Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Elm |
ElmNoun1. Any of various trees of the genus Ulmus: important timber or shade trees. 2. Hard tough wood of an elm tree; used for e.g. implements and furniture. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "elm" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1374. (references) |
Etymology: Elm \Elm\, noun. [from Anglo-Saxon expression elm; akin to Dutch olm, Old High German. elm, German ulme, Icelandic almr, Danish Swedish alm, from Latin expression ulmus, and English alder. Compare to Old.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Computing | Elm |
Bible | Elm Hos. 4:13; rendered "terebinth" in the Revised Version. It is the Pistacia terebinthus of Linn., a tree common in Palestine, long-lived, and therefore often employed for landmarks and in designating places (Gen. 35:4; Judg. 6:11, 19. Rendered "oak" in both A.V. and R.V.). (See TEIL TREE.). Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
| Elm | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||
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| Species | ||||||||||||
| Ulmus alata - winged elm Ulmus americana - American elm Ulmus crassifolia - cedar elm Ulmus glabra - Scotch elm, Wych elm Ulmus parvifolia - Chinese elm Ulmus procera - English elm Ulmus pumila - Siberian elm Ulmus rubra - slippery elm (red elm) Ulmus thomasii - rock elm |
Species of elm are:
From the Civil War period to the early 20th century, the American Elm was the most widely planted ornamental tree in the United States and Canada. It was particularly popular for boulevard plantings in towns and cities, creating high tunneled effects that formerly characterized old towns in the U.S. Northeast. The American Elm has unique properties that made it ideal for such use:
Dutch elm disease has been devastating to elms throughout the Northern Hemisphere. This is a fungal disease that is borne by a vector, the elm-bark beetle. It affects all species of elm native to North America and Europe to some degree. Woodland trees in North America are not quite as susceptible to the disease because they usually lack the root-grafting of the urban elms and are somewhat more isolated from each other.
The disease was first introduced to North America in 1928 and has since become endemic.
Well-funded efforts to develop resistant trees have been underway since the 1960s. Research has followed two paths.
Hybridization of the American Elm with the Chinese Elm has produced trees with the greatest disease resistance. A number of named hybrids are commercially available. However, these trees have a smaller mature size and lack the vaselike form for which the American Elm was prized.
Separately, efforts have been made to develop resistant cultivars of Ulmus americana. The "Liberty Elm," available commercially, represents the results of one such effort, and though marketed as a single product, consists of five cultivars chosen at random. These cultivars were the result of field selection of trees that survived in a region where the disease was endemic, followed by 2-3 generations of selection. Some of the cultivars are patented.
The "Valley Forge" and "New Harmoney" elms are competing cultivars, produced using selection techniques similar to those used for the "Liberty Elm."
Since elm trees take decades to grow to maturity, and these introductions are recent, the performance of these trees in actual landscape conditions is not known with certainty.
A related effort is the commercial reintroduction of the "Princeton Elm," which is a cultivar selected in 1920 for its landscape qualities. Large plantings have survived the disease, and testing in laboratory conditions revealed that this cultivar has considerable resistance. (From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Rivers originating in the Elm include:
Landscape Use
From ca 1850 to 1920 the most prized small specimen elm was the Camperdown Elm, a contorted weeping mutation of the Wych Elm, grafted on a standard Wych elm trunk to give a wide, spreading and weeping fountain shape in large garden spaces.Dutch Elm Disease
Resistant Trees
Elm (range)
Cities on the edge of the Elm:
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Elm."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
ELM | English | Edge-localized mode | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: ElmSynonyms: elm tree (n), elmwood (n). (additional references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Movie/TV Titles | The Summer We Moved to Elm Street (1966) A Nightmare On Elm Street (1990) Wet Dream on Elm Street (1988) A Nightmare On Elm Street 4: The Dream Master (1988) The Elm Chanted Forest (1986) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Field windbreak of blue spruce, elm and green ash.Credit: Unknown. |  | Acrylic painting of a pair of Mallards in flight by Richard W. Plasschaert, 309 E. Elm , Waseca, Minnesota 56093. A freelance commercial and wildlife artist. Return to the Federal Duck Stamp Office Home Page. |
 | The Old Elm and the Green, New Haven, Connecticut.Credit: Library of Congress. |  | The Washington Elm, Cambridge.Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Washington Elm, Cambridge.Credit: Library of Congress. |  | People living in miserable poverty, Elm Grove, Oklahoma County, Oklahoma.Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Messrs. Kaunetz (or Kauneel), father and son, pioneers in auto trailers using yatch construction methods. Steam-bending elm. Bay City, Michigan.Credit: Library of Congress. |  | A.I. Namm & Son, business on Fulton St., Brooklyn, New York. Elm Room cafeteria I.Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Louisiana State capitol, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. South facade from left, framed under elm.Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Hamilton Watch Factory. Homes in Hamilton Park at President and Elm Ave.Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Publilius Syrus | You should go to a pear tree for pears, not to an elm. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| "Elm" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 72.54% of the time. "Elm" is used about 193 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 72.54% | 140 | 26,789 |
| Noun (proper) | 24.35% | 47 | 49,740 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 2.59% | 5 | 157,705 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.52% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 193 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "elm" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Elm | Last name | 170 | 43,922 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
Expressions using "elm": american elm ♦ cedar elm ♦ chinese elm ♦ Chinewse elm ♦ common elm ♦ cork elm ♦ dutch elm ♦ dutch elm disease ♦ dutch elm fungus ♦ dwarf elm ♦ Elm beetle ♦ Elm borer ♦ Elm butterfly ♦ Elm City ♦ Elm Creek ♦ elm family ♦ Elm Grove ♦ Elm moth ♦ Elm Mott ♦ Elm sawfly ♦ Elm Springs ♦ elm tree ♦ english elm ♦ european elm ♦ european field elm ♦ guernsey elm ♦ Huntingdon elm ♦ Jersey elm ♦ Little Elm ♦ Logan Elm Village ♦ Lone Elm ♦ Red Elm ♦ rock elm ♦ September elm ♦ siberian elm ♦ silky elm ♦ slippery elm ♦ spanish elm ♦ Sweet Elm ♦ water elm ♦ wheately elm ♦ white elm ♦ wing elm ♦ winged elm ♦ witch elm ♦ wych elm ♦ yoke elm. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "elm": elm-carved, elm-chips, elm-shaded. | |
Ending with "elm": scrubbed-elm, Weech-elm, Witch-elm, Wych-elm. | |
Containing "elm": Dutch-elm beetle. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
elm west | 382 |
elm | 359 |
elm tree | 190 |
the elm | 139 |
slippery elm | 78 |
elm isd little | 70 |
chinese elm | 70 |
elm college | 63 |
elm grove wisconsin | 62 |
elm resort | 45 |
elm furniture west | 44 |
elm street | 41 |
american elm | 39 |
elm resort and spa | 39 |
elm excelsior springs | 34 |
elm siberian | 33 |
little elm | 32 |
elm excelsior in springs | 29 |
elm hotel | 28 |
desire under the elm | 27 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "elm"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Afrikaan | olm, iep. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | vidh (elm tree). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | خشب الدردار (ash), دردار شجر. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | бряст. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 榆木, 榆樹 , 榆 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | jilm. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | elm. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | olm, iep (Irish pound). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | ulmo. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | نارون قرمز(گ.ش.). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | jalava. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | orme. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Frisian | iperenbeam. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | ulme (elm tree), rüster. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | φτελιά (elm tree). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | בוקיצ" (common elm). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | szilfa. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | olmo. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | エル"ー盤 (aerogram, angel, elbow, Electone, Electra complex, electric, electric guitar, electricity, electroluminescence, electron, electronic, electronic banking, electronic cooking, electronic cottage, electronic file, electronic mail, electronic money, electronic music, electronic office, electronic sound, electronics, elegance, elegant, elegy, element, elementary, elevation, elevator, elf, elocution, elven, encapsulation, enclosure, encode, encoder, encoding, encounter, encyclopedia, engage, engagement, engagement ring, engine, engine brake, engineer, engineering, engineering plastics, enjoy, erect, erection, erogenous zone, Eroica, Eros, erotic, erotic and grotesque, erotic and grotesque nonsense, erotic production, erotica, eroticism, erotism, erotomania, Herman, Hermes, ignition key, long-playing record, LP). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | エル . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 느릅나무. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | lhiouan. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mohawk | akaratsi (elm tree). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Norwegian | alm. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | elmay olmo (Dutch elm, elm tree, elocution, French elm, Holland elm, small-leaved leaved elm, smooth-leaved elm). (various references) ulm. (various references) вяз, ильм. (various references) leamhan. (various references) brest. (various references) olmo. (various references) alm. (various references) ไม้ใหญ่ในตระกูลอัลมัสจะผลั"ใบในฤ"ูใบไม้ร่วง, ไม้เนื้อแข็งของต้นไม้ในตระกูลอัลมัสซึ่งผลั"ใบในฤ"ูใบไม้ร่วง. (various references) karaağaç. (various references) ільм (elm tree, wych-elm), в'яз (elm tree). (various references) llwyfen. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Sumerian | 3100 BCE-2500 BCE | mi. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | Ulmus, Ulmus fulva, Ulmus rubra. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "elm": elmier, elmiest, elms, elmy. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "elm": dishelm, helm, overwhelm, skelm, underwhelm, unhelm, whelm. (additional references) | |
Words containing "elm": abelmosk, abelmosks, anthelmintic, anthelmintics, disembowelment, disembowelments, dishelmed, dishelming, dishelms, flannelmouthed, helmed, helmet, helmeted, helmeting, helmetlike, helmets, helming, helminth, helminthiases, helminthiasis, helminthic, helminthologies, helminthology, helminths, helmless, helms, helmsman, helmsmanship, helmsmanships, helmsmen, hotelman, hotelmen, overwhelmed, overwhelming, overwhelmingly, overwhelms, pelmet, pelmets, platyhelminth, platyhelminthic, platyhelminths, ravelment, ravelments, skelms, steelmaker, steelmakers, steelmaking, steelmakings, underwhelmed, underwhelming, underwhelms, unhelmed, unhelming, unhelms, wheelman, wheelmen, whelmed, whelming, whelms. (additional references) | |
| |
"Elm" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: alcm, belm, celm, ealm, eam, ebm, ecl, Edlm, edm, eem, efm, egm, ehm, eim, eimi, ejm, ekm, e'l, elam, elb, elc, elem, elg, eli, elmly, elmy, elne, elno, elo, elom, elp, elq, elu, elum, elv, elx, e'ly, elym, Emb, emg, emk, eml, Emla, Emly, emm, emmm, enm, Eom, epm, Epmd, eql, eqm, erm, etl, etm, eulx, eum, evm, ewm, exl, exm, eym, ezm, flm, ilm, iml, kelm, mlm, Nelme, rellm, relm, selm, tlm, Uml, velm. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "elm" (pronounced e"lm) |
| 3 | e" l m | helm, overwhelm, realm. |
| 2 | -l m | film, microfilm, psalm. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: mel. | |
| Words within the letters "e-l-m" | |
-1 letter: el, em, me. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-l-m" | |
+1 letter: alme, elms, elmy, helm, lame, lime, male, meal, meld, mell, mels, melt, merl, mewl, mile, mole, mule, ylem. | |
+2 letters: almeh, almes, amble, amole, ample, blame, blume, camel, celom, clime, elemi, email, flame, fleam, flume, gimel, gleam, glime, glume, golem, helms, hemal, ileum, impel, kelim, lamed, lamer, lames, leman, lemma, lemon, lemur, limed, limen, limes, limey, lumen, macle, maile, males, maple, meals, mealy, medal, melds, melee, melic, mells, melon, melts, merle, merls, metal, mewls, miler, miles, mille, model, mohel, moles, morel, motel, muled, mules, muley, oleum, plume, realm, skelm, slime, smell, smelt, smile, ulema, umbel, velum, whelm, xylem, ylems. | |
+3 letters: aflame, agleam, almehs, almner, almuce, almude, ambled, ambler, ambles, amoles, ampler, ampule, amulet, armlet, becalm, bedlam, beldam, blamed, blamer, blames, blimey, blumed, blumes, bumble, calmed, calmer, camels, camlet, celoms, cleome, climes, coelom, comely, compel, cormel, culmed, damsel, delime, dermal, dimple, dolmen, elemis, elmier, emails, embalm, emblem, emboli, emboly, empale, employ, enamel, female, filmed, filmer, fimble, flambe, flamed, flamen, flamer, flames, fleams, flumed, flumes, flymen, fumble, gamble, gamely, gimels, gimlet, gleams, gleamy, glimed, glimes, glumes, golems, haemal, hamlet, helium, helmed, helmet, hiemal, homely, humble, illume, impale, impels, jumble, kelims, kummel, lambed, lamber, lambie, lamedh, lameds, lamely, lament, lamest, lamiae, lammed, lamped, lawmen, laymen, legman, legmen, legume, lemans, lemmas, lemons, lemony, lemurs, lexeme, limbed, limber, limens, limeys, limier, limmer, limned, limner, limped, limper, limpet, loamed, lomein, loment, loomed, lumber, lumens, lumped, lumpen, lumper, luteum, lyceum, mackle, macled, macles, macule, maglev, mailed, mailer, mailes, malate, malfed, malgre, malice, maline, malled, mallee, mallei, mallet, malted, mangel, mangle, mantel, mantle, maples, marble, marcel, marled, marvel, mauled, mauler, mealie, meanly, measle, measly, meatal, medals, meddle, medfly, medial, medlar, medley, meekly, meetly, megilp, meikle, melded, melder, melees, melled, mellow, melody, meloid, melons, melted, melter, melton, menial, mensal, mental, merely, merles, merlin, merlon, merlot, mescal, mesial, metals, methyl, mettle, mewled, mewler, mezcal, micell, mickle, middle, midleg, miggle, milage, milden, milder, mildew, milers, milieu, milked, milker, milled, miller, milles, millet, milneb, milted, milter, mingle, misled, mislie, missel, mizzle, mobile, mobled, models, module, mohels, moiled, moiler, molded, molder, molest, molies, moline, mollie, molted, molten, molter, mooley, morale, morels, morsel, motels, motile, motley, mottle, muckle, muddle, muesli, muffle, muleta, muleys, mulled, mullen, muller, mullet, mulley, mumble, muscle, mussel, mutely, mutuel, mutule, muzzle, mycele, myelin, myrtle, myself, namely, nimble, oilmen, oleums, omelet, osmole, palmed, palmer, pelmet, peplum, phlegm, phloem, pileum, pimple, plenum, plumed, plumes, pomelo, pommel, prelim, pumelo, pummel, ramble, realms, refilm, relume, remail, remelt, remold, rimple, rumble, rumple, samiel, samlet, sample, seemly, seldom, semple, simile, simnel, simple, skelms, slimed, slimes, smells, smelly, smelts, smiled, smiler, smiles, smiley, solemn, tamale, tamely, telium, telome, temple, termly, timely, tramel, tumble, ulemas, umbels, umbles, unhelm, vellum, volume, wadmel, wamble, whelms, wimble, wimple, xylems. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)45 6C 6D |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references). .-.. -- |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000101 01101100 01101101 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)E l m |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0045 006C 006D |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)397879 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Familiar | 9. Usage Frequency 10. Names: Frequency 11. Expressions 12. Expressions: Internet | 13. Translations: Modern 14. Translations: Ancient 15. Abbreviations 16. Acronyms | 17. Derivations 18. Rhymes 19. Anagrams 20. Orthography | 21. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
