Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Disrupt

Definition: Disrupt

Disrupt

Verb

1. Make a break in; "We interrupt the program for the following messages".

2. Throw into disorder; "This event disrupted the orderly process".

3. Interfere in someone else's activity; "Please don't interrupt me while I'm on the phone".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "disrupt" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1907. (references)


Specialty Definition: Disrupt

DomainDefinition

Computing

A service procedure is disrupted by another service if the second service results in service primitives of the first service not being used as specified for the procedure of the first service. Source: European Union. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Synonyms: Disrupt

Synonyms: break up (v), cut off (v), interrupt (v). (additional references)

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Crosswords: Disrupt

English words defined with "disrupt": Disrupting. (references)
Specialty definitions using "disrupt": artillery preparationDNA DamageEl Nio, Electronic Combat, Endocrine disruptorIntegrated Pest ManagementLettermailbombparaneoplastic syndrome, phacker, ping storm, Proto-Oncogene Protein c-kitshear bursts, sporgery, Stack EffectUncoupling Agents. (references)
Etymologies containing "disrupt": Diruption. (references)

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Modern Usage: Disrupt

DomainUsage

Screenplays

It's designed to disrupt your input output carrier signal so we can pinpoint your location. (The Matrix; writing credit: Andy Wachowski; Larry Wachowski)

Do you lie awake at night thinking of ways to disrupt my husband's campaign? (Monk; writing credit: Andy Breckman; David Breckman)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Disrupt

DomainTitle

Books

  • Could Dell Disrupt the Ink and Toner Supplies Market? [DOWNLOAD: PDF] (reference)

  • Mechanistic Toxicology: The Molecular Basis of How Chemicals Disrupt Biological Targets (reference)

  • The Sv40 Chromosome Model for Studies of Anticancer Drugs That Disrupt (Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit) (reference)

    (more book examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: Disrupt

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Viewing man-made canals in the marsh as seen on a foggy morning. Canals can disrupt water circulation in marsh systems. Credit: America's Coastlines.

Subsiding marsh and man-made canals south of New Orleans. Canals can disrupt water circulation in marsh systems. Credit: America's Coastlines.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Sounds Captioned with "Disrupt".

PlayCaption
Bubble; pop; future; space; science fiction; breach; bare; break in; break out; broach; burst; bust in; come apart; crack; disclose; display; disrupt; expand; expose; fissure; free; gap; gape; hole; jimmy; kick in; lacerate; lance; penetrate; perforate; p.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Disrupt

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

It can disrupt your daily schedule. (references)

Extreme temperatures may disrupt sleep or prevent you from falling asleep. (references)

A tumor that forms on or near the spinal cord can disrupt this communication. (references)

Civil Liberties

Kyrgyz Republic

On occasion the Government used force to disrupt peaceful demonstrations. (references)

Iran

Ansar-e Hezbollah thugs disrupt lectures and appearances by academics whose views do not conform with their own. (references)

Angola

UNITA used landmines primarily on roads and trails to disrupt transportation, and to control village populations. (references)

Economic History

Cape Verde

The organization did not attempt to disrupt Portuguese control in Cape Verde. (references)

Mauritius

Unions, which account for less than 25 percent of the workforce, act responsibly and rarely disrupt business. (references)

Nicaragua

The rules of the game are sometimes changed by sudden government decree or political considerations that can significantly disrupt business planning. (references)

Human Rights

Iran

Sources claim that such arrests are carried out to "terrorize" the community and to disrupt the lives of its members. (references)

Korea

Trials are open to the public, but the judge may restrict attendance if he believes spectators may seek to disrupt the proceedings. (references)

Bangladesh

Some Islamic groups, claiming that outlawing all fatwas was an attack on Islam, blocked the main roads into the city and tried to disrupt the rally. (references)

Minorities

Switzerland

Although authorities only recorded a few license plate numbers and did not disrupt the gathering, some accused the police of bias because of their conspicuous monitoring of the event. (references)

Political Economy

Eq. Guinea

Corruption and a dysfunctional judicial system disrupt development of Equatorial Guinea's economy and society. (references)

NORWAY

These unpredictable administrative tariff adjustments disrupt advance purchase orders and limit agricultural imports into Norway from the U.S. and other distant markets. (references)

Political Rights

Nepal

Maoist efforts to disrupt the elections by intimidating voters and candidates had little effect. (references)

Ukraine

The Government allegedly used official agencies, especially the State Tax Administration, to disrupt or eliminate the businesses of political opponents prior to the elections. (references)

Guinea

There were credible reports during the 1998 election campaign that ruling party supporters and government officials used force to prevent or disrupt opposition party meetings in Conakry and in provincial towns during the campaign. (references)

Trade

Austria

The risk of political or economic disturbances that could disrupt trade or investment projects in Austria is judged to be very low. (references)

Taiwan

In 1997, the Taiwan authorities promulgated new electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards for computer and other electronic goods that threatened to disrupt U.S. computer exports to Taiwan. (references)

Worker Rights

Philippines

Some companies reportedly ordered overtime to disrupt union meetings. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Spoken Usage: Disrupt

SpeakerPhrase(s)

Bill Maher

We are opening a new front in the war on terrorism. American troops are headed to the Philippines to disrupt a Muslim rebel group there and get them back to doing what they should be doing, making Nikes for Americans.

Dennis Miller

The real tactical mistake the terrorists made in trying to disrupt our society was that, in attacking us in such a monstrous public way, they brought us together.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Speeches: Disrupt

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

Harry S. Truman

1945-1953A serious depression here can disrupt the whole fabric of the world economy.

Jimmy Carter

1977-1981We must be fair to people, and we must not disrupt our Nation's economy and our budget.

Bill Clinton

1993-2001Accordingly, last night I signed an executive order that will block the assets in the United States of terrorist organizations that threaten to disrupt the peace process.

George W. Bush

2001-2005We've given law enforcement better tools to detect and disrupt terrorist cells which might be hiding in our own country.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Disrupt

"Disrupt" is generally used as a lexical verb (infinitive) -- approximately 87.57% of the time. "Disrupt" is used about 354 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Lexical Verb (infinitive)87.57%31016,399
Lexical Verb (base form)11.3%4054,274
Noun (singular)1.13%4175,879
                    Total100.00%354N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Disrupt

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

disrupt mobile network phone

12

disrupt

9

disrupt pioneer

8
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Disrupt

Language Translations for "disrupt"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

përçaj (disunite, divide, tear). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏مزق (cut up, fracture, jag, lacerate, pull apart, pull to pieces, quarter, rend, rent, rip, rip apart, rive, rupture, sever, shred, tatter, tear, tear to pieces, tear up, unrip, unseam), ‏وقع الفوضى (demoralization), ‏عطل (cancel, cripple, damage, deactivate, derange, foul up, hold up, jam, obstruct, stay, suspend), ‏أزعج (ail, annoy, beset, bother, burn, discompose, disquiet, distress, disturb, get in the way, get on smb.'s nerves, gig, gnaw, grate, hamper, harass, importune, incommode, inconvenience, infest, intrude, irk, irritate, jolt, molest, nag, niggle, obsess, offend, pain, peck, peeve, perturb, pester, plague, possess, prickle, put out, rasp, rattle, ruffle, saddle, torment, trouble, upset, vex), ‏أخل, ‏شوش (bedevil, befuddle, blanket, confuse, demoralize, derange, disarrange, dislocate, disorganize, disturb, dizzy, embroil, fog, fuddle, garble, gum up, hamper, jam, jumble, mire, mix up, muddle, muddy, obfuscate, obscure, outface, parasite, perplex, perturb, rattle, ravel, scramble, smudge, unhinge, unsettle). (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

разстройвам (break, crack, defeat, derange, detune, disagree, disconcert, disjoint, disorder, disorganize, distract, disturb, impair, put about, rupture, stultify, unnerve, unstring, unvoice, upset), разрушавам (destroy, havoc, pull down, ravage, ruin, take down, throw down, unbuild), разбивам (agitate, beat, beat up, blank, blast, blight, break, break down, break in pieces, break to pieces, burst open, dash, deflate, hack, kick in, mill, overwhelm, pry open, scatter, shatter, smash, smash in, smash up, split off, stamp, whip, whip up, wreck), подривам (blast, blow up, eat away, erode, gut, sap, shovel under, tear up, undermine, wash, wash out, wear away). (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

"乱 (Disrupted, Disrupting). (various references)

   

Czech

  

rozvrátit (bust up), přerušit (abort, adjourn, black out, break off, cut off, cut short, discontinue, intermit, interrupt, split up, stop, suspend, terminate, turn off), narušit (blemish, corrupt, dislocate, erode, impair, spoil). (various references)

   

Danish

  

afbryde (break, cut, cut a connection, interrupt, shut off, stop, switch off, turn off). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

ontwrichting (dislocation). (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

منقطع کردن , درهم گسیختن . (various references)

   

French

  

interrompre (discontinue). (various references)

   

German

  

unterbrechen (break, break in, break off, broken, disconnect, discontinue, disturb, heckle, intercept, interrupt, kill, punctuate, stop, suspend, to disconnect, to discontinue, to disturb, to intercept, to intermit, to interrupt, to suspend). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

αναστατώνω (confound, disorganize, fluster, upset), διακοπή (abortion, adjournment, break, breather, disconnection, discontinuance, interception, intermission, interrupt, interruption, pause, recess, respite, severance, vacation), διαρρηγνύω (breach, burgle, rupture, stave), διασπώ (break through, disintegrate, distract, rupture). (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

לשבש (cripple, derange, dislocate, muddle, queer, upset), ל תץ (demolish, destroy, pull down, smash). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

szétválaszt (differentiate, disconnect, disjoin, dispart, dissociate, disunite, to disassociate, to disengage, to disrupt, to dissever, to dissociate, to divide, to divorce, to part, to partition, to pull asunder, to separate, to sort, to uncouple, uncouple, unstick), szétszakít (burst, bust up, to burst, to bust, to disrupt, to pull asunder). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

mengkisruhkan, mengacaukan (derange, disarrange, disconcert, disorganize, embroil, entangle, ravel, tangle), memisahkan (detach, disjoint, dissociate). (various references)

   

Italian

  

disturbare (annoy, bother, disturb, hinder, inconvenience, irk, jam, trouble, upset), disgregare (break up, disgregate, disintegrate, disjoint), destabilizzare (destabilize). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

ディーゼル電気車 (daemon, daily news, day, day and date, day bed, day pack, day'n'date, dealer, debate, debug, debugger, decay, decentralization, deduction, deep, deep kiss, default, defender, Defender Plan, defense, definition, delay, delayed steal, delay-line, demand-pull inflation, deoxyribo, depletion, deregulation, deschooling, describe, descriptor, destination, destructor, detail, detector, Deus, developer, device, dictionary, dieldrin, diesel electric car, differential gear, differentiation, diffusion index, digital, digital camera, digital voltmeter, dilettante, dilettantism, dimension, diminuendo, dimple, dinghy, dinner, dinner dress, dinner jacket, dinner party, dinner set, dinner suit, dip, diploma, director, directory, disc jockey, disclosure, Discman, disco, disco sound, discography, disconnect, discontinue, discotheque, discount, discount sale, discount store, discover, discoverer, discrete, discussion, disinflation, disk, disk brake, disk jockey, diskette, diskless, diskman, Disney, Disneyland, dispatch, dispatcher, dispel, dispenser, displacement, display, disposer, dissolve, distance, distortion, distribution, distributor, disturb, divertimento, divided skirt, divider, divot, French kiss). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

ディスラプト . (various references)

   

Korean 

  

혼란시키십시". (various references)

   

Manx

  

boirey (aggrieve, annoy, bother, care, confuse, confusion, disconcert, disruption, distract, distraction, disturb, embarrass, embarrassment, heartache, madden, molestation, niggle, nuisance, perplex, perturb, perturbation, pester, preoccupy, put upon, row, strife, trouble, vex, worrier, worry). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

isruptday

   

Portuguese

  

despedaçar (drag out, hagiography, pull, rend, Rive, shatter, tear), desfazer (dash, disincorporate, disjoint, disobedience, dissolve, fade away, limb, ravel out, undo, unlive, unmake, unpack, unpick, untwine, unweave), rebentar (braird, bud, burgeon, burst, comb, detonate, douche, explode, gemmation, part with, pop up, Rive, rupture, split), quebrar (Basil, be bankrupt, breach, break, chip, crack, crush, disintegrate, flaw, fracture, grind, knap, knock off, outbreak, shatter, smash, split, violate), arrancar (abstract, cut up, drag out, extract, feather, force, jerk, lug, pick, pinch, pluck, pull, pull out, rip, start running, take away, tear off, tweezer, yank). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

distruge (abolish, annihilate, blast, blight, confound, crash, crock, cut, cut to pieces, cut up, dash, decay, defeat, demolish, destroy, devastate, dilapidate, eat into, eat through, eliminate, exterminate, extirpate, finish, kill, lay waste, make havoc of, Mar, obliterate, overturn, overwhelm, perish, play the deuce with, play the devil with, quash, ravage, raze, reduce, ruin, scathe, scatter, scotch, shatter, shipwreck, sink, spoil, squelch, strafe, subvert, tear, undo, unmake, wreck), sfãrâma (batter, burst, crack, crackle, crunch, destroy, fritter, granulate, grind, knap, mill, ruin, shatter, shiver, smash, split), rupe (break, break off, break smth. in pieces, cull, declare off, dismember, gather, lacerate, open, pull, pull apart, rend, rift, rip, scatter, separate, sever, snap, splinter, split, stop, tear, uproot). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

разрывать (break, decollate, lacerate, rend, rip, rip open, rip up, ripping, sever, severing, severs, tear, tear apart, tear open, unrip, unripe), подрывать (explode, shoot, unsettle). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

prekinuti (abort, adjourn, break off, cease, cut, cut off, cut short, disconnect, intercept, interrupt, leave off, part, put an end, rupture, sever), poremetiti (derange, disarrange, disturb, unhinge), omesti (foul up, hinder, obstruct). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

desvertebrar (dislocate), desorganizar (disorganize), desbaratar planes, dar al traste con (dislocate, pull to pieces, upset), trastornar la cabeza (overturn, subvert, tumble, unhinge, upset), transtornar (disturb), ruptura (blowout, breach, breakaway, breakdown, breaking, breakthrough, breakup, disruption, parting, rupture, severance, split), quebrantar (break, leak, shake, shatter, tear, tear up, throw over, unbuild, undermine), interrumpir (break, break in, cut in, cut off, discontinue, dislocate, disorganize, disturb, halt, hold up, interrupt, tie up). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

störa (derange, disturb, faze, fuss about, interfere with, interrupt, intrude, jam, molest, perturb, pervert, worry), bringa i oordning (confound, confuse, derange, disarrange, disarray, disorder, perturb, put out of order), avbryta (break, call off, check, cut off, discontinue, disturb, heckle, horn in on, intermit, interrupt, leave off, put an end, put in one's oar, put one's oar in, sever, slough off, terminate), avbrott (break, cessation, check, discontinuance, discontinuation, discontinuity, disruption, hiatus, hitch, hold up, intermission, interrupt, interruption, interrupts, interuption, lapse, letup, lull, pause, time out). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

dağıtmak (be on the loose, bestrew, break on, crack up, deal, deal out, decompose, deliver, demount, deploy, diffuse, disband, disject, disjoint, dismantle, dispel, dispense, disperse, dissipate, dissolve, distribute, divert, Dot, drown, fling off, hand out, issue, litter, mete out, pass out, rag, rough up, ruffle, rumple, scatter, strew, tumble), dağılmak (adjourn, be scattered, clear, clear away, come apart, crack up, decay, decompose, diffuse, disband, disintegrate, disperse, dissolve, fall, fly to pieces, go into splinters, go splinters, go to pieces, scatter, separate, splinter, spread, straggle), yarmak (breach, chop, cleave, Crimp, flaw, hew, incise, maul, plough, plow, rend, rift, rip, sever, slash, slit, splinter, split, tear, wedge off), parçalanmak (break, break to pieces, break up, come apart, crash, crumble, crush, decay, digest, disintegrate, fall to pieces, fly to pieces, go into splinters, go splinters, go to pieces, rend, rupture, shatter, shiver, shred, smash, Spall, splinter, split, split off), parçalamak (bash in, break into pieces, break up, calve, comminute, crumble, cut smth. asunder, cut up, dash, disintegrate, disjoint, dismantle, dismember, lacerate, pull to pieces, rend, scrap, shatter, shiver, shred, smash, smash in, smash up, Spall, splinter, split, take to pieces, tear to pieces, total), karışıklığa itmek, bozulmak (addle, break down, break up, bust, collapse, conk, decay, decline, deteriorate, dwindle, ebb, fail, get out of hand, get out of order, go bad, go haywire, go off, go sour, go under, go wrong, lose face, perish, retrograde, retrogress, rot, sour, spoil, stale, taint, turn, turn sour, upset), bozmak (abash, abolish, adulterate, affect, alloy, annihilate, annul, baffle, ball up, barbarize, bedevil, blemish, botch, break, break down, break off, break on, bugger, bugger up, bust, cash, change, circumvent, confound, confuse, contaminate, corrupt, cross, damage, debase, debauch, decay, declare off, deface, defile, destroy, deteriorate, disappoint, disarray, discolor, discolour, discomfit, discomfort, discompose, discountenance, dislocate, dismount, disorder, dissolve, distort, disturb, downgrade, emasculate, embarrass, embroil, exchange, explode, fluff, foil, foul, foul up, fumble, garble, goof, goof up, gum up, Harry, impair, indispose, infect, infringe, lead astray, leaven, mangle, Mar, mess, murder, muss, mutilate, obliterate, pervert, pollute, put out, put out of action, put to shame, quash, queer, rattle, reverse, rot, ruffle, ruin, scotch, scupper, shatter, sour, spoil, stymie, taint, thwart, tousle, tumble, undo, unmake, upset, violate, vitiate, whittle away, whittle down, whittle off, wreck), ayırmak (abstract, allocate, allot, allow, appropriate, assort, book, choose, classify, comb, comb out, contradistinguish, cut off, cut out, demarcate, detach, devote, disband, discard, disembody, disjoin, dissever, dissociate, distinguish, disunite, divert, divide, divorce, divorce from, earmark, except, hive off, insulate, intend for, isolate, keep apart, mark out, part, particularize, partition, partition off, pick out, portion, reduce, reserve, resolve, seclude, segregate, select, separate, sequester, set apart, set aside, sever, shut off, single out, snatch away from, snatch from, sort, sort out, spare, specialize, split, spread, spread out, sunder, sweep off, take apart, tear away, tear off, unpick, unstick, wall, winnow). (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

розірваний, розривати (break, break away, denounce, develop, divorce, outbreak, rupture, tear up), підривати (blast, cave, detonate, erode, explode, fulminate, sap, tear up, undermine). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Disrupt

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Latin500 BCE-Modern

perturbo. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Disrupt

Derivations

Words beginning with "disrupt": disrupted, disrupter, disrupters, disrupting, disruption, disruptions, disruptive, disruptively, disruptiveness, disruptivenesses, disrupts. (additional references)

Words containing "disrupt": nondisruptive. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Disrupt" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: dairut, Diruta, disrrupt, disruppt, disrupti, distrupt, Durupty, Vistupi. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Disrupt"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "disrupt" (pronounced di'sru"pt)
4-r u" p tabrupt, erupt.
3-u" p tcorrupt, interrupt, upped.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Disrupt

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "d-i-p-r-s-t-u"

-1 letter: purist, putrid, stupid, upstir.

-2 letters: dirts, drips, dript, duits, durst, puris, sirup, situp, spirt, sprit, spurt, stirp, strip, trips, turds, turps.

-3 letters: dips, dipt, dirt, dits, drip, duit, dups, dust, pits, puds, puri, purs, puts, rids, rips, rust, ruts, spit, spud, spur, stir, stud, suit, surd, tips, trip, tuis, tups, turd, urds.

-4 letters: dip.

 Words containing the letters "d-i-p-r-s-t-u"
 

+1 letter: disputer, disrupts, stupider.

 

+2 letters: dipterous, disputers, disrepute, disrupted, disrupter, eupatrids, preaudits, tricuspid, upstirred.

 

+3 letters: disreputes, disrupters, disrupting, disruption, disruptive, pedicurist, punditries, repudiates, surprinted, tricuspids, turpitudes, unscripted.

 

+4 letters: disruptions, duplicators, eurypterids, outpromised, outsprinted, outstripped, pasteurised, pasteurized, pedicurists, productions, prostituted, putridities, repudiators, superintend, unaspirated.

 

+5 letters: computerised, decrepitudes, disreputable, disreputably, disruptively, expenditures, jurisprudent, outspreading, profundities, promptitudes, pulchritudes, reduplicates, repudiations, superintends.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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Alternative Orthography: Disrupt


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

44 69 73 72 75 70 74

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

-..    ..    ...    .-.    ..-    .--.    -

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01000100 01101001 01110011 01110010 01110101 01110000 01110100

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#68 &#105 &#115 &#114 &#117 &#112 &#116

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0044 0069 0073 0072 0075 0070 0074

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

38758584878286

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Photo Album
7. Sounds
8. Quotations: Non-fiction
9. Quotations: Spoken
10. Quotations: Speeches
11. Usage Frequency
12. Expressions: Internet
13. Translations: Modern
14. Translations: Ancient
15. Derivations
16. Rhymes
17. Anagrams
18. Orthography
19. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.