Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Domestication |
DomesticationNoun1. Adaptation to intimate association with human beings. 2. The attribute of having been domesticated. 3. Accommodation to domestic life; "her explorer husband resisted all her attempts at domestication". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "domestication" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1837. (references) |
Etymology: Domestication \Do*mes`ti*ca"tion\, noun. [Compare to the French expression domestication.]. (Websters 1913) |
Synonym: DomesticationSynonym: tameness (n). (additional references) |
| Antonym: wildness (n). (additional references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Domesticated animals and plants are those species whose breeding and living conditions are under human control for the purposes of using them for food, as an aid to work, or as a pet.
Petting is the act of a human stroking an animal for mutual pleasure.
Domesticated species, when bred for tractability, companionship or ornamentation rather than for survival, can often fall prey to disease: several sub-species of apples or cattle, for example, face extinction; and many dogs with very respectable pedigrees appear prone to genetic problems.
One side-effect of domestication has been disease. For example, cattle have given humanity various viral poxes, measles, and tuberculosis; pigs gave influenza; and horses the rhinoviruses. Humans share over sixty diseases with dogs. Many parasites also have their origins in domestic animals.
Domestication of Animals
According to physiologist Jared Diamond, animal species must meet six criteria, in order to be considered for domestication (see also Guns, Germs and Steel).
The boundaries between surviving wild populations and domestic clades of elephants, for example, can become vague. This is due to the slow growth. Similar problems of definition arise when, say, cats go feral. A classification that can help solve this confusion is, in order of increasing domestication,
The first domestic animal was probably the dog, possibly as early as 11000 BCE. The next three - the goat, sheep and pig - were domesticated around 8000 BCE, all in western Asia. The cow followed around 6000 BCE The horse was domesticated first in northern Russia, around 4000 BCE. Local equivalents and smaller species were domesticated from the 2500s BCE.Limits on Domestication
Despite long enthusiasm about revolutionary progress in farming, few crops and probably even fewer animals ever became domesticated. While the process continues with plants (berryfruits, for example), it appears to have ceased with animals.Categories of Domesticated Organisms
Domesticated organisms and formal or informal biological categories that include domesticated individuals are the subjects of the following Wikipedia articles:
See also
See also: agriculture, feral, animal husbandryReference
Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs and Steel; a short history of everybody for the last 13,000 years, Jonathan Cape, London: 1979.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Domestication."
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Husbandry | Noun: husbandry, taming. Verb: circuration, zoohygiantics; domestication, domesticity; manege, veterinary art; farriery; breeding, pisciculture. |
Location | Plantation, colony, settlement, cantonment; colonization, domestication, situation; habitation; (abode); cohabitation; "a local habitation and a name"; endenization, naturalization. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Domestication |
| English words defined with "domestication": Wild bee. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "domestication": Woman. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Domestication" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses. French (domestication). |
| Domain | Title |
Books |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | WOMAN, n. An animal usually living in the vicinity of Man, and having a rudimentary susceptibility to domestication. It is credited by many of the elder zoologists with a certain vestigial docility acquired in a former state of seclusion, but naturalists of the postsusananthony period, having no knowledge of the seclusion, deny the virtue and declare that such as creation's dawn beheld, it roareth now. The species is the most widely distributed of all beasts of prey, infesting all habitable parts of the globe, from Greeland's spicy mountains to India's moral strand. The popular name (wolfman) is incorrect, for the creature is of the cat kind. The woman is lithe and graceful in its movement, especially the American variety (felis pugnans), is omnivorous and can be taught not to talk. Balthasar Pober |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Domestication" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Domestication" is used about 41 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 41 | 53,521 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
domestication | 271 |
domestication catalog | 36 |
dog domestication | 9 |
animal domestication | 5 |
domestication bedding | 4 |
domestication coupon | 4 |
domestication magazine | 3 |
domestication horse | 3 |
cat domestication | 2 |
animal domestication wild | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "domestication"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | zbutje (alleviation, amortization, appeasement, attenuation, creep, extenuation, maceration, malaxation, mitigation, mollification, propitiation, reclamation, relaxation, relief, softening). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | تمدن (domesticate, urbanization), ترويض (schooling, taming, training), أهلية (aptitude, aptly, competence, desert, legitimacy, neatness, qualification, qualifications). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | култивиране (cultivation, reclamation, tilth), опитомяване (taming), домошарство (home-keeping). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 驯化 (Domesticate, Domesticated, Domesticating). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | domestikace. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | domestikering, domestikation (breaking in), taemning (breaking in). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | domesticatie, temmen (tame, train). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | domestikaatio (breaking in), opettaminen (breaking in), kouluttaminen (breaking in), kesyttäminen (breaking in). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | domestication. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Domestikation, Zähmen (control, domesticate, tame, to domesticate). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | εξημέρωση (breaking in). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | ביות. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | megszelídítés, domesztikáció. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | scozzonatura (breaking in), addomesticamento (breaking in). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 순" (Fining, Purifying). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | thieoilys, meeinaghey (abate; amelioration, abatement, allay, alleviate, alleviation, assuagement, moderate, soften, tame, taming). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | omesticationday domesticação. (various references) domesticire (taming), civilizare, ataşament faţã de casã, aclimatizare (acclimation, acclimatization). (various references) приручение. (various references) pripitomljenje, ljubav prema kući. (various references) domesticación (reclamation). (various references) domesticering (breaking in). (various references) yuva sevgisi, uygarlaştırma (civilization), kültürleme, evcilleştirme (taming), evcilleşme, ehlileştirme. (various references) акліматизація (acclimation, acclimatization, naturalization), любов до рідної домівки, приручення. (various references) tính thích ru rú xó nh . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "domestication": domestications. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "domestication": semidomestication. (additional references) | |
Words containing "domestication": semidomestications. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "domestication" (pronounced dume'stukā"shun) |
| 8 | -s t u k ā" sh u n | prognostication. |
| 7 | -t u k ā" sh u n | authentication. |
| 6 | -u k ā" sh u n | acidification, adjudication, advocation, allocation, amplification, application, avocation, certification, classification, codification, communication, complication, convocation, decertification, dedication, deification, desiccation, disqualification, diversification, duplication, edification, education, equivocation, eradication, excommunication, explication, falsification, fortification, gasification, gratification, identification, implication, indication, intensification, intoxication, invocation, magnification, medication, misallocation, misapplication, miscommunication, modification, multiplication, notification, nullification, ossification, pacification, personification, pontification, prefabrication, provocation, purification, qualification, quantification, ramification, ratification, reallocation, recertification, reclassification, rectification, rededication, replication, reunification, revocation, sanctification, saponification, suffocation, unification, verification, vilification, vindication. |
| 5 | -k ā" sh u n | abdication, altercation, bifurcation, clarification, confiscation, demarcation, detoxication, detoxification, disembarkation, dislocation, echolocation, electrification, embarkation, evocation, fabrication, gentrification, glorification, indemnification, justification, location, lubrication, misidentification, mummification, obfuscation, publication, relocation, simplification, sophistication, specification, syndication, telecommunication, vacation, vocation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abbreviation, aberration, abomination, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accumulation, accusation, activation, adaptation, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, alphabetization, alteration, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authorization, automation, aviation, balkanization, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, cessation, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, coagulation, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communization, compensation, compilation, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, divination, documentation, domination, donation, dramatization, duration, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equitation, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, exploitation, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, facilitation, fascination, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gastrulation, generalization, generation, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, gradation, graduation, granulation, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indentation, indexation, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, machination, magnetization, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscreation, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modulation, molestation, monopolization, motivation, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, nucleation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, popularization, population, precipitation, predestination, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, punctuation, quotation, radiation, radicalization, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recitation, reclamation, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, recuperation, redecoration, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanitation, saturation, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, specialization, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, summation, superstation, tabulation, taxation, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, ventilation, vibration, victimization, violation, visitation, visualization, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-d-e-i-i-m-n-o-o-s-t-t" | |
-2 letters: decimations, endomitotic, medications, meditations. | |
-3 letters: anecdotist, decimation, diatomites, dictations, eicosanoid, estimation, mastodonic, mediations, medication, meditation, midsection. | |
-4 letters: actinides, actinoids, andesitic, antidotes, atomistic, catenoids, citations, coattends, coinmates, comedians, dacoities, daintiest, demoniacs, demotions, diatomite, dictation, dittanies, dominates, dotations, economist, encomiast, ideations, indicates, intimated, intimates, iodations, iodinates, isooctane, manicotti, mastodont, mediation, ministate, misatoned, miscoined, monoacids, onomastic. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-d-e-i-i-m-n-o-o-s-t-t" | |
+1 letter: domestications. | |
+3 letters: codeterminations, decontaminations, democratizations. | |
+4 letters: semidomestication. | |
+5 letters: semidomestications. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)44 6F 6D 65 73 74 69 63 61 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)-.. --- -- . ... - .. -.-. .- - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000100 01101111 01101101 01100101 01110011 01110100 01101001 01100011 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)D o m e s t i c a t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0044 006F 006D 0065 0073 0074 0069 0063 0061 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)38817971858675696786758180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Quotations: Non-fiction 7. Usage Frequency 8. Expressions: Internet | 9. Translations: Modern 10. Derivations 11. Rhymes 12. Anagrams | 13. Orthography 14. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
