Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Endowment |
EndowmentNoun1. Natural qualities or talents. 2. The capital that provides income for an institution. 3. The act of endowing with a permanent source of income; "his generous endowment of the laboratory came just in the nick of time". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "endowment" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1550. (references) |
Synonyms: EndowmentSynonyms: endowment fund (n), gift (n), natural endowment (n), talent (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Giving | Noun: giving; Verb: bestowal, bestowment, donation; presentation, presentment; accordance; concession; delivery, consignment, dispensation, communication, endowment; investment, investiture; award. |
Intrinsicality | Endowment, capacity; capability; (power). |
Power | Capability, capacity; quid valeant humeri quid ferre recusent; faculty, quality, attribute, endowment, virtue, gift, property, qualification, susceptibility. |
Skill | Cleverness, talent, ability, ingenuity, capacity, parts, talents, faculty, endowment, forte, turn, gift, genius; intelligence; sharpness, readiness; (activity); invention; aptness, aptitude; turn for, capacity for, genius for; felicity, capability, curiosa felicitas, qualification, habilitation. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Endowment |
| English words defined with "endowment": chantry ♦ Disendow, Disendowment, Dotation, dower ♦ endow, endowment fund, Endowment insurance ♦ foundation ♦ genetic endowment, Gift rope ♦ Indowment, Induement ♦ natural endowment ♦ patrimony, private school, public school ♦ To be on a foundation. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "endowment": claims administrator ♦ endowment funds ♦ Immunity, Natural ♦ mineral assessment, mineral endowment ♦ Scarification, SUPERVISOR, CLAIMS ♦ Wall. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Movie/TV Titles | Terms of Endowment (1986) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit |  | Conservative Republican congressman, Jesse Helms, with bloodied axe and accompanied by four chimpanzees, knocks on door labeled "Public Broadcasting" just down the hall from a blood splattered door labeled "National Endowment of the Arts"] / Oliphant.Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Economic History | Belarus | Support for the National Endowment for Democracy. (references) |
India | The list of eligible FIIs has been expanded to include endowment funds, university funds, foundations and charitable trusts. (references) | |
Ireland | This region currently lacks a sufficient endowment of the necessary infrastructure, attractions and visitor facilities to attract tourists. (references) | |
Human Rights | Congo | Representatives of other international human rights and democracy NGO's, such as Human Rights Watch Africa and the National Endowment for Democracy, visited the country (including rebel-held areas) during the year. (references) |
Czech Republic | In 1999 the Government created a $14 million (500 million Czech crowns) endowment that is used by 39 NGO's to work on issues of social welfare, health, culture, education, human rights protection, and the environment. (references) | |
Minorities | Israel and the occupied territories | Unresolved problems of many years' standing also include claims by Arab groups that land expropriation for public use has affected the Arab community disproportionately; that Arabs have been allowed too little input in planning decisions that affect their schools and municipalities; that mosques and cemeteries belonging to the Islamic Waqf (religious endowment) have been neglected or expropriated unjustly for public use; and that successive governments have blocked the return to their homes of citizens displaced in the early years of the country's history. (references) |
Trade | Israel | BARD funds, generated from a $100 million endowment, finance cooperative agricultural research between scientists of the U.S. and Israel on topics considered to be of mutual benefit to the agriculture of both countries. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | WALL :STREET:, n. A symbol for sin for every devil to rebuke. That Wall Street is a den of thieves is a belief that serves every unsuccessful thief in place of a hope in Heaven. Even the great and good Andrew Carnegie has made his profession of faith in the matter. Carnegie the dauntless has uttered his call To battle: "The brokers are parasites all!" Carnegie, Carnegie, you'll never prevail; Keep the wind of your slogan to belly your sail, Go back to your isle of perpetual brume, Silence your pibroch, doff tartan and plume: Ben Lomond is calling his son from the fray -- Fly, fly from the region of Wall Street away! While still you're possessed of a single baubee (I wish it were pledged to endowment of me) 'Twere wise to retreat from the wars of finance Lest its value decline ere your credit advance. For a man 'twixt a king of finance and the sea, Carnegie, Carnegie, your tongue is too free! Anonymus Bink |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | Federal support for the arts has been enhanced during my Administration by expanding government funding and services to arts institutions, individual artists, scholars, and teachers through the National Endowment for the Arts. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | This Lands Legacy endowment would represent by far the most enduring investment in land preservation ever proposed in this House. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Endowment" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.80% of the time. "Endowment" is used about 495 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.8% | 494 | 12,153 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.2% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 495 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name |
| United Kingdom | BGI Endowment Fund III Ltd. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "endowment": Endowment assurance ♦ endowment fund ♦ endowment funds ♦ Endowment insurance ♦ endowment policy ♦ genetic endowment ♦ natural endowment ♦ recurring endowment assurance. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "endowment": endowment-linked. | |
Ending with "endowment": maxi-endowment, re-endowment. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
endowment | 193 |
the california endowment | 90 |
lilly endowment | 71 |
endowment policy | 39 |
endowment mortgage | 37 |
the duke endowment | 33 |
carnegie endowment | 24 |
endowment houston | 22 |
endowment selling | 22 |
endowment policy uk | 18 |
endowment university | 16 |
endowment heinz | 15 |
college endowment | 14 |
endowment funds | 12 |
endowment fund | 9 |
endowment lily | 9 |
traded endowment | 8 |
complaint endowment | 8 |
association detective endowment | 7 |
endowment software | 7 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "endowment"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | ndihmë (aid, assistance, backstop, bee, boon, charity, dole, facilitation, help, relief, stay, subsidy, subvention, succor, succour, support), dhuratë (benevolence, bestowal, bounty, contribution, fairing, Favor, favour, gift, grant, handsel, oblation, offering, premium, present, presentation, testimonial, token). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | منحة (awarding, bestowal, conferment, donation, giving, granting, presenting), موهبة (aptitude, capability, facility, flair, genius, gift, instinct, knack, skill, talent, vocation), هبة (benevolence, bestowal, blast, boon, bounty, charity, contribution, donation, gift, grant, liberality, offering, outburst, present, privilege, puff, waft, whiff), وقف على. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | фондация (foundation), фонд (fund), талант (ability, accomplishment, capability, dowry, gift, talent), надаряване, даряване (bestowal), дарование, дарение (beneficence, donation, dower, gift, grant, oblation, offering), дарба (ability, appanage, aptitude, competence, competency, dowry, faculty, flair, genius, gift), дар (blessing, boon, bounty, donative, drink offering, gift, oblation, offering, pledge, present, presentation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 捐 (Donate, Donated, Donating, Donation), 才 (ability, an expert, gift, just, only, only if, talent). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | nadace (foundation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | livsforsikring med rateudbetaling i levende live (recurring endowment assurance), legatinvesteringsfonde (endowment funds), henlæggelser fra afdelinger (endowment capital of branches, funds from branches). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | stichtingskapitaal (endowment funds), middelen van bijkantoren (endowment capital of branches, funds from branches), gemengde verzekering met periodieke kapitaaluitkeringen (recurring endowment assurance). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | موهبت (Gift), اعطا. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | säätiö (foundation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | dotation. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | dotierung (doping, remuneration), ausstattung (accoutrement, allocation, allowance, appointments, bottle dressing, configuration, décor, decorat, dowry, equipment, facilities, fitments, fittings, fixtures, furnishing, furniture, get up, get-up, harness, layout, presentation, production, provisions, vesting). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | προικοδότηση. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | תרומ" (contribution, donation, gift, oblation, offering), זב" (bestowal, bounty, gift, present), כשרון (ability, aptitude, capability, competence, facility, flair, genius, gift, knack, talent), "ע ק" (bestowal, bonus, conferment, grant, gratuity, presentation), " חל" (imparting). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | tehetség (ability, accomplishment, aptitude, art, capacity, disposition, dower, facility, faculty, genious, gift, talent, vein, vocation), alapítványozás, alapítvány (foundation, fund). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | pemberian (allocation, conferral, distribution, giving, issue), infak (allowance, donation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | dote (accomplishment, dowry, gift), dotazione (equipment), assegnazione (allocation, allotment, assignation, assignment, binding, delivery, destination, entail, entailment, grant, issuance, stacking allotment). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 天賦 (natural gift, natural talent). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | ぐび (equipment, possession, qualification), きふき" (contribution, donation), ふよ (allowance, assignment, distribution, emperor's illness, grant, indisposition, unhappiness), て"ぷ (annex, appendage, appended, appending, attached, attachment, deep scholarship, fertile land, Heavenly Father, natural gift, natural talent, paste, pasting). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 기부재산. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | toyrtys (boon, contribution, delivery, donation, grant, offering, present, subvention), toghyr (dower, dowry, marriage portion, marriage settlement, tocher), gioot (flair, gift, grant, present), feoiltaghey (bestow, endow). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Norwegian | legat (foundation), gave (donation, gift, present). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | endowmentay talento (ability, accomplishments, acquirements, aptitude, disposition, dower, genius, ingenuity, numb, part, spirit, talent, wit), renda (accrual, due, farm rent, finance, government borrowing, government loan, government securities, income, lace, public borrowings, render, rent, rental, revenue, royalty, tax, Treasury stock), legado (bequest, demise, devise, legacy, legate), dote (Dot, dower, dowry, dowser, endow, jointure, marriage portion, marriageable, part), dotação (allocation, duty, duty of water), dom (ability, accomplishments, Don, dowry, French Overseas Departments, Serenity Tranquillity Peace pill), doar (donate, donation, give, give away). (various references) talent (ability, accomplishments, aptitude, capability, dower, dowry, facility, faculty, felicity, genius, gift, ingenuity, knack, part, skill, talent, turn, twist), fundaţie (foundation, groundwork, shoe), dotare, dotaţie, dar (and, bestowal, bounty, but, consequently, dowry, genius, gift, grant, hence, however, pledge, present, sop, still, yet), aşezãmânt (establishment, foundation, institute, institution), înzestrare (capacity, dowering, endowments, equipage, gift, gifts, outfit, talents). (various references) пожертвование (donation, mortification, offering). (various references) zadužbina (foundation), doprinos (contribution, fee). (various references) talento (abilities, ability, accomplishment, aptitude, disposition, gift, head, parts, talent, turn, wit), prendas (talents), fundación (a structure set in the ground provided as the base of a tower and to fix it in the ground, bedding, establishment, fondament, fondement, foundation, foundry, fundament, fundering, institution, promotion, rubble stones), dote (calling, capably, charisma, dowry, drollery, liking, marriage portion, portion, settlement, settling, talent), dotación (complement, crew, duty, duty of water, extravagance), dinero (cash, coin, deliverance, indemnity, l.s.d., money, treat), cualidad (attribute, characteristic, point, property, quality), creación (creation, foundation, making, origination, setting up). (various references) donerande (endowed), donationsmedel, donation (benefaction, donation, gift, pittance), begåvning (ability, accomplishment, aptitude, disposition, dowry, intellect, native talent, talent, talented person). (various references) bahşetme (conferment), bağışlama (act of grace, donation, giving, largess, largesse, pardon, quarter, remission), bağış (benefaction, bestowal, bounty, contribution, donation, donative, gift, grant, largess, largesse, offer, offering, pittance), allah vergisi yetenek. (various references) обдаровання (gift), пожертва (offering, subscription), передача фонду. (various references) gwaddol (dowry). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | talentum. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "endowment": endowments. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "endowment": disendowment. (additional references) | |
Words containing "endowment": disendowments. (additional references) | |
| |
"Endowment" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: endowwment, enduement. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "endowment" (pronounced endou"munt) |
| 4 | -m u n t | abandonment, abatement, accompaniment, accomplishment, accouterment, achievement, acknowledgement, acknowledgment, adamant, adjournment, adjustment, adornment, advancement, advertisement, advisement, aggrandizement, agreement, ailment, alignment, allotment, amazement, amendment, amusement, announcement, annulment, antigovernment, apartment, appeasement, appointment, apportionment, argument, armament, arraignment, arrangement, assessment, assignment, assortment, astonishment, atonement, attachment, attainment, banishment, basement, battlement, bemusement, bereavement, betterment, bewilderment, blandishment, bombardment, claimant, Clement, commandment, commencement, commitment, compartment, complement, comportment, concealment, condiment, confinement, consignment, containment, contentment, copayment, curtailment, debarment, debasement, deferment, department, deployment, deportment, derailment, detachment, determent, detriment, development, diminishment, disagreement, disappointment, disarmament, disbarment, disbursement, discernment, discouragement, disenchantment, disenfranchisement, disengagement, disestablishment, disgruntlement, disillusionment, disinvestment, dismantlement, dismemberment, displacement, divestment, dormant, easement, element, embankment, embarrassment, embayment, embellishment, embezzlement, embodiment, emplacement, employment, empowerment, enactment, encampment, enchantment, encirclement, encouragement, encroachment, endangerment, endearment, endorsement, enforcement, engagement, enhancement, enjoyment, enlargement, enlightenment, enlistment, enrichment, enrollment, enslavement, entanglement, entertainment, enticement, entitlement, entombment, entrapment, entrenchment, environment, equipment, escapement, escarpment, establishment, estrangement, excitement, excrement, experiment, extinguishment, figment, filament, formant, fragment, fulfillment, garment, garnishment, government, harassment, impairment, impeachment, impediment, implement, impoundment, impoverishment, impressment, imprisonment, improvement, incitement, inclement, increment, indictment, inducement, informant, infotainment, infringement, installment, instrument, integument, internment, intersegment, investment, involvement, judgement, judgment, ligament, maltreatment, management, measurement, micromanagement, misgovernment, misjudgment, mismanagement, misstatement, mistreatment, moment, monument, movement, nongovernment, nonmanagement, nonpayment, nourishment, ointment, ornament, orpiment, outplacement, overpayment, overstatement, parchment, parliament, pavement, payment, pigment, placement, postponement, postretirement, predicament, prejudgment, prepayment, presentment, procurement, pronouncement, punishment, puzzlement, readjustment, realignment, reappointment, reapportionment, rearmament, rearrangement, reassessment, reassignment, recruitment, redeployment, redevelopment, reemployment, reenactment, refinement, refreshment, refurbishment, regiment, reimbursement, reinforcement, reinstatement, reinvestment, repayment, replacement, replenishment, requirement, resentment, resettlement, restatement, retirement, retrenchment, rudiment, sacrament, sediment, segment, sentiment, settlement, shipment, statement, supplement, temperament, tenement, testament, tournament, treatment, underdevelopment, underemployment, undergarment, underpayment, understatement, unemployment, vehement, wonderment. |
| 3 | -u n t | aberrant, abhorrent, abortifacient, absent, absorbent, abstinent, abundant, accelerant, accident, accountant, adherent, adjacent, adjutant, adolescent, afferent, affiant, affluent, agent, ambient, ambivalent, ancient, antecedent, antidepressant, antioxidant, apparent, applicant, ardent, argent, arrant, arrogant, ascendant, aspirant, assailant, assistant, astringent, attendant, belligerent, beneficent, benevolent, blatant, brilliant, buoyant, celebrant, clairvoyant, client, coefficient, cogent, cognizant, coherent, coincident, combatant, competent, complacent, complainant, complaisant, compliant, component, concomitant, concurrent, confident, confluent, consequent, consistent, consonant, constant, constituent, consultant, contaminant, contestant, continent, contingent, convalescent, convenient, convent, convergent, conversant, coolant, corespondent, cormorant, correspondent, Courant, covenant, Crescent, crosscurrent, current, decadent, decedent, decent, declarant, decongestant, defendant, defiant, deficient, defoliant, delinquent, deodorant, dependent, depressant, descendant, descendent, despondent, detergent, determinant, deterrent, deviant, different, diligent, discordant, disinfectant, disobedient, dispersant, dissident, dissonant, distant, divalent, divergent, docent, dominant, ebullient, efferent, effervescent, efficient, effluent, elegant, elephant, eloquent, emergent, emigrant, eminent, entrant, equivalent, errant, esculent, evanescent, evident, excellent, exigent, existent, exorbitant, expectant, expectorant, expedient, exponent, extant, extravagant, exuberant, exultant, Fabricant, fervent, flagrant, flamboyant, flatulent, flippant, fluent, fluorescent, fragrant, fraudulent, frequent, gallant, giant, grandiloquent, grandparent, hesitant, hydrant, ignorant, immanent, immigrant, imminent, impatient, impertinent, important, impotent, imprudent, inadvertent, incandescent, incessant, incident, incipient, incoherent, incompetent, inconsistent, incontinent, inconvenient, incumbent, indecent, independent, indifferent, indigent, indignant, indolent, indulgent, inefficient, infant, infrequent, ingredient, inhabitant, inhalant, inherent, innocent, inpatient, insignificant, insistent, insolent, insolvent, instant, insufficient, insurgent, intelligent, intercurrent, interdependent, intermittent, intolerant, intransigent, invariant, iridescent, irrelevant, irreverent, irritant, itinerant, jubilant, latent, leant, lenient, lieutenant, litigant, lubricant, lucent, luminescent, luxuriant, magnificent, malevolent, malignant, merchant, migrant, militant, miscreant, monovalent, mordant, mutant, nascent, negligent, noncombatant, nonexistent, nonresident, nonviolent, nutrient, obedient, observant, obsolescent, occupant, odorant, omnipotent, omnipresent, omniscient, operant, opponent, opulent, outpatient, overconfident, oxidant, pageant, parent, participant, patent, patient, peasant, penchant, pendant, penitent, pennant, percipient, permanent, persistent, pertinent, petulant, pheasant, piquant, pleasant, pliant, poignant, pollutant, potent, preadolescent, precedent, predominant, preeminent, pregnant, prescient, present, prevalent, proficient, prominent, propellant, proponent, protestant, provident, prudent, prurient, pungent, pursuant, quadrant, quiescent, quotient, radiant, rampant, reagent, recalcitrant, recent, recipient, recombinant, recurrent, redundant, refrigerant, Regent, registrant, relevant, reliant, reluctant, reminiscent, remnant, repellent, repentant, repugnant, resident, resilient, resistant, resonant, resplendent, respondent, resultant, resurgent, retardant, reticent, reverent, rodent, ruminant, salient, seafront, sealant, semipermanent, Sequent, sergeant, serpent, servant, significant, silent, solvent, somnolent, stagnant, stimulant, strident, stringent, student, subcontinent, subsequent, subservient, succulent, sufficient, supergiant, superintendent, supplicant, suppressant, surfactant, talent, tangent, tenant, tetravalent, tolerant, torrent, transcendent, transient, translucent, transparent, trenchant, trident, triumphant, truant, truculent, tumescent, turbulent, tyrant, undercurrent, unimportant, unpleasant, unrepentant, urgent, vacant, vagrant, valiant, variant, verdant, vibrant, vigilant, violent, virulent, warrant. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "d-e-e-m-n-n-o-t-w" | |
-2 letters: demeton, endnote, tenoned. | |
-3 letters: dement, demote, denote, donnee, emoted, meowed, neoned, newton, omened, tendon, toneme, townee, wonned, wonted. | |
-4 letters: demon, donee, donne, emend, emote, endow, meted, mewed, monde, monte, mowed, nomen, nonet, noted, owned, tenon, tewed, toned, tonne, towed, tweed, tween, women. | |
-5 letters: deem, deet, deme, demo, dene, dent, dome, done, dote, down, enow, meed, meet, mend, meno, meow, mete, mode, mote, mown, need, neem, nene, neon, newt, node, nome, none, note, nowt, omen, owed, teed, teem, teen, tend, toed, tome, tone, town, twee, weed, ween, weet, wend, went, wont. | |
| Words containing the letters "d-e-e-m-n-n-o-t-w" | |
+1 letter: endowments, wonderment. | |
+2 letters: wonderments. | |
+3 letters: disendowment. | |
+4 letters: disendowments. | |
+5 letters: acknowledgment. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)45 6E 64 6F 77 6D 65 6E 74 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references). -. -.. --- .--. -- . -. - |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000101 01101110 01100100 01101111 01110111 01101101 01100101 01101110 01110100 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)E n d o w m e n t |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0045 006E 0064 006F 0077 006D 0065 006E 0074 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)398070818979718086 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Quotations: Non-fiction 8. Quotations: Speeches | 9. Usage Frequency 10. Names: Company Usage 11. Expressions 12. Expressions: Internet | 13. Translations: Modern 14. Translations: Ancient 15. Derivations 16. Rhymes | 17. Anagrams 18. Orthography 19. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
