Essay

Definitions: Essay

Essay

Noun

1. An analytic or interpretive literary composition.

2. A tentative attempt.

Verb

1. Make an effort or attempt; "He tried to shake off his fears"; "The infant had essayed a few wobbly steps"; "The police attempted to stop the thief"; "He sought to improve himself"; "She always seeks to do good in the world".

2. Put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; "This approach has been tried with good results"; "Test this recipe".

Date "essay" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1200. (references)

Synonyms: Essay

Synonyms: assay (v), attempt (v), examine (v), prove (v), seek (v), test (v), try (v), try out (v). (additional references)

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Dissertation	Noun: dissertation, treatise, essay; thesis, theme; monograph, tract, tractate, tractation; discourse, memoir, disquisition, lecture, sermon, homily, pandect; excursus.
Essay	Verb: try, essay; experiment; endeavor, strive; tempt, attempt, make an attempt; venture, adventure, speculate, take one's chance, tempt fortune; try one's fortune, try one's luck, try one's hand; use one's endeavor; feel one's way, grope one's way, pick one's way.
	Noun: essay, trial, endeavor, attempt; aim, struggle, venture, adventure, speculation, coup d'essai, debut; probation; (experiment).
Experiment	Verb: experiment; essay; (endeavor); try, try out, assay; make an experiment, make a trial of; give a trial to; put on trial, subject to trial; experiment upon; rehearse; put to the test, bring to the test, submit to the test, submit to the proof; prove, verify, test, touch, practice upon, try one's strength; road-test, test drive, take for a spin; test fly.
	Noun: experiment; essay; (attempt); analysis; (investigation); screen; trial, tentative method, t_tonnement.
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

Crosswords: Essay

English words defined with "essay": Apologetical ♦ citation, civil disobedience, composition, credit, creep in, critical review, critique ♦ detail, discernible, disquisition ♦ Essayed, Essaying, Essays ♦ Forequoted, foreword, form ♦ ideal ♦ memoir, Memoirs, mention, Michel Eyquem Montaigne, Michel Montaigne, Montaigne ♦ paper, persuasively, preface, prolusion ♦ quotation ♦ reference, report, review, review article ♦ sneak in ♦ theme, To do one's endeavor, To exibit an essay, Tractate. (references)

Specialty definitions using "essay": Adiaphorists, Alexandrines, Articles interchanged ♦ Camilla, CERTIFICATION AND SELECTION SPECIALIST ♦ Didactic Poetry, Duck Lane ♦ Fungoso ♦ Hardouin, Harness Prize ♦ Incomplete Infinitive ♦ King ♦ Leather or Prunella, liar paradox ♦ Nor, not ♦ Pascal- ♦ Scotists, St. John Long ♦ U'nicorn, Utilitarians. (references)

Non-English Usage: "Essay" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

German (essay, test, trial), Norwegian (essay), Swedish (essay).

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	An Essay. Homo Sapien, a man. He is alone in the Universe. (S.L.C. Punk!; writing credit: James Merendino.) And what we did was wrong, but we think you're crazy to make us write an essay telling you who we think we are. What do you care? (The Breakfast Club ; writing credit: John Hughes)
Movie/TV Titles	Judgement: An Essay on War (1974) An Essay on Pornography (1973) The Spruce Bog: An Essay in Ecology (1957) An Essay on Matisse (1996)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Domain	Title
Books	Wahhabism: A Critical Essay (reference) (more book examples)

Periodicals	Essay & General Literature Index (reference) Ligand Essay (reference) Medical Essay (reference) Roths Essay Index (reference) (more periodical examples)

Theater & Movies	Learn Writing Quickly : How to Write an Essay (reference) Win Big! Secret Steps to Winning Contests Volume II. How to Win Cooking, Essay and Radio Contests (reference) (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Music	Barber: Fadograph of a Yestern Scene/Medea/Third Essay (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	Astronomers have used the Hubble telescope to produce an infrared "photo essay" of spiral ...Credit: NASA.		Jacket of "Thalassa: an essay on the depth, temperature, and currents of the Ocean" by John James Wild, 1877. Library Call Number GC11 .W66 1877.Credit: Treasures of the Library.
	Personality essay by Craig Dennis.Credit: National Library of Medicine.		Sept. 6, 1789--Jefferson essay, March, 1943.Credit: Library of Congress.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Author	Quotation
Samuel Johnson	I found you essay to be good and original. However, the part that was original was not good and the part that was good was not original.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Title	Author	Quote
Sylvie and Bruno Concluded	Carroll, Lewis	Some day, I hope to publish an essay on this subject.
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man	Joyce, James	Mr Tate withdrew his delving hand and spread out the essay.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Subject	Topic	Quote
Civil Liberties	Canada	The student was arrested after reading aloud in class a fictional essay he wrote for a class assignment, in which a bullied boy blows up his school. (references)
Lexicography	Devil's Dictionary	KING, n. A male person commonly known in America as a "crowned head," although he never wears a crown and has usually no head to speak of. A king, in times long, long gone by, Said to his lazy jester: "If I were you and you were I My moments merrily would fly -- Nor care nor grief to pester." "The reason, Sire, that you would thrive," The fool said -- "if you'll hear it -- Is that of all the fools alive Who own you for their sovereign, I've The most forgiving spirit." Oogum Bem KING'S :EVIL:, n. A malady that was formerly cured by the touch of the sovereign, but has now to be treated by the physicians. Thus 'the most pious Edward" of England used to lay his royal hand upon the ailing subjects and make them whole -- a crowd of wretched souls That stay his cure: their malady convinces The great essay of art; but at his touch, Such sanctity hath Heaven given his hand, They presently amend, as the "Doctor" in Macbeth hath it. This useful property of the royal hand could, it appears, be transmitted along with other crown properties; for according to "Malcolm," 'tis spoken To the succeeding royalty he leaves The healing benediction. But the gift somewhere dropped out of the line of succession: the later sovereigns of England have not been tactual healers, and the disease once honored with the name "king's evil" now bears the humbler one of "scrofula," from scrofa, a sow. The date and author of the following epigram are known only to the author of this dictionary, but it is old enough to show that the jest about Scotland's national disorder is not a thing of yesterday. Ye Kynge his evill in me laye, Wh. he of Scottlande charmed awaye. He layde his hand on mine and sayd: "Be gone!" Ye ill no longer stayd. But O ye wofull plyght in wh. I'm now y-pight: I have ye itche! The superstition that maladies can be cured by royal taction is dead, but like many a departed conviction it has left a monument of custom to keep its memory green. The practice of forming a line and shaking the President's hand had no other origin, and when that great dignitary bestows his healing salutation on strangely visited people, All swoln and ulcerous, pitiful to the eye, The mere despair of surgery, he and his patients are handing along an extinguished torch which once was kindled at the altar-fire of a faith long held by all classes of men. It is a beautiful and edifying "survival" -- one which brings the sainted past close home in our "business and bosoms."
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Speaker	Term	Phrase(s)
George Washington	1789-1797	Sensible of this momentous truth, you have improved upon your first essay by the adoption of a Constitution of government better calculated than your former for an intimate union and for the efficacious management of your common concerns.
Thomas Jefferson	1801-1809	I will cause to be laid before you an essay toward a statement of those who, under public employment of various kinds, draw money from the Treasury or from our citizens.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

"Essay" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.87% of the time. "Essay" is used about 1,591 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	99.87%	1,589	5,212
Lexical Verb (infinitive)	0.13%	2	245,945
Total	100.00%	1,591	N/A

Expressions using "essay": class essay ♦ critical essay ♦ To exibit an essay. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "essay": essay-collections, essay-reviews, essay-text, essay-type, essay-worn, essay-writer, essay-writing.
	Ending with "essay": photo-essay, poem-cum-essay.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Language		Translations for "essay"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Afrikaan		stelling (thesis). (various references)

Albanian		ese, sprovë (flyer, venture), skicë (cartoon, chart, dash, delineation, design, draft, draught, figure, freehand, outline, plan, profile, rough, sketch), provoj (assay, attest, demonstrate, deprive, establish, experience, fit on, make good, manifest, presume, pretend, prove, sample, savor, savour, show, substantiate, suffer, taste, test, try, try on, try out, validate, venture, witness), përpiqem (aim, attempt, bang, endeavor, endeavour, exert, exert oneself, offer, pretend, seek, strive, take trouble, try), detyrë me shkrim. (various references)

Arabic		‏مقالة (article, disquisition, dissertation, paper, purview, story, tractate, treatise), ‏مقال (article, exchange), ‏محاولة (assay, attempt, bid, effort, endeavor, endeavour, fling, go, shot, trial, try, whirl), ‏حاول (aim, attempt, endeavor, endeavour, give it a try, have a try, make a bid, make up, seek, study, try). (various references)

Bulgarian		съчинение (composition), очерк (article, story), опитвам се (give it a try, offer, seek, try), опитвам (attempt, experiment, partake, sample, taste, try), опит (attempt, crack, experience, experiment, go, go off, shot, shy, stab, tentative, trial, try, whack, whirl), есе (study), пробвам (attempt, experiment, give it a try, sample, try, try on), изпитване (examination, proof), изпитвам (assay, condition, examine, experience, feel, proof, prove, question, quiz, sample, see, test, try, undergo). (various references)

Chinese		雜文 , 文� (article), 杂文 (Essays). (various references)

Czech		esej, zkouška (exam, examination, inspection, probation, rehearsal, test), referát (department, paper, report), kompozice (composition, theme), fejeton (sketch), èrta. (various references)

Danish		stil paa modersmaalet. (various references)

Dutch		stelling (gantry, proposition, scaffolding, scantling, sentence, stillage(Australia and South Africa), theorem, thesis), proefschrift (dissertation, doctoral dissertation, doctoral thesis, thesis), dissertatie (dissertation, doctoral dissertation, doctoral thesis, thesis). (various references)

Esperanto		tezo (thesis). (various references)

Faeroese		viðvera (thesis). (various references)

Farsi		مقاله نویسی , مقاله (Article, Disquisition, Dissertation, Paper, Theme, Tract, Treatise), تالیف (Compilation), سنجیدن (Assay, Counterweight, Deliberate, Evaluate, Measure, Meter, Ponder, Try, Weigh), انشاء (Composition, Phraseology, Theme), ازمودن (Examine, Grope, Try), ازمایش کردن (Approve, Experiment, Gauge, Quiz). (various references)

Finnish		essee, aine (composition, material, matter, stuff, subject, substance). (various references)

French		essayer, essai, thèse, tenter, tentative, composition. (various references)

German		versuch (attempt, bid, effort, experiment, go, shot, stab, test, touchdown, trial, try, trying), aufsatz (applique, attachment, bit on top, composition, cover, grating, theme, upper part), Abhandlung (article, discourse, disquisition, pamphlet, treatise, treatment, treaty). (various references)

Greek		έκθεση (account, composition, display, exhibition, exhibition of, exposition, exposure, fair, report, show, statement, thesis, version, write up), δοκίμιο (proof, specimen, test piece, test sample, test specimen). (various references)

Hebrew		מאמר (article, clause, order, paper, saying, sentence), לבחון (check, examine, explore, see into, survey, test), ל� סות (angle, attempt, endeavor, endeavour, examine, experiment, have a go, test, try, try out). (various references)

Hungarian		esszé, kísérlet (attempt, balked landing, experiment, fling, rash act, shy, tentative, test, try), írásbeli dolgozat (composition, school exercise, script). (various references)

Indonesian		esei, karangan (article, composition). (various references)

Italian		tentativo (attempt, bid, crack, endeavor, endeavour, stab, try), tentare (attempt, endeavor, endeavour, tempt, try), tema (composition, motif, subject, subject matter, theme, topic), provare (argue, attempt, demonstrate, experience, feel, find, fit, prove, rehearse, show, taste, test, to try, to try on, try), prova (approval, attempt, bout, check, demonstration, event, evidence, examination, experiment, fitting, probation, proof, rehearsal, sample, shot, sign, test, token, trial, try), composizione (combining, composition, compounding, configuration, make up, settlement, typesetting, type-setting, typography), componimento scritto, componimento (adjustment, composition), cimentarsi in. (various references)

Japanese Kanji		試論 (tentative assumption), 論文 (paper, thesis, treatise), 論 (argument, comment, controversy, debate, discourse, discussion, dispute, doctrine, theory, treatise), 小�"� (literary sketch, something very small), エックス線�'�影 (edge, edge ball, edging, eggnog, essayist, essence, essential, extract, indecent, lewd, meal, radiographic, radiography). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		しろ�" (essay on poetry, historical discussion, historical treatise, one's personal opinion or views, persuasive argument, tentative assumption, theory of poetry), しょうひ�" (article of commerce, commodity, goods, literary sketch, merchandise, prize, something very small, stock, trophy), ろ�"ぶ�" (paper, thesis, treatise), ろ�" (argument, comment, controversy, debate, discourse, discussion, dispute, doctrine, theory, treatise), エッセー , エッセイ , エッセィ . (various references)

Korean		수필 (Essays). (various references)

Manx		traaght (written thesis; road traffic; tread of tyre), eab (attempt, effort, push, trial; try), cur eab er (try over as music). (various references)

Norwegian		essay, stil. (various references)

Pig Latin		essayay

Portuguese		experiência (background, experience, experiment, experimenter, feedback, probation, proof, test, trial, try, try out), escudeiro (armiger, armour bearer, henchman, page, squire), esboço (blank, briar root block, delineation, design, draft, draught, framing, graph, group, hat body, hood, layout, lined, optical blank, outline, picture, plan, pressing, rough 2) thumbnail, rough sketch, schema, sketch, vignette, wood block), ensaio (assay, audition, check-out, experiment, meter proving, rehearsal, test, testing, thesis, trial), ensaiar (assay, check-out, examine, exercise, experiment in chemistry, experimentalist, practise, rehearse, repeat, test, try), tese (act, doctoral dissertation, question, thesis), tentativa (attempt, bid, dig, endeavor, endeavour, experiment, fling, jerk, shot, shy, try), dissertação (discourse, disserve, excursus, reasoning, theme, thesis, tractate, treatise), composição (batch, batch mixture, charge, composing, composition, compound, consistency, extravasation, glass batch, make-up, make-up artist, making-up, mix, or, page-setting, raft of coaches, raft of wagons, rake of coaches, rake of wagons, set of coaches, set of wagons, train set, typesetting, type-setting, typography). (various references)

Romanian		experienţã (experience, experiment, praxis, proficiency, skill, test, trial), eseu (study), tentativã (cast, endeavor, endeavour, shy, tentative, try, whack), referat (reference, report, review), pune la încercare (overtax, put to the proof, put to the test, try), face o încercare (make an attempt, try), cercetare (analysis, control, examen, examination, exploration, hearing, inquiry, inquisition, inspection, investigation, probe, quest, research, study, test, trial, view), încercare (attempt, crack, effort, endeavor, endeavour, experiment, go, hardship, proof, shy, suffering, tempting, tentative, test, trial, try, visitation, whack), încerca (aim, assay, attempt, bother, endeavor, endeavour, experience, fit on, make, offer, sample, taste, tempt, test, try, undergo, undertake). (various references)

Russian		очерк (feature article). (various references)

Scottish		aghaib. (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		esej, studija (monograph, paper, study, treatise), probati (rehearse, sample, taste, test, try, try on), proba (assay, audition, demonstration, probe, rehearsal, sample, scantling, shakedown, test, trial), pokušati (assay, attempt, give it a try, have a go, tempt, try), pokušaj (assay, attempt, bid, stab, try), ogled (assay, experiment, temptation, trier). (various references)

Spanish		ensayo (assay, attempt, exercise, experiment, practice, rehearsal, runthrough, test, test specimen, testing, touchdown, trial, try). (various references)

Swedish		uppsats (article, composition), försök (attempt, attempts, bid, come on, effort, endeavor, endeavour, experiment, experimentation, fling, go, shot, shy, stab, test, trial, try, try out, venture, whack). (various references)

Thai		พยายาม (คำทางการ) (endeavor, endeavour), ท�"สอบ (examine in, examine on, test for), ความเรียง. (various references)

Turkish		kalkışmak (assay, attempt, dare, embark, engage in, have a stab at, set off), girişim (approach, attempt, bid, effort, enterprise, fist, go, initiative, interference, ploy, shot, show, step, trial, undertaking, venture), denemek (assay, attempt, chance, condition, experience, experiment, give it a shot, give it a try, have a go, have a go at, have a shy at, have a stab at, have a try, prove, put, put to the touch, sample, take a chance, take a whack at, test, try, try on, try out), deneme (assay, bash, crack, dissertation, effort, experiment, experimentation, fling, go, pilot, practice, probation, proof, proving, shakedown, shot, study, tentative, test, testing, touch, trial, try, try out, whack, workout). (various references)

Turkmen		oзerk (sketch), dьzme (composition). (various references)

Ukranian		спроба (assay, attempt, go, nisus, offer, overture, shot, slap, tentative, try, whack), випробувати, нарис (outline), намагатися (assay, attempt, exert oneself, make shift, offer, seek, try), есе. (various references)

Vietnamese		sự l� m thử (try), sự l� m cố gắng b� i tiểu luận. (various references)

Welsh		ysgrif (article, writing), traethawd (tract, treatise), osio (dare, offer to do). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Language	Period	Translations
Latin	500 BCE-Modern	exigere, rudimentum, thesis. (various references)
Late Latin	300-700	exagium. (various references)
Middle French	1400-1600	essai. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Language	Date	Source	Job Chapter 4, Verse 2
Greek (transliterated)	250 BC	Septuagint	Mh pollakiV soi lelalhtai en kopw iscun de rhmatwn sou tiV upoisei
Latin	405	Vulgate	Si coeperimus loqui tibi forsitan moleste accipias sed conceptum sermonem tenere quis possit
Middle English	1395	Wyclif	If wee begynne to speke to thee, perauenture greuously thou shalt taken; but the conceiuede woord who shal moun holde?
Jacobean English	1611	King James	If we assay to commune with thee, wilt thou be grieved? but who can withhold himself from speaking?
Victorian English	1833	Webster	If we essay to commune with thee, wilt thou be grieved? but who can refrain from speaking?
Basic English	1964	Ogden	If one says a word, will it be a weariness to you? but who is able to keep from saying what is in his mind?
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Language	Job Chapter 4, Verse 2
Albanian	"A do të të bezdiste ndokush në rast se do të provonte të të fliste? Por kush mund t'i ndalë fjalët?
Cebuano	Kong may mosulay sa pagpakigsulti kanimo, maguol ba ikaw? Apan kinsa ang makapugong sa iyang kaugalingon sa pagsulti?
Croatian	"Možeš li podnijeti da ti progovorim? Ali tko se može uzdržat' od rijeèi!
Danish	Ærgrer det dig, om man taler til dig? Men hvem kan her være tavs?
Dutch	Zo wij een woord opnemen tegen u, zult gij verdrietig zijn? Nochtans wie zal zich van woorden kunnen onthouden?
Finnish	"Ethän pane pahaksesi, jos sinulle puhutaan? Kuka voi vaitikaan olla?
French	Si nous osons ouvrir la bouche, en seras-tu peiné? Mais qui pourrait garder le silence?
German	Du hast's vielleicht nicht gern, so man versucht, mit dir zu reden; aber wer kann sich's enthalten?
Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama	Jikalau kiranya kami coba berkata-kata kepadamu, maka engkau akan berdukacita pula, tetapi siapa gerangan dapat menahan akan dirinya dari pada berkata-kata?
Maori	Ki te anga matou ki te korero ki a koe, e pouri ranei koe? otira e taea e wai te pehi te kupu?
Norwegian	Om en prøvde å tale et ord til dig, vilde du da ta det ille op? Men hvem kan vel holde sine ord tilbake?
Portuguese	Se alguém intentar falar-te, enfadarte-ás? Mas quem poderá conter as palavras?
Rumanian	,,Dacq vom kndrqzni sq-yi vorbim, te vei supqra? Dar cine ar putea sq tacq?
Spanish	--Si alguien intentara hablarte, ¿te impacientarías? Pero, ¿quién podrá reprimir las palabras?
Swedish	Misstycker du, om man dristar tala till dig? Vem kan hålla tillbaka sina ord?
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Derivations
	Words beginning with "essay": essayed, essayer, essayers, essaying, essayist, essayistic, essayists, essays. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Essay" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Ayissah, Bessay, Cesay, dessau, dessay, eassay, eassy, Ecsa, Edsac, Ensay, enssay, ersay, ersey, Ersoy, esa, Esaa, Esac, esap, esas, esau, esax, esay, esda, Esfa, esoy, essa, essai, Essaie, essal, Essam, essan, essar, essas, essau, esse, essed, essel, essen, essey, Essi, Essie, esso, essof, Essy, estacy, Estay, Estoy, esy, Eusa, Ezzi, Fessey, Hessey, Issaf, Issah, Issy, kesiya, Nesseby, resay, resays, secay, Seisay, sensay, Sesay, sesdaq, Sessa, Sessay, Sessey. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "essay" (pronounced esā" or e"sā')
2	-s ā"	fiance, Nisei, passe, say.
2	-s ā'	divorcee, fiance, gainsay, hearsay.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-e-s-s-y"
	-1 letter: ayes, easy, eyas, says, seas, yeas.
	-2 letters: ass, aye, ays, ess, sae, say, sea, yea, yes.
	-3 letters: ae, as, ay, es, ya, ye.
	Words containing the letters "a-e-s-s-y"
	+1 letter: essays, eyases, lyases, myases, resays, sayers, sayest, yeasts.
	+2 letters: abysses, assayed, assayer, causeys, cayuses, cycases, ecstasy, embassy, essayed, essayer, estrays, gayness, gyrases, lysates, myiases, passkey, pessary, rayless, sawneys, sawyers, seaways, slaveys, slayers, stayers, swayers, synapse, wayless, zymases.
	+3 letters: actressy, amylases, amyloses, analyses, apyrases, assayers, assembly, awayness, azygoses, bypassed, bypasses, cyanoses, cyclases, dasyures, daysides, dialyses, dyspneas, emissary, epistasy, essayers, essaying, essayist, eyeglass, grayness, hayseeds, hearsays, hydrases, kyanises, malmseys, massedly, mayoress, nosegays, paisleys, parsleys, passerby, passkeys, playless, resprays, rosebays, ryegrass, samoyeds, sashayed, saveloys, shanteys, sideways, someways, soybeans, sparsely, sprayers, strayers, styraxes, synapsed, synapses, syngases, syntaxes, waysides, yeshivas.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

45 73 73 61 79

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

⁼

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

. ... ... .- -.--.

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01000101 01110011 01110011 01100001 01111001

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#69 &#115 &#115 &#97 &#121

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0045 0073 0073 0061 0079

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

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sample essay	140	to kill a mockingbird essay	75
cause and effect essay	136	persuasive essay topic	75
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Essay

Definitions: Essay

Essay

Noun

Verb

Synonyms: Essay

Synonyms within Context: Essay

Dissertation

Essay

Experiment

Crosswords: Essay

Modern Usage: Essay

Screenplays

Movie/TV Titles

Commercial Usage: Essay

Books

Periodicals

Theater & Movies

Music

Image Slideshow: Essay

Computer Images:Essay

More images...

Photo Album: Essay

Familiar Quotations: Essay

Samuel Johnson

Use in Literature: Essay

Sylvie and Bruno Concluded

Carroll, Lewis

Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

Joyce, James

Non-Fiction Usage: Essay

Civil Liberties

Canada

Lexicography

Devil's Dictionary

Speeches: Essay

George Washington

Thomas Jefferson

Usage Frequency: Essay

Expressions: Essay

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Essay

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Essay