Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Expired |
ExpiredAdjective1. Having come to an end or become void after passage of a period of time; "an expired passport"; "caught driving with an expired license". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "expired" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Please note: Wikipedia does not give legal advice.Internationally, the public domain is the body of creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest (typically a government-granted monopoly such as a copyright or patent). Such works and inventions are considered part of the public's cultural heritage, and anyone can use and build upon them without restriction (not taking into account laws concerning safety, export, etc).
While copyright was created to protect the financial incentive of those doing creative work as a means to encourage more creative work, works in the public domain just exist as such, and the public have the right to use and reuse the creative work of others without financial or social burden.
Without some kind of grant of monopoly rights—so-called "intellectual property rights"—all works belong to the public domain. When copyright or other protections reach the end of their life, works are said to revert to the public domain.
The abbreviation of Public Domain is PD.
Absence of legal protection
Creative works are in the public domain wherever no law exists to establish proprietary rights, or where the subject matter is specifically excluded from existing laws. For example, most mathematical formulas are not subject to copyrights or patents in most of the world (although their application in the form of computer programs can be patented). Likewise, works that were created long before such laws were passed are part of the public domain, such as the works of William Shakespeare and Ludwig van Beethoven and the inventions of Archimedes.
Expiration
Most copyrights and patents have a finite term; when it expires, the work or invention falls into the public domain. In most of the world, patents expire 20 years after they are filed (17 years in the United States). Trademarks expire soon after the mark becomes a generic term. Copyrights are more complex; generally, they expire in all countries except Guatemala, Mexico, Samoa and Colombia when all of the following conditions are satisfied:
These conditions are based on the intersection of United States and European Union copyright law, which most other Berne Convention signatories recognize. Note that copyright term extension under U.S. tradition does not restore copyright to PD works (hence the 1923 date), but European tradition does because the EU harmonization was based on the copyright term in Germany, which had already been extended to life plus 70. Note further that works created by a United States government agency fall into PD at the moment of creation.
- The work was created and first published before January 1, 1923, or at least 95 years before January 1 of the current year, whichever is later.
- The last surviving author died at least 70 years before January 1 of the current year.
- No Berne Convention signatory has passed a perpetual copyright on the work.
- Neither the United States nor the European Union has passed a copyright term extension since these conditions were last updated. (This must be a condition because the exact numbers in the other conditions depend on the state of the law at any given moment.)
The situation with respect to British government works is a little more complex, but still relatively easy to understand. British government works are protected by either Crown Copyright or Parliamentary Copyright. Published Crown Copyright works become public domain at the end of the year 50 years after they were published, unless the author of the work held copyright and assigned it to the Crown. In that case, the copyright term is the usual life of author plus 70 years. Unpublished Crown Copyright documents become public domain at the end of the year 125 years after they were first created. Parliamentary Copyright documents become public domain at the end of the year 50 years after they were published. Crown Copyright is waived on some government works provided that certain conditions are met.
These numbers reflect the most recent extensions of copyright in the United States and Europe. Canada and Australia have not at present passed similar twenty-year extensions, meaning that copyrights expire in both places after 75 years or 50 years (instead of 95 or 70, respectively). As a result, works ranging from Peter Pan to the stories of H. P. Lovecraft are public domain in both places. (The copyright status of Lovecraft's work is debatable, as no copyright renewals, which were necessary under the laws of that time, have been found. Also, two competing parties have independently claimed copyright ownership on his work.)
Examples of inventions whose patents have expired include the inventions of Thomas Edison. Examples of works whose copyrights have expired include the works of Carlo Collodi and most of the works of Mark Twain. Examples of works under a statutory perpetual copyright include many of the Peter Pan works by J. M. Barrie. Note that works of The Walt Disney Company are not under statutory perpetual copyright on paper because the United States Constitution requires copyrights to last "for limited Times" (Article I, section 8, clause 8), but Disney and other large publishers routinely provide millions of U.S. dollars in campaign money to legislators, allegedly in exchange for copyright term extensions.
Disclaimer of interest
An author or inventor can explicitly disclaim any proprietary interest in the work, granting it to the public domain. Because copyright applies by default to all works, authors must do this explicitly. On the other hand, publishing the details of an invention before applying for a patent may place an invention in the public domain. For example, once a journal publishes a mathematical formula, it may no longer be used as the core of a claim in a software patent. There is an exception to this, however: in US (not European) law, an inventor may file a patent claim up to one year after publishing it (but not, of course, if someone else published it first).
Ineligibility
Laws may make some types of works and inventions ineligible for monopoly; such works immediately enter the public domain upon publication. For example, US copyright law, 17 U.S.C. § 105, releases all works created by the US government into the public domain, patent applications as part of the terms of granting the patent to the invention are public domain, patent law excludes inventions that obviously follow from prior art, and agreements that Germany signed at the end of World War I released such trademarks as "aspirin" and "heroin" into the public domain in many areas.
Licensing
Note that there are many works that are not part of the public domain, but for which the owner of some proprietary rights has chosen not to enforce those rights, or to grant some subset of those rights to the public. See, for example, the Free Software Foundation which creates copyrighted software and licenses it without charge to the public for most uses under a class of license called "copyleft", forbidding only proprietary redistribution. See also Wikipedia, which does much the same thing with its content under the GNU Free Documentation License. Sometimes such work is mistakenly referred to as "public domain" in colloquial speech.
Note also that while some works (especially musical works) may be in the public domain, U.S. law considers transcriptions or performances of those works to be derivative works, potentially subject to their own copyrights. For more details (or for public domain transcriptions of public domain works), visit Mutopia at http://sca.uwaterloo.ca/Mutopia/
The role in the society
"Public access to literature, art, music, and film is esssential to preserving and building on our cultural heritage. Many of the most important works of American culture have drawn upon the creative potential of the public domain. Frank Capra's It's a Wonderful Life is a classic example of a film that did not enjoy popular success until it entered the public domain. Other icons such as Snow White, Pinocchio, Santa Claus, and Uncle Sam grew out of public domain figures." ([1])
See also
- Wikipedia:Public domain resources
- Wikipedia:Public domain image resources
- Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act
- Eldred v. Ashcroft
- Street Performer Protocol
- Copyright-free and copyleft.
- Crown copyright
- Fair use
- Fair dealing
External Links
- Chris Sprigman's article THE MOUSE THAT ATE THE PUBLIC DOMAIN: Disney, The Copyright Term Extension Act, And Eldred v. Ashcroft
- Copyright Research and Information center - about the copyright law in Japan
- http://www.public-domain.org
- When U.S. works pass into the public domain.
- Short list of uncopyrightable things in the US
- [1] for a summary list of copyright terms in other countries.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Public domain."
| Antonym: unexpired (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Illegality | Expired, invalid; unchartered,expired, invalid; unchartered, unconstitutional; null and void; a dead letter. |
The Past | Verb: be past; Adjective: have expired; Adjective:, have run its course, have had its day; pass; pass by, go by, pass away, go away, pass off, go off; lapse, blow over. |
Adjective: past, gone, gone by, over, passed away, bygone, foregone; elapsed, lapsed, preterlapsed, expired, no more, run out, blown over, has-been, that has been, extinct, antediluvian, antebellum, never to return, gone with the wind, exploded, forgotten, irrecoverable; obsolete; (old). | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Expired |
| English words defined with "expired": breathalyser, breathalyzer ♦ Elegit, Estate of sufferance, expire ♦ respiratory quotient, run out. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "expired": ad clerk ♦ Capnography, card processing clerk, CLASSIFIED-AD CLERK I, CLASSIFIED-AD CLERK II, classified-copy-control clerk, closed year, Cottonseed Oil Assistance Program, CREDIT CARD CONTROL CLERK ♦ Death from Strange Causes, Douglas bag ♦ ERV, Expiratory Reserve Volume ♦ forced expiratory flow between 200 and 1200 ml of the forced vital capacity,forced expiratory flow 200-1200,FEF200-1200,maximal expiratory flow rate 200-1200,MEFR200-1200, forecast amendment ♦ Home Owners' Loan Corporation ♦ Larynx, Artificial ♦ Maximal Expiratory Flow Rate ♦ Pulmonary Ventilation, PULMONARY-FUNCTION TECHNICIAN, pulmonary-function technologis ♦ SON, Sunflower Oil Assistance Program, Super 301 ♦ tidal volume ♦ V T T, VE ♦ Ysolde. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "expired": Expire. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Nickel off on expired baby food (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) It is expired and gone to meet it's maker (And Now For Something Completely Different; writing credit: Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, Michael Palin) But they were out of tomato paste, and by the time they got more in, my coupon had expired. And now I have venereal disease (Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman; writing credit: Jerry Adelman; Daniel Gregory Browne) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Time Expired (1992) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
Theater & Movies | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit |  | Swaps out expired FMU-139 A/B fuses from Mark-82 bombs. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The rights of priority, provided by Article 4 of the International Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of Paris, of March 20, 1883, revised at Washington in 1911 or by any other Convention or Statute, for the filing or registration of applications for patents or models of utility, and for the registration of trade marks, designs and models which had not expired on August 1, 1914, and those which have arisen during the war, or would have arisen but for the war, shall be extended by each of the High Contracting Parties in favour of all nationals of the other High Contracting Parties for a period of six months after the coming into force of the present Treaty. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | He had expired. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Animals with expired vaccinations need to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. (references) | |
This increase is the result of the weakened airways collapsing before all the normally expired air can leave the lungs. (references) | ||
Business | The former regime expired on December 31, 1999 and given the existing difficulties, it had been rather difficult to agree on a new regime. (references) | |
The monopoly of the country’s operator expired on January 1, 2001. Fair and transparent market conditions are guaranteed by the Independent Regulator. (references) | ||
Unused import facilities will be revived and expired import facilities will be extended for another year. Further, import facilities will also be granted to companies which increase their production capacity. (references) | ||
Children | New Zealand | The Human Rights Amendment Act passed in 1999 introduced a new standard for government compliance to replace the exemption for government that expired during the year. (references) |
Civil Liberties | Tajikistan | Some persons active with the Tajik opposition, whose travel documents expired, at times have had difficulty obtaining new documents permitting them to return. (references) |
Nigeria | During the year, the NBC also prevented the commissioning of the Here and There television station in Oyo State, ruling that the original license had expired. (references) | |
Economic History | Sri Lanka | The warrant of the Commission expired in 1999. (references) |
Sri Lanka | The term of the Commission expired in December 1999. (references) | |
Mauritius | Assuming the foreign patent has not expired, patents are granted to the inventor only. (references) | |
Human Rights | El Salvador | That measure expired in February. (references) |
Ghana | One-third remain in prison even after the warrants committing them to prison had expired. (references) | |
El Salvador | The appeals court upheld a lower court's December 2000 decision that the statute of limitations had expired. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Australia | The mandate of the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation, created by Parliament in 1991, expired in 2000. The Council's final report was released in December 2000, and it included recommendations that the federal and state governments set performance benchmarks and timelines for overcoming Aboriginal disadvantage and enact legislation to further the principles of legislation; that Parliament prepare legislation providing for a referendum on deleting a constitutional amendment on racial criteria for voting; and that the Constitution be amended to make racial discrimination unlawful. (references) |
Minorities | Fiji | A number of agricultural landlord and tenant agreement leases have expired, and many more will expire in the next few years. (references) |
Bulgaria | The statement accused missionaries of the Evangelical Baptist Church of being "agents of foreign influence" and of distributing expired and second-rate goods through its charitable aid program. (references) | |
Political Economy | Ecuador | The military's right to receive royalties from oil exports expired at the end of the year. (references) |
SPAIN | With this law, Spain's pharmaceutical process patent protection regime expired and product protection took effect. (references) | |
El Salvador | An appeals court affirmed that the statute of limitations had expired in the 1989 murder case of six Jesuit priests. (references) | |
Political Rights | Bangladesh | Sheikh Hasina, leader of the Awami League, was Prime Minister until Parliament's term of office expired in July. (references) |
Central African Republic | President Patasse's first term of office expired in 1999, but he constitutionally was eligible to seek a second consecutive term. (references) | |
Hong Kong | In December 1999, the Legislative Council passed a controversial bill abolishing the Municipal Councils when their terms expired at the end of the year. (references) | |
Trade | Vietnam | Though the restrictions imposed by the IMF have expired, the Vietnamese are continuing to follow them. (references) |
Zimbabwe | Zimbabwe also has bilateral trade arrangements with Namibia and Botswana, and hopes to renew and expand its expired agreement with South Africa. (references) | |
Vietnam | The restrictions that formally expired at the end of 1998 applied to all new, non-concessional borrowing by state-owned enterprises and Vietnamese banks. (references) | |
Travel | Egypt | To renew a visa, or to leave the country after a visa has expired, an American woman married to an Egyptian may need to present proof of the husband's consent. (references) |
Women | Austria | In January 1998, legislation went into effect that required collective bargaining units to take action by the end of the year to eliminate restrictions on nighttime work for women, and on December 31, the legislation banning nighttime work for women expired. (references) |
Worker Rights | East Timor | Disputes usually centered on demands for higher salaries or severance pay for jobs in which short-term contracts have expired. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | The time limited for receiving subscriptions to the loans proposed by the act making provision for the debt of the United States having expired, statements from the proper department will as soon as possible apprise you of the exact result. |
John Adams | 1797-1801 | At the same time that measures might be pursued with this view, our treaties with Prussia and Sweden, one of which is expired and the other near expiring, might be renewed. |
John Quincy Adams | 1825-1829 | That period having already expired, the state of mutual interdiction has again taken place. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | Amongst other acts of questionable validity, the notes of the expired corporation are known to have been used as its own and again put in circulation. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Expired" is generally used as a lexical verb (past participle) -- approximately 51.85% of the time. "Expired" is used about 270 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Lexical Verb (past participle) | 51.85% | 140 | 26,789 |
| Lexical Verb (past tense) | 40% | 108 | 31,306 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 7.78% | 21 | 76,261 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.37% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 270 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expression using "expired": expired credit. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "expired": life-expired, time-expired. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "expired"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Bulgarian | просрочен (back, overdue). (various references) | |
Chinese | 到期 (Expire, Expiring). (various references) | |
Czech | prošlý (out of date, outdated). (various references) | |
Danish | udloebet billet (expired ticket, out of date ticket), foraeldet billet (expired ticket, out of date ticket). (various references) | |
Dutch | zuurstoffractie in de uitgeademde lucht (FEO 2, fractional concentration of expired oxygen), vervallen octrooi (expired patent), verlopen plaatsbewijs (expired ticket, out of date ticket). (various references) | |
Finnish | umpeenkulunut. (various references) | |
French | expirées, expiré, expirâmes, expira, périmé, échu. (various references) | |
German | abgelaufen (lapsed, out of date, threadbare, up, well worn). (various references) | |
Greek | εισιτήριο που έχει λήξει (expired ticket, out of date ticket), εισιτήριο χωρίς ισχύ (expired ticket, out of date ticket). (various references) | |
Indonesian | kadaluarsa (statute-barred), daluwarsa (expiration date, overdue). (various references) | |
Italian | scaduto (due, obsolete, out of date, overdue, payable). (various references) | |
Korean | 만료되". (various references) | |
Pig Latin | expireday.(various references) | |
Portuguese | expirado, caduco (caducous, decayed, decrepit, dilapidated, effete, fugacious, impoverished, lapsed, rickety). (various references) | |
Russian | истекать просроченный. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | zastareo (anachronistic, antiquated, moss-grown, obsolete, old fashioned, out of date, outdated, superannuated), kome je istekao rok, izdahnut (expiatory). (various references) | |
Spanish | muerto (casualty, dead, dead man, deceased, died, doornail, dull, dummy, fatality, late, lifeless, lost, quiescent), caducado (lapsed, void). (various references) | |
Swedish | tilländalupen. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Avestan | 200-600 | irista. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Mark Chapter 15, Verse 37 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | O de ihsouV afeiV fwnhn megalhn exepneusen |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Iesus autem emissa voce magna exspiravit |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | Se hælend þa asende his stefne & forð-ferde. |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And Jhesus yaf out a greet cry, and diede. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | But Iesus cryed with aloude voyce and gave vp the gooste. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And Jesus cried with a loud voice, and gave up the ghost. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And Jesus cried with a loud voice, and expired. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And Jesus gave a loud cry, and gave up his spirit. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Mark Chapter 15, Verse 37 |
| Cebuano | Ug si Jesus, sa nakatuwaw siya sa makusog nga tingog, nabugtoan sa ginhawa. |
| Croatian | A Isus zavapi jakim glasom i izdahnu. |
| Danish | Men Jesus råbte med høj Røst og udåndede. |
| Dutch | En Jezus, een grote stem van Zich gegeven hebbende, gaf den geest. |
| Finnish | Ja temppelin esirippu repesi kahtia ylhäältä alas asti. |
| French | Mais Jésus, ayant poussé un grand cri, expira. |
| Gaelic | Agus Iosa ag eigheach le guth ard, thug e suas an anail. |
| German | Aber Jesus schrie laut und verschied. |
| Haitian Creole | Men Jezi bay yon gwo rèl, epi li mouri. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Lalu Yesus berteriak, dan meninggal. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Tetapi berserulah Yesus dengan suara besar, lalu putuslah nyawa-Nya. |
| Latvian | Bet Jçzus, stiprâ balsî iesaucies, atdeva savu Garu. |
| Maori | Na he nui te reo i puaki i a Ihu, a hemo ake. |
| Norwegian | Men Jesus ropte med høi røst og utåndet. |
| Portuguese | Mas Jesus, dando um grande brado, expirou. |
| Rumanian | Dar Isus a scos un strigqt tare, wi Wi -a dat duhul. |
| Shuar | Nuinkia Jesus kakaram untsumak jakamiayi. |
| Swahili | Yesu akapaaza sauti kubwa, akakata roho. |
| Swedish | Men Jesus ropade med hög röst och gav upp andan. |
| Uma | Ngkai ree, kame'au-nami Yesus napesukui, pai' modupe' -mi inoha' -na. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words ending with "expired": unexpired. (additional references) | |
| |
"Expired" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: exire, exoire, Expamet, expiered, expiery, expir, expirte, expre, exprix. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "expired" (pronounced ikspī"rd) |
| 5 | -s p ī" r d | aspired. |
| 3 | -ī" r d | attired, mired, reacquired, retired. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "d-e-e-i-p-r-x" | |
-1 letter: expire, perdie. | |
-2 letters: dexie, eider, preed, pride, pried, redip, riped. | |
-3 letters: deep, deer, dere, dire, dree, drip, eide, ired, peed, peer, peri, pied, pier, pree, prex, rede, reed, ride, ripe. | |
-4 letters: dee, dex, die, dip, ere, ire, ped, pee, per, pie, pix, red, ree, rei, rep, rex, rid, rip. | |
-5 letters: de, ed, er, ex, id. | |
| Words containing the letters "d-e-e-i-p-r-x" | |
+1 letter: diplexer, peroxide, prefixed, premixed. | |
+2 letters: diplexers, expediter, expeditor, peroxided, peroxides, priedieux, unexpired. | |
+3 letters: expediters, expeditors, expertized, extirpated, peroxidase, preexisted, superoxide. | |
+4 letters: expatriated, expenditure, experienced, peroxidases, superoxides. | |
+5 letters: endoperoxide, expenditures, experimented, expropriated, extemporised, extemporized, hyperexcited. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Quotations: Historic 8. Quotations: Fiction | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Quotations: Speeches 11. Usage Frequency 12. Expressions | 13. Expressions: Internet 14. Translations: Modern 15. Translations: Ancient 16. Bible Trace | 17. Derivations 18. Rhymes 19. Anagrams 20. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
