Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Echinoderm |
EchinodermNoun1. Marine invertebrates with tube feet and calcite-covered five-part radially symmetrical bodies. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "echinoderm" was first used: 1835. (references) |
Crosswords: Echinoderm |
| English words defined with "echinoderm": ambulacrum ♦ Bivium ♦ echinoderm family, echinoderm genus ♦ holothurian ♦ Perisome ♦ sea cucumber, Sucker tube ♦ tube foot. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Echinoderms (Echinodermata) is a phylum of marine animals found in the ocean at all depths. This phylum dates back to the lower Cambrian period and represents about 7000 living species and 13000 extinct ones. 6 classes made it to the Modern Era, they include Crinoidea, which are sea lilies and feather stars; Asteroidea, which are sea stars; Ophiuroidea, like the baster stars and britle stars; Echinoidea, that include sea urchins and sand dollars; class Holothuroidea, the sea cucumbers; and finally class Concentrcycloidea, sea daisies. Fossil forms included Blastoids, Edrioasteroids and several peculiar Early Cambrian animals such as Helioplacus, Carpoids, Homalozoa and possibly Machaerids.
They evolved from bilaterally symmetric creatures. Later forms were lopsided. The Echinoderms larvae are ciliated free-swimming organisms that organize in a bilaterally symmetric fashion that makes them look like embryonic chordates. Later, the left side of the body grows at the expense of the right side, which is eventually absorbed. The left side then grows in a pentaradially symmetric fashion, in which the body is arranged in five parts around a central axis.
All echinoderms exhibit fivefold radial symmetry in portions of their body at some stage of life, even if they have secondary bilateral symmetry. They also have a mesodermal endoskeleton made of tiny calcified (CaCO3) plates and spines, that forms a rigid support contained whithin tissues of the organism; some groups have modified spines called pedicellariae that keep the animal free of debris.
Echinoderms possess a hydraulic water vascular system, a network of fluid-filled canals that function in locomotion, feeding, and gas exchange. They also possess an open and reduced circulatory system, and have a complete digestive tube (tubular gut).
They have a simple radial nervous system that consists of a modified nerve net (interconnected neurons with no central organs); nerve rings with radiating nerves around the mouth extending into each arm; the branches of these nerves coordinate the movements of the animal. Echinoderms have no brain.
The sexes are usually separate, and eggs and sperms are generally released into the water, in which case fertilization takes place externally.
Echinoderms, like chordates are deuterostomes and are therefore thought to be the most closely related of the major phyla to the chordates, being a sister group to chordates plus hemichordates. (Some believe that acorn worms are more closely related to echidnoderms than chordates.) Because of a controversial interpretation of Homalozoa, a minority of classifiers place the echidnoderms into the Chordata.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Echinoderm."
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Echinoderm" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 95.24% of the time. "Echinoderm" is used about 21 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 95.24% | 20 | 78,262 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 4.76% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 21 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "echinoderm": echinoderm family ♦ echinoderm genus. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "echinoderm": echinoderm-like. | |
Ending with "echinoderm": pre-echinoderm, proto-echinoderm. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
echinoderm | 15 |
development echinoderm | 3 |
echinoderm picture | 3 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "echinoderm"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Japanese Kanji | 棘皮動物 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | きょくひどうぶつ. (various references) | |
Korean | 극"동물. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | echinodermay.(various references) | |
Thai | สัตว์ทะเลในไฟลัม Echinodermata เช่น ปลา"าว. (various references) | |
Turkish | derisi dikenliler. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Greek | 700 BCE-300 CE | ekhinos. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | Echinodermata. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "echinoderm": echinodermatous, echinoderms. (additional references) | |
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"Echinoderm" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Echinodermata. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "c-d-e-e-h-i-m-n-o-r" | |
-1 letter: coinhered. | |
-2 letters: choremen, chromide, coinhere, domineer, endermic, enriched, mediocre, recoined, richened. | |
-3 letters: cheerio, chimere, chirmed, choired, chorine, chromed, codeine, cohered, demonic, dormice, emeroid, encoder, encored, endemic, ermined, hedonic, heirdom, herdmen, heroine, homered, hordein, incomer, inhered, minored, moderne, ochered. | |
-4 letters: cheder, cheero, chider, chimed, chimer, chined, chored, chrome, cinder, codein, coheir, cohere, coined, coiner, corned, decern, dehorn, deicer, denier, dermic, dinero, domine, dormie, dormin, dreich, drench, echoed, echoer, edenic, emerod, emodin, encode, encore, enrich, ermine, heired, hemoid, herdic, herein, hereon, heroic, heroin, hinder, hoiden, homier, honied, horned, icemen, inched, income, inhere, ironed, medico, mender, menhir, merino, miched, micron, minced, mincer, minder, modern, monied, moreen, nereid, niched, nimrod, nordic, normed, ochred, omened, orcein, orchid, oreide, recode, recoin, redone, reecho, reined, remend, remind, rhodic, richen, rodmen. | |
-5 letters: ceder, cered, cheer, chemo, chide, chime, chine, chino, chirm, chiro, choir, chord, chore, cider, coden, coder, comer, coned, cored, credo, creed, creme, cried, crime, crone, decor, deice, demon, denim, dicer, diene, dimer, diner, domic, donee, drone, eched, eider, emend, ender, enorm, erode, heder, hemic, hemin, hence, heron, hider, hired, homed, homer, honed, honer, horde, ichor, irone, medic, merde, miche, micro, mince, mined, miner, minor, mired, moire, monde, monie, nicer, niche, niece, ocher, ochre, ohmic, orcin, recon, redon, rehem, rhino, riced, rimed. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-d-e-e-h-i-m-n-o-r" | |
+1 letter: echinoderms, endothermic. | |
+3 letters: comprehending, dysmenorrheic. | |
+4 letters: comprehendible, nephrectomized. | |
+5 letters: echinodermatous, uncomprehending. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)45 63 68 69 6E 6F 64 65 72 6D |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references). -.-. .... .. -. --- -.. . .-. -- |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000101 01100011 01101000 01101001 01101110 01101111 01100100 01100101 01110010 01101101 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)E c h i n o d e r m |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0045 0063 0068 0069 006E 006F 0064 0065 0072 006D |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)39697475808170718479 |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Commercial 4. Images: Slideshow | 5. Usage Frequency 6. Expressions 7. Expressions: Internet 8. Translations: Modern | 9. Translations: Ancient 10. Derivations 11. Anagrams 12. Orthography | 13. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
