De Facto

  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

De Facto

Definitions: De Facto

De Facto

Adjective

1. Existing in fact whether with lawful authority or not; "de facto segregation is as real as segration imposed by law"; "a de facto state of war".

Adverb

1. In reality or fact; "the result was, de facto, a one-party system".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 



Specialty Definitions: De Facto

DomainDefinitions

Finance

Latin for "in actual fact." Something that is in reality, actual and existing regardless of legal or moral considerations. (references)

Literature

De Facto Actually, in reality; in opposition to de jure, lawfully or rightfully. Thus John was de facto king, but Arthur was so de jure. Source: Brewer's Dictionary.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: De facto

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

De facto is a Latin expression that means "in fact" or "in practice", commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning "by law") when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without or against a regulation.

De facto standards

A de facto standard, for instance, is a technical or other standard that is so dominant that everybody seems to follow it like an authorized standard. The de jure standard may be different: one example is the metric unit of kilometre, which is the de jure standard for road distances in the United States, while the mile (=1609.344 m) is the de facto standard. In addition, there is no law preventing one from adding a twenty-seventh letter such as þ to the alphabet, as letters were added, centuries ago, without much difficulty, but one is prevented from doing so today by the practical difficulties involved. Thus there is a de facto limit on modifications to the alphabet. The de facto standard is not even formalized in all cases and may simply rely on the fact that someone has come up with a good (hopefully unpatented) idea that everybody else likes so much that it is copied/plagiarized. Typical creators of de facto-standards are individual companies, corporations and consortiums.

De facto rulers

In politics, one speaks of a de facto leader of a country or region, meaning one who has illegally assumed authority, typically by deposing a previous leader or undermining the rule of a current one. De facto leaders do not usually hold a constitutional office, and exercise power in an informal manner. It is important to note that not all dictators are de facto rulers. Many current and past dictators have initially emerged as de facto leaders, but later formalize their rule through constitutional revisions. For example, Augusto Pinochet of Chile initially came to power as the chairman of a military junta, but then later switched his title to president, making him the formal and legal ruler of Chile.

Some notable true de facto leaders have been Deng Xiaoping of the People's Republic of China and General Manuel Noriega of Panama. Both of these men exercised near total control over their respective nations for many years despite not having the legal authority to do so.

De facto has also been used in reference to the role the Governor-General of individual commonwealth countries plays as head of state. While they are constitutionally appointed by the Crown to serve as representative of the monarch, who is the de jure head of state, they actually function independently of the monarch and function as the day to day head of state in each otherwise independent former colony of the British Empire. They are usually appointed by the Prime Minister of the country and are invariably citizens of that country and not of any other member of the Commonwealth or Great Britain. Historically the office of Governor-General was an actual appointment by the Crown in Westminster and it had political signficance during the British Empire.

Other usages

Another common usage of the term de facto is "de facto segregation": Users of a given library or school tend to be residents of that neighborhood, and thus such facilities tend to become racially or ethnically segregated without "de jure segregation" (which would require segregation by force of law).

A de facto monopoly or oligopoly is a system where multiple or infinite players are allowed, but there is too much deregulation (not existing antitrust laws in general or in the specific economic sector, specially in the utilities) or where antitrust law is not applied.

One's unmarried partner is referred to as the de facto husband or wife by some authorities. This has passed into the Australian language as the slang term defacto to refer to one's significant other. e.g. "This is my defacto, Rachael". In other territories, e.g. the UK, this is equivalent to the term common law husband or wife.

See also: List of Latin phrases

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "De facto."

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Synonyms: De Facto

Synonyms: actual (adj), factual (adj). (additional references)
Antonym: de jure (adj). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: De Facto

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Existence

Adverb: actually; Adjective: in fact, in point of fact, in reality; indeed; de facto, ipso facto.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: De Facto

English words defined with "de facto": actualde facto segregation, Den Haagfactual's GravenhageThe Hague. (references)
Specialty definitions using "de facto": Advanced SCSI Peripheral InterfaceBerkeley Networkde facto boundary, de facto population, de facto standard, directory serviceescape sequenceMessage Passing Interfacenetwork driver interface specificationRSA Data Security, Inc.Sun Microsystems, Inc.TCPIPVisual InterfaceX Window System. (references)
Non-English Usage: "De Facto" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

German (de facto), Hungarian (de facto), Spanish (de facto), Swedish (de facto).

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Modern Usage: De Facto

DomainUsage

Screenplays

De facto, night facto, the fact that they're facto-ing at all I find repulsive in the extreme. (Kath & Kim; writing credit: Gina Riley; Jane Turner)

Let me put this to you as simply as I can. You can avoid sentencing on these charges if you will testify that in fact, you were not the boss of North Jersey, that in fact, your nephew Anthony Soprano was and is. That he de facto controlled your capos with the backing of two of the new york families communicating through their emissary, John Sacrimoni. (The Sopranos; writing credit: Isabel Clara-Simo; Ramn De Espaa)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: De Facto

DomainTitle

Books

  • A creature of the twilight: his memorials. Being some account of episodes in the career of His Excellency Manfred Arcane, minister without portfolio to the hereditary president of the Commonwealth of Hamnegri, and de facto field commander of the (reference)

  • Boundaries of Cooperation: Cyprus, De Facto Partition, and the Delimitation of Transboundary Resource Management (International Boundary Studies seri (reference)

  • De Facto Pattern of Lawyer Specialization (Dpr 5 9 10) (reference)

  • Los jueces de facto ; Amnistia politica : temas de controversia constitucional (reference)

  • Psychiatric-Legal Decision Making by the Mental Health Practitioner: The Clinician as De Facto Magistrate (reference)

    (more book examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Historic Usage: De Facto

AuthorDateQuotation

John Locke

1690

But if I might advise them in the case, they would do well not to search too much into the original of governments, as they have begun de facto, lest they should find, at the foundation of most of them, something very little favourable to the design they promote, and such a power as they contend for. (Second Treatise of Government)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: De Facto

SubjectTopicQuote

Business

As such, Taiwan authorities set prices for all drugs and medical devices on a de facto basis. (references)

In addition, no provider of public communication services may receive access to the public wireline networks and public switches without a "cooperative agreement" with Ukrtelecom, which de facto has a local loop monopoly. (references)

Children

Hungary

Roma and other civic organizations highlighted the practice of placing Roma children in remedial education programs designed for children with mental disabilities or low academic performance, resulting in a form of de facto segregation. (references)

Korea

The UNCRC also expressed concern over de facto discrimination against children with disabilities and at the insufficient measures taken by the state party to ensure that these children have effective access to health, education, and social services, and to facilitate their full integration into society. (references)

Civil Liberties

Syria

There is a strict de facto separation of religious institutions and the state. (references)

Discrimination

Nepal

Disability, Language, or Social Status The Constitution specifies that the Government shall not discriminate against citizens on grounds of religion, race, sex, caste, or ideology; however, there still is a de facto caste system. (references)

Economic History

Greece

It also led to the de facto division of Cyprus. (references)

Cyprus

The political events of 1974 led to a de facto division of Cyprus. (references)

Human Rights

Israel and the occupied territories

Such facilities are intended to hold criminal detainees prior to trial but often become de facto prisons. (references)

Argentina

Judge Canicoba Corral has charged General Videla with involving Argentina in this illicit operation during his de facto presidency. (references)

Mexico

He endorsed the notion of a national accounting for alleged past government misconduct and urged an end to the widespread de facto impunity enjoyed by corrupt officials. (references)

Indigenous People

Suriname

Following demonstrations in July by veterans of the Jungle Commando, who played a large role in the insurgencies, their de facto leader Ronny Brunswijk met with the Minister of Regional Development. (references)

Minorities

Congo

Societal ethnic discrimination was prevalent among virtually all ethnic groups, and was evident in private sector hiring, buying patterns, and de facto segregation of many urban neighborhoods. (references)

Russia

Many citizens believe that at least nominal adherence to the Russian Orthodox Church is at the heart of what it means to be Russian, and Russian Orthodoxy is considered in conservative nationalist circles as the de facto official religion of the country. (references)

Political Economy

West Bank

In April 1999, the PC affirmed a de facto extension of the term of this transitional period. (references)

MALAYSIA

Government policy places a de facto ban on the formation of national unions in the electronics sector, but allows enterprise-level unions. (references)

NETHERLANDS

The law is expected to boost competition, improve transparency, and provide greater de facto access to a number of sectors for foreign companies. (references)

Political Rights

Somalia

In most regions, local clan leaders function as de facto rulers. (references)

Malaysia

However, de facto campaigning began long before the elections, and there is little evidence that the short official campaign period had much practical effect. (references)

Guatemala

However, Congress increased its relative power and independence under the leadership of FRG President of Congress and retired General Efrain Rios Montt, a former de facto President. (references)

Trade

China

Monopoly importers, such as those that exist for theatrical film imports, are able to establish de facto quotas. (references)

Uzbekistan

Foreign companies or foreign joint ventures importing capital goods with their own funds held outside Uzbekistan are also subject de facto to the import registration system. (references)

Greece

Greek testing methods for karnal bunt disease in U.S. wheat have served as a de facto ban on imports and transshipment of wheat for the last three years due to a high incidence of false positive results. (references)

Worker Rights

Kenya

Many COTU unions evolved into de facto ethnic groupings; however, this was no longer the case during the year. (references)

Somalia

There was no organized effort by any of the factions or de facto regional administrations to monitor acceptable conditions of work during the year. (references)

Pakistan

Some women sold in shops in Karachi reportedly are sent to Persian Gulf countries, where they are slaves; women sent to rural Pakistan reportedly are de facto slaves. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Expressions: De Facto

Expressions using "de facto": de facto boundary de facto population de facto segregation de facto standard. Additional references.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: De Facto

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

de facto união

2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: De Facto

Language Translations for "de facto"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

de fakto, në të vërtetë (actually, as a matter of fact, authentically, in effect, in fact, in point of fact, in sooth, indeed, virtually), në fakt (as a matter of fact, in effect, practically). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏في الواقع (actually, as a matter of fact, as good as, by sheer force, factually, fundamentally, in effect, in fact, indeed, rather, reality, really, truly, truth), ‏فعلي (active, actual, effective, effectual, factual, intrinsic, intrinsical, practical, verbal), ‏واقعي (actual, concrete, down to earth, factual, hard, hardheaded, literal, naturalistic, pragmatic, pragmatist, prose, real, realistic, sober, tangible, true, virtual). (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

фактически (actual, actually, as a matter of fact, factual, factually, in fact, morally, practical, practically, really, substantial, virtual, virtually), де факто. (various references)

   

Czech

  

vlastnì (actually, as a matter of fact, in fact, in point of fact, in substance, indeed, really, virtually). (various references)

   

Danish

  

den uofficielle industristandard (common standard, de facto standard, industry standard), den faktiske overordnede (de facto superior), de fakto befolkning (actual population, de facto population, enumerated population, present population, present-in-area population), de facto selskab (de facto company), de facto grænse (de facto boundary), de facto befolkning (actual population, de facto population, enumerated population, present population, present-in-area population), tilstedeværende befolkning (actual population, de facto population, enumerated population, present population, present-in-area population), faktisk undladelse af indeksregulering (de facto desindexation), faktisk insolvens (de facto insolvency), faktisk forskelsbehandling (de facto discrimination), faktisk forening (de facto association). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

de facto vereniging (de facto association), de facto norm (common standard, de facto standard, industry standard), de facto bevolking (actual population, de facto population, enumerated population, present population, present-in-area population), industrienorm (common standard, de facto standard, industry standard), industriële standaard (common standard, de facto standard, industry standard), feitelijke opheffing van de indexering (de facto desindexation), feitelijke meerdere (de facto superior), feitelijke insolventie (de facto insolvency), feitelijke discriminatie (de facto discrimination), feitelijke betalingsonbekwaamheid (de facto insolvency), feitelijke bescherming (de facto protection), feitelijk bezit (actual possession, de facto possession, possession in fact), een feitelijke toestand erkennen (to pass from a de facto situation into a de jure one), asielgerechtigde (asylee, de facto refugee). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

de facto-standardi (common standard, de facto standard, industry standard), teollisuusstandardi (common standard, de facto standard, industry standard), rekisteröimätön yhdistys (de facto association), olemassa olevan asiaintilan laillistaminen (to pass from a de facto situation into a de jure one), käytännön standardi (common standard, de facto standard, industry standard). (various references)

   

French

  

de facto, réaliste, FAIT de, en réalité. (various references)

   

German

  

de facto. (various references)

   

Greek 

  

DE FACTO πληθυσμός (actual population, de facto population, enumerated population, present population, present-in-area population), de facto αφερεγγυότητα (de facto insolvency), σωματείο χωρίς νομική προσωπικότητα (de facto association), σωματείο εν τοις πράγμασι (de facto association), βιομηχανικά τυποποιημένος (common standard, de facto standard, industry standard), πραγματικός πληθυσμός (actual population, de facto population, enumerated population, present population, present-in-area population), πραγματική αφερεγγυότητα (de facto insolvency), εκ των πραγμάτων προστασία (de facto protection), άτυπη εταιρεία (de facto company), ανώτερος εκ των πραγμάτων (de facto superior). (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

למעש" (actually, in effect, in fact, in point of fact, in practice, practically, virtually). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

de facto, ténylegesen (effectively, factually, in deed, in reality). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

de fakto. (various references)

   

Italian

  

di fatto (actually, as a matter of fact, in fact, indeed). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

デ'ドロ酢酸 (Davis Cup, debut, debutante, default, definition, dehydroacetic acid, devil, devilfish, devil's food cake, differential gear). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

デファクト . (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

eday actofay.(various references)

   

Portuguese

  

de fato (indeed, naturally, really, surely, verily, yea). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

фактически (actually, as a matter of fact, as good as, factually, in effect, in fact, in point of fact, practically, practically speaking, virtually), на деле. (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

zapravo (actually, as a matter of fact, fact: in fact, really). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

de hecho (as a matter of fact, in fact, in point of fact). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

de facto, faktisk (actual, factual, literal, real, virtual). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

gerçekten yapılan, fiili (actual, factual), fiilen yapılan, fiilen (actually, virtually), bilfiil. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Anagrams: De Facto

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "a-c-d-e-f-o-t"

-1 letter: coated.

-2 letters: acted, cadet, coted, decaf, defat, faced, facet, fated, octad.

-3 letters: aced, cade, cafe, cate, coat, coda, code, coed, coft, cote, dace, daft, date, dato, deaf, deco, deft, doat, dote, face, fact, fade, fado, fate, feat, feod, feta, odea, tace, taco, toad, toea, toed.

-4 letters: ace, act, ado, aft, ate, cad, cat, cod, cot, doc, doe, dot, eat, eft, eta, fad, fat, fed, fet, foe, oaf, oat, oca, ode, oft, tad, tae, tao, tea, ted, tod, toe.

-5 letters: ad, ae, at, de, do, ed, ef, et, fa, od, oe, of, ta, to.

 Words containing the letters "a-c-d-e-f-o-t"
 

+1 letter: factored, outfaced.

 

+2 letters: conflated.

 

+3 letters: cofeatured, confidante, defalcator, defecation, factorized, forecasted, fornicated, fractioned, obfuscated, officiated, suffocated.

 

+4 letters: affectioned, codefendant, confederate, confidantes, confiscated, defalcation, defalcators, defecations, deification, edification, fecundation, flocculated, vociferated.

 

+5 letters: codefendants, confabulated, confederated, confederates, confidential, defalcations, deifications, disaffection, edifications, fecundations, fianchettoed, fractionated, pontificated.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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Alternative Orthography: De Facto


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

44 65      46 61 63 74 6F

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

    

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01000100 01100101 00100000 01000110 01100001 01100011 01110100 01101111

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#68 &#101 &#32 &#70 &#97 &#99 &#116 &#111

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0044 0065      0046 0061 0063 0074 006F

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

387124067698681

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Quotations: Historic
7. Quotations: Non-fiction
8. Expressions
9. Expressions: Internet
10. Translations: Modern
11. Anagrams
12. Orthography
13. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.