Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Domestic |
DomesticAdjective1. Of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation; "domestic issues such as tax rate and highway construction". 2. Of or relating to the home; "domestic servant"; "domestic science". 3. Of or involving the home or family; "domestic worries"; "domestic happiness"; "they share the domestic chores"; "everything sounded very peaceful and domestic"; "an author of blood-and-thunder novels yet quite domestic in his taste". 4. Converted or adapted to domestic use; "domestic animals"; "domesticated plants like maize". 5. Produced in a particular country; "domestic wine"; "domestic oil". Noun1. A household servant. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "domestic" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1380. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Literature | Domestic England's domestic poet. William Cowper, author of The Task. (1731-1800.). Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Statistics | It means the territory of a Member State. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This article deals with the domestic cat. For other species of the cat family, please see Felidae.
Cat Typical short-haired domestic cat Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Genus: Felis Species: silvestris Subspecies: catus The cat, Felis silvestris catus, is a small feline carnivore that has been domesticated for several millennia. The term cat most commonly means a domestic cat, although it can also be used to refer to the other members of the feline family. For example lions, tigers, jaguars and the like are often referred to as the big cats.
Physiology
The physiology of cats is fairly consistent, especially when compared to the other most common domestic animal, the dog. Cats typically weigh somewhere in the range of 5 to 7 kg (10 to 15 pounds), rarely over 9 kg (20 pounds). In captivity cats typically live 10 to 15 years, though the oldest known cat lived to age 34. Domestic cats, on average, live longer if they are not permitted to go outdoors, and if they are spayed or neutered.
Cats (including domesticated cats) have a scent organ in the roof of their mouths called the vomeronasal, or Jacobson's Organ. When a cat wrinkles its muzzle, raises its chin, and lets its tongue hang a bit, it is opening the passage to the vomeronasal. This is called the flehman response.
The wild ancestor of the cat is believed to have been from a desert climate, and cats display behaviours associated with such creatures. They enjoy heat and sunning themselves. Their feces are usually very dry and cats prefer to bury them in sandy places. They are able to stay unmoving in one place for long periods of time, usually when observing prey. In North Africa there are still small wildcats that are probably the ancestors of todays domesticated breeds.
Baby cats are known as kittens, which is the same term used for baby squirrels.
The sound a cat makes is written "meow" in American English, "miaow" in British English and "mjá" in icelandic. Cats can also produce a purring noise, in the presence of their humans, that is immensely pleasurable to many humans. Some cats growl when they see other cats on their territory.
History and mythology
The cat was first domesticated by the Ancient Egyptians in 4000 BC, to keep mice and rats away from their grain stores. They regarded cats as embodiments of the goddess Bast; the penalty for killing a cat was death, and when a cat died it was sometimes mummified in the same way as a human. In the Middle Ages, though, cats were often thought to be witches' familiars. Today some people believe that white cats are unlucky, or that it is unlucky if a black cat crosses your path, but others believe that black cats are lucky.
The Cat is one of the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the Vietnamese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar.
Domestication
Cats are kept for companionship as pets, and to hunt mice and rats. Farms often have dozens of cats, living semi-wild in the barns. Hunting in the barns and the fields, they kill and eat rodents that would otherwise eat large parts of the grain crop. (Many pet cats successfully hunt and kill mice, birds and fish by instinct, but may not eat their prey.) Feral cats may live alone or in large groups with communal nurseries, depending on resource availability.
Like many other domesticated animals, cats lived in a mutualistic arrangement with humans. The benefit of removing rats and mice from humans' food stores outweighed the cost of allowing a formerly-wild animal to enjoy the relative safety of a human settlement; hence, the relationship between cat and human has continued. However, unlike other domesticated species, housecats' ancestors did not hunt socially or enjoy the safety of a herd, as other domesticated animals did. This evolutionary history may be the reason cats do not 'understand' the desires of humans in the same way that dogs do; before humans, cats had fewer social relationships to benefit from. This may also contribute to a sense common among pet owners that cats are both more aloof and more self-sufficient than other pets. However, cats can be very affectionate towards their humans, especially if they imprint on them at a very young age and are treated with consistent affection.
For more information on the care of domestic cats, see How to choose your pet and take care of it, which has a section on cats.
Varieties of domestic cat
There are many named breeds, each with distinct features and heritage. However, due to common cross-breeding in populated areas, many cats are simply identified as belonging to the homogeneous breeds of domestic longhair and domestic shorthair, depending on their type of fur.
Calico (US) or tortoiseshell (UK) cats have multiple colors. Bicolor cats are partly white. A tabby cat is a striped cat.
A male cat is usually called a tom cat, a female cat is called a queen. A young cat is called a kitten. A cat whose ancestry is officially registered is called a purebred cat or a Pedigreed cat or a Show cat. The owners and breeders of show cats compete to see who can breed the cat with the closest resemblance to the 'ideal' definition of the breed. Less than one percent of the total feline population are purebred cats - the remaining 99% have mixed ancestry and are generally known as moggies, or more properly domestic longhairs and domestic shorthairs.
Cats as food
In desperate times, people have been known to be reduced to cooking and eating cats. This occurred in Argentina in 1996. [1] In some poor parts of Africa, there are no stray cats on the street, because every stray that is found gets caught and cooked. Cats, like many other animals, are also occasionally prepared in Cantonese cuisine.
Quotations
- "The cat is a wild animal that inhabits the homes of humans." -- Konrad Lorenz, Man Meets Dog
Related Topics
- List of historical cats
- List of fictional cats
- Big cat
- Cat is also a commonly used short form for catamaran.
- For the Unix command see cat (Unix).
- CAT also stands for Computed Axial (or Assisted) Topography-see Cat Scan.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Cat."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| DOD | English | Domestic Operations Division | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: DomesticSynonyms: domesticated (adj), domestic help (n), house servant (n). (additional references) |
| Antonyms: foreign (adj), undomestic (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Abode | Adjective: urban, metropolitan; suburban; provincial, rural, rustic; domestic; cosmopolitan; palatial. |
Animal | Flocks and herds, live stock; domestic animals, wild animals; game, ferae naturae; beasts of the field, fowls of the air, denizens of the sea; black game, black grouse;flocks and herds, live stock; domestic animals, wild animals; game, ferae naturae; beasts of the field, fowls of the air, denizens of the sea; black game, black grouse; blackcock, duck, grouse, plover, rail, snipe. |
Husbandry | Adjective: pastoral, bucolic; tame, domestic. |
Inhabitant | Adjective: indigenous; native, natal; autochthonal, autochthonous; British; English; American; Canadian, Irish, Scotch, Scottish, Welsh; domestic; domiciliated, domiciled; naturalized, vernacular, domesticated; domiciliary. |
Interiority | Home, domestic, indoor, intramural, vernacular; endemic. |
Seclusion Exclusion | Snug, domestic, stay-at-home. |
Servant | Noun: subject, liegeman; servant, retainer, follower, henchman, servitor, domestic, menial, help, lady help, employe, attache; official. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Domestic |
| English words defined with "domestic": domestic ass. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "domestic": Domestic Consumption, Domestic farm labor, Domestic Poultry, Domestic price, domestic water use ♦ LAUNDRY WORKER, DOMESTIC. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "domestic": rooster. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Domestic" is also a word in the following language with English translations in parentheses. Romanian (domestic, home, household, menial, tame). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Who is, in her own domestic and socially acceptable way also a drug addict (Trainspotting; writing credit: Irvine Welsh; John Hodge) Umm, which of you has domestic experience (Schindler's List; writing credit: Steven Zaillian) Hey, time out, there will be absolutely no use of superpowers to settle domestic disagreements (Birds of Prey; writing credit: Adam Armus; Nora Kay Foster) Multiple, cold and domestic. (PCU; writing credit: Adam Leff; Zak Penn) Ladies and gentlemen -- in fact, all of you. Feeling that you are weary of domestic triangles, we have gone to Europe for our next scene (The Hollywood Revue of 1929; writing credit: Al Boasberg; Robert E. Hopkins) | |
Lyrics | The sneaky silent men the punk domestic violence men (Doo Wop (That Thing); performing artist: Lauryn Hill) We were all wounded in some domestic war (Enough of Me; performing artist: Melissa Etheridge) Like a sick domestic abuser looking for a fight, (Simple Kind of Life; performing artist: No Doubt) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Marriage Wows Series: Domestic Bliss-ters (1934) George Mozart in Domestic Troubles (1930) Domestic Troubles (1928) Their Domestic Deception (1917) The Domestic Game Hunt (1914) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books |
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Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Line graph showing reported cases of rabies in domestic animals, United States, 1955-1995. Credit: CDC. |  | Domestic mosquito species are those that breed close to human habitation. Flower containers in cemeteries may contain larvae of any of the three domestic species including Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens, and Aedes aegypti. Credit: CDC. |
 | A small flock of domestic ducks near the area of the April 7th Swanson Creek oil spill. Fortunately, these birds were not affected at this time. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Domestic sheep are brought emergency water on rangeleland during severe drought. Spring 2002 in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. Credit: Jeff Vanuga. |
 | Flock of white domestic turkeys. Credit: USDA. |  | To increase the genetic diversity of U.S. corn, the Germplasm Enhancement for Maize (GEM) project seeks to combine exotic germplasm, such as this unusually colored and shaped maize from Latin America, with domestic corn lines. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Keith Weller.. |
 | Strong's dime caricatures. No. 1, Domestic troubles. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Sketch for the domestic blockade. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Domestic interior with fireplace. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Group portrait of friends at social gathering, seated and standing with tea cups, in domestic setting. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |
| "Ash" by John Philip Commentary: "Grey domestic cat close up." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Play | Caption |
 | Domestic canine howls. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Samuel Johnson | No money is better spent than what is laid out for domestic satisfaction. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | As conquest may be called a foreign usurpation, so usurpation is a kind of domestic conquest, with this difference, that an usurper can never have right on his side, it being no usurpation, but where one is got into the possession of what another has right to. (Second Treatise of Government) |
US Declaration of Independence | 1776 | He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions. (reference) |
US Constitution | 1791 | The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | If the dispute between the parties is claimed by one of them, and is found by the Council, to arise out of a matter which by international law is solely within the domestic jurisdiction of that party, the Council shall so report, and shall make no recommendation as to its settlement. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
A Christmas Carol | Dickens, Charles | When the clock struck eleven, this domestic ball broke up. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | There are always such little fatalities complicating domestic dramas |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | I could never forget those domestic pledges I had left behind me. |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | At last, we know not what it is to live in the open air, and our lives are domestic in more senses than we think |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Apparent steady increase in domestic ETEC outbreaks. (references) | |
Elimination of domestic and feral animal reservoirs. (references) | ||
Glanders is contracted by humans from infected domestic animals. (references) | ||
Business | Some distribute to domestic consumers. (references) | |
VAT also applies to domestic products. (references) | ||
It does not apply to domestic consumers. (references) | ||
Children | South Africa | Violence against children, including domestic violence, remains widespread. (references) |
Nepal | The age difference in marriage often is cited as one cause of domestic violence. (references) | |
Russia | Many officials consider domestic problems private affairs and prefer not to interfere. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Mali | Eight domestic servers provide access to the Internet. (references) |
Niger | Analysis or investigative reporting on domestic topics was extremely rare. (references) | |
Cuba | It is highly unusual for police to impose house arrest in a domestic dispute. (references) | |
Economic History | Thailand | New Government Promises Domestic Focus... (references) |
Kenya | Kenya has no domestic production of aircraft. (references) | |
Haiti | Cultivation for domestic consumption declined. (references) | |
Human Rights | El Salvador | Numerous domestic and various international NGO's operated freely. (references) |
Morocco | The cases were criticized in the domestic and international press. (references) | |
Zimbabwe | The amnesty was criticized widely by domestic and international human rights groups. (references) | |
Indigenous People | El Salvador | These small indigenous groups exist in the poorest parts of the rural countryside where employment opportunities are few and domestic violence is a problem. (references) |
Ecuador | In the Amazon area, indigenous groups have lobbied the Government, enlisted the help of foreign and domestic NGO's, and mounted protests (including kidnaping oil workers and tourists), in their attempts to win a share of oil revenues and a voice in exploitation and development decisions. (references) | |
Minorities | Hong Kong | It serves the approximately 67,000 Indonesian domestic helpers who work in the SAR. (references) |
Political Economy | PARAGUAY | The same multiplier was not applied to domestic products. (references) |
URUGUAY | Tenders are generally open to all bidders, foreign and domestic. (references) | |
Sudan | Legal foreign workers have the same labor rights as domestic workers. (references) | |
Political Rights | Andorra | The election was run smoothly, and considered to be free and fair by domestic monitors. (references) |
Zimbabwe | Civil servants have been the Government's traditional source for domestic election monitors. (references) | |
Bangladesh | It also codifies permission for election observers, both international and domestic, in the polling booths. (references) | |
Trade | Venezuela | These are usually applied to avoid domestic shortages. (references) |
Hungary | The rules apply to both domestic and imported products. (references) | |
Cyprus | All domestic banks have correspondent arrangements with U.S. banks. (references) | |
Travel | Indonesia | Train and air services are usually used for domestic travel. (references) |
Bulgaria | Hemus Air flies to short-range domestic and regional destinations. (references) | |
Honduras | Domestic maid services are also available at a relatively low cost. (references) | |
Women | Poland | Police intervene in cases of domestic violence. (references) |
Rwanda | Wife beating and domestic violence occur frequently. (references) | |
Seychelles | Rape, spousal rape, and domestic abuse are criminal offenses. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Ethiopia | Child domestic workers are common. (references) |
Bangladesh | Children routinely perform domestic work. (references) | |
Guatemala | These limits do not apply to domestic workers. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | TARIFF, n. A scale of taxes on imports, designed to protect the domestic producer against the greed of his consumer. The Enemy of Human Souls Sat grieving at the cost of coals; For Hell had been annexed of late, And was a sovereign Southern State. "It were no more than right," said he, "That I should get my fuel free. The duty, neither just nor wise, Compels me to economize -- Whereby my broilers, every one, Are execrably underdone. What would they have? -- although I yearn To do them nicely to a turn, I can't afford an honest heat. This tariff makes even devils cheat! I'm ruined, and my humble trade All rascals may at will invade: Beneath my nose the public press Outdoes me in sulphureousness; The bar ingeniously applies To my undoing my own lies; My medicines the doctors use (Albeit vainly) to refuse To me my fair and rightful prey And keep their own in shape to pay; The preachers by example teach What, scorning to perform, I teach; And statesmen, aping me, all make More promises than they can break. Against such competition I Lift up a disregarded cry. Since all ignore my just complaint, By Hokey-Pokey! I'll turn saint!" Now, the Republicans, who all Are saints, began at once to bawl Against his competition; so There was a devil of a go! They locked horns with him, tete-a-tete In acrimonious debate, Till Democrats, forlorn and lone, Had hopes of coming by their own. That evil to avert, in haste The two belligerents embraced; But since 'twere wicked to relax A tittle of the Sacred Tax, 'Twas finally agreed to grant The bold Insurgent-protestant A bounty on each soul that fell Into his ineffectual Hell. Edam Smith |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Andrew Card | I love Rob Portman. He's a terrific fellow. But I happen know that President Bush pushed very hard for his domestic agenda. |
Commerce Secretary Donald Evans | When it comes to the economic security of this country, the domestic security of this country, national security of this country, the president speaks. But he's got a strong team of economic advisers around him that he counts on and relies on. |
Gerald Ford | My conscience tells me it is my duty, not merely to proclaim domestic tranquility, but to use every means that I have to ensure it. |
Robert Novak | Mr. Vice President, I'd like to turn to the domestic arena. One of the real problems, I think, for the county and for the Republican Party and for the administration has been this issue of corporate corruption. |
Rush Limbaugh | Democrats said over the weekend that economic security and domestic security go hand in hand, and it was important that lawmakers set priorities with both goals in mind. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | Besides, something is due to the Man who puts his life in his hands, hazards his health, and forsakes the Sweets of domestic enjoyments. |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | Nor have we used the power confided by the same act of prolonging the foreign debt by reloans, and of redeeming instead thereof an equal sum of the domestic debt. |
John Quincy Adams | 1825-1829 | Those which are founded on geographical divisions, adverse interests of soil, climate, and modes of domestic life are more permanent, and therefore, perhaps, more dangerous. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | Today inflation is our greatest immediate domestic problem. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | As the idealism of our youth has served world peace, so can it serve the domestic tranquility. |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | Use of our most abundant domestic resource--coal--is severely limited. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | That action has strengthened the domestic steel industry. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | It's time we restored domestic tranquility. |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | Sullivan, Lou Sullivan, Secretary of Health and Human Services, to lead a Domestic Policy Council review of recommendations on the quality, accessibility and cost of our nation's health care system. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | We froze domestic spending and used honest budget numbers. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Domestic" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 99.93% of the time. "Domestic" is used about 6,693 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 99.93% | 6,688 | 1,445 |
| Noun (singular) | 0.07% | 5 | 157,705 |
| Total | 100.00% | 6,693 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name |
| United Kingdom | Domestic & General Group PLC |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "domestic": domestic administrator ♦ domestic affairs ♦ domestic airlines ♦ domestic animal ♦ domestic animals ♦ domestic art ♦ domestic ass ♦ domestic carp ♦ domestic cat ♦ domestic cattle ♦ domestic chastisement ♦ domestic consumption ♦ domestic court ♦ domestic credit expansion ♦ domestic dog ♦ domestic drama ♦ domestic economy ♦ domestic flight ♦ domestic fowl ♦ domestic goat ♦ domestic goods ♦ domestic help ♦ domestic industry ♦ domestic interested party ♦ domestic investment ♦ domestic investors ♦ domestic issues ♦ domestic life ♦ domestic line ♦ domestic liquidity ♦ domestic llama ♦ domestic mail ♦ domestic market ♦ domestic news ♦ domestic oven ♦ domestic peace ♦ domestic pigeon ♦ domestic policy ♦ domestic product ♦ domestic production ♦ domestic relations law ♦ domestic rodent ♦ domestic savings ♦ domestic scene ♦ domestic science ♦ domestic science adviser ♦ domestic science school ♦ domestic science teacher ♦ domestic servant ♦ domestic service ♦ domestic sheep ♦ domestic silkworm moth ♦ domestic staff ♦ domestic taxation ♦ domestic trade ♦ domestic value ♦ Domestic Violence ♦ domestic voyage ♦ failure to comply with the regulations governing the protection of tenants of domestic and commercial properties ♦ gross domestic product ♦ gross domestic product at constant prices ♦ gross domestic product in real terms ♦ gross domestic product in volume ♦ gross domestic production ♦ net domestic product ♦ real gross domestic product ♦ total amount funded by international R&D and innovation programmes as a percentage of the gross domestic expenditure on R&D in a region in a given year. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "domestic": domestic-airline, domestic-based, domestic-care, domestic-equity, domestic-policy, domestic-type. | |
Ending with "domestic": non-domestic. | |
Containing "domestic": finish-it-in-thirty-days-using-only-domestic-handtools. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "domestic"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | inheems (aboriginal, native), gesins-, binnelands (aboriginal). (various references) | |
Albanian | vendi (home-brewed), shtëpie (home-made, indoor), shtëpiake, shtëpiak (household, indoor, stay at home), shërbëtor (attendant, bellboy, bellhop, Butler, commissionaire, flunkey, flunky, footman, groom, gyp, lackey, lacquey, man, manservant, menial, valet, Walla, yeoman), i vendit (home, inborn, native), i shtëpisë, i brendshëm (esoteric, immanent, indoor, inland, inlying, inner, inside, interior, internal, intestine, intimate, intramural, intrinsic, inward, Midland, seamy), e zbutur (domesticated). (various references) | |
Arabic | أَهْلِيّ (of the country itself), مكرس نفسه للحياة المنزلية, منزلي (household), محلي (home, local, municipal, native, regional, territorial, topical), وطني (country, inland, national, nationalist, nationalistic, native, patriotic, patriotically), خادم بالبيت, أهلي (country, indigenous), أليف (domesticated, housebroken, tame), داخلي (female, in, indoor, inland, inner, inside, interior, internal, intestine, inward, parietal, residential), داجن (domesticated, familiar, tame), بياضات منزلية, بلدي (indigenous, municipal, native). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | семеен (home), роден (born, borne, german, germane, home, home-bred, native, natural, own, vernacular, whole), вътрешен (endo-, home, in, indoor, inland, inner, inside, interior, internal, intimate, intrinsic, inward, mediterranean, mental), питомен (civilized, tame), домашна прислужница (maid, maidservant, servant maid), домашен (fireside, home, home-bred, homelike, homely, home-made, homespun, homey, homy, house, household, indoor). (various references) | |
Chinese | 國內 (civil, internal), 国内 (Domestical, Domestically, internecine). (various references) | |
Czech | domácího, domácí (brownie, domiciliary, home, homegrown, homelike, homemade, home-made, indoor, inland, internal, native, tame, vernacular), vnitrostátní, vnitropolitický (internal), vnitřní (inland, inner, interior, internal, intrinsic, intrinsical, inward, male), tuzemský (homegrown, inland), interní (internal). (various references) | |
Danish | hushjaelp (domestic staff). (various references) | |
Dutch | inlands (aboriginal, native), inheems (aboriginal, native), binnenlands (aboriginal, inner, inside, internal). (various references) | |
Esperanto | hejma, familia, enlanda (aboriginal). (various references) | |
Faeroese | sum húsfólk. (various references) | |
Farsi | مستخدم یاخادمه , خانه دار (Homemaker, Homey, Housekeeper, Thrifty), خانگی (Homelike, Household, Indoor), خانوادگی , اهلی (Aborigine, Native, Tame), رام (Docile, Inward, Manageable, Meek, Obedient, Tame), بومی (Aborigine, Autochthonous, Indigenous, Native, Vernacular). (various references) | |
Finnish | palvelija (maid, servant), kotimainen (home, native), kotimaan . (home, inland), kesy (tame). (various references) | |
French | domestique (domestic animal). (various references) | |
German | häuslich (domesticated, family, home-loving, homely), inländisch (home, inland). (various references) | |
Greek | κατοικίδιος, εσωτερικόσ (esoteric, indoor, inland, inner, inside, interior, internal, intestine, intrinsic, inward), εγχώριοσ υπηρέτησ, οικιακόσ (homelike), οικιακός (household), οικιακό προσωπικό (domestic staff). (various references) | |
Hebrew | של משק הבית, ביתי (homely, homey). (various references) | |
Hungarian | hazai (home, home grown, home-made, indigenous, inland, national, vernacular), háztartási alkalmazott (help), háztartási (home), házi (domiciliary, family, home, home grown, home-made, indoor, in-house, tame), belföldi (home, indigenous, inland, interior, internal, intestine). (various references) | |
Indonesian | domestik, rumah tangga (household), pelayan rumah. (various references) | |
Italian | nazionale (home, internal, national). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | ドミノ理論 (car rental agency, de Morgan, domain, domestic science, domino theory, draft, draft beer, drag, drag bunt, drag race, dragging, dragon, drama, dramatic, dramatist, drastic, dried sausage, drive, drive in, drive serve, drive-in bank, drive-in restaurant, drive-in theater, driver, drive-through, driveway, driving, driving club, driving contest, drugstore, drum, drum machine, drum solo, drummer, drumming, drum-set, dry, dry cleaning, dry curry, dry cut, dry flower, dry gin, dry ice, dry martini, dry milk, dry paint, dry shampoo, dry shaving, dry skin, dry suit, dryer, drypoint, longest drive contest, road map, screwdriver, trip by car), 家庭内 (in the family), 国内 (internal), 対内 (internal). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | たいない (inside the body, interior of womb, internal), ドメスチック , ドメス , かていない (in the family), こくない (internal). (various references) | |
Korean | 국내 (Domestical). (various references) | |
Manx | thieoilagh (domestic servant), thieoil (homely), thie (building, habitation, home, homeward, house, indoor, residency), mooinjerey (of people). (various references) | |
Mohawk | kanahskwa (domestic animal). (various references) | |
Norwegian | innenriks (inland). (various references) | |
Papago | shoiga (domestic animal). (various references) | |
Papiamen | indígena (aboriginal, native). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | omesticday.(various references) | |
Portuguese | doméstico (pet, tame). (various references) | |
Romanian | domestic (home, household, menial, tame), de casã (home-bred, household), slujnicã (handmaid, handmaiden, maid-of-all-works), slugã (follower, menial, servant), servitor (attendant, dependant, dependent, follower, footman, hind, man servant, menial, ministrant, retainer, servant), mãrfuri fabricate în ţarã, iubitor de familie, intern (inland, inner, interior, internal, internally, inward, resident), indigen (aboriginal, aborigine, home, home-bred, indigenous, native, vernacular), familial (family), conjugal (conjugal, connubial, married, matrimonial), casnic (domesticated, family, home, homely, home-made, household, housewifely, menial, settled). (various references) | |
Russian | внутренний (back-end, endo-, endogeneous, indoor, in-house, inland, inner, inner tube, innermost, inside, internal, interum, intestine, intimate, intrinsical, mediterranean). (various references) | |
Scottish | ballan (a vessel, tub, wooden domestic vessel). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | domaći (home, home-bred, homelike, homemade, home-made, homey, homy, indigenous, inland, interior, native), roba domaće proizvodnje, posluga (servants). (various references) | |
Shona | nguruve (domestic pig), hangaiwa (domestic pigeon), chipfuyo (domestic animal). (various references) | |
| &n |
