Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Eta |
EtaNoun1. The 7th letter of the Greek alphabet. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
| Domain | Definition |
Census | Designation for the (Employment and Training Administration), Department of Labor. (references) |
Economics | The expected date and time of arrival of a carrier. (references) |
Shipping | - Estimated Time of Availability. That time when a tractor/partner carrier is available for dispatch. - Estimated time of arrival. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This article concerns ETA, which stands for Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (Basque Country and Liberty), is a separatist armed group seeking an independent socialist Basque state.
The ETA group operates mainly in Spain and was founded in 1959. It uses terrorist tactics.
Their targeted independent Basque country (Euskal Herria) is situated in the Basque Country, or "Basque provinces", of Spain (Vizcaya, Guipuzcoa, Alava, and Navarre), as well as in the historical Basque-speaking areas of Northern Navarre, Lapurdi / Labourd and Zuberoa / Soule, located in southwestern France in the département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques.
Its symbol is a snake wrapped around an axe. Its motto is Bietan jarrai.
ETA employs bombings and assassinations, mainly aimed against non-nationalist politicians, journalists, intellectuals, businessmen and the Guardia Civil and other Spanish security forces, and has killed an estimated 800 people since the 1960s. Its theatre has been Spain, specially urban environments in the Spanish part of the Basque country, Madrid, Barcelona and the touristic Mediterranean coast of Spain.
ETA finances its operations through kidnapping, extortion, robbery, arms traffic and "taxes". It is listed as a terrorist organization by the United States and all EU countries.
Because of its allegiance to Marxist ideas, ETA has been sponsored by communist regimes such as Cuba, as well as by Libya and Lebanon, and some of its members have found political asylum in Mexico and Venezuela.
ETA has historically taken refuge in Southern France, especially the French Basque Country and Aquitanie. The French governments have passed from initial tolerance, conceding the status of political refugees, to active counterfighting, speeding the transfer of arrested members to Spanish tribunals.
ETA is part of the Basque National Liberation Movement.
Its political wing is Batasuna, formerly known as Euskal Herritarrok and "Herri Batasuna", which generally receives about 10% of the vote in the Basque areas of Spain. On August 26, 2002, a trial for declaring illegal Batasuna was started by the Spanish Congress (Parliament). On the other hand, Judge Baltasar Garzón suspended the activities of Batasuna in a parallel trial, investigating the relations of Batasuna and ETA. Its headquarters were shut down by police. The Supreme Court of Spain finally declared Batasuna illegal on March 18, 2003. The court considered proven that Batasuna had several links with ETA and that was, in fact, part of ETA. Batasuna was listed as a terrorist organization by the United States (May 2003) and all EU countries(June 2003).
History
It was founded by young nationalists unsatisfied by the PNV party. For ten years, they theorized and protested by destroying infrastructure and Spanish symbols and hanging forbidden Basque flags.In 1968, Xabi Etxebarrieta, a member of ETA, shot dead a policeman which halted his car for a road check. He was soon killed by the Spanish police. Then ETA planned their first murder, Melitón Manzanas, a police officer and suspected torturer.
The ETA ideology was influenced by the Algerian independence and the decolonization movement.
In 1973, ETA set a bomb in Madrid against the car of admiral Luis Carrero Blanco, appointed successor of Francisco Franco and prime minister of Spain. Many in the Spanish opposition welcomed this blow against the dictatorship.
ETA was divided in ETA military and ETA political-military.
After the democratization (1975-1978) of Spain, the majority of ETA (pm) accepted the amnesty and joined the democratic process in the Euskadiko Ezkerra ("Left Wing of the Basque Country") party. Dissenters joined ETA (m), which continued fighting Spain.
From 1986 to 1987 a government-supported, "counter-terrorist" illegal group, the GAL, killed or kidnapped several suspected ETA terrorists and some innocent people. After this date, no major cases of foul play on part of the Spanish government have been proven, although ETA supporters routinely claim human rights violations and torture by security forces.
ETA has failed in killing king Juan Carlos I of Spain in Majorca and right-wing leader José María Aznar in Madrid.
To fight ETA, the Spanish state issued an counter-terrorist law, relaying suspected terrorist to the specialized tribunal Audiencia Nacional in Madrid. Suspected terrorists are subject to a habeas corpus term longer than the rest of suspects. ETA prisoners are deliberately dispersed across Spain and France, some as far from their families as in the Salto del Negro prison in the Canary Islands. The governments justify this as a means to break the cohesion of the group.
The Colombian government accusses Irish and Basque citizens in Colombia of being IRA and ETA members teaching terrorist techniques to FLMN guerrilla.
Other armed organizations acting in the Basque Country were:
- Right wing
- ATE
- Batallón Vasco Español
- Left wing
- Iraultza
- Comandos Autónomos Anticapitalistas
- Iparretarrak
External links
- ETA according to Amnesty International
- Basta Ya Basque pacifist organization
- on GAL
- Films about ETA
- Ogro (1979), about the murder of Luis Carrero Blanco.
- Escape from Segovia (1981), ETA prisoners escape from the Segovia prison.
- Yoyes (2000), María Dolores Katarain a.k.a Yoyes tries to abandon ETA and is murdered by her former fellows.
- Asesinato en febrero (2001), about the families of Basque politician Fernando Buesa and his bodyguard, both killed by ETA.
ETA is also an acronym meaning 'estimated time of arrival'.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "ETA."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Eta (Η η) is the 7th letter of the Greek alphabet and has a numeric value of 8.The upper-case letter Η is used as a symbol for:
See also:
- In textual criticism, the Alexandrian text-type (from Hesychius, its once-supposed editor).
- Alpha - Beta - Gamma - Delta - Epsilon - Digamma - Zeta - Eta - Theta - Iota - Kappa - Lambda - Mu - Nu - Xi - Omicron - Pi - San - Qoppa - Rho - Sigma - Tau - Upsilon - Phi - Chi - Psi - Omega - Sampi
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Eta (letter)."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
ETA | English | Estimated time of arrival | N/A |
ETA | Finnish | Euroopan talousalue | Public Administration |
ETA | French | Association européenne des propriétaires de remorqueurs | International Organizations, Transportation |
ETA | German | Europäischer Transportausschuß | Transportation |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Crosswords: Eta |
| English words defined with "eta": Etacism ♦ Itacism. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "eta": Antigens, CD3 ♦ Central Sun, constant applicative form ♦ eta abstraction, eta conversion, eta expansion, Eta Model, eta reduction ♦ lambda lifting. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Eta" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Basque (and), Esperanto (tiny), Faeroese (eat, feed). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Movie/TV Titles | La ETA (1974) Eta vesyolaya planeta (1973) Uzh eta Nastya! Okh (1971) La Eta Knabino (1997) Zachem eta noch... Ah (1997) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Music |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | A NASA Hubble Space Telescope "natural color" image of the material surrounding the star Eta ... Credit: NASA. |  | Observations of a massive, unstable star called Eta Carinae, made with the Wide Field and ... Credit: NASA. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Civil Liberties | Spain | Various organizations, including Reporters Without Borders and the World Association of Newspapers, criticized ETA for its assaults on civil liberties. (references) |
Spain | There were many ETA attacks that caused only property damage; for example, on March 3, numerous hooded ETA supporters threw Molotov cocktails at the headquarters of the newspaper El Correo. (references) | |
Spain | In a March report, the Council of Europe's Human Rights Commissioner noted that violent youth groups, inspired or controlled by ETA, were a determining factor in maintaining a climate of terror in the region. (references) | |
Economic History | Spain | U.S. citizens and U.S. companies have not been ETA targets. (references) |
Spain | ETA in particular remains a serious threat but one that must be kept in perspective. (references) | |
Spain | Neither ETA nor GRAPO maintains the degree of operational capability they once enjoyed. (references) | |
Human Rights | Spain | ETA publicly claimed responsibility for its attacks. (references) |
Spain | As of July, more than 400 ETA terrorists were in prison. (references) | |
Spain | On July 10, an ETA car bomb killed a policeman in Madrid. (references) | |
Political Economy | Spain | The terrorist group ETA (Basque Fatherland and Liberty) continued its campaign of shootings and bombings, killing 15 persons during the year. (references) |
Spain | Judicial proceedings against members of ETA continued, and Spanish and French police arrested dozens of suspected ETA members and collaborators. (references) | |
Spain | ETA sympathizers also conducted a campaign of street violence and vandalism in the Basque region intended to intimidate politicians, academics, and journalists. (references) | |
Travel | Spain | In the past, two Spanish terrorist organizations, ETA and GRAPO, have sometimes bombed tourist facilities during the summer. (references) |
Spain | In September 1998, ETA declared a temporary cease-fire, halting its violent activities, but rescinded the cease-fire in late 1999. (references) | |
Australia | They are also available, in ETA form, via the internet (www.eta.immi.gov.au) and from participating U.S. travel agents and airlines when making travel arrangements. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Ethiopia | Security forces harassed members of the ETA and closed their offices; however, the ETA still is registered. (references) |
Ethiopia | In 1995 the leadership of the ETA filed with the ILO a freedom of association complaint against the Government. (references) | |
Ethiopia | The ETA formerly had a membership of 120,000; however, that number has decreased significantly due to government intimidation and restrictions on ETA activities. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Eta" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 65.63% of the time. "Eta" is used about 160 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (proper) | 65.63% | 105 | 31,781 |
| Noun (singular) | 33.75% | 54 | 46,184 |
| Noun (common) | 0.63% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 160 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name |
| Japan | Eta Electric Industry Co., Ltd. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "eta": eta abstraction ♦ eta conversion ♦ eta expansion ♦ eta reduction. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "eta": eta-linked, eta-mesons. | |
Ending with "eta": anti-eta, Mir-eta, pro-eta. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
eta | 435 | australia eta | 9 |
video eta | 39 | carina eta | 8 |
cuisenaire eta | 36 | eta hoffman | 8 |
eta system | 23 | eta phi psi | 8 |
carinae eta | 21 | eta movement watch | 8 |
eta sigma phi | 20 | eta spain | 7 |
eta 750 | 18 | eta theater | 7 |
alpha chi eta kappa psi | 17 | eta 750 form | 7 |
eta movement | 16 | 2824 eta | 6 |
basque eta | 14 | 2892 eta | 6 |
dimmer eta | 12 | eta model | 6 |
dealer eta system | 12 | chi eta phi sorority | 6 |
eta circuit breakers | 11 | eta sda.com | 5 |
2 2824 eta | 11 | eta form 9035 | 5 |
bideoa eta zinema | 11 | eta beta | 5 |
cuisinaire eta | 11 | basco eta | 5 |
chi eta phi | 10 | 2 2892 eta | 5 |
eta watch | 10 | dealer eta | 5 |
eta kappa nu | 10 | penley eta | 5 |
eta 9035 | 9 | eta sigma gamma | 5 |
alpha eta rho | 5 | ||
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "eta"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Dutch | èta. (various references) | |
Hungarian | tervezett érkezési idõpont (estimated time of arrival), számított érkezési idõpont, becsült érkezési idõpont (estimated time of arrival). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | etaay.(various references) | |
Russian | предполагаемое время прибытия. (various references) | |
Turkish | yunancanın yedinci harfi. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "eta": etagere, etageres, etalon, etalons, etamin, etamine, etamines, etamins, etape, etapes, etas, etatism, etatisms, etatist. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "eta": aceta, amreeta, anchoveta, arboreta, asyndeta, aubrieta, beta, chaeta, chaqueta, equiseta, excreta, feta, galleta, geta, meta, muleta, peseta, pieta, pineta, seta, taffeta, tapeta, theta, zeta. (additional references) | |
Words containing "eta": acetabula, acetabular, acetabulum, acetabulums, acetal, acetaldehyde, acetaldehydes, acetals, acetamid, acetamide, acetamides, acetamids, acetaminophen, acetaminophens, acetanilid, acetanilide, acetanilides, acetanilids, acetate, acetated, acetates, acetazolamide, acetazolamides, acropetal, acropetally, amphetamine, amphetamines, amreetas, anchovetas, antimetabolic, antimetabolics, antimetabolite, antimetabolites, antimetaphysical, apetalies, apetalous, apetaly, aubrietas, baronetage, baronetages, basipetal, basipetally, betaine, betaines, betake, betaken, betakes, betaking, betas, betatron, betatrons. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: ate, eat, tae, tea. | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-t" | |
-1 letter: ae, at, et, ta. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-t" | |
+1 letter: abet, ante, ates, bate, beat, beta, cate, date, east, eath, eats, etas, etna, fate, feat, feta, gate, geta, haet, hate, heat, late, mate, meat, meta, neat, pate, peat, rate, sate, seat, seta, tace, tael, take, tale, tame, tape, tare, tate, teak, teal, team, tear, teas, teat, tela, tepa, thae, toea, twae, zeta. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Photo Album 6. Quotations: Non-fiction 7. Usage Frequency 8. Names: Company Usage | 9. Expressions 10. Expressions: Internet 11. Translations: Modern 12. Abbreviations | 13. Acronyms 14. Derivations 15. Anagrams 16. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
