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Definition: Defense |
DefenseNoun1. The team that is trying to prevent the other team from scoring; "his teams are always good on defense". 2. Military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies; "they died in the defense of Stalingrad"; "they were developed for the defense program". 3. The defendant and his legal advisors collectively; "the defense called for a mistrial". 4. Protection from harm; "sanitation is the best defense against disease". 5. A structure used for defense; "the artillery battered down the defenses". 6. The speech act of answering an attack on your assertions; "his refutation of the charges was short and persuasive"; "in defense he said the other man started it". 7. The justification for some act or belief; "he offered a persuasive defense of the theory". 8. A defendant's answer or plea denying the truth of the charges against him; "he gave evidence for the defense". 9. An organization of defenders that provides resistance against attack; "he joined the defense against invasion". 10. : the federal department responsible for safeguarding national security; created in 1947. 11. : (psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "defense" was first used: 13th century. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Sports & Leisure | There are two basic styles of defense: man-to-man and zone. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Civil defense is an effort to defend civilian society from military attack. Like emergency operations, it has four basic tasks: mitigation, preparation, response, and recovery. In a civil defense context, these usually have different tasks.
Relatively small investments in recovery aids can speed up recovery by months or years, and thereby prevent millions of deaths by hunger, cold and disease. For example, a crucial need after a general nuclear attack would be diesel fuel to transport every other item for recovery. However, oil refineries are large, immobile, and probable targets. One proposal is to preposition truck-mounted diesel refineries near oil fields and bulk storage depots. Other critical infrastructure needs would include road and bridge repair, communications, electric power, food production and potable water.
During the Cold War, civil defense was seen largely as defending against and recovering from an attack involving nuclear weapons. After the end of the Cold War, the focus moved from defense against nuclear war to defense against a terrorist attack possibly involving chemical or biological weapons. After the September 11, 2001 attacks, the concept of civil defense has been revisited under the umbrella term of homeland defense.
Mitigation is the process of actively preventing the war or the release of nuclear weapons. It includes policy analysis, diplomacy, political measures, and more military responses such as a National Missile Defense and air defense artillery. In the case of counter-terrorism, mitigation would include intelligence gathering and direct action against terrorist groups. Mitigation may also be reflected in long-term planning such as the design of the interstate highway system and the placement of military bases further away from populated areas.
Preparation consists of building shelters, and prepositioning information, supplies and emergency infrastructure. For example, most larger cities in the U.S. now have emergency operations centers that can perform civil defense coordination. Other measures would include continuous government inventories of grain silos and fuel storage systems, and the dispersal of truck-transportable bridges, water purification, mobile refineries and other aids to speed civil recovery.
On an individual scale, one means of preparation for exposure to nuclear fallout is obtain potassium iodide (KI) tablets as a safety measure to protect the human thyroid gland from the uptake of dangerous radioactive iodine.
Response consists first of warning civilians so they can enter shelters and protect assets. Afterwards, trained civilians can perform up to 50% of rescues from damaged structures, when organized in community emergency response teams.
Recovery consists of rebuilding damaged infrastructure, buildings and production. The recovery phase is the longest and ultimately most expensive phase. Once the immediate "crisis" has passed, cooperation fades away and recovery efforts are often politicized or seen as economic opportunities.
Preparation for recovery can be very helpful. If mitigating resources are dispersed before the attack, cascades of social failures can be prevented. For example, a crucial need after a general nuclear attack would be diesel fuel to transport every other item for recovery. One hedge against bridge damage in riverine cities is to subsidize a "tourist ferry" that performs scenic cruises on the river. When a bridge is down, the ferry takes up the load. In practice some capability is maintained by local and state agencies, and an emergency reserve is provided by specialized military units, especially civil affairs and combat engineers.
Some advocates believe that government should change building codes to require autonomous buildings in order to reduce civil societies' dependence on complex, fragile networks of social services.
See also Nuclear war, Nuclear weapon, Fallout shelter survivalism and emergency preparedness.
External link
- http://www.oism.org/nwss/ Nuclear War Survival Skills is a public-domain text on how to survive a nuclear attack.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Civil defense."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
defense (American English) and defence (British English and Canadian English) can refer to any of the following:
This is a disambiguation page; that is, one that just points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name. If you followed a link here, you might want to go back and fix that link to point to the appropriate specific page.
- For the military term see defense (military)
- civil defense measures and emergency preparedness
- In politics, defense may be a euphemism for war. See, for example, the United States Department of Defense.
- For legal defense see defense (legal)
- For defense in sport see defense (sport)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Defense."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In most litigation under the common law adversarial system the defendant, perhaps with the assistance of counsel, may allege or present defenses in order to avoid liability, civil or criminal. In criminal law these defenses can be grouped into 4 categories: alibis, justifications, excuses, procedural defenses, and the so-called "innovative defenses". With the exception of alibis; these defenses do not argue that the defendant didn't commit a criminal act (which broke the law); but rather, that the defendant should not be held criminally liable for said act. In civil law affirmative defenses are presented to limit or avoid liability, they are numerous and include pleading the statute of limitations, lack of personal or subject matter jurisdiction of the court, or failure to state a cause of action.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Defense (legal)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In military science, defense is the art of preventing an enemy from conquering territory; usually via fortifications. Defense may also be a euphemism for war.It was well-known ages ago that the defending side needs far less resources to keep fighting than the offensive side.
See also: Arms trade
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Defense (military)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In poker, certain aggression plays like steals can be very effective; players must occasionally reply to them with defensive plays with hands they might not otherwise play. If, for example, the player to your right frequently steals when you have posted a blind, you can be reasonably sure that he is often doing so with inferior hands (otherwise he wouldn't be doing it so often), so you can likely defend your blind (call or raise back) with more hands than you might otherwise.
- See also : Poker
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Defense (poker)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In sport, defense (American English) and defence (British English and Canadian English) is the action of preventing an opponent from scoring. The term may also refer to the tactics involved in defense, or a sub-team whose primary responsibility is defense.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Defense (sport)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The defensive team or defense in American football or Canadian football, is the team that begins a play from scrimmage not in possession of the ball.Several different "defensive sets" are used. The numbers of linemen and linebackers will vary, but most sets used in American football include a line composed of defensive ends and defensive tackles and, behind the line, linebackers, cornerbacks, a strong safety and a free safety.
- defensive end - the two defensive ends play on the outside of the defensive line. Their function is to rush the passer or stop runs.
- defensive tackle - (sometimes called a defensive guard), defensive tackles are linemen who lines up inside the defensive ends. Their function is to rush the passer, and defend against running plays. A defensive tackle that lines up directly across from the ball (on the nose of the center) is often called a nose guard. Common defensive sets have from one to three defensive tackles.
- linebacker - linebackers play behind the defensive line and perform various duties depending on the situation, including rushing the passer, covering receivers, and defending against the run. Most defensive sets have between three and five linebackers.
- cornerback - the cornerbacks primarily cover the wide receivers.
- safety - the safeties are the last line of defense (farthest from the line of scrimmage), and provide help on deep pass coverage.
See also
- Offensive team
- Special teams
- American football/Glossary
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Defensive team."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Dept. of Defense Established: July 26, 1947 Activated: September 18, 1947 Renamed: August 10, 1949 Secretary: Donald Rumsfeld Deputy Secretary: Paul Wolfowitz Budget: $358.2 billion (2003) Employees: 636,000 civilian
2.3 million military (2003)The United States Department of Defense (DoD) is the civilian Cabinet organization of the United States government which controls the military of the United States. It is headquartered at The Pentagon and headed by the United States Secretary of Defense.
History
Proposals to coordinate the activities of the military services were initially considered by Congress in 1944. Specific plans were put forth in 1945 by the Army, the Navy, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In a special message to Congress on December 19, 1945, President Harry Truman proposed creation of a unified Department of National Defense. A proposal reached Congress in April 1946, but was held up by the Naval Affairs Committee held hearings in July 1946 due to objections to the concentration of power in a single department. Truman eventually sent new legislation to Congress in February 1947, where it was debated and amended for several months.
On July 26, 1947, Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947, which set up the National Military Establishment to begin operations on September 18, 1947, the day after the confirmation of James V. Forrestal as the first Secretary of Defense. The Establishment was later renamed the Department of Defense on August 10, 1949 and the secretary was given greater authority over the military departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
It is based in The Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia near Washington, D.C. It was created by combining the War Department (founded in 1789) with the Navy Department (founded in 1798; formerly the Board of Admiralty, founded in 1780). The department was formed in order to reduce interservice rivalry which was believed to have reduced military effectiveness in World War II.
It includes Army, Air Force, Coast Guard (wartime only), Navy, Marines and agencies such as the National Security Agency and the Defense Intelligence Agency comprise the Department. Its annual budget is roughly $360 billion (~$1,300 per capita).
The command structure of the Department of Defense is defined by the Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986. Under the act, the chain of command runs from the President of the United States, through the Secretary of Defense, to the regional commanders within one of several commands who command all military forces within their area of operation. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the several Chiefs of Staff are responsible for readiness of the U.S. military, but are not in the chain of command.
On Febuary 22, 2002, the Department of Defense Office of the Inspector General has reported that DOD has not and will not account for $1.1 trillion of "undocumentable adjustments."
As part of the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack, terrorists crashed a plane into one of the sections of The Pentagon, causing part of it to collapse and killing about 190 people.
Operating Units
In 2003, the National Communications System was moved to the United States Department of Homeland Security.
- United States Air Force
- United States Army
- Defense Agencies
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
- Defense Commissary Agency (DECA)
- Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA)
- Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA)
- Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS)
- Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA)
- Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)
- Defense Legal Services Agency (DLSA)
- Defense Logistics Agency (DLA)
- Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA)
- Defense Security Service (DSS)
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)
- Missile Defense Agency (MDA)
- National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA)
- National Reconnaissance Office (NRO)
- National Security Agency (NSA)
- Pentagon Force Protection Agency
- Department of Defense Field Activities
- American Forces Information Service (AFIS)
- Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office (DPMO)
- Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA)
- DoD Human Resources Activity (DoDHRA)
- Office of Economic Adjustment (OEA)
- Tricare Management Activity (TMA)
- Washington Headquarters Services (WHS)
- Office of Administration and Management
- Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee
- Joint Chiefs of Staff
- United States Marine Corps
- United States Navy
- United States Naval Observatory
- Unified Combatant Commands
- Central Command (CENTCOM)
- European Command
- Joint Forces Command
- Northern Command
- Pacific Command
- Southern Command
- Special Operations Command (SOCOM)
- Strategic Command
- Transportation Command
Technology
The DoD sponsored the research and development of the modern computer and through DARPA subsidized the creation of the Internet. It maintains the global positioning system (GPS). Each of these technologies was made available to the public worldwide at no charge.
The DoD commissioned the design of the Ada programming language.
Related Legislation
- 1947 - National Security Act of 1947
- 1958 - Department of Defense Reorganization Act PL 85-899
- 1963 - Department of Defense Appropriations Act PL 88-149
- 1963 - Military Construction Authorization Act PL 88-174
- 1967 - Supplemental Defense Appropriations Act PL 90-8
- 1984 - Department of Defense Authorization Act PL 98-525
- 1986 - Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986 or Department of Defense Reorganization Act PL 99-433
- 1996 - Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act PL 104-132
External Links
- United States Department of Defense website
- DOD's missing $1.1 trillion
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "United States Department of Defense."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The United States Secretary of Defense is the head of the United States Department of Defense concerned with the armed services and military matters. The Secretary is a member of the President's Cabinet.This position was created in 1947, when the Navy, Army, and newly created Air Force were merged into the new Department of Defense. In the same massive reorganization, the Secretary of the Navy was changed to a non-Cabinet position placed under the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of War was replaced by the Secretary of the Army, also a non-Cabinet position under the Secretary of Defense.
Secretaries of Defense
Name Term of Office President(s) served under
James V. Forrestal September 17, 1947 - March 28, 1949 Harry S. Truman
Louis A. Johnson March 28, 1949 - September 19, 1950 Harry S. Truman
George C. Marshall September 21, 1950 - September 12, 1951 Harry S. Truman
Robert A. Lovett September 17, 1951 - January 20, 1953 Harry S. Truman
Charles E. Wilson January 28, 1953 - October 8, 1957 Dwight D. Eisenhower
Neil H. McElroy October 9, 1957 - December 1, 1959 Dwight D. Eisenhower
Thomas S. Gates December 2, 1959 - January 20, 1961 Dwight D. Eisenhower
Robert McNamara January 21, 1961 - February 29, 1968 John F. Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson
Clark Clifford March 1, 1968- January 20, 1969 Lyndon Johnson
Melvin Laird January 22, 1969 - January 29, 1973 Richard Nixon
Elliot L. Richardson January 30, 1973 - May 24, 1973 Richard Nixon
James R. Schlesinger July 2, 1973 - November 19, 1975 Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford
Donald H. Rumsfeld (1st time) November 20, 1975 - January 20, 1977 Gerald Ford
Harold Brown January 21, 1977 - January 20, 1981 Jimmy Carter
Caspar W. Weinberger January 21, 1981 - November 23, 1987 Ronald Reagan
Frank C. Carlucci November 23, 1987 - January 20, 1989 Ronald Reagan
Richard B. Cheney March 21, 1989 - January 20, 1993 George H. W. Bush
Les Aspin January 21, 1993 - February 3, 1994 Bill Clinton
William J. Perry February 3, 1994 - January 23, 1997 Bill Clinton
William S. Cohen January 24, 1997 - January 20, 2001 Bill Clinton
Donald H. Rumsfeld (2nd time) January 20, 2001 - present George W. Bush
External Links
- Histories of the Secretaries of Defense
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "United States Secretary of Defense."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| DEADS | English | Detroit Air Defense Sector | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: DefenseSynonyms: defence (n), defence force (n), defence mechanism (n), defence reaction (n), defending team (n), defense force (n), defense lawyers (n), defense mechanism (n), defense reaction (n), defense team (n), defensive measure (n), defensive structure (n), demurrer (n), denial (n), refutation (n), vindication (n). (additional references) |
| Antonyms: offense (n), prosecution (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Arms | Noun: arm, arms; weapon, deadly weapon; armament, armaments, armature; panoply, stand of arms; armor; (defense); armory; (store); apparatus belli. |
Defense | Phrase: defense not defiance; Dieu defend le droit; fidei defensor. |
Noun: defense, protection, guard, ward; shielding;Verb: propugnation, preservation; guardianship. | |
Area defense; site defense. | |
Adverb: defensively; on the defense, on the defensive; in defense; at bay, pro aris et focis. | |
Government | Office of the president, office of the prime minister, cabinet; senate, house of representatives, parliament; council; courts, supreme court; state, interior, labor, health and human services, defense, education, agriculture, justice, commerce, treasury; Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI; Central Intelligence Agency, CIA; NIH; Postal Service, Post Office; Federal Aviation Administration, FAA. |
Hindrance | Beaver dam; trocha; barricade; (defense); wall, dead wall, sea wall, levee breakwater, groyne; bulkhead, block, buffer; stopper; boom, dam, weir, burrock. |
Safety | Safe-conduct, escort, convoy; guard, shield; (defense); guardian angel; tutelary god, tutelary deity, tutelary saint; genius loci. |
Vindication | Advocate, defend, plead one's cause; stand up for, stick up for, speak up for; contend for, speak for; bear out, keep in countenance, support; plead say in defense; plead ignorance; confess and avoid, propugn, put in a good word for. |
Reply, defense; recrimination. | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | I don't think you're fit to handle this defense. (A Few Good Men; writing credit: Aaron Sorkin. Based on the play by Aaron Sorkin.) Q and the Minister of Defense. (Moonraker; writing credit: Christopher Wood) A Jedi uses the Force for knowledge and defense, never for attack (Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back; writing credit: George Lucas; Leigh Brackett) it was his only defense. (A Christmas Story; writing credit: Leigh Brown, Bob Clark, and Jean Shepherd.) It is years, Your Grace, since I buggered a boy And in my own defense, I must add, I thought him a girl at the moment of entry (Rob Roy; writing credit: Alan Sharp) | |
Lyrics | Offer up your best defense (The End of the Innocence; performing artist: Don Henley) What I need is a good defense (Criminal; performing artist: Fiona Apple) working in a defense plant (Draft Dodger Rag; performing artist: Phil Ochs) In our defense (Our Lips Are Sealed; performing artist: The Go-Go's) Wants one in self defense. (Who's Next?; performing artist: Tom Lehrer) | |
Clever | Michigan: First Line Of Defense From The Canadians (references; author: unknown) You work for a defense contractor if you find humor in Dilbert. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Deacons for Defense (2003) Rx for the Defense (1970) For the Defense Judd (1967) Self Defense... for Cowards (1962) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books | |||
Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies |
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Music |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | The Office of National Defense Malaria Control Activities, established in the offices of PHS, February 10, 1942, was renamed the Office of Malaria Control in War Areas, MCWA, April 27, 1942. Credit: CDC. |  | An F-16 jet fighter, 35 fighter Squadron, from Kunsan Air Base, Korea, takes off from Tsuiki AB, Japan, to engage Japanese jet fighters in an aerial training exercise in support of Keen Sword 03 on Nov. 12, 2002. Keen Sword is a bilateral defense exercis. |
 | Defense of Freedom Medal. |  | Penny DeFino was recognized as one of 18 outstanding Department of Defense employees with disabilities recently. DeFino works as a Unix system administrator for the Defense Information Systems Agency at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. (Courtesy pho. |
 | A look at the new Defense Department common access card. With an 32 kilobyte embedded computer chip, magnetic stripe and two bar codes, the "Smart Card" will eventually replace the standard military identification card. (File photo). |  | The Bronze Star Medal eligibility criteria was limited with the Fiscal 2001 National Defense Authorization Act passed by Congress. The Medal will be limited to those people receiving imminent danger pay. (Photo illustration by Virginia Reyes). |
 | Secretary of Defense William Cohen accompanied by his wife, Janet Langart Cohen, is greeted by the U.S. Air Forces in Europe Elite Guard during their arrival to Ramstein Air Base, Germany, Dec. 17. Cohen's Holiday Tour 2000 stop at Ramstein included perfo. |  | Master Sergeant Gayle Thomas and Hiroe Aoki, both members of the Defense Finance and Accounting Service-Japan, use a centralized disbursing system to verify yen payments to local vendors here. The mission of DFAS-J is to provide finance and accounting ser. |
 | This illustration shows the Affordable Moving Surface Target Engagement technology the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Air Force Research Laboratory are researching. The research program's second phase is set to begin this fall at the AF. |  | U.S. Air Forces in Europe commander Gen. Gregory Martin; his wife, Wendy; Secretary of Defense William Cohen; his wife, Janet Langart Cohen; and former astronaut John Glenn, lead the troops and family members in celebrating the Secretary of Defense Holida. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |
| "Carcassonne" by Christoph Burgdorfer Commentary: "A defense wall of the castle of carcassonne in southern france." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Author | Quotation |
Charles I | Never make a defense or apology before you are accused. |
Joseph Addison | Their is no defense against criticism except obscurity. |
Karl Von Clausewitz | Defense is the stronger form with the negative object, and attack the weaker form with the positive object. |
Lord Chesterfield | Ceremony is necessary as the outwork and defense of manners. |
Oliver Goldsmith | Wisdom makes a slow defense against trouble, though a sure one in the end. |
Senator Barry Goldwater | Extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice. Moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue. |
Sir P. Sidney | Commonly they whose tongue is their weapon, use their feet for defense. |
Sir Philip Sidney | Commonly they must use their feet for defense whose only weapon is their tongue. |
Wentworth Dillon | Immodest words admit if no defense, for want of decency is want of sense. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | The United States has already a Permanent Defense Agreement with the Dominion of Canada, which is so devotedly attached to the British Commonwealth and Empire. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
Roe v. Wade | 1973 | The District Court correctly refused injunctive, but erred in granting declaratory, relief to Hallford, who alleged no federally protected right not assertable as a defense against the good faith state prosecutions pending against him. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | And he put himself in a good position of defense, for Ruthie would attack him at the first opportunity, and he knew it. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | The body has a natural defense system called the immune system. (references) | |
This defense system fights against invading germs like viruses. (references) | ||
Viruses cause infection by overcoming the body's complex defense system. (references) | ||
Business | Danish defense companies are privately owned. (references) | |
However, few of these firms operate in the defense sector. (references) | ||
Increased competition is also taking place in the defense sector. (references) | ||
Children | Haiti | The Haitian Coalition for the Defense of the Rights of the Child (COHADDE) promotes children's rights by conducting awareness raising activities. (references) |
Russia | The NGO Society for the Defense of Invalids continued to work to broaden public awareness and understanding of problems concerning persons with disabilities by conducting workshops, roundtables with public officials, and training programs for the disabled. (references) | |
Brazil | In January 2000, Justica Global and the Macros Passerini Defense Fund filed a complaint with the IACHR accusing the state government and the federal authorities of failing to investigate the crimes; in November the IACHR gave the Government 2 months to investigate and stop the killings. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Russia | The Russian branch of the international writers' defense organization PEN strongly criticized her arrest. (references) |
Chile | Instead, this only can occur after a judicial review begun by a complaint filed by the autonomous State Defense Council. (references) | |
Indonesia | Following demonstrations against the law, the Parliament sent the law to the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Defense for revisions. (references) | |
Economic History | Sudan | Defense (2000 est.) 35% of GNP. (references) |
Russia | U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). (references) | |
Singapore | Defense (FY 2000): 4.9% of gross domestic product. (references) | |
Human Rights | Greece | Both the prosecution and the defense may appeal. (references) |
Switzerland | Under military law, the Government pays for defense costs. (references) | |
Uzbekistan | Only one defense witness--a character witness--was allowed. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Guatemala | On April 26, the UNCHR unanimously approved the creation of a Special Rapporteur for the defense of the rights of indigenous people. (references) |
Indonesia | The laws provisions include: acknowledgement of the Government's shortcomings in governing Papua; acknowledgement of the special cultural identity of Papuans and recognition of indigenous rights; establishment of a Human Rights Commission to clarify the history of Papua; redirection a large percentage of local revenues from the central government to the province; and a stipulation that the provincial government has authority in all fields, except foreign policy, defense, monetary and fiscal policy, religion, and justice. (references) | |
Minorities | Guyana | The civil service and defense and police forces overwhelmingly are staffed by Afro-Guyanese. (references) |
Political Economy | Samoa | The country does not have a defense force. (references) |
INDIA | Defense procurement through agents is not permitted. (references) | |
Maldives | The Director of the NSS reports to the Minister of Defense. (references) | |
Political Rights | Burundi | Progovernment ethnic Tutsis serve as Ministers of Defense and Foreign Affairs. (references) |
United Kingdom | Foreign affairs and defense continued to be the responsibility of the central government. (references) | |
Tonga | As Prime Minister, the Prince also holds five other ministerial portfolios, including those of defense and foreign affairs. (references) | |
Trade | China | Defense Trade and Munitions License Applications. (references) |
El Salvador | Firearms require a license from the Ministry of Defense. (references) | |
Uruguay | A new consumer defense law, approved in 2000, regulates labeling requirements. (references) | |
Travel | Sri Lanka | Sri Lankan defense regulations restrict travel in much of the island's northern area, including Wilpattu and Gal-Oya national parks. (references) |
Costa Rica | The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) separately assesses some foreign air carriers for suitability as official providers of air services. (references) | |
Egypt | Male dual nationals of military age who have not completed military service are not generally required to enlist in the armed forces; however, before they can leave Egypt, they must obtain an exemption certificate through the Ministry of Defense draft office. (references) | |
Women | Jordan | He claimed to have acted in defense of his family's honor. (references) |
Canada | Employment equity laws and regulations cover federal employees in all but the security and defense services. (references) | |
Cote d'Ivoire | Representatives of the Ivoirian Association for the Defense of Women (AIDF) state that spousal abuse (usually wife beating) occurs frequently and often leads to divorce. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Peru | Strikes may only be called in defense of labor rights. (references) |
Korea | Strikes are prohibited in government agencies, state-run enterprises, and defense industries. (references) | |
Romania | Intelligence, Ministry of Defense, and Ministry of Interior personnel are not allowed to unionize. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Al Hunt | Mr. Daniels, let's talk for just a moment about the defense budget. Candidate Bush promised a top-to-bottom Pentagon review, said we're going to invest in new technologies and get rid of some of the Clinton defense programs. |
Andrew Weil | You get them in many health food stores. There is a product out there called Microsoft that I like, there's another product called Host Defense. Read the labels, go to my web site for more information about it. |
Dominick Dunne | Well, I mean, Harland Braun, who is an excellent lawyer, by the way, excellent defense attorney whom I like, but I mean, from day one, he was putting out the stuff on Bonny Lee Bakley. I mean, it was relentless. |
Rush Limbaugh | Genuine cuts did occur in the federal budget during the Clinton-Gore years in the area of defense. |
Vice President Cheney | I don't think we've reached that conclusion yet, Bob. That's a decision, obviously, the secretary of defense, the current secretary, Don Rumsfeld, would have to come to and then make a recommendation to the president. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
John Adams | 1797-1801 | Hitherto, therefore, nothing is discoverable in the conduct of France which ought to change or relax our measures of defense. |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | For defense against invasion their number is as nothing, nor is it conceived needful or safe that a standing army should be kept up in time of peace for that purpose. |
Herbert C. Hoover | 1929-1933 | Peace can be contributed to by respect for our ability in defense. |
Dwight Eisenhower | 1953-1961 | Added to this, three and a half million men and women are directly engaged in the defense establishment. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | While we shall never weary in the defense of freedom, neither shall we ever abandon the pursuit of peace. |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | The American people want strong and effective international and defense policies. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | To ensure that we do so I am setting a growth rate for defense that we can sustain over the long haul. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Spending for defense is investing in things that are priceless--peace and freedom. |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | Each of them has volunteered to provide for this nation's defense. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | A dramatic increase in high tech investments to move us from a defense to a domestic economy. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Defense" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 98.54% of the time. "Defense" is used about 206 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 98.54% | 203 | 21,393 |
| Noun (proper) | 1.46% | 3 | 202,518 |
| Total | 100.00% | 206 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "defense". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Maasiai | N/A | Biblical | The defense |
| Secacah | N/A | Biblical | Defense |
| Sechu | N/A | Biblical | Defense |
| Shochoh | N/A | Biblical | Defense |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
Expressions using "defense": acting defense minister ♦ active air defense ♦ aerospace defense ♦ air defense ♦ air defense action area ♦ air defense area ♦ air defense artillery ♦ air defense command ♦ air defense commander ♦ air defense control ♦ air defense control center ♦ air defense early warning ♦ air defense ground environment ♦ air defense identification zone ♦ air defense missile ♦ air defense operations area ♦ air defense region ♦ air defense sector ♦ air defense ship ♦ area defense ♦ army air defense ♦ basic point defense missile system ♦ battalion defense area ♦ biological defense ♦ biological warfare defense ♦ build up the defense ♦ BW defense ♦ chemical defense ♦ civil defense ♦ counsel for the defense ♦ day air defense fighter ♦ defense Advanced Research Project Agency ♦ defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ♦ defense area ♦ defense attorney ♦ Defense Communication Agency ♦ defense Communications Agency ♦ defense contractor ♦ defense Data Network ♦ defense Data Network Network Information Center ♦ defense Department ♦ defense force ♦ Defense in abatement ♦ defense in depth ♦ defense industry ♦ defense Information Systems Agency ♦ defense lawyer ♦ defense lawyers ♦ defense levy ♦ defense line ♦ defense mechanism ♦ Defense Mechanisms ♦ defense minister ♦ defense not defiance ♦ defense policy ♦ defense program ♦ defense reaction ♦ defense readiness condition ♦ defense satellite ♦ defense secretary ♦ defense shipping authority ♦ defense system ♦ defense team ♦ defense Trade Regulations ♦ defense zone ♦ deliberate defense ♦ department of Defense ♦ department of Defense Network ♦ Five Years Defense Program ♦ Flank defense ♦ forward defense area ♦ general defense ♦ guided air defense missile ♦ harbor defense ♦ hasty defense ♦ home defense ♦ home defense act ♦ home defense board ♦ hungarian air defense troops ♦ hungarian defense forces ♦ immobile defense ♦ Insanity Defense ♦ layer of defense ♦ line of defense ♦ local defense ♦ main defense zone ♦ maneuvering defense ♦ maritime defense sector ♦ mine defense ♦ minister of defense ♦ ministry of defense ♦ missile defense system ♦ mobile defense ♦ national defense ♦ national forces for the defense of the nato area ♦ nato defense college ♦ Navy Area Defense ♦ Navy Theater Wide Defense ♦ NBC defense suit ♦ nuclear defense ♦ order for defense. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "defense": defense-ready. | |
Ending with "defense": In self-defense, self-defense, Self-Defense. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "defense"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | afweer (defence, defend). (various references) | |
Albanian | vendim pafajësie (defence), mbrojtje (advocacy, aegis, apology, assertion, Buckler, championship, conservation, cover, defence, keeping, patronage, protection, rampart, safeguard, security, tutelage, umbrella), justifikim (alibi, allowance, defence, exculpation, excuse, extenuation, justification, plea, warrant). (various references) | |
Arabic | كل ما يحمي أو يصون, محامي الدفاع (advocate), حماية (defence, guard, guardianship, insurance, patronage, preservation, protection, safeguard, security, sheltering), دفاع (apologia, apology, championship, defence, pleading, vindication). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | съпротива (defence, opposition, reluctance, resistance, stand, underground), отбрана (defence, defensive), защита (advocacy, answer, apology, bulwark, championship, counsel for the defense, defence, palladium, plea, pleading, protection, rampart, safeguard, security, shield, tower, vindication). (various references) | |
Chinese | 防禦 , 防御 (Castled, Castling, Defence, Defensive), 防務 , 維護 (maintain, protect, safeguard, uphold). (various references) | |
Czech | obrana (championship, defence, defensive, vindication), obhajoba (advocacy, defence, plea, vindication). (various references) | |
Danish | forsvar (defence). (various references) | |
Dutch | weer (afresh, again, all over again, anew, defence, once more, weather), verdediging (apology, defence), defensie (defence), afweer (defence). (various references) | |
Esperanto | defendo (defence), sindefendo (defence). (various references) | |
Farsi | پدافند (Defence), استحکامات (Defence, Rampart, Work), دفاع کردن (Advocate, Bield, Defence), دفاع (Advocacy, Defence, Munition, Pale). (various references) | |
Finnish | defenssimekanismi (defense mechanism), suojautumismekanismi (defense mechanism), puolustussatelliitti (defence satellite, defense satellite), puolustusmekanismi (defense mechanism), puolustus (defence, excuse). (various references) | |
French | défense (defence). (various references) | |
Frisian | definsje (defence), ferwar (defence), ferdigening (defence). (various references) | |
German | Abwehr (clearance, counter intelligence, counter-espionage service, defence, protection, rejection, repulse, save), wehr (barrage, defence, dike, embankment, lasher, weir), Verteidigung (apologia, backfield, defence, defenseUS, defensiveness, vindication). (various references) | |
Greek | υπεράσπιση (advocacy, championship, defence, plea, pleading). (various references) | |
Hebrew | הגנה (defence, protection, security, ward). (various references) | |
Hungarian | védelem (aegis, cover, defence, egis, evidence for the defence, protection, safeguard, save, shelter, shield, shielding, vindication). (various references) | |
Italian | difesa (championship, defence, fender, protection, resistance, screen, security, shelter, shield, stand). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 陳弁 (explanation), 防衛 (protection, self-defense), 防衛 (protection, self-defense), 防禦 (protection, safeguard), 防御 (protection, safeguard), 防備 (defensive preparations), 警備 (guard, policing, security), ディーゼル電気車 (daemon, daily news, day, day and date, day bed, day pack, day'n'date, dealer, debate, debug, debugger, decay, decentralization, deduction, deep, deep kiss, default, defender, Defender Plan, definition, delay, delayed steal, delay-line, demand-pull inflation, deoxyribo, depletion, deregulation, deschooling, describe, descriptor, destination, destructor, detail, detector, Deus, developer, device, dictionary, dieldrin, diesel electric car, differential gear, differentiation, diffusion index, digital, digital camera, digital voltmeter, dilettante, dilettantism, dimension, diminuendo, dimple, dinghy, dinner, dinner dress, dinner jacket, dinner party, dinner set, dinner suit, dip, diploma, director, directory, disc jockey, disclosure, Discman, disco, disco sound, discography, disconnect, discontinue, discotheque, discount, discount sale, discount store, discover, discoverer, discrete, discussion, disinflation, disk, disk brake, disk jockey, diskette, diskless, diskman, Disney, Disneyland, dispatch, dispatcher, dispel, dispenser, displacement, display, disposer, disrupt, dissolve, distance, distortion, distribution, distributor, disturb, divertimento, divided skirt, divider, divot, French kiss), 拠守 , 受け (agreement, holder, receiving, reputation), 弁護 (advocacy, pleading), 弁疏 (excuse, plea), 守備 , 守り (charm, protection, safeguard, talisman), 固め (fortifying, hardening, pledge). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ディフェンス , しゅび (beginning and end, course of events, issue), きょしゅ (raisingone's hand, salute), べんご (advocacy, pleading), べんそ (excuse, plea), まもり (charm, protection, safeguard, talisman), ぼうぎょ (protection, safeguard), ぼうび (defensive preparations), ぼうえい (protection, self-defense), うけ (agreement, holder, receiving, reputation, streak of good luck), かため (fortifying, hardening, one eye, pledge), けいび (guard, insignificant, little, policing, security, slight), ちんべん (explanation). (various references) | |
Korean | 방위 (Bearing, Defence). (various references) | |
Papiamen | defensa (defence). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | efenseday.(various references) | |
Portuguese | defesa (advantage, aegis, avail, behoof, blindage, boot, breastwork, bunce, cover-point, defence, egis, fender, fireguard, household troops, interdiction, maintenance, parry, pleading, preservation, profit, protection, save, security, shield, spar, tower, vindication, ward). (various references) | |
Russian | оборона (defence, defense work, defensive), защита защитный (defence), защита (advocacies, advocacy, aegis, ammunition, assertion, bulwark, championship, defence, keeping, pleading, protected tub, protected tubs, protection, protector, safer, shield, vindication), запрещение (ban, defence, disallowance, inhibition, interdict, interdiction, prohibition, proscription, suppression, taboo). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | odbrana (apology, defence). (various references) | |
Spanish | defensa (advocacy, assertion, Buckler, championship, defence, excuse, full back, guard, hedge, pleading, protection, rampart). (various references) | |
Swedish | värn (defence, guard, shield), försvar (advocacy, championship, charge, custody, defence, defending, justification, plea, vindication). (various references) | |
Turkish | doğrulama (affirmation, avowal, confirmation, correction, corroboration, defence, recognition, support, testification, verification), defans oyuncusu (back, defence), davalı (defence, defendant, libelee, libellee, respondent), savunma silahları (defence), savunma (advocacy, apologia, apology, argument, defence, defending, defensive, hearing, justification, plea, pleadings, rampart, self defence, self-defense, speech, vindication), sanık (accused, culprit, defence, defendant, prisoner at the bar, respondent, suspect), koruma (aegis, asylum, auspices, bodyguard, conservancy, conservation, convoy, covering, custody, defending, escort, Favor, favour, guard, guarding, indemnity, keeping, lifeguard, maintenance, patronage, preservation, protection, protective, retention, safeguard, safekeeping, shade, shadow, shield, tutelage, umbrella). (various references) | |
Turkmen | pena (covering). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | виправдання (absolution, acquittal, acquittance, alibi, allowance, apology, defence, exculpation, excuse, explanation, justification, palliation, warrant, warranty, whitewash), оборона (advocacy, defence, defensive, resistance), захист (advocacy, aegis, answer, apology, bulwark, championship, defence, egis, maintenance, palladium, panoply, protection, shield, ward). (various references) | |
Welsh | amddiffyniad (protection). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | arce, arcem, arci, arcis, arcum, custodia, custodiae, custodiam, custodiarum, custodias, custodiasque, custodiis, defensis, defensum, dictionis, munimenta, munimentum, propugnaculum, tutamen, tutamen, tutaminis. (various references) |
| Old French | 900-1400 | garison. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Acts Chapter 22, Verse 1 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | AndreV adelfoi kai patereV akousate mou thV proV umaV nun apologiaV |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Viri fratres et patres audite quam ad vos nunc reddo rationem |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | Britheren and fadris, here ye what resoun Y yelde now to you. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | Ye men brethre and fathers heare myne answere which I make vnto you. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | Men, brethren, and fathers, hear ye my defence which I make now unto you. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | Men, brethren, and fathers, hear ye my defense which I make now to you. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | My brothers and fathers, give ear to the story of my life which I now put before you. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Acts Chapter 22, Verse 1 |
| Albanian | ''Vëllezër dhe etër, dëgjoni çfarë ju them tani për mbrojtjen time''. |
| Cebuano | ¶ "Mga kaigsoonan ug mga ginikanan, pamatii kining pangatarungan nga karon akong pagahimoon sa inyong atubangan." |
| Chinese | 諸 位 父 兄 請 聽 、 我 現 在 對 你 們 分 訴 。 |
| Croatian | "Braæo i oci, poslušajte što æu vam sad u svoju obranu reæi." |
| Danish | " I Mænd, Brødre og Fædre! hører nu mit forsvar over for eder!" |
| Dutch | Mannen broeders en vaders, hoort mijn verantwoording, die ik tegenwoordig tot u doen zal. |
| Finnish | "Miehet, veljet ja isät, kuulkaa, mitä minä nyt teille puolustuksekseni puhun". |
| French | Hommes frères et pères, écoutez ce que j`ai maintenant à vous dire pour ma défense! |
| German | Ihr Männer, liebe Brüder und Väter, hört mein Verantworten an euch. |
| Haitian Creole | ¶ Frèm yo, grandèt mwen yo, koute sa m' pral di nou koulye a pou defann tèt mwen. |
| Hungarian | Atyámfiai, férfiak és atyák, hallgassátok meg az én beszédemet, a melylyel most magamat elõttetek mentem. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | "Bapak-bapak dan Saudara-saudara sekalian! Saya akan mengemukakan pembelaan saya kepadamu. Coba dengarkan!" |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | "Hai Tuan-tuan, Saudara-saudara dan orang tua-tua, dengarlah kiranya akan jawab yang aku katakan sekarang ini kepadamu!" |
| Italian | «Fratelli e padri, ascoltate la mia difesa davanti a voi». |
| Latvian | Brâïi un tçvi, uzklausiet tagad aizstâvçðanos, kâdu es jums teikðu! |
| Maori | ¶ E oku tuakana, e oku matua, whakarongo ki tenei korero aku ki a koutou. |
| Norwegian | Brødre og fedre! Hør på det jeg nu vil si eder til mitt forsvar! |
| Rumanian | ,,Frayilor wi pqrinyilor, ascultayi acum cuvkntul meu de apqrare fayq de voi!`` |
| Russian | нХЦЙ ВТБФЙС Й ПФГЩ! ЧЩУМХЫБКФЕ ФЕРЕТШ НПЕ ПРТБЧДБОЙЕ РЕТЕД ЧБНЙ. |
| Shuar | ¶ Papru chichaak juna Tímiayi: "Yatsurtiram, tura uuntur árumna nu antuktarum. Wikia Pápruitjai. Kíishtumaktaj tusan Títiatjana nu waitneasrum anturtuktarum" Tímiayi. |
| Spanish | --Hermanos y padres, oíd ahora mi defensa ante vosotros. |
| Swahili | "Ndugu zangu na akina baba, nisikilizeni sasa nikijitetea mbele yenu!" |
| Swedish | Paulus' tal till folket i Jerusalem. Judarnas förbittring. |
| Uma | ¶ Na'uli': "Tuama-tuama, ompi' hawe'ea! Pe'epei-ka-kuwo, ku'uli' -kokoi noa' -ku." |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "defense": defensed, defenseless, defenselessly, defenselessness, defenselessnesses, defenseman, defensemen, defenses. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "defense": nondefense. (additional references) | |
| |
"Defense" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: defease, defeence, defen, defence, defenced, defens, Defensa, defensed, defness, Dejene, demense, depense, Derenne, Detencao, detense, Dienste, diffence, duense, Ndoffene. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "defense" (pronounced dufe"ns) |
| 6 | d u f e" n s | defence, nondefense. |
| 5 | -u f e" n s | offense. |
| 4 | -f e" n s | fence. |
| 3 | -e" n s | commence, commonsense, condense, dense, dispense, expense, hence, immense, incense, intense, pence, pretense, sense, Spence, suspense, tense, thence, whence. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "d-e-e-e-f-n-s" | |
-2 letters: denes, dense, feeds, fends, needs. | |
-3 letters: dees, dene, dens, ends, feds, feed, fees, fend, fens, need, seed, seen, send, sene, sned. | |
-4 letters: dee, den, eds, efs, end, ens, fed, fee, fen, nee, see, sen. | |
-5 letters: de, ed, ef, en, es, ne. | |
| Words containing the letters "d-e-e-e-f-n-s" | |
+1 letter: defences, defensed, defenses, enserfed. | |
+2 letters: bedeafens, defenders, defensive, deferents, freshened, redefines. | |
+3 letters: deafnesses, defeasance, defenseman, defensemen, defensible, defensives, deferences, deferments, deftnesses, fenderless, needlefish, nondefense, predefines, refastened, underfeeds. | |
+4 letters: defacements, defeasances, defeminizes, defenseless, defensively, defilements, definements, differences, fenestrated, fetidnesses, fixednesses, heedfulness, needfulness, referendums, refreshened. | |
+5 letters: affectedness, confederates, defenestrate, deficiencies, definiteness, deforcements, fervidnesses, giftednesses, indefeasible, indefensible, needlefishes, reidentifies. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Familiar 10. Quotations: Historic 11. Quotations: Fiction 12. Quotations: Non-fiction | 13. Quotations: Spoken 14. Quotations: Speeches 15. Usage Frequency 16. Names: Derived from | 17. Expressions 18. Expressions: Internet 19. Translations: Modern 20. Translations: Ancient | 21. Bible Trace 22. Abbreviations 23. Acronyms 24. Derivations | 25. Rhymes 26. Anagrams 27. Bibliography |
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