Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Estimation |
EstimationNoun1. An approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth; "an estimate of what it would cost"; "a rough idea how long it would take". 2. A document appraising the value of something (as for insurance or taxation). 3. The respect with which a person is held; "they had a high estimation of his ability". 4. A judgment of the qualities of something or somebody; "many factors are involved in any estimate of human life"; "in my estimation the boy is innocent". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "estimation" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
Etymology: Estimation \Es`ti*ma"tion\, noun. [Latin expression aestimatio, from aestimare: compare to the French expression estimation. See Esteem, transitive verb]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Biology & Biotechnology | A statistical term for an estimate of future or past conditions or data extrapolated beyond the period of calibration. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mathematics | The process by which sample data are used to indicate the value of an unknown quantity in a population. Results of estimation can be expressed as a single value, known as a point estimate, or a range of values, known as a confidence interval. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Synonyms: EstimationSynonyms: appraisal (n), approximation (n), estimate (n), idea (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Approbation | Noun: approbation; approval, approvement; sanction, advocacy; nod of approbation; esteem, estimation, good opinion, golden opinions, admiration; love; appreciation, regard, account, popularity, gr/kudos/gr, credit; repute; best seller. |
Deserving of praise, worthy of praise;Noun: praiseworthy, commendable, of estimation; good; meritorious, estimable, creditable, plausible, unimpeachable; beyond all praise. | |
Discrimination | Noun: discrimination, distinction, differentiation, diagnosis, diorism; nice perception; perception of difference, appreciation of difference; estimation; nicety, refinement; taste; critique, judgment; tact; discernment; (intelligence); acuteness, penetration; nuances. |
Judgment | Estimation, valuation, appreciation, judication; dijudication, adjudication; arbitrament, arbitrement, arbitration; assessment, ponderation; valorization. |
Measurement | Noun: measurement, admeasurement, mensuration, survey, valuation, appraisement, assessment, assize; estimate, estimation; dead reckoning, reckoning; (numeration); gauging; Verb: horse power. |
Numeration | Notation, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, rule of three, practice, equations, extraction of roots, reduction, involution, evolution, estimation, approximation, interpolation, differentiation, integration. |
Respect | Respected;Verb: in high esteem, in high estimation; time-honored, venerable, emeritus. |
Noun: respect, regard, consideration; courtesy; attention, deference, reverence, honor, esteem, estimation, veneration, admiration; approbation. | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Therefore, he is my model of manhood, and my estimation of him will govern the prospects of my adult relationships. (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | The high estimation then placed upon the military character might be seen in the lofty port of each individual member of the company. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Frame size as used for estimation of lean (fat-free) body mass is subjectively determined in the 1959 tables. (references) | |
Timing for repeat injections is determined by the patient's sense of need and the physician's estimation of recovery of muscle function. (references) | ||
Cystometrogram--to be used as the basic study in cases requiring more than core evaluation, should be accompanied by measurement or estimation of abdominal pressure. (references) | ||
Business | As in all econometric exercises, the lack of local market figures in the public domain results in estimation errors. (references) | |
Since the volume of leasing transactions implemented worldwide in 1996 exceeded $482 billion, Russia's share is only 0.1 %. However, the estimation is very conservative because many transactions remain unreported. (references) | ||
Economic History | Mexico | Local production is an estimation of the sector specialist. (references) |
India | McKinsey's estimation follows: Based on data from the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER), McKinsey short-listed 80.8 million households primarily on their ability to pay insurance premia. (references) | |
Trade | Ukraine | The program concentrates on: 1) improving overall tax structure and administration; 2) developing tools for budget estimation, analysis and monitoring; 3) developing professional skills and organizational capability at the National Bank and advancing professional skills of the commercial banks; 4) providing macroeconomic policy research and analytical support for key policy makers; 5) strengthening the commercial law framework; and 6) reforming the regulatory regime of the government as it affects private business. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
James Buchanan | 1857-1861 | The purity of official agents, whether rightfully or wrongfully, is suspected, and the character of the government suffers in the estimation of the people. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Estimation" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Estimation" is used about 339 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 339 | 15,555 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "estimation". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Hashubah | N/A | Biblical | Estimation |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
Expressions using "estimation": hold in estimation ♦ hold in high estimation ♦ in my estimation ♦ poststrike damage estimation ♦ stand high in the estimation of ♦ time estimation problem. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "estimation": over-estimation, under-estimation. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "estimation"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | vlerësim (account, appraisal, appraisement, appreciation, assessment, consideration, estimate, evaluation, improvement, judgement, judgment, quotation, rating, reckoning, recognition, valuation), nderim (compliments, consideration, credit, curtsey, curtsy, deference, devoirs, distinction, esteem, homage, honor, honour, obeisance, respect, respectability, respectfulness, reverence, salute, veneration), mendim (brainchild, cogitation, conceit, conception, idea, judgement, judgment, meditation, mind, muse, notion, opinion, reflection, reflexion, say, self-communion, sentiment, spirit, thinking, thought), gjykim (arbitrament, arbitration, consideration, doom, eye, impeachment, judgement, judgment, reasoning, trial, verdict). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | وجهة نظر (angle, color, colour, dogmatism, mind, opinion, perspective, point of view, sentiment, slant, standpoint, viewpoint), تقدير (appreciation, assessment, estimate, evaluation, rating, recognition, regard, respect, valuation), تخمين (appraisal, assessment, estimate, guess, guess-work, presumption, prognosis, rating, speculation, valuation), تثمين (appraisal, appraisement, estimate, evaluation, rating), إحترام (consideration, courtesy, deference, esteem, homage, honor, honour, obeisance, prestige, regard, reputability, respect, respects, reverence), إعتبار (account, consideration, esteem, horn, prestige, regard, respect, stature, status, thoughtfulness), رأى (catch sight of, conceive, consider, discern, pronouncement, see, set eyes on, sight, spy, suppose, take notice). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | уважение (admiration, consideration, credit, deference, duty, esteem, homage, honor, honour, obeisance, observance, piety, regard, respect, reverence, worship), оценяване (appraisal, appraisement, appreciation, evaluation), мнение (advice, belief, comment, counsel, esteem, idea, image, mind, notion, opinion, persuasion, pronouncement, sentence, sentiment, thinking, thought, thoughts, verdict, view, voice), пресмятане (calculation, count, estimate, numeration, reckoning), преценяване, преценка (adjudgment, appraisal, assessment, calculation, criticism, estimate, judgement, opinion, pronouncement, sapience, sight, valuation, verdict). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 估计 (Assess, Assessed, Assessing, Compute, Estimate, Estimating). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | vážnost (gravity, reverence, seriousness, severity, solemnity, sternness), odhad (appraisal, appraisement, approximation, assessment, calculation, estimate, guess, rating, taxation, valuation), ocenìní (appraisal, appreciation, estimate, rating, valuation), názor (feeling, idea, notion, opinion, outlook, point of view, sentiments, theory, verdict, view, viewpoint), mínìní (judgement, judgment, mind, opinion, sentiments, thought, voice), úcta (awe, deference, esteem, obeisance, piety, regard, reputation, respect, reverence, tribute, veneration). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | estimation, skøn (beautiful, estimate, fair, fine, handsome, lovely). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | schattingsprocedure, het schatten. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | estimointi. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | estimation (estimate, estimate of parameters, estimation of parameters). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | schätzung (appraisal, appraisement, estimate, evaluation, forecasting, guess, prediction, pricing, prognosis, prognostication, rating, valuation), Bewertung (Administration and general matters, appraisal, assessment, benchmark, benchmark test, budgetary and financial relations, clearance of EAGGF accounts, estimate, evaluation, judgment, marking, Rating, valuation, weighing, weighting), Abschätzung (appraisal, appraisement, assessment, valuation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | εκτίμηση (analysis, appraisal, appraisement, appreciation, assessment, esteem, ester, estimate, evaluation, examination, expert opinion, expertise, judging, planning estimate, pre-estimation, projection, rating, respect, valuation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | שומ" (appraisal, assessment, evaluation, rating, valuation), שעור (coordinate, installment, lesson, limit, measure, norm, pitch, portion, proportion, rate, ratio, size), ערך (asset, importance, magnitude, moment, order, property, set, suit, value, worth), אמי"" (assessment), אומ"ן (appraisal, approximation, assessment, estimate), "אמ"" (assessment), "ע" (insight, knowledge, mind, opinion, say, understanding, view, wisdom). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | értékelés (appraisal, appreciation, assessment, estimate, evaluating, evaluation, interpretation, rate, rating, valuation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | penilaian (assessment, marking, rating), bayangan (imagination, reflection, shadow). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | stima (appraisal, appraisement, appreciation, cherishes, credit, esteem, esteems, estimate, estimates, evaluation, fishery survey, forecasting, Gage, gauge, honor, honour, opinion, prediction, prognosis, prognostication, rating, regard, respect, valuation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 評価 (assessment, evaluation, valuation), 見積り (quotation), 見積もり (quotation), 算定 (calculation, computation), 相 (market price, speculation), 予測 (prediction), 推計 (estimate), 推算 , 推定 (assumption, presumption), 値踏み (appraisal, evaluation, setting prices), 値積もり (valuation), "評 (comment, criticism). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | すいさ" (cooking, fisheries, marine products, paying an unannounced visit, rudeness), すいけい (drainage system, estimate), すいてい (assumption, presumption, sea or river bottom), そうば (market price, speculation), ねぶみ (appraisal, evaluation, setting prices), ねづもり (valuation), ひょうか (assessment, evaluation, ices, valuation), ひ"ぴょう (comment, criticism), さ"てい (calculation, computation, process, revision of a passage), よそく (prediction), みつもり (quotation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 의견 (Opinion). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | tuarym (conjecture, guess, guesswork, opinion, review, surmise, view, viewpoint), ooley (determination, estimate, fine), barel (appreciation, hypothesis, opinion, presumption, review). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Norwegian | vurdering (appraisal, estimate, evaluation), aktelse (esteem). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | estimationay estimação. (various references) evaluare (appraisal, appraisement, appreciation, assessment, computation, estimate, evaluation, extent, rate, rating, valuation, value), estimaţie (appreciation, estimate, valuation), stimã (consideration, esteem, recognition, regard), respect (consideration, deference, duty, esteem, homage, obeisance, observance, observancy, regard, respect, reverence), pãrere (belief, conceit, conviction, dictum, estimate, hint, idea, judgement, mind, notion, opinion, paradox, say, thinking, verdict, view, voice), judecare (appreciation, censure, condemnation, criticism, estimate, judgement), calcul (account, calculation, calculus, casting, computation, concretion, estimate, numeration, rate, sum), apreciere (appreciation, assessment, calculation, esteem, estimate, judgment, opinion, pat on the back, reckoning, recognition, value). (various references) оценка (appraisal, appraisement, appreciation, apraisal, apraisement, apreciation, assessment, estimate, evaluation, pricing of, rating, regard, valuation, weightings). (various references) procena (appraisal, assessment, estimate, evaluation, figure, judgment, rating), poštovanje (deference, esteem, regard, respect, respects, reverence, tribute). (various references) estimación (appraisal, esteem, estimate, forecasting, guess, prediction, prognosis, prognostication, regard, respect, underestimate, value). (various references) värdering (appraisal, appreciation, assessment, estimate, evaluation, rating, valuation). (various references) การประเมิน (judgement, judgment, rating), ความเคารพ (esteem, honor). (various references) takdir (admiration, appreciation, approbation, commendation, discretion, estimate, opinion, recognition, regard, tribute), tahmin (approximation, calculation, conjecture, divination, estimate, forecast, guess, judgement, outlook, prediction, presumption, presupposition, prognostication, prophecy, shot, speculation, supposition, surmise), saygı (compliment, consideration, deference, esteem, homage, obeisance, piety, regard, respect, veneration), paha biçme (appreciation, evaluation), keşif (detection, discovery, exploration, find, finding, reconnaissance), kanı (belief, conclusion, deliverance, esteem, eye, fancy, idea, impression, judgement, notion, opinion, persuasion, sense, sentiments, sight, surmise, thought, view), itibar (altitude, ascendancy, ascendency, authority, consideration, credit, dignity, effectiveness, eminence, eminency, esteem, face, importance, odor, odour, prestige, regard, reputation, respectability, standing, weight), görüş (apprehension, argument, aspect, case, concept, conviction, eye, feeling, genius, horizon, idea, interest, notion, opinion, optical, outlook, position, sentiments, sight, thought, view, vision, visual), fikir (advice, attitude, belief, cogitation, conceit, concept, conception, hint, idea, ideo-, impression, inspiration, mind, notion, opinion, position, sentiments, suggestion, thinking, think-so, thought, verdict, view, voice), değerlendirme (appraisal, appraisement, appreciation, assessment, estimate, evaluation, rating, reclamation, valorization, valuation). (various references) rasзяot (r) (calculation). (various references) судження (advice, assertion, assessment, censure, judgement, judgment, proposition, verdict), оцінка (account, appraisal, appraisement, estimate, opinion, rating, summing up, valuation), підрахунок (calculation, computation, compute, count, counting, enumeration), повага (credit, deference, esteem, homage, obeisance, regard, respect, respectfulness). (various references) sự quý trọng (esteem), sự ước lượng sự kính mến, sự đánh giá (appraisal, appraisement, assessment, estimate). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Date | Source | Leviticus Chapter 27, Verse 4 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | ThV de qhleiaV estai h suntimhsiV triakonta didracma |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Si mulier triginta |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | And the female at .xxx. sycles. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And if it be a female, then thy estimation shall be thirty shekels. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And if it shall be a female, then thy estimation shall be thirty shekels. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And if it is a female, the value will be thirty shekels. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Leviticus Chapter 27, Verse 4 |
| Bulgarian | И ако е женско лице, оценката ти да бъде тридесет сикли. |
| Cebuano | Ug kong siya babaye, nan ang imong pagbana-bana mao ang katloan ka siclo. |
| Croatian | a žensku procijeni trideset šekela. |
| Danish | men for en Kvinde skal Vurderingssummen være tredive Sekel. |
| Dutch | Maar is het een vrouw, dan zal uw schatting zijn dertig sikkelen. |
| Finnish | mutta jos se on nainen, arvioitse hänet kolmeenkymmeneen sekeliin. |
| French | si c`est une femme, ton estimation sera de trente sicles. |
| German | ein Weibsbild auf dreißig Silberlinge. |
| Haitian Creole | Pou yon fanm menm laj la, se va trant pyès ajan |
| Hungarian | Ha pedig asszony-személy az, harmincz siklusra becsüljed. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Maka jikalau seorang perempuan, hendaklah nilaianmu tiga puluh syikal. |
| Italian | invece per una donna, la tua stima sar di trenta sicli. |
| Maori | A ki te mea he wahine, kia toru tekau nga hekere e whakaritea e koe. |
| Norwegian | Men er det en kvinne, da skal du verdsette henne til tretti sekel. |
| Portuguese | Se for mulher, a tua avaliação será de trinta siclos. |
| Rumanian | dacq este femeie, preyuirea sq fie de treizeci de sicli. |
| Russian | ЕУМЙ ЦЕ ЬФП ЦЕОЭЙОБ, ФП П"ЕОЛБ ФЧПС "ПМЦОБ 'ЩФШ ФТЙ""БФШ УЙЛМЕК; |
| Swedish | Om frågan gäller en kvinna, så skall du bestämma värdet till trettio siklar. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "estimation": estimations. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "estimation": misestimation, overestimation, underestimation. (additional references) | |
Words containing "estimation": misestimations, overestimations, underestimations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Estimation" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: aestimatio, estimatio, hesititation, septimanian. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "estimation" (pronounced e'stumā"shun) |
| 7 | -t u m ā" sh u n | automation, intimation. |
| 6 | -u m ā" sh u n | acclimation, amalgamation, animation, approximation, consummation, defamation, exclamation, inflammation, proclamation, reclamation, summation. |
| 5 | -m ā" sh u n | affirmation, confirmation, cremation, dalmatian, deformation, disinformation, exhumation, formation, information, malformation, misinformation, reaffirmation, reconfirmation, reformation, transformation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abomination, abrogation, acceleration, accommodation, accreditation, accumulation, accusation, acidification, activation, adaptation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affectation, affiliation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, amelioration, amortization, amplification, amputation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authentication, authorization, aviation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communication, communization, compensation, compilation, complication, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, deflation, deforestation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, disqualification, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, escalation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exoneration, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, falsification, fascination, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentrification, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflation, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, manifestation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, population, precipitation, predestination, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recertification, recitation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, replication, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, saturation, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, suffocation, superstation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-i-i-m-n-o-s-t-t" | |
-1 letter: intimates, ministate. | |
-2 letters: amniotes, imitates, intimate, mintiest, misatone, ostinati, titanism. | |
-3 letters: amities, amniote, amosite, animist, anomies, atomies, atomise, atomist, atonies, etamins, etatism, imitate, inmates, inosite, instate, intimae, intimas, isatine, manitos, mattins, mestino, mitiest, mittens, moisten, notates, santimi, satinet, sentimo, smitten, station, stomate, tameins, tiniest, titians, tomenta, toniest. | |
-4 letters: aments, amines, amnios, animes, animis, anomie. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-i-i-m-n-o-s-t-t" | |
+1 letter: estimations, meditations, testimonial. | |
+2 letters: antinepotism, emotionalist, impetrations, itemizations, metafictions, metrications, terminations, testimonials. | |
+3 letters: actinometries, alimentations, antimodernist, antinepotisms, antiterrorism, delimitations, domesticating, domestication, emotionalists, infotainments, legitimations, manifestation, misestimation, monetizations, pigmentations, remotivations, restimulation, sedimentation, systemization. | |
+4 letters: antimetabolics, antimodernists, antiterrorisms, autoimmunities, determinations, disappointment, domestications, emotionalistic, emotionalities, exterminations, magnetizations, manifestations, metafictionist, metallizations, misestimations, misorientation, monotheistical, overestimating, overestimation, premeditations, regimentations, reimportations, restimulations, schematization, sedimentations, symmetrization, systemizations, temporizations. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)45 73 74 69 6D 61 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
|
| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
|
| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
|
| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
|
Morse Code (1836) (references). ... - .. -- .- - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
|
Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000101 01110011 01110100 01101001 01101101 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)E s t i m a t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0045 0073 0074 0069 006D 0061 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
|
Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)39858675796786758180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Quotations: Fiction 7. Quotations: Non-fiction 8. Quotations: Speeches | 9. Usage Frequency 10. Names: Derived from 11. Expressions 12. Expressions: Internet | 13. Translations: Modern 14. Bible Trace 15. Derivations 16. Rhymes | 17. Anagrams 18. Orthography 19. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
