ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER

Specialty Definition: ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER

Domain	Definition
Mining	Helmholtz layer. Zone that surrounds a particle in aqueous suspension or other electrolyte. Transition zone between the monomolecular zone of shear immediately coupled ionically to the discontinuity lattice at the particle's surface and the normal aqueous phase that exists from 50 to 5,000 Aa and beyond. This zone of change contains a superconcentration of ions drawn from the normal population of the liquid phase.See also:zeta potential. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Specialty Definition: Electrical double layer

Historical development of double layer models

The earliest model of the electrical double layer is usually attributed to Helmholtz (1879). Helmholtz treated the double layer mathematically as a simple capacitor, based on a physical model in which a single layer of ions is adsorbed at the surface.

Later Gouy and Chapman (1910-1913) made significant improvements by introducing a diffuse model of the electrical double layer, in which the potential at a surface decreases exponentially due to adsorbed counter-ions from the solution.

The current classical electrical double layer is the Gouy-Chapman-Stern model, which combines the Helmholtz single adsorbed layer with the Gouy-Chapman diffuse layer. Important approximations used in this model are:

Ions are effectively point charges
The only significant interactions are coulombic
Electrical permittivity is constant throughout the double layer
The solvent is uniform at the atomic scale

45 4C 45 43 54 52 49 43 41 4C 44 4F 55 42 4C 45 4C 41 59 45 52

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01000101 01001100 01000101 01000011 01010100 01010010 01001001 01000011 01000001 01001100 00100000 01000100 01001111 01010101 01000010 01001100 01000101 00100000 01001100 01000001 01011001 01000101 01010010

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#69 &#76 &#69 &#67 &#84 &#82 &#73 &#67 &#65 &#76 &#32 &#68 &#79 &#85 &#66 &#76 &#69 &#32 &#76 &#65 &#89 &#69 &#82

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0045 004C 0045 0043 0054 0052 0049 0043 0041 004C 0044 004F 0055 0042 004C 0045 004C 0041 0059 0045 0052

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

Domain	Title
Books	Electrical Double Layer at a Metal-Dilute Electrolyte Solution Interface (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER

Specialty Definition: ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER

Mining

Specialty Definition: Electrical double layer

Historical development of double layer models

Crosswords: ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER

Commercial Usage: ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER

Books

Alternative Orthography: ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER

45 4C 45 43 54 52 49 43 41 4C 44 4F 55 42 4C 45 4C 41 59 45 52

01000101 01001100 01000101 01000011 01010100 01010010 01001001 01000011 01000001 01001100 00100000 01000100 01001111 01010101 01000010 01001100 01000101 00100000 01001100 01000001 01011001 01000101 01010010

&#69 &#76 &#69 &#67 &#84 &#82 &#73 &#67 &#65 &#76 &#32 &#68 &#79 &#85 &#66 &#76 &#69 &#32 &#76 &#65 &#89 &#69 &#82

0045 004C 0045 0043 0054 0052 0049 0043 0041 004C 0044 004F 0055 0042 004C 0045 004C 0041 0059 0045 0052

39463937545243373546238495536463924635593952

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