Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Definition: Edification |
EdificationNoun1. Uplifting enlightenment. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "edification" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1415. (references) |
Synonym: EdificationSynonym: sophistication (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Learning | Noun: learning; acquisition of knowledge; acquisition of skill; acquirement, attainment; edification, scholarship, erudition; acquired knowledge, lore, wide information; self-instruction; study, reading, perusal; inquiry. |
Piety | Noun: piety, religion, theism, faith; religiousness, holiness; Adjective: saintship; religionism; sanctimony; (assumed piety); reverence; (respect); humility, veneration, devotion; prostration; (worship); grace, unction, edification; sanctity, sanctitude; consecration. |
Production | Noun: {ant., } production, creation, construction, formation, fabrication, manufacture; building, architecture, erection, edification; coinage; diaster; organization; nisus formativus; putting together; Verb: establishment; workmanship, performance; achievement; (completion). |
Teaching | Noun: teaching;Verb: instruction; edification; education; tuition; tutorage, tutelage; direction, guidance; opsimathy. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Edification |
| English words defined with "edification": Edificatory ♦ knell ♦ ring. (references) |
| Domain | Title |
Books |
|
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Edification" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Edification" is used about 20 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 20 | 78,262 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
edification | 9 |
edification ropy | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "edification"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | udhëzim (direction, directive, instruction, lecture, manual), ngritje morale. (various references) | |
Arabic | تهذيب (breeding, cultivation, culture, discipline, expurgation, polish, politeness, precept, pruning, purgation, refinement, reformation, retouch, revision, sublimation, urbanity), تنوير (enlightenment, illumination, schooling), تثقيف (culture). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | наставление (monition, precept), назидание (example). (various references) | |
Czech | pouèení (enlightenment, teaching). (various references) | |
Farsi | تهذیب اخلاق (Regeneration), تهذیب (Polish, Refinement, Reformation), تقدیس (Canonization, Veneration), تعلیم (Doctrine, Tuition). (various references) | |
Finnish | mielenylennys. (various references) | |
French | instruction (education), édification. (various references) | |
German | Errichtung (construction, erection, establishment, location, setting up). (various references) | |
Greek | εποικοδόμηση, διάπλαση (conformation, shape, shaping), διαπαιδαγώγηση (education). (various references) | |
Hungarian | tanulság (lesson, moral, moral of a fable), okulás, épülés. (various references) | |
Italian | edificazione. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | "発 (development, enlightenment). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | けいはつ (development, enlightenment), けいてき (alarm, enlightenment, foghorn, formidable foe, guide, horn, whistle). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | edificationay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | decreto (act, appointment, by law, decree, enactment, fiat, order, ordinance, proclamation, statute, writ). (various references) | |
Romanian | educaţie intelectualã şi moralã, sfaturi. (various references) | |
Russian | наставление (exhortation, monition, precept), назидание. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | prosvećivanje. (various references) | |
Spanish | edificación (erection, uplift). (various references) | |
Swedish | uppbyggelse. (various references) | |
Turkish | yetiştirme (breeding, cultivation, culture, growing, nurture, upbringing), terbiye etme, aydınlatma (clarification, elucidation, enlightenment, illumination, irradiation, lighting), ahlâkını yükseltme. (various references) | |
Ukranian | спорудження (framing), напучення (admonishment, precept), будинок (center, centre, house), повчання (moral), побудова (erection). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sự soi sáng (irradiation), sự mở mang trí óc (illumination). (various references) | |
Welsh | adeiladaeth (architecture, building, construction). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | aedificatio, aedificatione, aedificationem, aedificationes, aedificationi, aedificationis. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Romans Chapter 15, Verse 2 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | EkastoV gar hmwn tw plhsion aresketw eiV to agaqon proV oikodomhn |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Unusquisque vestrum proximo suo placeat in bonum ad aedificationem |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | Ure gehwa sceal gecweman his nehstan for his gode, þæt we hine gestrangien. |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | Eche of vs plese to his neiybore in good, to edificacioun. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | Let every man please his neghbour vnto his welth and edyfyinge. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | Let every one of us please his neighbour for his good to edification. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | Let every one of us please his neighbor for his good to edification. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | Let every one of us give pleasure to his neighbour for his good, to make him strong. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Romans Chapter 15, Verse 2 |
| Bulgarian | Защото казвам, че Христос, заради Божията вярност, стана служител на обрязаните, за да утвърди обещанията дадени на бащите, |
| Cebuano | Ang matag-usa kanato kinahanglan magapahimuot sa iyang silingan alang sa kaayohan niini niya, aron sa paglig-on kaniya. |
| Chinese | 我 們 各 人 務 要 叫 鄰 舍 喜 悅 、 使 他 得 益 處 、 建 立 德 行 。 |
| Croatian | Svaki od nas neka ugaða bližnjemu na dobro, na izgraðivanje. |
| Danish | Enhver af os være sin Næste til Behag til det gode, til Opbyggelse. |
| Dutch | Dat dan een iegelijk van ons zijn naaste behage ten goede, tot stichting. |
| Finnish | Olkoon kukin meistä lähimmäiselleen mieliksi hänen parhaaksensa, että hän rakentuisi. |
| French | Que chacun de nous complaise au prochain pour ce qui est bien en vue de l`édification. |
| German | Es stelle sich ein jeglicher unter uns also, daß er seinem Nächsten gefalle zum Guten, zur Besserung. |
| Haitian Creole | Okontrè, se pou nou chak chache fè frè parèy nou plezi pou byen l', konsa n'a fè l' grandi nan konfyans li nan Bondye. |
| Hungarian | Mindenikünk tudniillik az õ felebarátjának kedveskedjék annak javára, épülésére. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Sebaliknya kita masing-masing harus menyenangkan hati sesama saudara kita untuk kebaikannya, supaya keyakinannya bertambah kuat. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Biarlah masing-masing kita menyukakan sama-sama manusia di dalam hal yang baik akan meneguhkan iman. |
| Italian | Ciascuno di noi cerchi di compiacere il prossimo nel bene, per edificarlo. |
| Korean | 우 리 각 사 람 이 이 웃 을 기 쁘 게 하 되 을 이 루 덕 을 세 우 도 록 지 니 라 |
| Latvian | Katrs no jums lai izpatîk savam tuvâkajam uz labu, lai viòu celtu! |
| Maori | Me whai tena, tena o tatou kia ahuareka mai tona hoa, tona hoa mo te mea e pai ana hei hanga i tona whakapono. |
| Modern Greek | Αλλ' εκαστος ημων ας αρεσκη εις τον πλησιον δια το καλον προς οικοδομην· |
| Norwegian | enhver av oss være sin næste til behag, til hans gagn, til opbyggelse! |
| Portuguese | Portanto cada um de nós agrade ao seu próximo, visando o que é bom para edificação. |
| Rumanian | Fiecare din noi sq placq aproapelui, kn ce este bine, kn vederea zidirii altora. |
| Russian | лБЦ"ЩК ЙЪ ОБУ "ПМЦЕО ХЗПЦ"БФШ 'МЙЦОЕНХ, ЧП 'МБЗП, Л ОБЪЙ"БОЙА. |
| Shuar | Chíkich shuar wakeramu Enentáimtustiniaitji. Tura Yusjai nu nankaamas shiir wekasatniun Yáinminiaitkiui Túratniuitji. |
| Spanish | Cada uno de nosotros agrade a su prójimo para el bien, con miras a la edificación. |
| Swahili | Kila mmoja wetu anapaswa kumpendeza jirani yake kwa wema ili huyo apate kujijenga katika imani. |
| Swedish | Var och en av oss må leva sin nästa till behag, honom till fromma och honom till uppbyggelse. |
| Thai | เราทุกคนจงกระทำให้เพื่อนบ้านพอใจ เพื่อนำประโยชน์และความเจริญมาให้เขา |
| Ukrainian | Кожен із нас нехай догоджа" ближньому на добро для збудування. |
| Uma | Butu dua-ta kana mpobabehi to mpakagoe' nono doo pai' to mpotulungi doo, bona mporohoi pepangala' -ra. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "edification": edifications. (additional references) | |
| |
"Edification" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: decification, diffiation, dification, eddification, edfication, edifacation, edificatio, edificution, editication. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "edification" (pronounced e'dufukā"shun) |
| 9 | -d u f u k ā" sh u n | acidification, codification, modification. |
| 8 | -u f u k ā" sh u n | amplification, certification, classification, decertification, deification, disqualification, diversification, falsification, fortification, gasification, gratification, identification, intensification, magnification, notification, nullification, ossification, pacification, personification, purification, qualification, quantification, ramification, ratification, recertification, reclassification, rectification, reunification, sanctification, saponification, unification, verification, vilification. |
| 7 | -f u k ā" sh u n | pontification, suffocation. |
| 6 | -u k ā" sh u n | adjudication, advocation, allocation, application, authentication, avocation, communication, complication, convocation, dedication, desiccation, domestication, duplication, education, equivocation, eradication, excommunication, explication, implication, indication, intoxication, invocation, medication, misallocation, misapplication, miscommunication, multiplication, prefabrication, prognostication, provocation, reallocation, rededication, replication, revocation, vindication. |
| 5 | -k ā" sh u n | abdication, altercation, bifurcation, clarification, confiscation, demarcation, detoxication, detoxification, disembarkation, dislocation, echolocation, electrification, embarkation, evocation, fabrication, gentrification, glorification, indemnification, justification, location, lubrication, misidentification, mummification, obfuscation, publication, relocation, simplification, sophistication, specification, syndication, telecommunication, vacation, vocation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abbreviation, aberration, abomination, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accumulation, accusation, activation, adaptation, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, alphabetization, alteration, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authorization, automation, aviation, balkanization, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, cessation, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, coagulation, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communization, compensation, compilation, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, divination, documentation, domination, donation, dramatization, duration, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equitation, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, exploitation, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, facilitation, fascination, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gastrulation, generalization, generation, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, gradation, graduation, granulation, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indentation, indexation, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, machination, magnetization, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscreation, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modulation, molestation, monopolization, motivation, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, nucleation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, popularization, population, precipitation, predestination, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, punctuation, quotation, radiation, radicalization, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recitation, reclamation, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, recuperation, redecoration, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanitation, saturation, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, specialization, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, summation, superstation, tabulation, taxation, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, ventilation, vibration, victimization, violation, visitation, visualization, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: deification. | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-d-e-f-i-i-i-n-o-t" | |
-2 letters: dietician. | |
-3 letters: actinide, actinoid, catenoid, citified, ctenidia, diatonic, ideation, indicate, iodinate, notified. | |
-4 letters: aconite, codeina, confide, conidia, ctenoid, defiant, deficit, deontic, diction, edition, faciend, faction, factoid, fainted, fancied, fatidic, fiction, identic, idiotic, incited, indicia, inedita, noticed, tacnode. | |
-5 letters: acetin, acnode, action, aeonic, anodic, atoned, atonic, cadent, canoed, canted, cation, centai, citied, coated, codeia, codein, coedit, coifed, coined, confit, dacoit, deacon, decant, deific, detain, docent, donate, enatic, fadein, fantod, fiance, finite, foetid, foined, incite, indict, indite, infect, iodate, iodine, noetic, notice, octane, tineid. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-d-e-f-i-i-i-n-o-t" | |
+1 letter: deifications, edifications. | |
+2 letters: densification, fictionalised, fictionalized. | |
+3 letters: denazification, densifications, detoxification, identification, recodification. | |
+4 letters: confidentiality, deacidification, decalcification, decertification, demystification, denazifications, denitrification, desertification, detoxifications, devitrification, diversification, identifications, indemnification, premodification, recodifications. | |
+5 letters: deacidifications, decalcifications, decertifications, declassification, dehumidification, demystifications, denitrifications, desertifications, devitrifications, diversifications, indemnifications, premodifications, resolidification. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)45 64 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references). -.. .. ..-. .. -.-. .- - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000101 01100100 01101001 01100110 01101001 01100011 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)E d i f i c a t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0045 0064 0069 0066 0069 0063 0061 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)3970757275696786758180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Usage Frequency 6. Expressions: Internet 7. Translations: Modern 8. Translations: Ancient | 9. Bible Trace 10. Derivations 11. Rhymes 12. Anagrams | 13. Orthography 14. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.