CROSSINGS

Crossings is a two-player abstract strategy board game invented by Robert Abbott. The rules were published in Sid Sackson's A Gamut of Games. Crossings eventually evolved into the game called Epaminondas, but its rules are different enough to make the gameplay significantly different than that in Epaminondas.

Crossings is played on an 8x8 board, with an initial setup as follows; number signs are black stones, zeroes are white stones, and periods are empty spaces:

######## ######## ........ ........ ........ ........ 00000000 00000000

White begins the game, and after that play alternates, one move per player.

In Crossings, a group is a series of same-colour stones adjacent to one another in a line, whether horizontal or vertical or diagonal. Single stones can be considered a one-element group, but the rules in A Gamut of Games treat them separately. Note that a given stone may belong to one or more groups.

Play is as follows:

On their turn, a player may move a single stone, an entire group, or part of a group.
If a single stone is moved, it may move one space horizontally, vertically, or diagonally; its destination must be empty.
If a group is moved, it must move along the line which defines it; it may move a number of spaces equal to the number of pieces in the group.
If a part of a group is moved, it must move along the line which defines it; it may move a number of spaces equal to the number of pieces in the subgroup.
Pieces may not move across or over each other. When a part of a group is moved, it must be one of the two ends.
If the first stone in a moving group encounters a singleton stone of their oponent, the group's movement stops there, and the opponent's stone is captured.
If the first stone in a moving group encounters the "front" stone of an opponent's group, it can capture it if and only if the opponent's group is smaller. It can only capture the first stone, and the movement of the group stops there. If it cannot capture the stone due to the opponent's group being the same size or larger, it is not allowed to move that far.

A player potentially wins the game if they get a stone on the home row, or row farthest from their side. If their opponent cannot get a stone of their own onto the first player's home row in their next move, the first player wins. Otherwise those stones are "locked"; they cannot be moved or captured. The next attempt at crossing, as this is called, will determine the winner (unless it, too, is immediately followed by a counter-crossing, and so on.)

Note that the game may suffer from the same symmetric issues as Epaminondas, and can result in a tie if, somehow, all eight home-row spaces on both sides hold the result of crossings and counter-crossings. This is undoubtedly extremely rare in actual play, however.

References

Sackson, Sid. A Gamut of Games. ISBN 0-486-27347-4
Schmittberger, R. Wayne. New Rules for Classic Games. ISBN 0-471-53621-0

Modern Usage: CROSSINGS

Commercial Usage: CROSSINGS

Domain	Title
Books	Crossings (reference) Crossings (Buffy the Vampire Slayer, 25) (reference) Windward Crossings (reference) Bridges over the Delaware River: A History of Crossings (reference) The tame fundamental group of a formal neighbourhood of a divisor with normal crossings on a scheme (reference) (more book examples)

Periodicals	Border Crossings (reference) San Francisco Bay Crossings (reference) (more periodical examples)

Music	Crossings of Mackinaw [LIVE] (reference) Live/The Crossings Of Mackinaw (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Photo Album: CROSSINGS

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	One of 25 crossings of Clear Creek on the way to the railroad Triangulation party of William M. Scaife. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.		First C&GS electronic base line measurements Base crossings by aircraft and ship over Shoran network Minimum value from two range-range stations gives distance Base line party of P. C. Doran. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.
	This livestock crossing was installed to offer a stable point for livestock to cross a stream. This low cost engineering practice is an efficient method of reducing bank erosion. Livestock crossings are part of a system promoting rotational grazing. Credit: Don Poggensee.		Woman traffic officer, part of a volunteer group of mothers patrolling school crossings in Red Bank, N.J., in 1951 / Wide World. Credit: Library of Congress.
	Street crossings. Street crossing at 11th and F St. under repairs. Credit: Library of Congress.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Non-Fiction Usage: CROSSINGS

Subject	Topic	Quote
Business		Furthermore, a treaty has been signed between Argentina and Chile to provide integrated control at border crossings. (references)
		Currently, the combined transport system resolves the insufficient road capacity in the border crossings with Germany. (references)
		The Binational Group also conducts an annual "Border Walk" to gain a first-hand impression of how border crossings work. (references)
Children	Greece	Ramps and special curbs for persons with disabilities were constructed on some Athens streets and at some public buildings, and sound signals have been installed at some city street crossings. (references)
	Namibia	Although some municipal governments have installed ramps and special curbing for persons with disabilities at street crossings, physical access for those with disabilities remained a problem due to resource constraints. (references)
Civil Liberties	Israel and the occupied territories	Palestinian residents of the West Bank and Gaza are prohibited from using the Sheikh Hussein or Arava crossings. (references)
Economic History	Bulgaria	Bulgaria currently has two border crossings with Turkey. (references)
	Hong Kong	At present, Hong Kong has a 143-kilometer railway network, and three rail-harbor crossings. (references)
	Bulgaria	Bulgaria has applied for a World Bank loan to improve the infrastructure for border crossings. (references)
Political Economy	Pakistan	After the coup, the army played a role in enforcing exit control restrictions at airports and border crossings. (references)
	Israel	On October 26, 1994, Israel and Jordan signed a Treaty of Peace that led to the immediate opening of two border crossings. (references)
	West Bank	This agreement calls for further redeployments, prisoner releases, the opening of a Palestinian airport and seaport, two safe-passage crossings between the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, and various Palestinian security measures. (references)
Trade	Nicaragua	All export documentation can be processed at the government's one-stop export center, CETREX: Centro de Trámites de las Exportaciones, Plaza El Sol, 1 1/2 al Sur No. 169, phones (505) 278-2065, 270-1587 and, Fax 270-5538. Their website is at www.cetrex.com.ni. The same services can be processed at the following locations: International Airport (Managua), Estel�, Chinandega, Rivas, Puerto Cabezas and Bluefields, and at all major land border crossings. (references)
Travel	Ukraine	U.S. citizens cannot obtain visas at airports or border crossings. (references)
	Israel	Procedures for all crossings into Jordan are subject to frequent changes. (references)
Worker Rights	Bolivia	The Immigration Service has responsibility for all ports of entry/exit and border crossings. (references)
	Bangladesh	The border with India is loosely controlled, especially around Jessore and Benapole, making illegal border crossings easy. (references)
	Austria	In March in response to a marked increase of illegal border crossings at Austria's eastern borders in the first half of the year, the Government set up a special task force to address trafficking. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Usage Frequency: CROSSINGS

Expressions: CROSSINGS

Modern Translation: CROSSINGS

Language		Translations for "CROSSINGS"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Danish		ved knudepunkter skal oversigten i forbindelse med overgange og venteheller for fodgaengere og cyklister vaere god (crossings and waiting areas for pedestrians and cyclists should be clearly visible at intersections/ junctions/), ved hjaelp af oplyste signaltableauer er fuldstaendig automatisering af trafikken mulig over sporskift og sporkryds (running can also be fully automated over branch lines and crossings, thanks to the technique of illuminated control panel), sporforbindelse med hoejrevendte sporskifter (cross-over between straight tracks with right hand crossings), sporforbindelse i kurve (cross-over between curved tracks with left hand crossings). (various references)

Dutch		wisselverbinding met rechtse wissels (cross-over between straight tracks with right hand crossings), wisselverbinding in een boog (cross-over between curved tracks with left hand crossings), prive-overweg (level crossing with no gates or attendants or warning lights, open level crossings), eigen overweg (level crossing with no gates or attendants or warning lights, open level crossings), dankzij de techniek van bedieningstableaux met spoorschema en drukknoppen is ook volledige automatisering van het verkeer op aftakkingen en kruisingen op de lijnen mogelijk (running can also be fully automated over branch lines and crossings, thanks to the technique of illuminated control panel), bij verkeersknooppunten dienen de oversteekplaatsen en de opstelruimten voor voetgangers en fietsers duidelijk zichtbaar te zijn (crossings and waiting areas for pedestrians and cyclists should be clearly visible at intersections/ junctions/). (various references)

Finnish		vartioimaton tasoristeys (level crossing with no gates or attendants or warning lights, open level crossings), rautatien tasoristeys ilman puomeja (level crossing with no gates or attendants or warning lights, open level crossings). (various references)

French		croisements (transposition by crossing), transpositions par croisement (transposition by crossing). (various references)

German		Kreuzungen (hybrids). (various references)

Greek		σύνδεση γραμμών σε καμπύλη (cross-over between curved tracks with left hand crossings), σύνδεση παράλληλων γραμμών με δεξιές διακλαδώσεις (cross-over between straight tracks with right hand crossings), Στους ισόπεδους κόμβους οι χώροι αναμονής και οι διαβάσεις πεζών και ποδηλάτων πρέπει να είναι καλά ορατοί. (crossings and waiting areas for pedestrians and cyclists should be clearly visible at intersections/ junctions/). (various references)

Italian		comunicazione fra binari curvilinei (cross-over between curved tracks with left hand crossings), comunicazione destra fra binari rettilinei (cross-over between straight tracks with right hand crossings), passaggio a livello incustodito (level crossing with no gates or attendants or warning lights, open level crossings, unguarded level crossing, unguarded railway crossing), nelle intersezioni gli attraversamenti pedonali e per ciclisti,nonche i salvagente devono risultare ben visibili (crossings and waiting areas for pedestrians and cyclists should be clearly visible at intersections/ junctions/), la circolazione sulle diramazioni e sugli incroci puo pure essere completamento automatizzata grazie alla tecnica dei quadri sinottici (running can also be fully automated over branch lines and crossings, thanks to the technique of illuminated control panel). (various references)

Pig Latin		ossingscray

Portuguese		passagem:refúgio.Nos cruzamentos,as passagens e os refúgios para peões e ciclistas devem ser bem visíveis (crossings and waiting areas for pedestrians and cyclists should be clearly visible at intersections/ junctions/), passagem de nível sem guarda (level crossing with no gates or attendants or warning lights, open level crossings). (various references)

Spanish		escape entre vías en curva (cross-over between curved tracks with left hand crossings), escape (avoidance, blowoff, blowout, elopement, escape, escapement, exhaust, exhaust pipe, flight, fuite, getaway, leak, leakage), enlace por cambios desviados a derecha entre vías paralelas (cross-over between straight tracks with right hand crossings), enlace entre vías en curva (cross-over between curved tracks with left hand crossings), en las intersecciones, los pasos y los refugios para peatones y ciclistas deben ser bien visibles (crossings and waiting areas for pedestrians and cyclists should be clearly visible at intersections/ junctions/). (various references)

Swedish		järnvägskorsning utan bommar (level crossing with no gates or attendants or warning lights, open level crossings). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Misspellings: CROSSINGS

Rhyming with "CROSSINGS"

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "CROSSINGS" (pronounced krô"singz)
4	-s i ng z	blessings, casings, dressings, facings, financings, fixings.
3	-i ng z	bearings, beatings, beginnings, beheadings, beings, belongings, Billings, boardings, bombings, bookings, borrowings, briefings, buildings, burnings, bushings, carjackings, carvings, castings, ceilings, clippings, closings, coatings, comings, couplings, coverings, cowlings, cravings, cuttings, darlings, dealings, doings, drawings, droppings, drownings, ducklings, dumplings, dwellings, earnings, earrings, earthlings, endings, engravings, etchings, evenings, everlastings, failings, fastenings, feedings, feelings, fightings, filings, fillings, findings, firings, fittings, flavorings, followings, forgings, frostings, furnishings, gatherings, goings, greetings, groupings, hangings, happenings, headings, hearings, helpings, herrings, hijackings, holdings, housings, hustings, innings, killings, landholdings, landings, lashings, leanings, leavings, leggings, lemmings, lightnings, linings, listings, livings, loadings, lodgings, longings, lynchings, mailings, makings, marketings, markings, meanings, meetings, misgivings, misunderstandings, moldings, moorings, mornings, mouldings, muggings, musings, nestlings, nothings, offerings, openings, outings, paintings, pickings, pilings, plantings, pleadings, poisonings, postings, posturings, printings, proceedings, publishings, puddings, railings, rankings, ratings, readings, recordings, rehearings, ridings, riggings, Rollings, rulings, rumblings, runnings, samplings, saplings, savings, sayings, schillings, scrapings, screenings, seasonings, seatings, seedlings, servings, settings, shadings, shavings, shillings, shipbuildings, shootings, shortcomings, showings, siblings, sightings, skillings, slayings, soundings, spellings, stabbings, standings, stockings, sufferings, surroundings, tailings, takings, teachings, tidings, toppings, trappings, trimmings, underlings, underpinnings, understandings, undertakings, uprisings, vikings, wanderings, warnings, weddings, whitings, winnings, workings, writings, wrongdoings, yearlings, yearnings.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Anagrams: CROSSINGS

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "c-g-i-n-o-r-s-s-s"
	-1 letter: crossing.
	-2 letters: cosigns, grisons, incross, scissor, scoring, signors, sorings.
	-3 letters: coigns, corgis, coring, cosign, girons, gnosis, grison, groins, incogs, orcins, rosing, rosins, scions, scorns, signor, sonics, soring.
	-4 letters: cions, coign, coins, coirs, corgi, corns, cross, girns, giron, giros, grins, groin, gross, icons, incog, irons, noirs, noris, orcin, orgic, ornis, rings, rosin, scion, scorn, signs.
	Words containing the letters "c-g-i-n-o-r-s-s-s"
	+1 letter: scissoring.
	+3 letters: graciousness, testcrossing.
	+4 letters: accessorising, coprocessings, crisscrossing, crossbandings, crosscuttings, grouchinesses, sportscasting, stringcourses.
	+5 letters: graciousnesses, sportscastings, ungraciousness.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Domain	Definition
Computing	Type of transposition in which the two line conductors of a circuit generally remain in the same plane but regularly interchange their actual positions. Source: European Union. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Domain	Usage
Movie/TV Titles	Crossings (1986)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (plural)	95.73%	202	21,454
Noun (proper)	4.27%	9	117,287
Total	100.00%	211	N/A

Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "CROSSINGS": crossings-out.
	Ending with "CROSSINGS": border-crossings, level-crossings, sea-crossings, water-crossings.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Misspellings
	"CROSSINGS" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Corosinis, crassing, Crossons, Crostinos, Rosings. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

CROSSINGS

Specialty Definition: CROSSINGS

Specialty Definition: Crossings (game)

Crosswords: CROSSINGS

Modern Usage: CROSSINGS

Movie/TV Titles

Commercial Usage: CROSSINGS

Books

Periodicals

Music

Photo Album: CROSSINGS

Non-Fiction Usage: CROSSINGS

Usage Frequency: CROSSINGS

Expressions: CROSSINGS

Modern Translation: CROSSINGS

Danish

Dutch

Finnish

French

German

Greek

Italian

Pig Latin

Portuguese

Spanish

Swedish

Misspellings: CROSSINGS

Misspellings

Rhyming with "CROSSINGS"

Anagrams: CROSSINGS

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

INDEX