references) | |
Finnish | farmari, tilallinen (estate-owner, farm-owner), talonpoika (peasant), talonisäntä (landlord, peasant proprietor), talollinen, maanviljelijä (grassland farmer, grazier), maamies, isäntä (boss, employer, head of the house, host, landlord, master). (various references) | |
French | paysan, fermier (tenant farmer), agriculteur. (various references) | |
Frisian | hierde boer, hierboer, bouboer (agrarian), boer. (various references) | |
German | Bauer (boor, bumpkin, cage, grower, hans, husbandman, pawn, peasant, peasants, rustic, tiller, yokel), Landwirt (agriculturist, countryman, cultivator, husbandman, peasant), Farmer (rancher, ranchers). (various references) | |
Greek | γεωργόσ (husbandman), αγρότησ (hayseed, manurer, peasant), αγρότης, απασχολούμενος στη γεωργία. (various references) | |
Guarani | chokokue. (various references) | |
Hawaiian | agrar (agrarian). (various references) | |
Hebrew | יוגב (husbandman, yeoman), עובד אדמה (agriculturist, peasant), איש שדה, חואי (rancher), חקלאי (agrarian, agricultural, agriculturist, farming, husbandman, yeoman), אכר (peasant, tiller, yeoman). (various references) | |
Hungarian | földmûves (agrarian, peasant, ploughman, tiller). (various references) | |
Icelandic | stórbóndi (rancher), bóndi. (various references) | |
Indonesian | petani (cultivator, hind, peasant). (various references) | |
Irish | feirmeoir. (various references) | |
Italian | agricoltore (agrarian, agriculturist, husbandman), contadino (agrarian, boor, countryman, hans, pawn, peasant), mezzadro (metayer, sharecropper). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 百姓 (peasant). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ひゃくしょう (peasant), のうか (agricultural course or department, concentrate, farm family, thicken). (various references) | |
Korean | 농부. (various references) | |
Manx | eirinagh (agricultural, agriculturalist). (various references) | |
Maori | kaimahi-paamu. (various references) | |
Maya | kolnaal. (various references) | |
Norwegian | bonde (countryman, peasant). (various references) | |
Occitan | borièr (tenant). (various references) | |
Papago | oithkam. (various references) | |
Papiamen | kunukero, agrikultor (agrarian). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | armerfay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | fazendeiro, camponês (boor, chuff, cottager, countryman, landsman, peasant, rustic, ryot, yokel). (various references) | |
Romanian | fermier (husbandman, peasant), cultivator de pãmânt, arendaş (landholder, leaseholder, occupant, renter, tenant), agricultor (agriculturist, cultivator, husbandman, peasant, ploughman). (various references) | |
Romany | phoovyalò. (various references) | |
Russian | фермер (agriculturalist, rancher, sodbuster). (various references) | |
Scottish | tuathanach (peasant, rancher, rustic). (various references) | |
Sepedi | molemi. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | farmer, seljak (bucolic, bumpkin, hick, hodge, peasant, villager, villein), poljoprivrednik (agriculturist, husbandman). (various references) | |
Shona | murimi. (various references) | |
Sicilian | agriculturi. (various references) | |
Spanish | campesino (cottier, country person, countryman, peasant, rural), agricultor (agrarian, agriculturalist, agriculturist, husbandman), granjero (Granger, smallholder). (various references) | |
Swazi | um-limi. (various references) | |
Swedish | lantbrukare (agrarian), jordbrukare (agrarian), bonde (husbandman, pawn, peasant, ploughman), arrendator (leaseholder, lessee, sharecropper, tenant). (various references) | |
Tagalog | magsasaká. (various references) | |
Thai | ชาวนา (sodbuster). (various references) | |
Turkish | yetiştirici (cultivator, grower, producer), çiftlik sahibi (cowman, planter, rancher, ranchman), çiftçi (agricultural laborer, agricultural labourer, agriculturalist, agriculturist, bucolic, crofter, cultivator, hillbilly, husbandman, ploughman, plowman, yeoman). (various references) | |
Turkmen | kolhozзi (r) (collective farmer). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | фермер (agriculturist, bonder, cropper, husbandman, rancher, ranchman), орендар (co-tenant, holder, leaseholder, lessee, occupant, occupier, renter, tenant). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | người tá điền, người nông dân người chủ trại. (various references) | |
Welsh | ffarmwr, arddwr (plowman), amaethwr. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | agoris, agricola, agricolae, agricolam, agricolarum, agricolas, agricolis, coloni, colonis, colono, colonos, colonus, redemptor, redemptorem, rustico, rusticus. (various references) |
| Avestan | 200-600 | vâstryât. (various references) |
| Dutch | 700-Modern | boer. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Genesis Chapter 9, Verse 20 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Kai hrxato nwe anqrwpoV gewrgoV ghV kai efuteusen ampelwna |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Coepitque Noe vir agricola exercere terram et plantavit vineam |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | Noe ða yrðlinge began to wyrcenne ðæt land ond gesette him wingeard. |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And Noe, a man erthe tylyer, bigan to excersise the erthe, and he plauntid a vyne, and drynkynge wyn was drunkun, |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | And Noe beynge an husbad man went furth and planted a vyneyarde |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And Noah began to be an husbandman, and he planted a vineyard: |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And Noah began to be a husbandman, and he planted a vineyard: |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | In those days Noah became a farmer, and he made a vine-garden. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Genesis Chapter 9, Verse 20 |
| Cebuano | Ug misugod si Noe sa pag-uma sa yuta, ug mitanum siya ug usa ka parrasan: |
| Croatian | Noa, zemljoradnik, zasadio vinograd. |
| Danish | Noa var Agerdyrker og den første, der plantede en Vingård. |
| Dutch | En Noach begon een akkerman te zijn, en hij plantte een wijngaard. |
| Finnish | Ja Nooa oli peltomies ja ensimmäinen, joka istutti viinitarhan. |
| French | Noé commença à cultiver la terre, et planta de la vigne. |
| German | Noah aber fing an und ward ein Ackermann und pflanzte Weinberge. |
| Haitian Creole | Noe se premye moun ki travay latè. Li plante yon jaden rezen. |
| Hungarian | Noé pedig földmívelõ kezde lenni, és szõlõt ültete. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Nuh seorang petani, dan dialah yang pertama-tama membuat kebun anggur. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Arakian, maka Nuh mulai menjadi seorang peladang, ditanamnyalah pokok anggur satu kebun. |
| Korean | 노 아 가 농 업 을 시 작 하 여 포 도 나 무 를 심 었 더 니 |
| Maori | Na ka timata a Noa te ngaki whenua, a whakatokia ana e ia he mara waina: |
| Norwegian | Og Noah var jorddyrker, og han var den første som plantet en vingård. |
| Portuguese | E começou Noé a cultivar a terra e plantou uma vinha. |
| Rumanian | Noe a knceput sq fie lucrqtor de pqmknt, wi a sqdit o vie. |
| Russian | оПК ОБЮБМ ЧПЪДЕМЩЧБФШ ЪЕНМА Й ОБУБДЙМ ЧЙОПЗТБДОЙЛ; |
| Swedish | Och Noa var en åkerman och var den förste som planterade en vingård. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "farmer": farmerette, farmerettes, farmers. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "farmer": nonfarmer. (additional references) | |
Words containing "farmer": nonfarmers. (additional references) | |
| |
"Farmer" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: aformer, armer, Armero, Faerber, Fahrner, Fairmitre, famer, Faramarz, Faramea, farder, farem, Faremo, farje, Farmar, Farmary, Farme, farmef, farmerf, Farmery, farmi, farmore, farper, farrer, farver, Fatma, femer, Ferber, ferme, Fermee, fermer, Fermier, formeer, fraver, Parmer. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "farmer" (pronounced fÄ"rmer) |
| 4 | -Ä" r m er | armer, Armor, armour, charmer, Harmer. |
| 3 | -r m er | dormer, former, informer, performer, reformer, transformer, warmer. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: framer. | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-f-m-r-r" | |
-1 letter: armer, farer, frame, rearm. | |
-2 letters: fame, fare, farm, fear, frae, mare, rare, ream, rear. | |
-3 letters: are, arf, arm, ear, emf, era, err, far, fem, fer, mae, mar, ram, ref, rem. | |
-4 letters: ae, am, ar, ef, em, er, fa, ma, me, re. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-f-m-r-r" | |
+1 letter: farmers, firearm, forearm, framers, reframe. | |
+2 letters: aeriform, affirmer, airframe, ferryman, firearms, firmware, forearms, reaffirm, reformat, reframed, reframes. | |
+3 letters: affirmers, airframes, firmwares, forearmed, formatter, framework, nonfarmer, preformat, reaffirms, reformate, reformats, reframing, superfarm, terraform. | |
+4 letters: antireform, farmerette, farmworker, forearming, formalizer, formalwear, formatters, frameworks, freemartin, nonfarmers, permafrost, preformats, reaffirmed, reformable, reformates, salverform, superfarms, terraforms. | |
+5 letters: aftermarket, farmerettes, farmworkers, farthermost, ferrimagnet, ferromagnet, foraminifer, formalizers, formicaries, formularies, formularize, fragmentary, freemartins, freemasonry, imperforate, infirmaries, microflorae, performable, performance, permafrosts, prefreshman, reaffirming, reformation, reformative, reformatory, reformatted, reformulate, refrainment, retransform, tamperproof, terraformed, transformed, transformer, wharfmaster. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Familiar 10. Quotations: Fiction 11. Quotations: Non-fiction 12. Quotations: Speeches | 13. Usage Frequency 14. Names: Frequency 15. Names: Company Usage 16. Cities | 17. Expressions 18. Expressions: Internet 19. Translations: Modern 20. Translations: Ancient | 21. Bible Trace 22. Derivations 23. Rhymes 24. Anagrams | 25. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
