Decentralization

The term decentralization has been discussed in relation to modern and pre-modern codes and paradigms. This critique seeks to narrate the postmodern interpretation of the postmodern word "decentralization".

But first we must briefly define centralization.

Centralization is a psycho-social propensity towards a dominance system based on a fixed hierarchy. See also politics, religion, sociobiology.

Postmodernism, which literally means "after what is now", incorporates information theory and nonlinear dynamics. (See also: information dynamics) The most topical idea in postmodernism is the rejection of all metanarratives. By rejecting the meta-narrative, postmodernism rejects centralization.

Centralization is a solution to the fundamental philosophical problem of "human welfare", economy, and efficiency. - That the ideal would be a central organizing device that, by being central, can relate all problems to each other and in a sense "solve for all variables". Centralization believes that important sociological decisions belong in the hands of a few, and assumes "a priori" that they are capable of managing these decisions.

Decentralization thinks about sociological dynamics in terms of information channels and cybernetics. It rejects the assumption that hierarchies are in-themselves "optimal" for any purpose, but considers them, on the contrary, arbitrary structures. But decentralization is not anti-hierarchy, rather it is only anti- central and fixed hierarchy. Nor is decentralization pro-anarchy, but is rather the antithesis of anarchy, insofar as aristocracy is the ultimate result of anarchy.

Decentralization puts the "power" in the hands of information. It believes that power structures emerge out of social dynamics, and those social dynamics are exercised through information channels such as media technologies. It believes, furthermore, that information is necessary to solve problems, whether they be social, economic, or what have you, and that it is beneficial to those who are effected by a problem to have clean and effective information channels to the problematic, efficient means to solve the problems, and effective information channels to communicate their situation to other organizations who may be in different situations, but are nonetheless dependant on the state of this organization.

Decentralization is the belief that the interdependencies of these organizations cannot be simplified into a hierarchical structure or "solved" via a "top-down" approach. The solutions must, on the contrary, be solved at each point from each perspective, and the solutions transmitted to the other points and re-evaluated continuously.

A fixed hierarchical structure would inhibit the healthy dynamics of such a system. It would, for instance, create longer information channels, susceptible to more noise and separated further from the problematic, in such instances where a short feedback loop would be more effective.

In the end, centralization believes that information channels should have a fixed, rigid, and hierarchical structure, whereas decentralization (and postmodernists) believe that information channels are by nature, and should be, fluid and adaptive.

This is not to say that decentralization prefers a meshwork, i.e. transactions between members of roughly equal power. Rather, decentralization prefers something like a self-organizing map; a spatially dissipative structure. (See: self-organized criticality.) And a system where power relations are formed through play. (read: "How the Leopard Changed it's Spots") In such systems, hierarchies are actually quite common but never fully solidify, and there is never a "grand hierarchy".

Decentralists do not believe that information channels shouldn't exist and therefore that power relations should not exist, but rather that there should be more of them, and that they should be cleaner and more direct. Whereas centralization seeks one, all encompassing information channel, decentralization seeks many simultaneous information channels, and rejects the idea they should be or even can be merged into one.

See also: emergence.

Commercial Usage: Decentralization

Non-Fiction Usage: Decentralization

Subject	Topic	Quote
Business		However there are some interesting decentralization trends. (references)
		DHSV's current approach favors decentralization of service provision. (references)
		Economic decentralization has increased the authority of regional officials. (references)
Civil Liberties	Cote d'Ivoire	The Minister of State for Interior and Decentralization publicly accused the imams of hiding arms in their mosques. (references)
Economic History	Indonesia	These licensing procedures may be substantially affected by decentralization. (references)
	Croatia	Decentralization came in 1965, allowing growth of certain sectors, like the tourist industry. (references)
Minorities	Slovak Republic	As the issue of decentralization was discussed, the SMK threatened on several occasions to leave the Government. (references)
	Guinea	The conflict eased after a visit by the Minister of Territorial Administration and Decentralization, but the region remained tense. (references)
Political Economy	Armenia	A law on self-government, passed in 1996, calls for some decentralization and fiscal independence for local governments. (references)
Political Rights	Greece	Members of the Muslim community noted that this decentralization has been a positive factor in local and regional development. (references)
	Chad	In January 2000, the Constitutional Court rejected a decree redrawing provincial borders and separately rejected the bill on decentralization. (references)
	Bhutan	There are elected or partially elected assemblies at the local, district, and national levels, and the Government claims to encourage decentralization and citizen participation. (references)
Trade	Indonesia	Also, new laws on regional autonomy and fiscal decentralization have granted significant new powers to the provincial and sub-provincial governments. (references)
	Ecuador	The new law provides for equal treatment, recognition and validation of free sale certificates, better expiration terms, and decentralization of the process. (references)
Worker Rights	Cote d'Ivoire	The committee includes representatives from the Ministries of Foreign Affairs, Interior, Security and Decentralization, Justice, Labor, Agriculture, Communication, Social Affairs and National Solidarity, and Family, Women, and Children's Affairs. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Usage Frequency: Decentralization

Expression: Decentralization

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Decentralization

Modern Translations: Decentralization

Language		Translations for "decentralization"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Albanian		decentralizim. (various references)

Arabic		‏اللامركزية, ‏اللاتركزية. (various references)

Bulgarian		децентрализация. (various references)

Chinese		分权 (decentralisation, decentralise, decentralised, decentralising, Decentralize, decentralized, decentralizing). (various references)

Czech		decentralizace (devolution). (various references)

Danish		decentralisering. (various references)

Dutch		decentralisering, decentralisatie. (various references)

Finnish		hajasijoitus. (various references)

French		décentralisation. (various references)

German		dezentralisierung. (various references)

Greek		αποκέντρωση. (various references)

Hebrew		פצול (break up, split, splitting), בזור (dispersion). (various references)

Hungarian		decentralizálás (devolution), szétosztás (allocation, apportionment, break up, dispensation, dispensing, disposition, distribution). (various references)

Indonesian		desentralisasi (decentralisation). (various references)

Italian		decentramento. (various references)

Japanese Kanji		集権�'除 , ディーゼル電気車 (daemon, daily news, day, day and date, day bed, day pack, day'n'date, dealer, debate, debug, debugger, decay, deduction, deep, deep kiss, default, defender, Defender Plan, defense, definition, delay, delayed steal, delay-line, demand-pull inflation, deoxyribo, depletion, deregulation, deschooling, describe, descriptor, destination, destructor, detail, detector, Deus, developer, device, dictionary, dieldrin, diesel electric car, differential gear, differentiation, diffusion index, digital, digital camera, digital voltmeter, dilettante, dilettantism, dimension, diminuendo, dimple, dinghy, dinner, dinner dress, dinner jacket, dinner party, dinner set, dinner suit, dip, diploma, director, directory, disc jockey, disclosure, Discman, disco, disco sound, discography, disconnect, discontinue, discotheque, discount, discount sale, discount store, discover, discoverer, discrete, discussion, disinflation, disk, disk brake, disk jockey, diskette, diskless, diskman, Disney, Disneyland, dispatch, dispatcher, dispel, dispenser, displacement, display, disposer, disrupt, dissolve, distance, distortion, distribution, distributor, disturb, divertimento, divided skirt, divider, divot, French kiss), 分散 (dispersion, variance). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		ディセントラリゼーション , しゅうけ�"はいじょ, ぶ�"さ�" (dispersion, distribution, variance). (various references)

Korean		분산함 (decentralisation). (various references)

Manx		jee-veanaghey (decentralize, devolution, devolve). (various references)

Pig Latin		ecentralizationday.(various references)

Portuguese		descentralização. (various references)

Romanian		descentralizare. (various references)

Russian		децентрализация. (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		decentralizacija. (various references)

Spanish		descentralización. (various references)

Swedish		decentralisering. (various references)

Turkish		sorumluluğun dağıtılması, merkezden yönetilmeme. (various references)

Ukranian		децентралізація. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Derivations & Misspellings: Decentralization

Rhyming with "Decentralization"

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "decentralization" (pronounced duse'ntruluzā"shun)
13	-s e' n t r u l u z ā" sh u n	centralization.
10	-t r u l u z ā" sh u n	neutralization.
9	-r u l u z ā" sh u n	demoralization, liberalization, sterilization.
8	-u l u z ā" sh u n	cannibalization, capitalization, civilization, commercialization, criminalization, decriminalization, deinstitutionalization, denationalization, destabilization, equalization, fertilization, generalization, globalization, hospitalization, industrialization, institutionalization, internationalization, legalization, localization, marginalization, mineralization, mobilization, monopolization, nationalization, naturalization, normalization, personalization, radicalization, rationalization, recapitalization, renationalization, revitalization, socialization, specialization, stabilization, utilization, visualization.
7	-l u z ā" sh u n	realization.
6	-u z ā" sh u n	accusation, alphabetization, amortization, authorization, balkanization, categorization, characterization, collectivization, colonization, colorization, communization, computerization, dehumanization, demilitarization, democratization, demonization, denuclearization, desalinization, disorganization, dramatization, harmonization, hybridization, immunization, improvisation, ionization, magnetization, maximization, mechanization, miniaturization, mischaracterization, modernization, optimization, organisation, organization, pasteurization, polarization, politicization, popularization, pressurization, privatization, reauthorization, reorganization, securitization, standardization, subsidization, suburbanization, unionization, urbanization, vaporization, victimization, vulgarization, westernization.
5	-z ā" sh u n	causation, demobilization.
4	-ā" sh u n	abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abomination, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accumulation, acidification, activation, adaptation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, amelioration, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authentication, automation, aviation, avocation, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, capitulation, carnation, castration, celebration, certification, cessation, cetacean, citation, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, coloration, combination, commemoration, commendation, communication, compensation, compilation, complication, computation, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, dedication, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehydration, deification, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demodulation, demonstration, denomination, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, disqualification, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equitation, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, falsification, fascination, federation, fermentation, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generation, gentrification, germination, gestation, glaciation, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, hesitation, hibernation, humiliation, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, invocation, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, lactation, legislation, levitation, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, location, lubrication, machination, magnification, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, masturbation, maturation, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, migration, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, moderation, modification, modulation, molestation, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, navigation, negation, negotiation, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, notation, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, oration, orchestration, ordination, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personification, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, pollination, pontification, population, precipitation, predestination, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, privation, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, ramification, ratification, reaffirmation, reallocation, recalculation, recantation, recertification, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reparation, repatriation, replication, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revocation, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, saturation, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, solicitation, sophistication, specification, speculation, stagflation, stagnation, starvation, station, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, substantiation, suffocation, summation, superstation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, usurpation, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, variation, vegetation, ventilation, verification, vibration, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, vocation.
3	-sh u n	abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Domain	Definitions
Building & Civil Engineering	The distribution of administrative powers which have been concentrated in a single centre(1); the movement of people, jobs and activities from the centre or core of major metropolitan areas to suburban and outlying locations within their daily urban system(2). Source: European Union. (references)
Economics	The systematic and consistent delegation of authority to the levels where the work is performed. Source: European Union. (references)
Medicine	In the industrial relations context, term referring to the trend consisting in a more away from collective bargaining at industry level towards local bargaining at company level. Source: European Union. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Domain	Title
Books	Critical Issues in Cross-National Public Administration: Privatization, Democratization, Decentralization (reference) Decentralization and Reform in Africa (reference) Decentralization in Nepal: A Comparative Analysis: A Report on the Participatory District Development Program (reference) Development, Decentralization and Democracy: Exploring Social Capital and Politicization in the Bengal Region (Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, num (reference) Fiscal Decentralization in Developing Countries (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	100%	243	19,167

Expression	Frequency per Day
decentralization	23
centralization or decentralization	6
decentralization environmental	3
fiscal decentralization	3
business decentralization	2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Derivations
	Words beginning with "decentralization": decentralizations. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Decentralization" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: recentralization. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "decentralization": decentralization-process.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-a-c-d-e-e-i-i-l-n-n-o-r-t-t-z"
	-2 letters: centralization, renationalized.
	-3 letters: cartelization, containerized, denationalize, derealization, interactional, intercalation, renationalize, tenderization.
	-4 letters: acetonitrile, antielectron, containerize, deracination, eternization, indoctrinate, intercalated, internalized, laterization, nationalized, nationalizer, orientalized, ratiocinated, rationalized.
	-5 letters: acetanilide, altercation, alternation, centralized, crenelation, decantation, declaration, declination, delectation, delineation, dereliction, dictatorial, directional, eradication, incinerated, interaction, intercalate, interdental, internalize, intolerance, nationalize, nonliterate, orientalize, ratiocinate, rationalize, realization, recanalized, recantation, redactional, retaliation, traditional.
	Words containing the letters "a-a-c-d-e-e-i-i-l-n-n-o-r-t-t-z"
	+1 letter: decentralizations.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Decentralization

Definition: Decentralization