Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Excrement |
ExcrementNoun1. Waste matter (as urine or sweat but especially feces) discharged from the body. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "excrement" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1380. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Multilingual Slang | Dutch (stront, de), Swiss German (schyss, stink ). (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Feces (also spelt faeces) is the excrement from the digestive tract expelled from the anus of animals by defecation. It consists of water, undigested food residues, digestive secretions, and bacteria. The reddish-brown color of human feces is derived from stercobilin, created by bacterial action on bilirubin and subsequent oxidation.The word feces comes from the Latin word faex which means "dregs".
Feces are also known as scat and scatology is the study of feces.
Feces are generally a taboo subject (see toilet humour). This is probably because of the need to keep feces well away from food, for health reasons.
Coprophilia is a sexual attraction to feces. Coprophagia is the extremely hazardous practice of eating feces.
Meconium (also spelled merconium) is a newborn baby's first feces, and is normally passed post-partum. There is a danger that aspiration (inhalation) of meconium can occur if it is passed during labor and delivery. Inhaled meconium can cause a partial or complete blockage of the newborn's airways, and the severity depends on the amount of meconium the baby aspirates. Meconium aspiration affects around 20 percent of all newborn babies worldwide.
Laboratory testing of feces
In the medical profession, feces are referred to as stools. This comes from the Anglo-Saxon word stol, which means "seat". The word stool was originally used to describe the seat one sat on to go to the bathroom. So, the expression was that they were "going to stool." By the end of the 16th century, the word stool was used to mean the same thing as feces.Feces will usually be required for microbiological testing, looking for an intestinal pathogen.
Biochemical tests done on feces include fecal elastase and fecal fat measurements, as well as tests for fecal occult blood.
It is recommended that the clinician correlates the symptoms and submit specimens according to laboratory guidelines to obtain results that are clinically significant. Formed stools often do not give satisfactory results and suggest little of actual pathologic conditions.
Three main types of microbiological tests are commonly done on feces:
Routine culture involves streaking the sample onto agar plates containing special additives, such as MacConkey's Agar, that will inhibit the growth of Gram positive organisms and will selectively allow enteric pathogens to grow, and incubating them for a period, and observing the bacterial colonies that have grown.
- Antibody-antigen type tests, that look for a specific virus (e.g. rotavirus).
- Microscopic examination for intestinal parasites and their ova (eggs).
- Routine culture.
Yellowing of feces can be caused by an infection known as giardia. Giardia are tiny parasitic organisms. If giardia infects the intestines it can cause severe yellow diarrhea. This is a dangerous communicable infection and must be reported.
Another cause of yellowing is a condition known as Gilbert's Syndrome. This condition is characterized by jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia. Hyperbilirubinemia occurs when too much bilirubin is present in the circulating blood.
Feces can be black if dried blood is present in it from a bleed. More active bleeding can lead feces to be red in color.
In children with certain illnesses, Feces can be blue or green. Babies also produce green feces when they are given food for the first time.
The main pathogens that are commonly looked for in feces include:
See also:
- Salmonella and Shigella
- Yersinia (this tends to be incubated at 30°C, which is cooler than usual.)
- Campylobacter (incubated at 42°C, in a special environment.)
- Aeromonas
- Candida (if the person is immunosupressed e.g. cancer treatment.)
- E. coli O157 (if blood is visible in the stool sample.)
- Intestinal parasite
External links and references
- Urobilinogen
- Liver biochemistry
- History of Shit by Dominique Laporte (ISBN 0262621606)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Feces."
Synonyms: ExcrementSynonyms: body waste (n), excreta (n), excretion (n), excretory product (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Excretion | Noun: excretion, discharge, emanation; exhalation, exudation, extrusion, secretion, effusion, extravasation, ecchymosis; evacuation, dejection, faeces, excrement, stools, crap; bloody flux; cacation; coeliac-flux, coeliac-passion; dysentery; perspiration, sweat; subation, exudation; diaphoresis; sewage; eccrinology. |
Uncleanness | Spawn, offal, gurry; lientery; garbage, carrion; excreta; slough, peccant humor, pus, matter, suppuration, lienteria; faeces, feces, excrement, ordure, dung, crap, sewage, sewerage; muck; coprolite; guano, manure, compost. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Excrement |
| English words defined with "excrement": cat box, Coprolite ♦ diaper ♦ Excremental, Excrementitious, Excrementive, Excrementize ♦ Flyspeck ♦ guano ♦ House fly ♦ Indol ♦ Moate ♦ napkin, nappy, Night soil ♦ Recrement ♦ scatological, scatology, scatophagy, Scumber, Scummer, Shearn, Stercorate, Stercory ♦ Tortoise beetle. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "excrement": DILBERRIES, down take pipe, draft tube ♦ FARTLEBERRIES, frass ♦ pail closet, PILGRIM'S SALVE ♦ range closet ♦ SIR REVERENCE, soil stack ♦ TANTADLIN TART. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "excrement": shyster. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | You people are all alike, You march in here, try and touch the local things, I suppose next you'll be spraying me with one of those cans of paint, Smearing poor Tubbs here with excrement. (The League of Gentlemen; writing credit: Jeremy Dyson; Mark Gatiss) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Flies can transmit food-borne diseases such as cholera, typhoid, paratyphoid, salmonellosis and dysentery, as well as myiasis, trachoma, and yaws. They breed in organic wastes, refuse and animal excrement. Credit: CDC. |  | Astronaut's feet about to step on excrement on the moon. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | Thick among the tufts of rank stiff growth lay battered canisters and clots and coils of solid excrement. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Human infection with arenaviruses is incidental to the natural cycle of the viruses and occurs when an individual comes into contact with the excretions or materials contaminated with the excretions of an infected rodent, such as ingestion of contaminated food, or by direct contact of abraded or broken skin with rodent excrement. (references) | |
Children | Bulgaria | For example, as punishment, women were held in a cage made of iron bars and wire; the NGO observers noted that the cage floor was dirty with human excrement. (references) |
Human Rights | Cote d'Ivoire | They frequently forced detainees to perform degrading and humiliating tasks, such as crawling, eating dirt, doing push-ups while under threat of physical harm, drinking urine or blood, and eating excrement. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Rod Steiger | Well, I'll put it as politely as I can. It's like being in a bowl of yellow Jell-O made out of excrement and you're in the middle of it and it's shimmering all around you. And nothing comes in and nothing goes out and you don't care. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Excrement" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Excrement" is used about 105 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 105 | 31,781 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "excrement": excrement-ridden. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
excrement | 31 |
excrement human | 3 |
canine disposal excrement | 3 |
excrement sex | 3 |
excrement green | 2 |
excrement girl | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "excrement"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | akka (dung). (various references) | |
Albanian | sekretim (excretion, secretion), jashtëqitje (defecation, dejection, excreta, faeces, ordure). (various references) | |
Arabic | غائط (dejection, dirt, evacuation, movement, turd), براز (dejecta, faeces, motion, stool). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | екскременти (evacuations, motions, movement), изпражнения (dejecta, dirt, evacuations, faeces, matter, ordure, rejectamenta, slops, soil, stools, waste). (various references) | |
Chinese | 大便 (feces, to defecate), 屎. (various references) | |
Czech | exkrement (dirt), výmìšek, výkal. (various references) | |
Danish | exkrement, ekskrement, lort (dung). (various references) | |
Dutch | ontlasting (dung), keutel (dung), drol (dung), drek (dirt, dung, mud, slime). (various references) | |
Esperanto | feko (dung), fekaĵo (dung). (various references) | |
Farsi | فضله , پس مانده (Leftover, Remainder, Residue, Scum), مدفوع (Excretion, Stool), نجاست , زواءد. (various references) | |
Finnish | ulosteet (faeces, stools), lanta (droppings, dung, manure). (various references) | |
French | excrément. (various references) | |
German | kot (dirt, feces, filth, mire, muck, mud, ordure), exkrement. (various references) | |
Greek | κόπρανα (stool), περίττωμα. (various references) | |
Hebrew | זבל (compost, dung, garbage, manure, ordure, rubbish, trash), חר" (dung), "ומן (dung), 'לל (because of, dung, for the sake of, ordure, turd), צוא" (dung, faeces, filth, ordure, stool, turd), צפיע (dung), צא" (dung). (various references) | |
Hungarian | trágya (chip, dung, fertilizer, manure, muck, ordure). (various references) | |
Indonesian | kotoran badan, berak (excrete, faeces, movement). (various references) | |
Italian | escremento (faeces, ordure). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 糞 (centimeter, droppings, feces), 大便 (feces). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | くそ (feces), ふ" (decapitate, droppings, minute), いべ" (act for another, feces, pay by proxy, speak for another). (various references) | |
Korean | 배설물 (Excretion). (various references) | |
Manx | keck (crap, droppings, dung, faeces, ordure), eoylley (faeces, fertilizer, manure), cugh (dung). (various references) | |
Papiamen | pupu (defecate, dung). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | excrementay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | excremento (ordure, rejectamenta). (various references) | |
Romanian | excremente (excrements, faeces, ordure), scârnã (dung, faeces). (various references) | |
Russian | экскременты (rejectamenta), фекалии (faeces), кал (faeces), испражнения (dejecta, excreta, poo), испражнение (defecation, evacuation, faeces, feces). (various references) | |
Scottish | cac. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | izmet (faeces, feces, raff), govno. (various references) | |
Spanish | excremento (dung, excreta). (various references) | |
Sranan | kunkun (defecate, dung), kaka (defecate, dung, rooster). (various references) | |
Swahili | choo (dung, latrine). (various references) | |
Swedish | träck (dung). (various references) | |
Turkish | bok (crap, dung, faecal matter, faeces, turd). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | поросль. (various references) | |
Yucatec | ta' (dung). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Sumerian | 3100 BCE-2500 BCE | e. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | fimo, fimum, fimus, merda. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Ezekiel Chapter 4, Verse 12 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Kai egkrufian kriqinon fagesai auta en bolbitoiV koprou anqrwpinhV egkruyeiV auta kat' ofqalmouV autwn |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Et quasi subcinericium hordiacium comedes illud et stercore quod egredietur de homine operies illud in oculis eorum |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And thou shalt ete it as a barly loof bakyn vndir asshen; and thou shalt hille it with a toord that goth out of a man, in the eyen, or siyt, of hem. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And thou shalt eat it as barley cakes, and thou shalt bake it with dung that cometh out of man, in their sight. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And thou shalt eat it as barley cakes, and thou shalt bake it with human excrement in their sight. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And let your food be barley cakes, cooking it before their eyes with the waste which comes out of a man. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Ezekiel Chapter 4, Verse 12 |
| Cebuano | Ug magakaon ka niana ingon sa mga tinapay nga cebada, ug lutoon mo kana sa atubangan sa ilang mga mata uban sa kinalibang nga magagula gikan sa tawo. |
| Croatian | A jest æeš pogaèu od jeèma što æeš je pred njima ispeæi na ljudskim izmetinama." |
| Danish | Og som Bygkager skal du spise det og bage det ved Menneskeskarn i deres Påsyn. |
| Dutch | En gij zult een gerstekoek eten, en dien zult gij met drek van des mensen afgang bakken voor hun ogen. |
| Finnish | Ja ohrakaltiaisena on sinun se syötävä, ja ihmisulostuksella on sinun se paistettava heidän silmäinsä edessä." |
| French | Tu mangeras des gâteaux d`orge, que tu feras cuire en leur présence avec des excréments humains. |
| German | Gerstenkuchen sollst du essen, die du vor ihren Augen auf Menschenmist backen sollst. |
| Haitian Creole | W'a pran okabennen moun, w'a fè dife pou kwit pen pou ou manje a devan tout moun. |
| Hungarian | És ételedet árpa-lepény formájában egyed, és emberi ganéj tõzegénél süssed azt szemök láttára. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Buatlah api dengan kotoran manusia sebagai bahan bakarnya. Pangganglah rotimu di atas api itu dan makanlah roti itu di hadapan semua orang." |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Dan lagi hendaklah engkau makan sebuah apam syeir dan membakar dia di hadapan mata mereka itu dengan tahi yang sudah keluar dari pada manusia. |
| Italian | Mangerai questo cibo in forma di una schiacciata d'orzo, che cuocerai sopra escrementi umani davanti ai loro occhi. |
| Maori | A me kai e koe te kai ano he keke parei, a me tunu taua mea i ta ratou tirohanga ki te paru e puta mai ana i te tangata. |
| Norwegian | Som en byggkake skal du ete det, med menneskeskarn skal du steke det for deres øine. |
| Portuguese | Tu a comerás como bolos de cevada, e vista deles a assarás sobre o excremento humano. |
| Rumanian | Hrana s`o mqnknci ca turte de orz, pe cari le vei coace kn faya lor cu balegq de om.`` |
| Spanish | Comerás tortas de cebada; las cocerás sobre excremento humano, ante la vista de ellos. |
| Swedish | Tillredd såsom kornkakor skall maten ätas av dig, och du skall tillreda den inför deras ögon på bränsle av människoträck. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "excrement": excremental, excrementitious, excrements. (additional references) | |
| |
"Excrement" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: excerlent, excreament, excreme, excrementory, exrement. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "excrement" (pronounced e"kskrumunt) |
| 7 | -k r u m u n t | increment, sacrament. |
| 6 | -r u m u n t | detriment, experiment, instrument, temperament. |
| 5 | -u m u n t | argument, armament, accompaniment, adamant, complement, condiment, impediment, implement, disarmament, element, filament, integument, ligament, ornament, orpiment, parliament, predicament, rearmament, regiment, rudiment, sediment, sentiment, supplement, tenement, testament, tournament, vehement. |
| 4 | -m u n t | aggrandizement, agreement, ailment, alignment, allotment, amazement, amendment, amusement, announcement, annulment, antigovernment, apartment, appeasement, appointment, apportionment, arraignment, arrangement, accomplishment, abandonment, abatement, accouterment, achievement, acknowledgement, acknowledgment, adjournment, adjustment, adornment, advancement, advertisement, advisement, assessment, assignment, assortment, astonishment, atonement, attachment, attainment, banishment, basement, battlement, bemusement, bereavement, betterment, bewilderment, blandishment, bombardment, claimant, Clement, commandment, commencement, commitment, compartment, comportment, concealment, confinement, consignment, containment, contentment, copayment, curtailment, impairment, impeachment, impoundment, impoverishment, impressment, imprisonment, improvement, debarment, debasement, deferment, department, deployment, deportment, derailment, detachment, determent, development, diminishment, disagreement, disappointment, disbarment, disbursement, discernment, discouragement, disenchantment, disenfranchisement, disengagement, disestablishment, disgruntlement, disillusionment, disinvestment, dismantlement, dismemberment, displacement, divestment, dormant, easement, embankment, embarrassment, embayment, embellishment, embezzlement, embodiment, emplacement, employment, empowerment, enactment, encampment, enchantment, encirclement, encouragement, encroachment, endangerment, endearment, endorsement, endowment, enforcement, engagement, enhancement, enjoyment, enlargement, enlightenment, enlistment, enrichment, enrollment, enslavement, entanglement, entertainment, enticement, entitlement, entombment, entrapment, entrenchment, environment, equipment, escapement, escarpment, establishment, estrangement, excitement, extinguishment, figment, formant, fragment, fulfillment, garment, garnishment, government, harassment, incitement, inclement, indictment, inducement, informant, infotainment, infringement, installment, internment, intersegment, investment, involvement, judgement, judgment, maltreatment, management, measurement, micromanagement, misgovernment, misjudgment, mismanagement, misstatement, mistreatment, moment, monument, movement, nongovernment, nonmanagement, nonpayment, nourishment, ointment, outplacement, overpayment, overstatement, parchment, pavement, payment, pigment, placement, postponement, postretirement, prejudgment, prepayment, presentment, procurement, pronouncement, punishment, puzzlement, readjustment, realignment, reappointment, reapportionment, rearrangement, reassessment, reassignment, recruitment, redeployment, redevelopment, reemployment, reenactment, refinement, refreshment, refurbishment, reimbursement, reinforcement, reinstatement, reinvestment, repayment, replacement, replenishment, requirement, resentment, resettlement, restatement, retirement, retrenchment, segment, settlement, shipment, statement, treatment, underdevelopment, underemployment, undergarment, underpayment, understatement, unemployment, wonderment. |
| 3 | -u n t | agent, ambient, ambivalent, ancient, antecedent, antidepressant, antioxidant, apparent, applicant, ardent, argent, arrant, arrogant, absent, absorbent, abstinent, abundant, accelerant, accident, aberrant, abhorrent, abortifacient, accountant, adherent, adjacent, adjutant, adolescent, afferent, affiant, affluent, ascendant, aspirant, assailant, assistant, astringent, attendant, belligerent, beneficent, benevolent, blatant, brilliant, buoyant, celebrant, clairvoyant, client, coefficient, cogent, cognizant, coherent, coincident, combatant, competent, complacent, complainant, complaisant, compliant, component, concomitant, concurrent, confident, confluent, consequent, consistent, consonant, constant, constituent, consultant, contaminant, contestant, continent, contingent, convalescent, convenient, convent, convergent, conversant, coolant, corespondent, cormorant, correspondent, Courant, covenant, Crescent, crosscurrent, current, ignorant, immanent, immigrant, imminent, impatient, impertinent, important, impotent, imprudent, inadvertent, incandescent, decadent, decedent, decent, declarant, decongestant, defendant, defiant, deficient, defoliant, delinquent, deodorant, dependent, depressant, descendant, descendent, despondent, detergent, determinant, deterrent, deviant, different, diligent, discordant, disinfectant, disobedient, dispersant, dissident, dissonant, distant, divalent, divergent, docent, dominant, ebullient, efferent, effervescent, efficient, effluent, elegant, elephant, eloquent, emergent, emigrant, eminent, entrant, equivalent, errant, esculent, evanescent, evident, excellent, exigent, existent, exorbitant, expectant, expectorant, expedient, exponent, extant, extravagant, exuberant, exultant, Fabricant, fervent, flagrant, flamboyant, flatulent, flippant, fluent, fluorescent, fragrant, fraudulent, frequent, gallant, giant, grandiloquent, grandparent, hesitant, hydrant, incessant, incident, incipient, incoherent, incompetent, inconsistent, incontinent, inconvenient, incumbent, indecent, independent, indifferent, indigent, indignant, indolent, indulgent, inefficient, infant, infrequent, ingredient, inhabitant, inhalant, inherent, innocent, inpatient, insignificant, insistent, insolent, insolvent, instant, insufficient, insurgent, intelligent, intercurrent, interdependent, intermittent, intolerant, intransigent, invariant, iridescent, irrelevant, irreverent, irritant, itinerant, jubilant, latent, leant, lenient, lieutenant, litigant, lubricant, lucent, luminescent, luxuriant, magnificent, malevolent, malignant, merchant, migrant, militant, miscreant, monovalent, mordant, mutant, nascent, negligent, noncombatant, nonexistent, nonresident, nonviolent, nutrient, obedient, observant, obsolescent, occupant, odorant, omnipotent, omnipresent, omniscient, operant, opponent, opulent, outpatient, overconfident, oxidant, pageant, parent, participant, patent, patient, peasant, penchant, pendant, penitent, pennant, percipient, permanent, persistent, pertinent, petulant, pheasant, piquant, pleasant, pliant, poignant, pollutant, potent, preadolescent, precedent, predominant, preeminent, pregnant, prescient, present, prevalent, proficient, prominent, propellant, proponent, protestant, provident, prudent, prurient, pungent, pursuant, quadrant, quiescent, quotient, radiant, rampant, reagent, recalcitrant, recent, recipient, recombinant, recurrent, redundant, refrigerant, Regent, registrant, relevant, reliant, reluctant, reminiscent, remnant, repellent, repentant, repugnant, resident, resilient, resistant, resonant, resplendent, respondent, resultant, resurgent, retardant, reticent, reverent, rodent, ruminant, salient, seafront, sealant, semipermanent, Sequent, sergeant, serpent, servant, significant, silent, solvent, somnolent, stagnant, stimulant, strident, stringent, student, subcontinent, subsequent, subservient, succulent, sufficient, supergiant, superintendent, supplicant, suppressant, surfactant, talent, tangent, tenant, tetravalent, tolerant, torrent, transcendent, transient, translucent, transparent, trenchant, trident, triumphant, truant, truculent, tumescent, turbulent, tyrant, undercurrent, unimportant, unpleasant, unrepentant, urgent, vacant, vagrant, valiant, variant, verdant, vibrant, vigilant, violent, virulent, warrant. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "c-e-e-e-m-n-r-t-x" | |
-1 letter: cementer, cerement. | |
-2 letters: excrete, externe, extreme. | |
-3 letters: cement, center, centre, cermet, entree, eterne, extern, meeter, recent, remeet, retene, teemer, teener, tenrec. | |
-4 letters: creme, emcee, emeer, enter, erect, exert, meter, metre, remet, remex, rente, retem, terce, terne, treen. | |
-5 letters: cent, cere, cete, erne, exec, meet, mere, mete, neem, next, rent, rete, teem, teen, term, tern, tree. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-e-e-e-m-n-r-t-x" | |
+1 letter: excrements. | |
+2 letters: excremental. | |
+5 letters: counterexample. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Images: Photo Album 6. Quotations: Fiction 7. Quotations: Non-fiction 8. Quotations: Spoken | 9. Usage Frequency 10. Expressions 11. Expressions: Internet 12. Translations: Modern | 13. Translations: Ancient 14. Bible Trace 15. Derivations 16. Rhymes | 17. Anagrams 18. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
