Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Distortion |
DistortionNoun1. A change for the worse. 2. A shape resulting from distortion. 3. An optical phenomenon resulting from the failure of a lens or mirror to produce a good image. 4. The act of distorting something so it seems to mean something it was not intended to mean. 5. The mistake of misrepresenting the facts. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "distortion" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
Etymology: Distortion \Dis*tor"tion\, noun. [Latin expression distortio: compare to the French expression distortion.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definition |
Aerospace | 1. An undesired change in waveform. Noise and certain desired changes in waveform, such as those resulting from modulation or detection, are not usually classed as distortion. 2. In a system used for transmission or reproduction of sound, a failure by the system to transmit or reproduce a received waveform with exactness.3. An undesired change in the dimensions or shape of a structure as, distortion of a fuel tank due to abnormal stresses or extreme temperature gradients. (references) |
Biology & Biotechnology | In wood samples with very narrow tree rings and wide rays, deformation and shifting of tree rings which make dating and measurement difficult. Source: European Union. (references) |
Chemical Industry | Change of shape in an article after moulding or fabrication. Source: European Union. (references) |
Electrical Engineering | The unwanted change of a waveform that occurs between two points in a transmission system. Source: European Union. (references) |
| The unwanted change in waveform which occurs between two points in a transmission equipment or system. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Geography | Measure of the amount by which parallel lines have been sheared past one another by deformation, specifically the tangent of the change in angle between initially perpendicular lines(the ordinary or engineering shear strain); or half the tangent of the change in angle between initially perpendicular lines(the tensor measure that appears in infinitesimal-strain theory). Source: European Union. (references) |
| An error introduced into the scale of a chart due to the contraction or expansion of the paper on which it is printed. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Industry | A defect on either surface causing distortion of an image seen either by transmission or reflection. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mathematics | The difference between the expectation of the sample estimator and the true population value, depriving a statistical result of representativeness by systematically distorting it. Source: European Union. (references) |
Medicine | Abnormal length, organ or site. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A defence mechanism by means of which dream content inaceptable to the superego is disguised or modified. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Metallurgy | A defect which results in undue distortion in a rolled piece, and usually leads to rejection. Source: European Union. (references) |
| Deformation of the pattern before moulding, of the mould before or during casting or of the casting during solidification and cooling or during heat treatment or machining. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Mining | A. The change in shape and size of a land area on a map due to the flattening of the curved Earth surface to fit a plane. Distortion is inevitable and is controlled in the development of a projection to produce the characteristics of equal area, conformality, or equidistance b. Any shift in the position of an image on a photograph that alters the perspective characteristics of the photograph. It may be caused by lens aberration, differential shrinkage of film or paper, or motion of the filmor camera. CF:displacement. (references) |
Post & Telecom | Change of waveform or spectral content of any wave or signal due to any cause. Source: European Union. (references) |
| In radio or sound reproduction, failure to transmit or reproduce received waveform exactly. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
1. In a system or device, any departure of the output signal waveform from that which should result from the input signal waveform's being operated on by the system's specified, i.e. , ideal, transfer function.
Note: Distortion may result from many mechanisms. Examples include nonlinearities in the transfer function of an active device, such as a vacuum tube, transistor, or operational amplifier. Distortion may also be caused by a passive component such as a coaxial cable or optical fiber, or by inhomogeneities, reflections, etc., in the propagation path.
2. In start-stop teletypewriter signaling, the shifting of the significant instants of the signal pulses from their proper positions relative to the beginning of the start pulse.
Note: The magnitude of the distortion is expressed in percent of an ideal unit pulse length.
Source: from Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL-STD-188
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Distortion."
Synonyms: DistortionSynonyms: aberration (n), deformation (n), distorted shape (n), optical aberration (n), overrefinement (n), straining (n), torture (n), twisting (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Distortion | Distortion, detortion, contortion; twist, crookedness; (obliquity); grimace; deformity; malformation, malconformation; harelip; monstrosity, misproportion, want of symmetry, anamorphosis; ugliness; talipes; teratology. |
Falsehood | Perversion of truth, suppression of truth; suppressio veri; perversion, distortion, false coloring; exaggeration; prevarication, equivocation, shuffling, fencing, evasion, fraud; suggestio falsi; (lie); mystification; (concealment); simulation; (imitation); dissimulation, dissembling; deceit; blague. |
Misrepresentation | Noun: misrepresentation, distortion, caricatura, exaggeration; daubing; Verb: bad likeness, daub, sign painting; scratch, caricature; anamorphosis; burlesque, falsification, misstatement; parody, lampoon, take-off, travesty. |
Obliquity | Noun: obliquity, inclination, slope, slant, crookedness; Adjective: slopeness; leaning; Verb: bevel, tilt; bias, list, twist, swag, cant, lurch; distortion; bend; (curve); tower of Pisa. |
Ugliness | Noun: ugliness; Adjective: deformity, inelegance; acomia; disfigurement; (blemish); want of symmetry, inconcinnity; distortion; squalor; (uncleanness). |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | It's a distortion. Henry, Look at me! (Henry & June; writing credit: Philip Kaufman) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Harmonic Distortion (2002) I Feel Distortion (2000) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit |  | Sailors in a motor launch rescue a survivor from the water alongside the sunken USS West Virginia (BB-48) during or shortly after the Japanese air raid on Pearl Harbor. USS Tennessee (BB-43) is inboard of the sunken battleship. Note extensive distortion of West Virginia's lower midships superstructure, caused by torpedoes that exploded below that location. Also note 5"/25 gun, still partially covered with canvas, boat crane swung outboard and empty boat cradles near the smokestacks, and base of radar antenna atop West Virginia's foremast. Credit: NAVY. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
 | A high single note played with distortion on an electric guitar. | | A single electric guitar note with light distortion. |
| An electric guitar using a fuzz and distortion devices to create a buzzy tone. | ||
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Generally, people notice a slight distortion or reduction in their eyesight. (references) | |
A condition in which muscles become fixed in a rigid, abnormal position causing distortion or deformity. (references) | ||
Plagiocephaly is a condition characterized by an asymmetrical distortion (flattening of one side) of the skull. (references) | ||
Economic History | Venezuela | This "salarization" of bonuses removed a major distortion in wage policy because severance pay, social security benefits, overtime pay, etc. (references) |
Switzerland | Only so-called "hard cartels," in which clear evidence of market distortion exists, are to be examined and potentially sanctioned or dismantled under the new legislation. (references) | |
Pakistan | Market observers believe that the removal of price distortion on corn could result in imports of as much as 500,000 tons for the dairy operations around Karachi as well as for industrial users. (references) | |
Political Economy | CHILE | Examples of less than national treatment include the following: _ D.L. 600 allows the Central Bank to restrict the access of foreign investors to domestic borrowing in an emergency in order to prevent distortion of local financial markets. (references) |
TURKEY | Government control of key retail prices, especially in the energy and utilities sectors, contributes to market distortion, as prices are sometimes manipulated to meet political objectives, held in check before elections and accelerating after. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | WHANGDEPOOTENAWAH, n. In the Ojibwa tongue, disaster; an unexpected affliction that strikes hard. Should you ask me whence this laughter, Whence this audible big-smiling, With its labial extension, With its maxillar distortion And its diaphragmic rhythmus Like the billowing of an ocean, Like the shaking of a carpet, I should answer, I should tell you: From the great deeps of the spirit, From the unplummeted abysmus Of the soul this laughter welleth As the fountain, the gug-guggle, Like the river from the canon [sic], To entoken and give warning That my present mood is sunny. Should you ask me further question -- Why the great deeps of the spirit, Why the unplummeted abysmus Of the soule extrudes this laughter, This all audible big-smiling, I should answer, I should tell you With a white heart, tumpitumpy, With a true tongue, honest Injun: William Bryan, he has Caught It, Caught the Whangdepootenawah! Is't the sandhill crane, the shankank, Standing in the marsh, the kneedeep, Standing silent in the kneedeep With his wing-tips crossed behind him And his neck close-reefed before him, With his bill, his william, buried In the down upon his bosom, With his head retracted inly, While his shoulders overlook it? Does the sandhill crane, the shankank, Shiver grayly in the north wind, Wishing he had died when little, As the sparrow, the chipchip, does? No 'tis not the Shankank standing, Standing in the gray and dismal Marsh, the gray and dismal kneedeep. No, 'tis peerless William Bryan Realizing that he's Caught It, Caught the Whangdepootenawah! |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Distortion" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.84% of the time. "Distortion" is used about 637 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.84% | 636 | 10,230 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.16% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 637 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "distortion": amplifier distortion ♦ amplitude distortion ♦ amplitude/frequency distortion ♦ attenuation distortion ♦ curvilinear distortion ♦ degree of standardized test distortion ♦ distortion of the mesh ♦ distortion of the truth ♦ fortuitous distortion ♦ fortuitous distortion jitter ♦ geometrical distortion ♦ intermodulation distortion ♦ lens distortion ♦ nonlinear distortion ♦ nth order harmonic distortion ♦ overshoot distortion ♦ Perceptual Distortion ♦ total harmonic distortion ♦ transient intermodulation distortion ♦ trapezium distortion ♦ trapezoidal distortion ♦ with distortion. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "distortion": distortion-free, distortion-plus-noise. | |
Ending with "distortion": low-distortion, no-distortion, over-distortion, self-distortion. | |
Containing "distortion": reality-distortion field. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "distortion"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | shtrembërim (contortion, defacement, deflection, deflexion, deformation, misrepresentation, mutilation, perversion, warp), shfytyrim (deformation, disfiguration, disfigurement). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | تحريف (falsification, garble, misrepresentation, torture, twist), تحرف, تشويه (defacement, deformation, deformity, disfiguration, disfigurement, falsification, malformation, misrepresentation, perversion, torture, warp), تشوه (castrate, castration, deform, disfiguration, malformation), شىء محرف, شىء مشوه. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | извращаване (contortion, violence), изопачаване (contortion, corruption, deformation, falsification, manipulation, misrepresentation, mutilation, travesty, twist), деформация (deformation, malformation, strain), дисторция. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 畸变. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | zkreslení (coloring, colouring, defacement), zkomolení (mutilation, truncation), zkřivení (contortion), překroucení (perversion). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | deformation (compressive strain, deformation, deviation from stated shape, movement, strain), distorsio, distorsion, distortion, forvraengning (scrambling), forstuvning (sprain), fortegning, bias (bias, biasing, non-sampling error, systematic error), forvrængning (noise), systematisk fejl (bias, non-sampling error, systematic error), forvridning (dislocation, torsion), kast ved valsning (cobbling), kastning (buckling, shake, shaking, spring, springing, warpage, warping), kastninger (bulging, warpage, warping), misvisning (bias, convergence, magnetic declination, magnetic deviation, magnetic variation, non-sampling error, systematic error, variation), optisk forstyrrelse (warp), skævhed (bulging, skew, skewness, warpage, warping, wedging), fortraekning. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | distorsie (compression, sprain). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | تحریف (Anagram, Garble, Sophistication). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | vääristyminen. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | gauchissement, distorsion (disproportion, disproportionateness), déformation (disfiguration, disfigurement). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | verzerrung (bias, contortion, misrepresentation, parody, perversion, pulling, straining), verkrümmung (bend, crookedness, curvature, warp), verformung (deformation, deformity), verdrehung (adjusting, contortion, cricking, misrepresentation, perversion, peversion, rolling, spraining, torsion, twisting, wrenching), Distorsion. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | παραμόρφωση (defacement, deform, deformation, deformity, disfigurement). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | עוות "צור" (deformation, deformity, malformation), עקום (bending, contortion, crooked, crooking, curvature, twist, warp, wry), סלוף (falsity, garbling, perversion, twist), סלפ ות (falsification), סרוס (castration, emasculation, gelding). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | eltorzulás (contortion, discomposure, disfigurement, strain), eltorzítás (contortion, defacement, defeature, disfigurement), elferdítés (misrepresentation, perversion, sophistication, twist), torzulás (deformity, flutter, skewness), torzítás (deformation, disfiguration), megvetemedés (deflection, deflexion, spring, warpage). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | distorsi, pemutarbalikan (twisting), pembelokan (prison, turning). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | distorsione (sprain, strain, twist), deformazione (deformation, strain, warp). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | デフォルト値 (chubby, debris, default value, defense condition, deflation, deflationary gap, defroster, depression, depth interview, developer, development, fat), ディーゼル電気車 (daemon, daily news, day, day and date, day bed, day pack, day'n'date, dealer, debate, debug, debugger, decay, decentralization, deduction, deep, deep kiss, default, defender, Defender Plan, defense, definition, delay, delayed steal, delay-line, demand-pull inflation, deoxyribo, depletion, deregulation, deschooling, describe, descriptor, destination, destructor, detail, detector, Deus, developer, device, dictionary, dieldrin, diesel electric car, differential gear, differentiation, diffusion index, digital, digital camera, digital voltmeter, dilettante, dilettantism, dimension, diminuendo, dimple, dinghy, dinner, dinner dress, dinner jacket, dinner party, dinner set, dinner suit, dip, diploma, director, directory, disc jockey, disclosure, Discman, disco, disco sound, discography, disconnect, discontinue, discotheque, discount, discount sale, discount store, discover, discoverer, discrete, discussion, disinflation, disk, disk brake, disk jockey, diskette, diskless, diskman, Disney, Disneyland, dispatch, dispatcher, dispel, dispenser, displacement, display, disposer, disrupt, dissolve, distance, distribution, distributor, disturb, divertimento, divided skirt, divider, divot, French kiss), 歪曲 (falsification, perversion, torture), 歪み (bend, injustice, strain), 曲解 (misconstruction), 不具 (cripple, deformity, disability). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | デフォルメ , ディストーション , きょっかい (misconstruction), ひずみ (bend, strain), ふぐ (blow fish, cripple, deformity, disability, emergency, fugu, globefish, puffer fish, swellfish), かたわ (cripple, crippled, deformed, deformity, disability, disfigurement), いがみ (bend, strain), わいきょく (falsification, perversion, torture), ゆがみ (bend, injustice, strain). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 찡그림. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | cleayney (attract, bank, circumvent, decoy, deviate, dispose, distort, diversion, divert, draw off, incline, induce, influence, inveigle, list, penchant, persuasion, perversion, predilection, predispose, recede, seduce, stoop, tend, tend as garden, trend, vamp, veer), cammey (bow, buckling, crank, crank of object, crook, distort, hook, hook as finger, slope). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Norwegian | forvrengning. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | istortionday distorção (deformation, strain), deformação (buckle, crippling, defacement, deflexion, disfiguration, straining). (various references) desfigurare (contortion, defacement, disfigurement), denaturare (corruption, misrepresentation, perversion, sophistication, warp), deformare (deformation, deformity, disfigurement, mutilation), mişcare convulsivã, contorsiune. (various references) искажение (contortion, deformation, falsification, misrepresentation, mutilation, perturbation, perversion, wrench). (various references) distorzija, izvrtanje, iskrivljenost (contortion, incurvature). (various references) distorsión (cobbling, shear strain), deformación (deformation, strain, warp). (various references) förvrängning (misrepresentation, perversion), förvridning (contortion), distorsion (warp). (various references) distorsiyon, saptırma (diversion, perversion, vitiation), bozukluk (being broken down, chicken feed, coin, decomposition, defect, deformity, disturbance, failure, faultiness, foulness, hilliness, irregularity, putrescence, rupture, small chance, taint, unsoundness, upset), çarpıtma (twist), çarpıklık (cast, crookedness, irregularity, obliqueness, perversion, skew, tortuosity, warp, wryness). (various references) судорожний рух, пересмикування, перекручення (garble, mutilation, perversion, wrench), деформація (alteration, elasticity, yielding). (various references) sự vặn vẹo, sự l m méo mó sự bóp méo, sự bóp méo. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "distortion": distortional, distortions. (additional references) | |
| |
"Distortion" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: distorsion, Distrito. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "distortion" (pronounced di'stô"rshun) |
| 7 | -s t ô" r sh u n | extortion. |
| 6 | -t ô" r sh u n | contortion. |
| 5 | -ô" r sh u n | abortion, antiabortion, apportion, portion, proportion. |
| 4 | -r sh u n | martian. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, abduction, aberration, abolition, abomination, abrogation, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, acceleration, accession, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accretion, accumulation, accusation, acidification, acquisition, action, activation, adaptation, addiction, addition, adjudication, administration, admiration, admission, admonition, adoption, adoration, adulation, advection, advocation, affectation, affection, affiliation, affirmation, affliction, agglomeration, aggravation, aggression, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, alliteration, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, alternation, amalgamation, ambition, amelioration, ammunition, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, anticorruption, antidiscrimination, apparition, appellation, application, appreciation, apprehension, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, ascension, ashen, aspiration, assassination, assertion, assimilation, association, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, beautician, benediction, bifurcation, brutalization, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, caption, carburetion, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, caution, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, circulation, circumspection, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, clinician, coagulation, coalition, codification, coercion, cogeneration, cogitation, cognition, cohabitation, collaboration, collection, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, commission, commotion, communication, communization, compassion, compensation, competition, compilation, completion, complexion, complication, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conception, conceptualization, concession, conciliation, concoction, concussion, condemnation, condensation, condescension, condition, conduction, confabulation, confection, confederation, confession, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, conjunction, connection, conniption, connotation, conscription, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, constitution, constriction, construction, consultation, consummation, consumption, contamination, contemplation, contention, continuation, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conversation, conviction, convocation, convolution, convulsion, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correction, correlation, corroboration, corruption, counterrevolution, creation, cremation, criminalization, crucifixion, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, cushion, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, deception, decertification, decimation, declaration, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, deduction, defamation, defection, definition, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deletion, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demolition, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, demotion, denationalization, denomination, dentition, denuclearization, denunciation, depiction, depletion, depopulation, deportation, deposition, depravation, depreciation, depredation, depression, deprivation, deregulation, dereliction, derivation, desalination, desalinization, description, desecration, desegregation, desertion, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, devolution, devotion, dictation, diction, dietitian, differentiation, diffraction, digression, dilatation, dilation, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, discoloration, disconnection, discontinuation, discretion, discrimination, discussion, disembarkation, disinclination, disinfection, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disposition, disputation, disqualification, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissemination, dissension, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, dissolution, distillation, distinction, distraction, distribution, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, dysfunction, echolocation, edification, edition, education, egyptian, ejaculation, ejection, elaboration, elation, election, electrician, electrification, electrocution, elevation, elimination, elocution, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emission, emotion, emulation, emulsion, encryption, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, erection, erudition, eruption, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, eviction, evocation, evolution, exacerbation, exaction, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, exception, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exfoliation, exhalation, exhibition, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expansion, expatriation, expectation, expedition, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, exposition, expression, expropriation, expulsion, extension, extermination, extinction, extraction, extradition, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, faction, falsification, fascination, fashion, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, fiction, figuration, filtration, fission, fixation, flexion, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formalization, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fraction, fragmentation, freshen, friction, fruition, frustration, fumigation, function, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentian, gentrification, geriatrician, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gumption, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hessian, hibernation, homogenization, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, hypertension, hypotension, identification, ignition, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impassion, imperfection, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, imposition, impregnation, impression, improvisation, imputation, inaction, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inception, incineration, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indiscretion, indoctrination, induction, industrialization, infarction, infatuation, infection, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, inflection, infliction, information, infraction, inhabitation, inhalation, inhibition, initiation, injection, injunction, innovation, inoculation, inquisition, inscription, insemination, insertion, insinuation, inspection, inspiration, installation, instigation, institution, institutionalization, instruction, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, insurrection, integration, intensification, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, interruption, intersection, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, introduction, introspection, intuition, inundation, invalidation, invention, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, junction, jurisdiction, justification, juxtaposition, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, lilliputian, limitation, liposuction, liquefaction, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, locomotion, logician, lotion, lubrication, machination, magician, magnetization, magnification, malformation, malfunction, malnutrition, manifestation, manipulation, mansion, marginalization, masturbation, mathematician, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, mention, midsection, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misapprehension, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, misconception, miscreation, misidentification, misimpression, misinformation, misinterpretation, misperception, misrepresentation, mission, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, mortician, motion, motivation, multiplication, mummification, munition, musician, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nonaggression, nondiscrimination, nonfiction, nonprescription, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, notion, nucleation, nullification, nutrition, obfuscation, objection, obligation, observation, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, occupation, ocean, omission, operation, opposition, oppression, optician, optimization, option, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overconsumption, overexpansion, overpopulation, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, overregulation, oversimplification, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, partition, passion, pasteurization, patrician, pediatrician, penetration, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, perforation, permission, permutation, perpetuation, persecution, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, petition, physician, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politician, politicization, pollination, pollution, pontification, popularization, population, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, precipitation, preconception, precondition, predestination, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, prefabrication, preignition, premeditation, premonition, preoccupation, preparation, prescription, presentation, preservation, pressurization, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, privation, privatization, probation, procession, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, production, profanation, profession, prognostication, progression, prohibition, projection, proliferation, promotion, pronunciation, propagation, proposition, propulsion, proration, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, prostration, protection, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, ration, rationalization, reaction, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reassertion, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, reception, recertification, recession, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recognition, recollection, recommendation, reconciliation, recondition, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, reconstruction, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reflection, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regression, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reimposition, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinspection, reintegration, reinterpretation, reintroduction, reinvention, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejection, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remission, remuneration, renationalization, rendition, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, repercussion, repetition, replication, reposition, repossession, representation, repression, reproduction, repudiation, reputation, requisition, reregulation, reservation, resignation, resolution, respiration, restitution, restoration, restriction, resumption, resurrection, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanction, sanitation, saponification, satisfaction, saturation, secession, secretion, section, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, sedition, seduction, segmentation, segregation, selection, sensation, separation, sequestration, session, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, solution, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, statistician, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, submission, subordination, subscription, subsection, subsidization, substantiation, substation, substitution, subtraction, suburbanization, succession, suction, suffocation, summation, superstation, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, syndication, tabulation, tactician, taxation, technician, telecommunication, temptation, tension, termination, theoretician, titian, titillation, toleration, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transformation, transgression, transillumination, transition, translation, transmission, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, tuition, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, venetian, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, volition, vulgarization, westernization, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "d-i-i-n-o-o-r-s-t-t" | |
-1 letter: sortition. | |
-2 letters: introits, ridottos, tortonis. | |
-3 letters: dinitro, disroot, distort, indoors, intorts, introit, ironist, nitrids, nitroso, ridotto, risotto, sordini, sordino, toroids, torsion, tortoni, tritons. | |
-4 letters: dittos, donors, droits, idiots, indoor, indris, intort, intros, iodins, nitrid, nitros, ootids, orison, otitis, rondos, stotin, tondos, toroid, triton. | |
-5 letters: dints, dirts, ditto, doits, donor, doors, droit, idiot, indri, intis, intro. | |
| Words containing the letters "d-i-i-n-o-o-r-s-t-t" | |
+1 letter: distortions. | |
+2 letters: distortional, orotundities, periodontist. | |
+3 letters: introductions, periodontists, retrodictions. | |
+4 letters: contradictions, contradictious, decortications, deteriorations, disorientation, indoctrinators, radiostrontium. | |
+5 letters: contradictories, disorientations, indoctrinations, postirradiation, radiostrontiums, reintroductions. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)44 69 73 74 6F 72 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
|
| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
|
| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
|
| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
|
Morse Code (1836) (references)-.. .. ... - --- .-. - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
|
Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000100 01101001 01110011 01110100 01101111 01110010 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)D i s t o r t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0044 0069 0073 0074 006F 0072 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
|
Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)38758586818486758180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Sounds | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Usage Frequency 11. Expressions 12. Expressions: Internet | 13. Translations: Modern 14. Derivations 15. Rhymes 16. Anagrams | 17. Orthography 18. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
