Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Erase

Definitions: Erase

Erase

Verb

1. Remove from memory or existence; "The Turks erased the Armenians in 1915".

2. Remove by or as if by rubbing or erasing; "Please erase the formula on the blackboard--it is wrong!".

3. Wipe out magnetically recorded information.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "erase" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1550. (references)

Note: Erase \E*rase"\, transitive verb. [imperative past participle Erased; p. pr. vb. noun. Erasing.]. (Websters 1913)

 

Specialty Definitions: Erase

DomainDefinitions

Computing

Erase delete. Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing.

Aerospace

In computer terminology, to expunge, wipe out, or destroy stored information, usually without destroying the storage media, as in demagnetizing a magnetic tape. (references)

Electrical Engineering

To remove recorded material from magnetic tape by passing the tape through a strong, constant magnetic field (d-c erase) or through a high-frequency alternating magnetic field (a-c erase). Source: European Union. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Synonyms: Erase

Synonyms: delete (v), efface (v), rub out (v), score out (v), wipe off (v), wipe out (v). (additional references)
Antonym: record (v). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Erase

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Destruction

Smash, crash, quell, squash, squelch, crumple up, shatter, shiver; batter to pieces, tear to pieces, crush to pieces, cut to pieces, shake to pieces, pull to pieces, pick to pieces; laniate; nip; tear to rags, tear to tatters; crush to atoms, knock to atoms; ruin; strike out; throw over, knock down over; fell, sink, swamp, scuttle, wreck, shipwreck, engulf, ingulf, submerge; lay in ashes, lay in ruins; sweep away, erase, wipe out, expunge, raze; level with the dust, level with the ground; waste; atomize, vaporize.

Obliteration

Verb: efface, obliterate, erase, raze, rase, expunge, cancel; blot out, take out, rub out, scratch out, strike out, wipe out, wash out, sponge out; wipe off, rub off; wipe away; deface, render illegible; draw the pen through, apply the sponge.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Erase

English words defined with "erase": backspaceDele, Disenroll, Dispungeefface, effaceable, erasable, Erased, eraser, Erasingkillobliterate, overwriteRasing iron, rub outscore out, spongeTo rub out, To strike off, To work outUnwritewipe off, wipe out. (references)
Specialty definitions using "erase": cooked modeENGRAVER, MACHINEFlash Erasable Programmable Read-Only MemoryMARKING-MACHINE OPERATORsignal to erased signal ratio after bulk erasureto de-activate a variable, to unset a variablezapping. (references)
Etymologies containing "erase": Liturate. (references)

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Modern Usage: Erase

DomainUsage

Screenplays

Remind me when we have time, to record it on tape so I can accidentally erase it. (Maude; writing credit: Colette Deréal)

If I get killed, tell Courtney in accounting I love her and erase all the porn on my computer. (Just Shoot Me!; writing credit: David Renwick)

You have been able to erase it? (The Ten Commandments; writing credit: J.H. Ingraham; A.E. Southon)

Good, 'coz if you don't I'll erase your ass. (Total Recall; writing credit: Ronald Shusett)

Lyrics

The fear does start to erase every time ("Every Time"; performing artist: Janet Jackson)

Time can't erase a feeling this strong ("Always Be My Baby"; performing artist: Mariah Carey)

And my mind could not erase the beauty of you face ("Hold On to the Nights"; performing artist: Richard Marx)

I could not erase it ("A Sorta Fairytale"; performing artist: Tori Amos)

There's a face there's a memory somewhere that I can't erase ("In A Little While"; performing artist: Uncle Kracker)

Movie/TV Titles

Rays That Erase (1916)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Erase

DomainTitle

Books

  • Credit Secrets : How To Erase Bad Credit (reference)

  • Don't Erase Me : Stories (reference)

  • Erase Que Se Era (reference)

  • Erase una vez-- Maimónides : cuentos tradicionales hebreos : antología (reference)

  • Erase una vez un padre (About a Boy) (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Music

  

High Tech

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Erase

Computer Images:
Erase

More images...

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Photo Album: Erase

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Erase Aids use a rubber.Credit: National Library of Medicine.

ERAse inequality : equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States ...Credit: Library of Congress.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Sounds Captioned with "Erase".

PlayCaption
Clean; clean off; clear; dry; dust; erase; mop; obliterate; remove; rub; sponge; swab; take away; towel; wash; squeak.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Use in Literature: Erase

TitleAuthorQuote

Les Miserables

Hugo, Victor

If you miss the third call, they erase your name.

Jitterbug Perfume

Tom Robbins

It is to erase the fixed smiles of sleeping couples that Satan trained roosters to crow at five in the morning.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Erase

SubjectTopicQuote

Civil Liberties

Oman

Customs officials at times confiscate videocassette tapes and erase offensive material, despite the lack of published guidelines regarding what is considered offensive. (references)

Turkey

The resolution urges the Turkish authorities to erase the criminal records and end restrictions on the civil and political rights, of successful applicants to the courts; the ECHR further urged the Government to bring Turkish law into conformity with the European Convention on Human Rights. (references)

Economic History

Namibia

German colonial rule destroyed the warmaking ability of the tribes but did not erase their identities or traditional organization. (references)

Political Rights

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The OSCE said the rules change was intended to erase a previous disadvantage to multiethnic parties in the selection of House of Peoples delegates. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Speeches: Erase

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

Dwight Eisenhower

1953-1961Science seems ready to confer upon us, as its final gift, the power to erase human life from this planet.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Erase

"Erase" is generally used as a lexical verb (infinitive) -- approximately 64.41% of the time. "Erase" is used about 177 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Lexical Verb (infinitive)64.41%11430,294
Lexical Verb (base form)35.03%6242,755
Noun (singular)0.56%1339,140
                    Total100.00%177N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expression: Erase

Hypenated Usage

Ending with "erase": un-erase.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Erase

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

dry erase board

358

erase erratum

27

erase

283

erase track

21

dry erase

203

dvd erase rw

20

erase hard drive

194

erase data

18

dry erase markerboards student

73

erase porn

18

erase cookie

73

secure erase

17

student dry erase boards

72

magnetic dry erase boards

16

drive erase

71

magnetic dry erase board

16

boards dry erase marker student

70

el erase hombre una vez

14

internet erase

70

dvd erase

12

erase history

65

erase index.dat

12

erase file

65

erase your internet track

12

cd erase

54

dry erase calendar

11

disk erase

49

completely drive erase hard

10

erase bad credit

49

dry erase marker boards

9

dry erase marker

38

black board dry erase

9

cd rw erase

38

cds erase

9

erase internet history

29

data erase uninstall

9

erase hard disk

28

erase rewind

8

erase grey

28

dry erase marker board

8
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Erase

Language Translations for "erase"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

shuaj (beat out, blanket, blow out, Burke, clean off, damp, delete, douse, drown, efface, expunge, extinguish, kill, obliterate, out, quash, quell, quench, rake out, remove, scratch out, settle, slack, slake, suppress, turn off, ungear, wipe, wipe away, wipe off, wither), heq (abate, abolish, avert, bereave, blow, call off, cast, clear away, clear out, cross, cut off, cut out, deduct, delete, derogate, detach, detrude, dislodge, dismiss, dismount, divest, do away with, doff, drag, draw, drop, eject, eliminate, exhaust, expel, exscind, extract, gather in, generate, get off, jump, keep off, kill, lift, lift off, move off, off with, omit, oust, peel back, pick off, pull at, pull off, pull out, put aside, put off, relegate, remove, save, scour, scratch, scratch off, scratch out, shake out, shed, skim, skip, soothe, spay, strike off, strip, subtract, swing, take away, take off, take out, tear away, throw out, turn away, undergo, unhang, unhook, unpin, unstring), fshij (brush, brush away, cancel, clean off, clean up, deface, delete, efface, mop up, obliterate, rase, raze, remove, rub, rub out, scratch out, strike off, sweep, wipe, wipe away, wipe off). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏محا (blot out, deface, efface, eradicate, expunge, exterminate, extinguish, obliterate, rub out, scratch out, sponge out, wipe off, wipe out), ‏إنمحى (rub, trail). (various references)

   

Aymara

  

phiscsuña (to erase). (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

заличавам (deface, efface, expunge, obliterate, remove), изтърквам (abrade, clean, fray, outwear, rub down, scrub, wear away), изтривам (delete, efface, expunge, obliterate, rase, raze, rub away, rub out, rub up, wear, wear away, wipe, wipe away, wipe off, wipe up). (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

(Erased, Erasing). (various references)

   

Czech

  

vymazat (blot out, clear, delete, obliterate, puddle, rub off, rub out, scrub, wipe out), vyhladit (annihilate, blot out, eradicate, even, even out, exterminate, obliterate, wipe out), gumovat. (various references)

   

Dutch

  

gommen (gumming, to gum). (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

gumi. (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

پاک کردن (Absolve, Clean, Cleanse, Efface, Mop, Obliterate, Purge, Purify, Rub, Sancify, Scour, Scrape, Sublimate, Ventilate, Wash, Winnow, Wipe), محوکردن (Blur, Deface, Efface, Eliminate, Expunge, Obliterate, Raze, Unbuild, Washout), تراشیدن (Carve, Excoriate, Expunge, Face, Grain, Grave, Pare, Rase, Raze, Scrape, Shave, Trim, Whittle), خراشیدن (Chafe, Glance, Graze, Rase, Scrape, Scrub), اثارچیزی راازبین بردن . (various references)

   

Finnish

  

raaputtaa (rub out). (various references)

   

French

  

gommer, effacer. (various references)

   

German

  

löschen (amortize, blot, blow out, clear, close, deaden, delete, discharge, erasing, erasure, expunge, extinction, extinguish, kill, land, pay off, purge, put out, quench, quenching, redeem, rub off, rub out, scratch, slake, souse, strike off, switch out, to delete, to erase, to expunge, to extinguish, to kill, to slake, turn off, unload, unship, wipe out, zap), radieren (delete, engraving, etch, etching, rub out, scrape, scratch, to delete, to erase, to etch), ausradieren (rub off, rub out, to rub out, wipe out). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

σβήνω (blow out, burn out, delete, die out, extinguish, fade away, faint, go out, obliterate, put out, quench, rub out, slake, snuff, snuff out, strike out, switch off, turn off, wipe out), εξάλειψη (decontamination, deletion, deletion of chromosomes, effacement, elimination, eradication, erasing, erasure, extinction, obliteration, removal), εξαλείφω (blot out, delete, efface, eliminate, eradicate, expunge, obliterate, rub out, strike out, wipe out). (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

למחות (blot out, efface, obliterate, rub out, wipe, wipe out), למחוק (cancel, cross out, delete, efface, raze, rub out, rubber, strike off, strike out, wipe out, write off), ל"חטיב (strike out). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

kitöröl (block out, efface, expunge, obliterate, strike out, to blot, to blot out, to disfigure, to excise, to obliterate, to raze, to strike out, to wipe out, wipe out), kiradíroz (rub out, to rub, to rub out). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

menghapus (delete, expunge), membunuh (assassinate, butcher, delete, kill, murder, plug, put out, slay). (various references)

   

Irish

  

scrios. (various references)

   

Italian

  

cancellare (blot, cancel, cross out, delete, efface, expunge, extinguish, obliterate, rub off, rub out, score off, scratch out, stop, strike off, strike out, wipe out, zap). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

消す (to delete, to erase, to turn off power). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

すりけす (to efface, to erase), ふきけす (to blow out, to erase, to wipe out), かきけす (to erase), けす (to be reduced, to change into, to convert to, to delete, to erase, to improve, to influence, to transform, to turn off power), けずる (to cross out, to curtail, to erase, to pare, to plane, to reduce, to remove, to scrape off, to sharpen, to shave, to whittle), けしさる (to erase, to get rid of). (various references)

   

Korean 

  

지우십시". (various references)

   

Manx

  

scryssey magh (abolishment, abolition, amortize, attrition, blot out, blur, blur as vision, delete, deletion, efface, erasure, obliterate, obliteration, scratch out, scrub, shatter, strike off, wear off), scryssey (cancel, cancellation; growl, eliminate, elimination, forage, grin, pare down, rub out, scrap, scrape, scrape away, scraping, scratch, shave, sneer, strike out, wipe out, write off), dolley magh (abolition, abrogate, abrogation, block out, cancel, cancellation, delete, obliteration). (various references)

   

Mohawk

  

-hyatonkwas (to erase). (various references)

   

Norwegian

  

stryke ut (delete). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

eraseay

   

Portuguese

  

extirpação (extirpation), rasurar, raspar (abrade, bark, blot, bream, delete, fray, grate, rasp, rub, scrabble, scrape, scrape off, scratch, scuff, shave, skive, slab, smooth, strike out), desmanchar (break, dislocate, joint account, translocate), apagar (abrade, Dele, delete, douse, efface, extinguish, extinguishable, obliterate, out, put out, quench, rub out, scrape off, turn off, turn out, wipe off, zap). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

elimina (cashier, cut out, eliminate, expel, liberate, ooze, oust, pass, put out, remove), rade (contuse, efface, grate, obliterate, pare, rasp, raze, scrape, shave), rãzui (abrade, grate, grind, rasp, raze, regrate, scrape, scratch), şterge (abrade, annex, annihilate, annul, blot out, bunk, cancel, clean, cop, crib, decamp, deface, delete, dim, do a bunk, dry, dull, efface, expunge, filch, guy, make away, make off, mop, obliterate, pack off, pack one's traps, pop off, quit, raze, remove, scratch, shrink away, strike out, sweep, vanish, wipe). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

стирать (delete, efface, erasing, obliterate, rub, rub out, wash, wear away, wear down, wear off, wipe away, wipe off, wipe out, wipes, zap), выскабливать, изглаживать (rase, raze). (various references)

   

Sepedi

  

phumola (to erase). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

brisati (mop, sweep). (various references)

   

Shona

  

-dzima (to erase). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

borrar (cross out, delete, destroy, dim, efface, expunge, expurgate, obliterate, rub out, scratch, scratch out, strike off, strike out, wipe out, write away, write off, zap). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

radera (delete, purge, rub out, withdraw). (various references)

   

Thai

  

ลบข้อมูลออกจากคอมพิวเตอร์, ลบ. (various references)

   

Turkish

  

temizlemek (bump off, clarify, clean, clean out, clean up, cleanse, clear, clear up, decontaminate, depurate, do, do out, excise, expurgate, get rid of, give smth. a sweep, gut, houseclean, mop up, purge, purify, rid, rub out, scavenge, swab down, sweep, swob down, tidy out, wipe away, wipe off, wipe out, wipe up), silmek (blank, blot out, cancel, cross out, Dele, delete, efface, expunge, forgive, furbish, give smth. a wipe, obliterate, rub down, rub off, rub out, rule out, rule smth. out, strike off, strike out, whisk, wipe, wipe away, wipe off, wipe out, wipe up, write off), silip atmak, kazımak (delete, grave, incise, inscribe, rub, rub out, scrape, scratch, scratch along, scratch out, stamp, strip), öldürmek (assassinate, bump off, carry off, croak, cut down, destroy, dispatch, do away with, do in, do one's job for one, drop, exterminate, get, get rid of, give smb. his quietus, ice, kill, kill off, knock off, knock out, liquidate, make away with, murder, off, put away, put down, put to death, rub out, send to glory, shoot, shoot dead, slay, take off, take smb.'s life, waste, wipe out, zap). (various references)

   

Turkmen 

  

bozmak (ruin). (various references)

   

Ukranian 

  

стирати (abrade, cancel, chafe, deface, delete, efface, obliterate, rub out, wipe away), викреслювати (black out, blot out, blue pencil, cancel, cross off, cross out, delete, efface, elide, expunge, line out, obliterate, rase, raze, score out, scratch off, scratch out), зіскоблювати (expunge, scrape away, strip off). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Erase

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Latin500 BCE-Modern

dele, deleam, deleamus, deleant, deleantur, deleas, deleat, deleatur, delebimus, delebis, delebit, delebitque, delebitur, delebo, delebor, delebunt, delebuntur, delendam, delendi, delendos, delens, deleo, delere, delerem, delerent, deleret, deleri, deleta, deletae, deleti, deletis, deleverit, deleverunt, delevi, delevimus, delevit, delevitque, lesem, levi, levistis, levit, lineam, lineas, lini, liniebant, linies, liniretur, liniri, linitionem, liniunt, linivit, lino, linoque, linui, linuit, linunt, lita, litura, litus, perliniens. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Erase

Derivations

Words beginning with "erase": erased, eraser, erasers, erases. (additional references)

Words ending with "erase": acetylcholinesterase, aminotransferase, anticholinesterase, cholinesterase, epimerase, esterase, isomerase, luciferase, pectinesterase, phosphodiesterase, phosphomonoesterase, polymerase, pseudocholinesterase, transferase. (additional references)

Words containing "erase": acetylcholinesterases, aminotransferases, anticholinesterases, cholinesterases, copperases, epimerases, esterases, isomerases, luciferases, pectinesterases, phosphodiesterases, phosphomonoesterases, polymerases, pseudocholinesterases, transferases, unerased. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Erase" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Aase, Arasse, araze, Berjasa, Betrasey, derasa, Earee, eares, earse, easo, egrapsen, Ejazi, Elrose, erac, erace, Eraclea, erade, erane, erasp, erast, erate, Eratex, eraze, Erdsiek, erease, erele, erete, erfsu, ergas, eries, eris, erisee, erish, eroes, eroze, ersa, ersay, ersey, Erste, erus, Esras, evase, irazu, Krase, merawec, Orasje, Persae, rebase, recase, urase. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Erase"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "erase" (pronounced irā"s or ērā"s)
3-r ā" sbrace, disgrace, embrace, grace, race, retrace, trace.
3-r ā" sbrace, disgrace, embrace, grace, race, retrace, trace.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Erase

.

.

.

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Direct Anagrams: saree.

Words within the letters "a-e-e-r-s"

-1 letter: ares, arse, ears, ease, eras, rase, rees, sear, seer, sera, sere.

-2 letters: are, ars, ear, era, ere, ers, ras, ree, res, sae, sea, see, ser.

-3 letters: ae, ar, as, er, es, re.

 Words containing the letters "a-e-e-r-s"
 

+1 letter: aeries, agrees, ameers, aretes, averse, crease, eagers, eagres, easier, easter, eaters, erased, eraser, erases, grease, haeres, hearse, larees, leaser, ragees, rakees, ramees, ranees, razees, reales, reaves, resale, reseal, reseat, reseau, reseda, sarees, sealer, seamer, seared, searer, seater, serape, teaser, urease.

 

+2 letters: acerose, adheres, adverse, aerates, aeriest, aerobes, aethers, afreets, ambeers, amerces, amperes, aperies, arenose, areoles, asperse, austere, bareges, bargees, beakers, bearers, beaters, beavers, berakes, berates, besmear, bewares, careens, careers, caserne, cerates, cereals, cesurae, creased, creaser, creases, creates, dealers, dearest, dearies, debaser, decares, dekares, derates, dragees, drawees, earless, earners, earnest, eastern, easters, ecartes, elaters, endears, enrages, ensnare, erasers, erasure, ergates, escaper, essayer, estreat, evaders, eyebars, faeries, fakeers, fearers, feaster, freesia, galeres, greased, greaser, greases, greaves, hareems, headers, healers, hearers, hearsed, hearses, heaters, heavers, jaegers, laveers, leaders, leakers, leaners, leapers, leasers, leavers, meaners, measure, nearest, oversea, pareses, pleaser, presage, presale, quaeres, racemes, raggees, rappees, reaches, readers, readies, realest, realise, reamers, reapers, rearers, reavers, rebates, recanes, redates, redears, reearns, refaces, regales, regears, reggaes, rehears, reheats, relaces, relapse, relates, relaxes, release, remakes, remates, renames, rennase, repaves, repeals, repeats, reraise, rereads, resales, resawed, rescale, reseals, reseats, reseaus, reseaux, resedas, reshape, reshave, reslate, respace, respade, respeak, restage, restate, retakes, retapes, retaste, retaxes, reteams, retears, reveals, rewakes, rewaxes, roseate, sabered, sclerae, sealers, sealery, seamers, seamier, searest, seaters, seaware, sedater, serapes, serfage, seriate, seriema, serosae, serrate, several, sheared, shearer, smeared, smearer, sneaker, speaker, speared, spearer, stealer, steamer, swearer, sweater, tearers, teasers, tessera, ureases, vealers, weaners, wearers, wearies, weavers, whereas.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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Alternative Orthography: Erase


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

45 72 61 73 65

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

.    .-.    .-    ...    .

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01000101 01110010 01100001 01110011 01100101

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#69 &#114 &#97 &#115 &#101

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0045 0072 0061 0073 0065

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

3984678571

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Slideshow
7. Images: Photo Album
8. Sounds
9. Quotations: Fiction
10. Quotations: Non-fiction
11. Quotations: Speeches
12. Usage Frequency
13. Expressions
14. Expressions: Internet
15. Translations: Modern
16. Translations: Ancient
17. Derivations
18. Rhymes
19. Anagrams
20. Orthography
21. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.