Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Dearth

Definitions: Dearth

Dearth

Noun

1. A severe shortage (especially a shortage of food).

2. An insufficient quantity or number.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "dearth" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references)

Etymology: Dearth \Dearth\, noun. [from Old English expression derthe, from dere. See Dear.]. (Websters 1913)



Specialty Definitions: Dearth

DomainDefinitions

Bible

Dearth a scarcity of provisions (1 Kings 17). There were frequent dearths in Palestine. In the days of Abram there was a "famine in the land" (Gen. 12:10), so also in the days of Jacob (47:4, 13). We read also of dearths in the time of the judges (Ruth 1:1), and of the kings (2 Sam. 21:1; 1 Kings 18:2; 2 Kings 4:38; 8:1). In New Testament times there was an extensive famine in Palestine (Acts 11:28) in the fourth year of the reign of the emperor Claudius (A.D. 44 and 45). Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Synonyms: Dearth

Synonyms: famine (n), paucity (n), shortage (n). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Dearth

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Dullness

Noun: dullness, heaviness, flatness; infestivity ; stupidity; want of originality; dearth of ideas.

Insufficiency

Scarcity, dearth; want, need, lack, poverty, exigency; inanition, starvation, famine, drought.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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.

Crosswords: Dearth

English words defined with "dearth": Derth. (references)
Specialty definitions using "dearth": BirdsDeath in the PotStarving. (references)
Etymologies containing "dearth": Derth. (references)

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Commercial Usage: Dearth

DomainTitle

Books

  • Construction and Utilization of Visual AIDS in Dental Health Education: Florean Dearth (reference)

  • Dearth, Public Policy and Social Disturbance in England, 1550-1800 (New Studies in Economic and Social History) (reference)

  • From Dearth to Plenty: The Modern Revolution in Food Production (reference)

  • The Birth Dearth (reference)

    (more book examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Dearth

Illustrations:
Dearth

More images...

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Non-Fiction Usage: Dearth

SubjectTopicQuote

Business

The main one always was a dearth of capital available to finance lease transactions. (references)

China lacks the resources needed to research and develop high efficiency, high-tech, low toxicity pesticides due to a shortage of financial resources and a dearth of qualified researchers. (references)

Economic History

Afghanistan

Historically, there has been a dearth of information and reliable statistics about Afghanistan's economy. (references)

Switzerland

Despite a dearth of natural resources, the Swiss economy is among the world's most advanced and prosperous. (references)

Bahrain

A major weakness confronting the government's bid to attract visitors is the dearth of public beaches in Bahrain. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Dearth

"Dearth" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Dearth" is used about 119 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)100%11929,501

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Name Usage Frequency: Dearth

The following table summarizes the usage of "dearth" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified.
NameUsage/GenderUsage per 100
million Persons
Rank in USA
DearthLast name1,00012,073
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expression: Dearth

Expression using "dearth": dearth of ideas. Additional references.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Dearth

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

david dearth

15

dearth

7

dearth motor

3

the birth dearth

3

bill dearth

2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Dearth

Language Translations for "dearth"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

zi (bereavement, black, famine, mourning, sables), uri (famine, hunger), mungesë (absence, absentness, deficiency, deficit, destitution, lack, Miss, non-attendance, poverty, scarcity, shortcoming, short-fall, want, Wantage). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏مجاعة (famine, starvation, wolf), ‏قلة (few, jar, lack, morsel, paucity, rareness, scarceness, shortage). (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

скъпотия (costliness), оскъдица (scarcity, sparsity), недоимък (insufficiency, lack, penury). (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

缺乏 (Deficiencies, Deficiency, lack, Lacked, lacking, scant, scarce, scarcity). (various references)

   

Czech

  

drahota (costliness, dearness). (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

کمیابی وگرانی , کمبود (Deficiency, Deficit, Leakage, Shortage, Shortcoming), قحطوغلا. (various references)

   

French

  

disette, manque (default, deficiency, deficit). (various references)

   

German

  

mangel (absence, bad work, blemish, default, defect, deficiency, deficit, desideratum, drought, fault, flaw, imperfection, lack, mangle, need, needs, paucity, penury, poverty, privation, privations, rotary iron, scarcities, scarcity, shortage, shortcoming, vise, want, wringer). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

έλλειψη (absence, default of, defect, deficiency, ellipse, ellipsis, failing, lack, scarcity, shortage, shortage of, shortcoming, starving, want), ανεπάρκεια τροφίμων. (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

מצער (deplorable, distressing, fewness, grievous, lamentable, littleness, paucity, regrettable, sad, saddening, smallness, sore, sorrowful), יוקר (costliness, dearness, expensiveness), בצורת (drought, scarcity), צמצום (brevity, condensation, contraction, limitation, penury, reduction, restriction, retrenchment, scantiness), "ירות (infrequency, rareness, rarity, scarceness, scarcity). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

ínség (distress, esurience, esuriency, famine, necessity, need, pauperization, penury, poverty). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

kekurangan (absence, dearth of, default, deficiency, demerit, famine, lack, short of, shortage). (various references)

   

Italian

  

scarsit (lack, poorness, scarceness, scarcity, shortage, slenderness), carestia (famine). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

払底 (famine, scarcity, shortage). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

ふそく (accidental, additional clause, additional rules, by-laws, deficiency, insufficiency, lack, shortage, supplementary provisions, unexpected, unforeseen), ふってい (famine, scarcity, shortage). (various references)

   

Manx

  

gortey (destitution, famine, hurt, injure, injury, scarceness, smart, starvation), genney (destitution, paucity, scarceness, shortness, slenderness). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

earthday.(various references)

   

Portuguese

  

escassez (famine, paucity, scarcity, shortage, stringency, want). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

sãrãcie (baldness, barrenness, destitution, impecuniosity, indigence, meanness, misery, necessity, neediness, poverty, privation, scantiness, scarceness, scarcity, sterility, stringency, want), raritate (curio, rare, rarity, scantiness, scarceness, scarcity, singularity), lipsã (absence, blemish, default, defect, deficiency, demerit, destitution, drawback, failure, fault, gap, hardship, imperfection, lack, minus, mistake, necessity, neediness, out, paucity, penury, poverty, privation, scantiness, scarceness, shortage, shortcoming, stinginess, stringency, vice, want), foamete (famine, starvation). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

нехватка (defect, deficit, failure, shortage, shortages, shortfall, wantage). (various references)

   

Scottish

  

daorsainn (bondage, slavery). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

skupoća (costliness, expensiveness, fancy prices, high cost), oskudica (destitution, lack, necessity, need, penury, privation, scarceness, scarcity, want, wantage), nestašica (lack, paucity, scarceness, scarcity, shortage, want). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

carestía (dearness, famine, shortage). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

brist (absence, defect, deficiency, deficit, demerit, desideratum, destitution, disadvantage, failing, failure, fault, flaw, imperfection, lack, need, poverty, scarcity, scarity, shortage, shortcoming, short-fall, want, warp). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

yokluk (absence, absentness, exiguity, failure, famine, hardship, lack, neediness, nonappearance, non-appearance, nonexistence, non-existence, nudity, penury, poverty, privation, shortage, Strait, straits, tightness, want), kıtlık (drought, exiguity, failure, famine, paucity, penury, scantiness, scantness, scarceness, scarcity, shortage, slimness, sparseness, sparsity), eksiklik (defalcation, defect, defectiveness, deficiency, deficit, desideratum, failing, failure, flimsiness, imperfection, inadequacy, incompetence, insufficiency, lack, Lacuna, lameness, negation, poverty, shortage, shortcoming, shortness, sketchiness, void), açlık (famine, hollowness, hunger, starvation). (various references)

   

Ukranian 

  

недостача (absence, failure, lack, need, non-availability, penury, poverty, scarcity, shortage, shortcoming, shortfall, shortness, want), брак (brack, defect, deficiency, discard [tech.], reject, spoilage, waster), дорожнеча (dearness). (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

sự thiếu (default, insufficience, insufficiency, lack, scantiness, shortage, want), sự khan hiếm sự đói kém. (various references)

   

Welsh

  

drudaniaeth (paucity, scarcity). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Dearth

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Latin500 BCE-Modern

inopia, inopiae, inopiam. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Bible Trace: Dearth

LanguageDateSourceActs Chapter 7, Verse 11
Greek (transliterated)250 BCSeptuagintHlqen de limoV ef olhn thn ghn aiguptou kai canaan kai qliyiV megalh kai ouc euriskon cortasmata oi patereV hmwn
Latin405VulgateVenit autem fames in universam Aegyptum et Chanaan et tribulatio magna et non inveniebant cibos patres nostri
Middle English1395WyclifAnd hungur cam in to al Egipt, and Canaan, and greet tribulacioun; and oure fadris founden not mete.
Renaissance English1526TyndaleThen came ther a derth over all the londe of Egipt and Canaan and great affliccion that our fathers founde no sustenauce.
Jacobean English1611King JamesNow there came a dearth over all the land of Egypt and Chanaan, and great affliction: and our fathers found no sustenance.
Victorian English1833WebsterNow there came a dearth over all the land of Egypt and Canaan, and great affliction; and our fathers found no sustenance.
Basic English1964OgdenNow there was no food to be had in all Egypt and Canaan, and there was great trouble: and our fathers were not able to get food.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Matched Bible Translations: Dearth

LanguageActs Chapter 7, Verse 11
AlbanianPor ra një zi buke dhe u bë një shtrëngesë në gjithë vendin e Egjiptit dhe të Kanaanit, dhe etërit tanë nuk gjenin ushqime.
BulgarianИ настана глад по цялата Египетска и Ханаанска земя и голямо бедствие; и бащите ни не намираха прехрана.
CebuanoUg unya miabut ang gutom ug ang dakung kagul-anan sa tibuok Egipto ug Canaan, ug ang atong mga ginikanan walay hingkaplagang mga makaon.
Chinese後 來 埃 及 ' 迦 南 全 地 遭 遇 饑 ' 、 大 受 艱 難 、 我 們 的 祖 宗 、 就 絕 了 糧 。
CroatianOnda u cijeloj zemlji egipatskoj i kanaanskoj nasta glad i nevolja velika: oci naši ne mogahu naæi hrane.
DanishMen der kom Hungersnød over hele Ægypten og Kanån og en stor Trængsel, og vore Fædre fandt ikke Føde.
DutchEn er kwam een hongersnood over het gehele land van Egypte en Kanaan, en grote benauwdheid; en onze vaders vonden geen spijs.
FinnishJa tuli nälänhätä koko Egyptiin ja Kanaaniin ja suuri vaiva, eivätkä meidän isämme saaneet mistään ravintoa.
FrenchIl survint une famine dans tout le pays d`Égypte, et dans celui de Canaan. La détresse était grande, et nos pères ne trouvaient pas de quoi se nourrir.
GermanEs kam aber eine teure Zeit über das ganze Land Ägypten und Kanaan und große Trübsal, und unsere Väter fanden nicht Nahrung.
Haitian CreoleApre sa, vin gen yon grangou nan tout peyi Lejip ak nan peyi Kanaran. Moun t'ap soufri anpil. Zansèt nou yo pa t' jwenn anyen pou yo te manje.
HungarianKövetkezék pedig éhség Égyiptom és Kanaán egész földére, és nagy nyomorúság; és nem találnak vala eledelt a mi atyáink.
Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hariKemudian terjadi suatu masa kelaparan yang besar di seluruh negeri Mesir dan Kanaan sehingga orang menderita sekali. Nenek moyang kita tidak bisa mendapat makanan.
Indonesian-Terjemahan LamaMaka datanglah bala kelaparan ke atas seluruh tanah Mesir dan Kanaan itu beserta dengan kesukaran yang besar, sehingga nenek moyang kita tiada lagi dapat makanan.
ItalianVenne una carestia su tutto l'Egitto e in Canaan e una grande miseria, e i nostri padri non trovavano da mangiare.
Korean그 때 에 굽 과 가 나 안 온 땅 에 흉 년 " 어 큰 환 난 이 있 을 새 우 리 조 상 " 이 양 식 이 없 " 지 라
LatvianTad nâca bads un lielas cieðanas pâr visu Çìipti un Kanaanu, un mûsu tçvi neatrada vairs pârtiku.
MaoriNa i reira ka puta he matekai ki te whenua katoa o Ihipa, o Kanaana, a he mate nui: kihai rawa i kitea he oranga e o tatou matua.
Modern GreekΗλθε δε πεινα εφ' ολην την γην της Αιγυπτου και Χανααν και θλιψις μεγαλη, και δεν ευρισκον τροφας οι πατερες ημων.
NorwegianSå kom det hungersnød over hele Egyptens land og Kana'an, og stor trengsel, og våre fedre fant ikke føde.
PortugueseSobreveio então uma fome a todo o Egito e Canaã, e grande tribulação; e nossos pais não achavam alimentos.   
RumanianA venit o foamete kn tot Egiptul wi Canaanul. Nevoia era mare, wi pqrinyii nowtri nu gqseau merinde.
Russianй ТЙЫЕМ ЗПМП" Й ЧЕМЙЛБС УЛПТ'Ш ОБ ЧУА ЪЕНМА еЗЙ ЕФУЛХА Й иБОББОУЛХА, Й ПФ"Щ ОБЫЙ ОЕ ОБИП"ЙМЙ ТП ЙФБОЙС.
Shuar`Tímiatam tsuka tura itiurchatcha ámiayi Ejiptu Núnkanam. Tura jui Kanaan nunkanmasha Núnisan ámiayi. Tuma asamtai ii uuntri yurumkan penké Wáincharmiayi.
SpanishEntonces vino hambre y gran tribulación en toda la tierra de Egipto y en Canaán, y nuestros padres no hallaban alimentos.
SwahiliKisha, kulizuka njaa kubwa katika nchi yote ya Misri na Kanaani, ikasababisha dhiki kubwa. Babu zetu hawakuweza kupata chakula chochote.
SwedishOch hungersnöd kom över hela Egypten och Kanaan med stort betryck, och våra fäder kunde icke få något att äta.
Thaiแล้วบังเกิ"การกัน"ารอาหารทั่วแผ่น"ินอียิปต์และแผ่น"ินคานาอัน และมีความลำบากมาก บรรพบุรุษของเราจึงไม่มีอาหาร
UkrainianА як голод прийшов на всю землю "гипетську та ханаанську, та велика біда, то поживи тоді не знаходили наші батьки.
UmaNgkai ree, rata-mi oro' bohe hobo' hi tana' Mesir pai' tana' Kanaan. Rata-mi oro' bohe toe, wori' tauna to ntodohaka, pai' ntu'a-ta wo'o uma-pi ria pongkoni' -ra.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Dearth

Derivations

Words beginning with "dearth": dearths. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Dearth" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: daearth, dagarti, Daragh, darth, Dasaratha, deanth, deart, deathe, debart, Derartu, derat, derats, Dewart, dirth, dreath, eeurgh, gearth, Odberht, Peareth, searth. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Dearth"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "dearth" (pronounced der"th)
2-er" thberth, birth, earth, Firth, girth, mirth, rebirth, unearth, worth.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Dearth

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Direct Anagrams: hatred, thread.

Words within the letters "a-d-e-h-r-t"

-1 letter: dater, death, derat, earth, hared, hated, hater, heard, heart, rated, rathe, tared, trade, tread.

-2 letters: dare, dart, date, dear, drat, eath, hade, haed, haet, hard, hare, hart, hate, head, hear, heat, herd, rate, rath, read, rhea, tahr, tare, tear, thae, trad.

-3 letters: are, art, ate, dah, ear, eat, edh, era, eta, eth, had, hae, hat, her, het, rad, rah, rat, red, ret, tad, tae, tar, tea, ted, the.

-4 letters: ad, ae, ah, ar, at, de, ed, eh, er, et, ha, he, re, ta.

 Words containing the letters "a-d-e-h-r-t"
 

+1 letter: airthed, breadth, charted, dearths, earthed, hardest, hardset, hatreds, hearted, hydrate, thrawed, threads, thready, trashed, wrathed.

 

+2 letters: adherent, antherid, authored, breadths, breathed, cathedra, chordate, daughter, detacher, fathered, gathered, goatherd, haltered, hardiest, headrest, hydrated, hydrates, lathered, neatherd, outheard, reheated, rethread, starched, thralled, thrashed, threaded, threader, threaped, threated, throated, thwarted, tracheid, trachled, trihedra, unthread, wreathed.

 

+3 letters: adherents, anhydrite, antherids, apartheid, atrophied, birthdate, blathered, cathedrae, cathedral, cathedras, chaptered, charioted, chartered, chattered, chordates, daughters, deathtrap, dehydrate, detachers, diathermy, dishwater, draughted, earthward, feathered, fraughted, goatherds, godfather, handwrite, handwrote, hardiment, harvested, headfirst, headrests, headwater, heartened, heartland, heartwood, herniated, inearthed, leathered, neatherds, octahedra, overhated, preheated, printhead, ratcheted, recharted, rehydrate, rematched, repatched, rethreads, scratched, shattered, slathered, tarnished, therapsid, threaders, threadfin, threadier, threading, tracheids, trailhead, trauchled, trihedral, uncharted, unearthed, unthreads, watershed, weathered.

 

+4 letters: achondrite, adherently, affrighted, anhydrites, antheridia, apartheids, authorised, authorized, bighearted, birthdates, brachiated, broadsheet, cathedrals, coauthored, deathtraps, dehydrated, dehydrates, dehydrator, diarrhetic, diathermic, dichromate, diphtheria, disenthral, dishearten, dishwaters, dispatcher, dogcatcher, draughtier, driveshaft, earthbound, earthwards, enthralled, enwreathed, farfetched, farsighted, fatherhood, fatherland, fatshedera, featherbed, godfathers, handwrites, hardfisted, hardiments, headhunter, headmaster, headstream, headstrong, headwaiter, headwaters, heartlands, heartwoods, hereditary, hibernated, hinterland, hitherward, inbreathed, ingathered, inthralled, letterhead, merchanted, mithridate, motherland, octahedral, octahedron, orthograde, outcharged, outcharmed, outmarched, outreached, overheated, packthread, parachuted, parenthood, pathfinder, pentahedra, printheads, rachitides, reattached, regathered, rehydrated, rehydrates, rethreaded, rheumatoid, shortbread, straighted, subtrahend, tetrachord, tetrahedra, therapsids, threadbare, threadfins, threadiest, threadless, threadlike, threadworm, threatened, timberhead, tracheated, trailheads, trihedrals, turtlehead, underneath, unfathered, unthreaded, unwreathed, upgathered, watersheds, whitebeard, whiteboard.

 

+5 letters: achondrites, antheridial, antheridium, arthritides, arthrodeses, arthrodesis, atmosphered, autographed, bichromated, birdwatcher, breadthwise, broadsheets, camphorated, cantharides, cartwheeled, charactered, chlorinated, coldhearted, dehydrating, dehydration, dehydrators, diaphoretic, diarthroses, diathermies, dichromates, diphtherial, diphtherias, disenthrall, disenthrals, disheartens, dispatchers, dogcatchers, downhearted, draughtiest, draughtsmen, dreadnought, driveshafts, exhilarated, fatherhoods, fatherlands, fatshederas, featherbeds, featheredge, featherhead, forgathered, freehearted, goddaughter, godfathered, grandfather, grandmother, graphitized, hairbreadth, halfhearted, handbreadth, handcrafted, handwritten, hardhearted, hardmouthed, headhunters, headmasters, headquarter, headstreams, headwaiters, hemihydrate, hexahydrate, hindquarter, hinterlands, homesteader, hydrogenate, hydrolysate, hydrolyzate, hydroxylate, ironhearted, kindhearted, leatherwood, letterheads, lionhearted, mithridates, motherboard, motherlands, neanderthal, nearsighted, octahedrons, openhearted, orthopaedic, outpreached, overmatched, packthreads, parenthoods, pathfinders, pentahedral, pentahedron, rechartered, rehydrating, rehydration, reinhabited, rethreading, servanthood, shortbreads, shorthaired, shorthanded, slaughtered, softhearted, spreadsheet, stadtholder, stakeholder, stallholder, stewardship, subtrahends, superheated, telegraphed, tetrachords, tetradrachm, tetrahedral, tetrahedron, thermalized, thitherward, threadiness, threadworms, thunderclap, thunderhead, timberheads, transhipped, transshaped, truehearted, turtleheads, typographed, ultraheated, unchartered, unharvested, untarnished, unthreading, unweathered, urochordate, warmhearted, weakhearted, weatherized, whitebeards, whiteboards, whitherward.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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Alternative Orthography: Dearth


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

44 65 61 72 74 68

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

-..    .    .-    .-.    -    ....

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01000100 01100101 01100001 01110010 01110100 01101000

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#68 &#101 &#97 &#114 &#116 &#104

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0044 0065 0061 0072 0074 0068

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

387167848674

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Commercial
5. Images: Slideshow
6. Quotations: Non-fiction
7. Usage Frequency
8. Names: Frequency
9. Expressions
10. Expressions: Internet
11. Translations: Modern
12. Translations: Ancient
13. Bible Trace
14. Derivations
15. Rhymes
16. Anagrams
17. Orthography
18. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.