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Creation

Definition: Creation

Creation

Noun

1. The human act of creating.

2. An artifact that has been brought into existence by someone.

3. The event that occurred at the beginning of something; "from its creation the plan was doomed to failure".

4. Starting something for the first time.

5. (theology) God's act of bringing the universe into existence.

6. Everything that exists anywhere; "they study the evolution of the universe"; "the biggest tree in existence".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "creation" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1120. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: Creation

DomainDefinition

Bible

Creation "In the beginning" God created, i.e., called into being, all things out of nothing. This creative act on the part of God was absolutely free, and for infinitely wise reasons. The cause of all things exists only in the will of God. The work of creation is attributed (1) to the Godhead (Gen. 1:1, 26); (2) to the Father (1 Cor. 8:6); (3) to the Son (John 1:3; Col. 1:16, 17); (4) to the Holy Spirit (Gen. 1:2; Job 26:13; Ps. 104:30). The fact that he is the Creator distinguishes Jehovah as the true God (Isa. 37:16; 40:12, 13; 54:5; Ps. 96:5; Jer. 10:11, 12). The one great end in the work of creation is the manifestation of the glory of the Creator (Col. 1:16; Rev. 4:11; Rom. 11:36). God's works, equally with God's word, are a revelation from him; and between the teachings of the one and those of the other, when rightly understood, there can be no contradiction. Traditions of the creation, disfigured by corruptions, are found among the records of ancient Eastern nations. (See ACCAD.) A peculiar interest belongs to the traditions of the Accadians, the primitive inhabitants of the plains of Lower Mesopotamia. These within the last few years have been brought to light in the tablets and cylinders which have been rescued from the long-buried palaces and temples of Assyria. They bear a remarkable resemblance to the record of Genesis. Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Creation

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Creation is the process of making something new.

When written in English with a capital letter, Creation or The Creation, is a casual reference to the origin of the Universe, or to the universe or cosmos itself. This colloquial use of the term refers, not always intentionally, to the belief that all things have a beginning. The creation of all things, the process by which the present cosmos began, is a subject of scientific, religious, and mythological interest.

Several religions have creation beliefs, some of which account for the existence and present form of the Universe by the act of creation by a supreme being or creator god. Most of these accounts depict one or several gods fashioning things out of themselves, or from pre-existing material.

Exceptions to this idea are the traditions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, which for the most part speak of creation ex nihilo (Latin: out of nothing). This is typified, for example, by the assumption that the first verse of the Bible ("In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth") indicates that only God is self-existent, and all other things have their being from God. 2 Maccabees 7:28 shows that this may have been a common Jewish understanding of creation: "I beseech thee, my son, look upon the heaven and the earth, and all that is therein, and consider that God made them of things that were not ...". This is very like the language of the Christian view in Hebrews 11:3, which states, "Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that things which are seen were not made of things which do appear".

However, in these traditions, the belief that God gave shape to pre-existing things was not unheard of, and that idea became more fully articulated especially under the influence of Greek philosophy. In both, Judaism and Christianity, belief in creation "from nothing" began to dominate the traditions more completely, sometime in the second century C.E., as a way of asserting that God alone is eternal, in reaction to the implications of philosophy. The following quote from the second century rabbi, Gamiliel II, illustrates this reaction:

A philosopher said to R. Gamiliel: Your God was a great craftsman, but he found himself good materials which assisted him: Tohu wa-Bohu, and darkness, and wind, and water, and the primeval deep. Said R. Gamiliel to him: May the wind be blown out of that man! Each material is referred to as created. Tohu wa-Bohu: "I make peace and create evil"; darkness: "I form the light and create darkness"; water: "Praise him, ye heaven of heavens, and ye waters" -- why? -- "For he commanded, and they were created"; wind: "For, lo, He that formeth the mountains, and created the wind"; the primeval deep: "When there were no depths, I was brought forth". BR 1.9, Th-Alb:8

Departing from this tradition, some modern scholars have argued that these statements and all others are still susceptible to ambiguous interpretation, so that creation ex nihilo may not be clearly supported by ancient texts, including the Bible. They point out the similarities of the biblical account, to other ancient religious beliefs that the universe was created by God or the gods out of pre-existing matter, as opposed to "out of nothing". Some scholars see evidence that the biblical account, like other ancient religious views, presumes pre-existence of some kind of raw material, albeit without form: "Now the earth was formless and void, darkness was over the face of the deep, and the spirit of God hovered over the waters." God then fashions the disordered material, to create the world.

Most modern atheists and agnostics hold that the universe came into existence a finite time ago through purely natural causes. Those holding this opinion assert evidence that the cosmos developed on its own, through an evolutionary process, and even the beginning of things can be accounted for naturally. The existence of a god is not necessary to this view of origins, because the beginning referred to is not an absolute one, "out of nothing". In this sense, scientists have advanced a number of scientific theories of the origin of the universe, including the Big Bang theory, which theorizes that the universe is of finite age, but its "beginning" can be accounted for by natural processes. The Big Bang theory is currently the most popular scientific creation theory, as it has passed a number of experimental tests, including measurements of the anisotropy of the cosmic background radiation, that could not have been known at the time the theory was first proposed.

The belief that a supreme being actually created the universe out of nothing, is at odds with a version of the theory of evolution which posits that the origin of all things can, in principle, be fully accounted for by reference to natural processes alone. Although nearly all ideas of creation include evolution of some kind, creation ex nihilo denies that the beginning of things was a natural process, and therefore presupposes the acts of God rather than natural processes, as the ultimate reference for creation. See creationism for further discussion.

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Creation belief

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Creation beliefs and stories describe how the universe, the Earth, life, and/or humanity came into being. The term creation myth is often used for a story with deep explanatory or symbolic resonance for a culture. The story need not be a literal account of actual events, but it may express what are perceived to be truths at a deeper level.

Many creation beliefs fall into similar categories: the fractionation of the things of the world from a primordial chaos, the separation of the mother and father god, from an ocean existing before the world, etc.

Some fundamentalist religious groups assert that creation beliefs should replace or complement scientific accounts of the development of life and the cosmos, see creationism.

Science-based beliefs

The scientific Big Bang theory is the dominant cosomological theory about the early development and current shape of the universe.

The modern synthesis is the dominant biological theory about the origin of life on Earth. This combines Charles Darwin's theory of the evolution of species by natural selection with Gregor Mendel's theory of genetics as the basis for biological inheritance.

It should be pointed out that these science based beliefs are not ex nihilo beliefs, that is they do not start from nothing. They do not account for where the mass and energy of the universe came from, or for how life first began. In this respect they are like most creation beliefs, but notably unlike the Jewish, Christian, and Islamic beliefs, among others. The origin of life has many competing scientific theories and the ultimate origin of the universe is widely believed to be a topic beyond scientific inquiry.

Bible-based beliefs

The first book of the Bible, common to Judaism and Christianity, contains two creation stories. The first is in Genesis 1, the second is in Genesis 2. In the opinion of many scholars, conservative as well as liberal, neither account is directly concerned with the origin of mere matter. According to the Documentary hypothesis, these two versions of the creation story existed independently, and the editor(s) of the Bible used both sources in creating the final version of Genesis that we know today.

The first account, which has the literary characteristics identified with the priestly ("P") source (starting in Genesis 1:1), begins: "In the beginning God (Elohim) created the heavens and the earth. "(NIV). The world in the beginning is darkness and an abyss, a great body of water constantly attended by a mighty wind. Elohim then speaks commands, which are the sole cause over a period of six days, of light, the sea and sky, dry land with plants, stars, sun and moon, fish and birds, animals and finally man. At each stage the creatures are declared to be 'good'. Following the creation of human beings, Elohim surveys the whole creation, and it is declared "very good", and "finished". On the seventh day having ceased from creating, Elohim blesses and hallows the day of his rest.

Creation order: "one day": the earth is an uninhabited abyss of darkness, a wind moves over the waters and Elohim creates light; "A second day": sky separating waters above from waters below; "A third day": dry land; herbs; "A fourth day": sun; moon; stars; "A fifth day": sea creatures; birds; "The sixth day": land creatures; cattle; man and woman.

The account is highly structured. The first three days concern the creation of three habitations, corresponding to the inhabitants created on each of the last three days, culminating in the rest of Elohim on the seventh day. Original darkness and chaos is replaced with an ordered and inhabited cosmos subject to the benevolent dominion of man and woman made in the image of God, crowned by the Sabbath of Elohim; each day of the creating week is similarly marked by a beginning in darkness and an ending light, by the refrain of, "and it was evening and it was morning", except for the seventh day, which concludes with "and Elohim blessed the seventh day, and made it holy".

The second account, which has the literary characteristics of the Jahwist ("J") source, begins: "This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created. When the LORD God (YHWH Elohim) made the earth and the heavens-"(NIV); first a man, Adam, is created out of dust, then a woman, Eve, is created from Adam's rib. However, the creation order is different.

2:4: earth and heavens; 2:5 plants and mist; 2:7: man; 2:8: garden of Eden; 2:9: trees; 2:19: beasts of the field; 2:21 woman.

The creation is described as being in need of a man, which YHWH Elohim supplies by fashioning him from dust and breathing life into his nostrils. Man himself is described as having need of a suitable helper, which YHWH Elohim supplies by creating the woman. There is no mention of a sabbath, although the garden to the east of Eden into which Adam is placed to tend it, is situated by YHWH Elohim for the extension of paradise into the whole earth and the acquisition of all sorts of wealth, and it is already complete with everything necessary to sustain life and happiness. However, the account closes with the expulsion of Adam and his wife from the garden by YHWH Elohim, with the way barred against their access to the tree of life by an angel and a flaming sword.

God as absolute origin

Creationists in the tradition of the Roman Catholic Church assert that God is the origin, out of nothing (Latin: ex nihilo), of all things that exist apart from God, who exists eternally. The Church holds as an unchangeable tenet of Christian faith, that:

"... three things are affirmed in these first words of Scripture: the eternal God gave a beginning to all that exists outside of himself; he alone is Creator (the verb "create" - Hebrew bara - always has God for its subject). The totality of what exists (expressed by the formula "the heavens and the earth") depends on the One who gives it being. — (Catechism of the Catholic Church: "Creation - Work of the Holy Trinity" 1.2.1.1.4.2.290)

Here, clearly, creation is described as an absolute beginning, which includes the assertion that the very existence of the universe is contingent upon a necessary, uncreated being, a God who is not himself created. Therefore the doctrine of creation places the knowledge of God central in the pursuit of the knowledge of anything, for everything comes from God. The "supernatural" refers ultimately to God alone. Nature is denied to have divinity.

This doctrine of creation, generally speaking, is shared by doctrinal definitions of Judaism, Islam, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, Protestantism and most of its derivatives, as well as the Roman Catholic Church. The strictness to which adherents are required to accept these views, and the sense in which these definitions are official, vary widely.

Implied, is the invitation to intrude upon any territory of knowledge subject to scrutiny in order to seek truthful understanding of facts, out of the conviction that God has given being to all things that exist, and has given to mankind this task of mastery. Hypothetically for example, such a doctrine has already embraced evolution in principle, provided only that the facts compel its acceptance, and will not cling to it if the facts finally prove otherwise. Its ultimate investment is to move forward in the knowledge of the Creator, and it has no permanent commitment to anything else called knowledge, once it has been rejected in favor of more complete knowledge. Therefore, it is not creationism that is rejected should evolution be proven, as long as creationism is the doctrine of creation. This, more than anything that science may succeed in proving, shows the distinction between the doctrine of creation, and what is now called creationism.

Saint Augustine (A.D. 354-430) in his work The Literal Meaning of Genesis (De Genesi ad litteram libri duodecim) embarrassed by Christians who would not accept this implication of the Doctrine of Creation, wrote against them. This translation is by J. H. Taylor in Ancient Christian Writers, Newman Press, 1982, volume 41.

"Usually, even a non-Christian knows something about the earth, the heavens, and the other elements of this world, about the motion and orbit of the stars and even their size and relative positions, about the predictable eclipses of the sun and moon, the cycles of the years and the seasons, about the kinds of animals, shrubs, stones, and so forth, and this knowledge he hold to as being certain from reason and experience. Now, it is a disgraceful and dangerous thing for an infidel to hear a Christian, presumably giving the meaning of Holy Scripture, talking nonsense on these topics; and we should take all means to prevent such an embarrassing situation, in which people show up vast ignorance in a Christian and laugh it to scorn. The shame is not so much that an ignorant individual is derided, but that people outside the household of faith think our sacred writers held such opinions, and, to the great loss of those for whose salvation we toil, the writers of our Scripture are criticized and rejected as unlearned men. If they find a Christian mistaken in a field which they themselves know well and hear him maintaining his foolish opinions about our books, how are they going to believe those books in matters concerning the resurrection of the dead, the hope of eternal life, and the kingdom of heaven, when they think their pages are full of falsehoods and on facts which they themselves have learnt from experience and the light of reason? Reckless and incompetent expounders of Holy Scripture bring untold trouble and sorrow on their wiser brethren when they are caught in one of their mischievous false opinions and are taken to task by those who are not bound by the authority of our sacred books. For then, to defend their utterly foolish and obviously untrue statements, they will try to call upon Holy Scripture for proof and even recite from memory many passages which they think support their position, although they understand neither what they say nor the things about which they make assertion." [1 Timothy 1.7]

The doctrine of creation expects, and even requires, that forward movement must occur. St. Vincent of Lerens wrote more generally concerning the progress of religion, in 434:

"Shall there be no progress of religion in the Church of Christ? By all means the greatest progress. Who could be so jealous against men, so spiteful against God that he try to prohibit this? However, the progress must be one which can be called the progress of our faith and not a change." "The decisions of the Christian religion shall follow rightly these laws of how to make progress". Patrologia Latina, 50, 667 (Migne)

In philosophy derived from the Scriptures of Judaism and Christianity, the doctrines of creation are the centripetal force, by which the centrifugal force of science is welded to the center, which is God. That is to say, the doctrine of creation is always in tension against science, preventing its movement away from God. The same doctrine pushes against science, to keep it from collapsing into magic and superstition, crashing in upon the center where God is alone. This analogy to the physics of a hub and spokes is inadequate, because in reality the struggle between science and God, with theology connecting the two, takes place where all of the complications of human nature are involved, and the progress of understanding bears no resemblance to the fluid motions of a wheel.

Babylonia

From cuneiform tablets there are preserved one full-length creation myth and several fragmentary episodes.

Reference

A. Leo Oppenheim, Ancient Mesopotamia

China

There are two major creation myths. In the first myth, the universe was an egg. A god named Pangu, born inside the egg, broke it into two halves: The upper half became the sky, the lower half became the earth. As the god grew taller, the sky and the earth grew thicker and were separated further. Finally the god died and his body parts became different things on the earth.

In the second myth, Tao is the ultimate force behind the creation. With Tao, NOTHING gave rise to EXISTENCE, EXISTENCE gave rise to Yin and Yang, and Yin and Yang gave rise to everything. Due to the ambiguous nature of this myth, it could be compatible with the first myth but it could be explained in a way to better fit the modern scientific view of the creation of universe.

Egypt

In the beginning was only ocean. Then a hill became visible rising from the ocean, and at this point the first god awoke (The cosmology of Heliopolis held that this first god was the sun god Ra, that of Memphis that it was the earth god Ptah). The first god began to create other gods, who proceeded to create the various aspects of the world.

Hinduism

In Hindu philosophy, the existence of the universe is governed by the triumvirate- The Trimurti of Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (the Sustainer) and Shiva (the Destroyer). The sequence of Avatars of Vishnu- the Dasavatara (Sanskrit: Dasa—ten, Avatara—incarnation)is generally accepted by most Hindus today as correlating well with Darwin's theory of evolution, the first Avatar generating from the environment of water.

Hindus thus do not see much conflict between creation and evolution. An additional reason for this could also be the Hindu concept of cyclic time (unlike the concept of linear time in many other religions).In fact, time is represented as a wheel- 'Kaala Chakra'- Wheel of Time

An interesting point is that though Brahma is considered the Creator, unlike Vishnu and Shiva, there is no temple of worship for Brahma, reasons for which form part of myths.

Islam

The account in the Qur'an has only one creation story. It is based on the Biblical version (Man created from water: Surah al-Furqan 25; Man created in diverse stages: Surah Nuh 14; Man created from clay: Surah as-Saffat 11, Surah al-Sajdah 7-9; Man created from muddy dirt or scum: Surah al-Hijr 15)

Japan

In the beginning was only ocean. The god Izanagi and goddess Izanami used a spear to form the island of Japan from mud from the ocean's bottom, settled on the land, and their children became the people of Japan.

Maya

The Maya of Mesoamerica creation story is recounted in the book "Popol Vuh". In the beginning there is only sky and sea, personified as a trinity of gods called Heart-of-Sky. They decide that they want someone to praise them. They begin by saying "Earth", which appears on demand from the sea. This is followed by mountains and trees, and Heart-of-Sky establish that "our work is going well". Next for creation are the creatures of the forest: birds, deer, jaguars and snakes. They are told to multiply and scatter, and then to speak and "pray to us". But the animals just squawk and howl. They are consequently humbled and will become servants to whoever will worship Heart-of-Sky. So Heart-of-Sky try to make some more respectful creatures from mud. But the results are not great, and they allow the new race to be washed away. They call upon their grandparents, who suggest wood as an appropriate medium. But the wooden people are just mindless robots so Heart-of Sky set about the destruction of this new race by means of a rain-storm. This causes the animals to turn against the wooden people, and even their pots and querns rebel, and crush the peoples' faces. The wooden people escape to the forests and are turned into monkeys. Heart-of-Sky then make yet another attempt at creating a suitably respectful race, and finally succeed by fashioning humans out of maize-corn dough.

Zoroastrianism

Ahura Mazda created 16 lands, one by one, such that each would be delightful to its people. As he finished each one, Angra Mainyu applied a counter-creation, introducing plague and sin of various kinds.

See also

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Creationism

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Creationism is a belief that the origin of the universe and everything in it is due to an event of creation brought about by the deliberate act of a creator god.

This article describes the spectrum of creationist arguments and beliefs, the role of creationism in society, and the parts that prominent individual creationists play in the creation science movement. For a detailed discussion of beliefs concerning the origin of the universe in various religions and cultures, see creation beliefs. For a discussion of creationism in the context of theology, see creationism (theology).

Spectrum and types of beliefs

Many religions have significant creationist factions, but creationism in its modern form is strongly associated with the religious tradition of fundamentalist Christianity and the creation science movement. Advocates of this form of creationism purport to offer scientific explanations for religious creation scenarios. However, creation science is well known for its antagonism towards mainstream scientific theories of cosmology, human origins, and (most notably) the theory of evolution.

There is no single set of beliefs or arguments which identifies creationism. According to Mark Isaak, "creation and evolution are not a dichotomy, but ends of a continuum, and most creationist and evolutionist positions may be fit along this continuum". An example of such a continuum is given below:

  1. Modern Flat Earthers, who follow a highly literal belief in the Bible, and deny that the Earth is spherical.
  2. Modern Geocentrism, which accepts the spherical earth, but denies heliocentrism (that the sun is the centre of the solar system rather than the Earth).
  3. Young Earth Creationism, which accept the spherical earth and heliocentrism, but believe that the Earth was created by God around 6,000 years ago.
  4. Old Earth Creationism includes a variety of beliefs, generally distinguished from Young Earth Creationism by adherents' acceptance that the Earth is millions of years old. Old Earth Creationism comes in four flavours:
    • Gap Creationism (or Restitution Creationism) - the view that life was immediately created on a pre-existing old Earth.
    • Day-Age Creationism holds that the "six days" of Genesis are not ordinary 24-hour days, but rather much longer periods (for instance, each "day" could be the equivalent of a million years of modern time).
    • Progressive Creationism - the view that new kinds of organisms are constantly being created to replace extinct ancient forms.
    • Intelligent Design - the view that life is too complex to have evolved without the intervention of an (unnamed) intelligent designer.
  5. Evolutionary Creationism and Theistic Evolution accept the existence of biological evolution, but also hold that God controls apparently random events, or designed the fundamental physical laws that allow evolution in the first place. Process theology is also compatible with acceptance of evolution.
  6. Materialistic Evolutionism, which accepts the theory of evolution, but denies the existence of any divine agency (atheism) or believes it to be unknowable (agnosticism).

This spectrum was proposed in 1999 by Eugenie Scott, in the Reports of the National Center for Science Education.

Deism is the belief that the universe was created by a God who then made no further intervention in its affairs, often expressed by the metaphor of the "Divine Watchmaker" who created a mechanism so perfect as to be self-regulating. Deists do not believe in miracles or revelations. Because of their rejection of revelation, they attempt to infer their theology entirely from philosophical arguments.

Historical overview

The creation beliefs of Judaism, Christianity and Islam have their origins in the Hebrew Bible and classical Judaism. In the West, until the late 19th century, Jews and Christians believed that all things originated by an act of God, with the single exception of God who is said to have existed eternally. Religion greatly influenced life in Europe after the decline of the Roman empire, but the watershed of scientific discovery and progressive thinking unleashed by the Renaissance and the Enlightenment made other explanations than purely theological ones conceivable again, as they already had been in antiquity, when simple predecessors to the theory of evolution were developed.

Charles Darwin's famous work, The Origin of Species (1859) introduced the theory of evolution by natural selection, which did not require the careful work of a creator God to produce organisms well-adapted to their environment. At this point, however, evolution by natural selection was perceived as opposing not religious accounts of creation, but rather Lamarck's theory of evolution by inheritance of acquired characteristics. In his subsequent book The Descent of Man (1871), Darwin applied his theory to the origin of humankind, and put forth the hypothesis that humans were descended from apes by the mechanism of evolution by natural selection. A monumental controversy ensued in Victorian Britain, as this theory apparently contradicted the accounts of the creation of man given in the Bible, which had so far been the primary source on the matter.

The modern creationist movement originated in the United States as part of fundamentalist Christianity, effectively as a reaction against the radical implications of Darwin's theory. The old belief in a literal (or divinely "revealed") interpretation of scripture was formalized and presented as being superior to scientific explanations. As more moderate branches of creationism appeared, "creationism" developed into an umbrella term for various creation beliefs, and for non-theological justifications thereof, although it is generally understood to refer to the fundamentalist variants.

In the United States, Christian fundamentalists are engaged in a long-running campaign to modify the primary or supplementary science curriculum of public schools, against the strong opposition of many involved in the teaching of science, including evolutionary biologists. The high point of the controversy occurred in 1925, during the Scopes Monkey Trial, when a teacher defied a Tennessee law forbidding the teaching of the theory of evolution. More recently, controversy has centered on attempts to dilute the teaching of evolution and mandating "equal time" for creationism or creationist-inspired theories in science classes.

The two creation stories in Genesis

In considering Creationism, it makes sense to examine what the Book of Genesis says about creation and then consider how different people interpret what is written. This is important because many people are not aware that the Book of Genesis contains two distinct versions of the story of creation.

  1. The story of the creation in six days (Genesis 1:1 to 2:4a)
  2. The story of the day of creation (Genesis 2:4a-24)

These two stories have stood side by side ever since the book of Genesis was compiled. They are important not only as creation stories, but also because attempts to account for their differences helped to lead to documentary theories of the origin of various books of the Hebrew Scriptures.

The story of creation in six days

This account is of God (Elohim) creating the universe in six days and resting on the seventh day. (According to Strong’s Concordance, Elohim is a plural form. Elohim is variously translated as God, gods or the magistrates, depending on the context.)

The order of creation in this story was as follows:

1. creation of the heavens and the earth, a formless void (1:2) and light :(1:3)
2. a dome (firmament) to separate the waters from the waters (1: 6,7)
3. dry land, vegetation and fruit trees (1:9-13)
4. lights in the dome of the sky , the sun, moon and stars (1: 14-19)
5. living creatures in the waters and the sky (1: 20-23)
6. living creatures on land: wild animals, cattle and creeping things (1: :24-25)
7. mankind (in the image of Elohim, male and female (1:26-31)
8. the Sabbath (2:1-4a)

The story of the day of creation

This story is an account of the day the LORD God (Yahweh Elohim) creating the earth and the heavens.

1. the man was formed (2:7)
2. the LORD God planted a garden (2:8)
3. the growth of trees (2:9)
4. the man put in the garden (2:15)
5. the creation of the animals and birds (2:19)
6. the creation of the first woman (2: 21-2)

Comparing the two creation stories

The order in which the events of creation take place in the two stories are significantly different in each version. However, this anomaly is not immediately problematic for the casual reader, probably because each story is consistent within itself.

However, a second difference has troubled some people. The first creation story is about six days of creation (in Genesis 1:31); the second creation story talks about the day of creation (in Genesis 2:4b). This apparent contradiction in two verses that are so close together has troubled many commentators (see A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom by A.D. White, 1896, Dover Publications, 1960, page 5).

Of course, this difference is effectively concealed in many modern translations because they say ‘when the LORD God created…’ instead of the literal ‘on the day that the LORD God created…’

Interpretation of Genesis

Some Creationists do not believe that the two accounts of Genesis 1 and Genesis 2 are compatible, and yet hold that the creation of Man is in some important sense the culmination of God's creating work, although neither account is taken as "history". Other Creationists harmonize the two accounts, as one version with two distinct emphases, historical but with some events arranged in non-chronological order.

Day-Age Creationism holds that the six days referred to are not ordinary 24-hour days, but rather much longer periods (of thousands or millions of years); the Genesis account is then interpreted as an account of the process of evolution. There are even some Christians who believe the six day period refers to the time spent by light traveling from the center of the universe at the time and point of creation.

Evolutionary creationists typically hold that the passages in Genesis are not to be interpreted literally, but are rather a symbolic or poetic account of the creation of the universe. Some believe that they are based on the prevailing knowledge of the physical world at the time that they were written, and that only the moral and religious, as opposed to the physically descriptive, content of the Bible is inspired.

It is also possible to view Genesis as an allegory for the process of humankind's development of self-awareness and the emergence of human intelligence from a previous animal state. In this interpretation, the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge is a key component as the Serpent claims it holds the power to impart understanding that would rival God's. The humans do take a bite and get the ability to understand (they do not eat the whole fruit, so get a partial understanding), but immediately become ashamed of their nakedness (presumably because it belies their animal nature) and get expelled from the Garden of Eden (representing a contented animal existence) to toil in the world and face strife and conflict.

Ongoing Creation?

In the view of some creationists, the progress and differentiation of some kinds under the guidance of God has not ceased and is still ongoing today. Others argue that the creating work reached its culmination in the creation of mammals and Man, and has since ceased.

Creation science

Some creationists posit that certain assumptions, procedures, theories and findings of science — especially the theory of evolution through natural selection — are not only fundamentally incompatible with creation beliefs but are also scientifically incorrect. They propose alternative theories on scientific processes of creation, commonly known as creation science, that they consider to be more compatible with their religious beliefs. They believe that the explanation of origins, especially of Man and other living things, requires reference to a Creator.

Not all creationists claim to be creation scientists. Specifically, evolutionary creationists do not seek to challenge mainstream science, believing that science and religion can be reconciled. Other creationists view scientific truth as separate from spiritual truth and are unconcerned by apparent contradictions between the two. However, according to some noteworthy critics of creation science, virtually all creation scientists advocate the Biblical story of creation by unethically disguising it as science. (Arthur, 1996.) This criticism has found accord in decisions made by federal courts in the United States that have overturned various state laws seeking to give creation science equal time with the theory of evolution in public schools, including a 1987 decision by the United States Supreme Court. (See, e.g., Edwards v. Aguillard, 482 U.S. 578 (1987); McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education, 529 F.Supp. 1255 (1982).)

Common descent

Creationists who entirely reject macro-evolution naturally also reject common descent. However, amongst creationists who do accept the theory of evolution, there is debate over whether to accept or reject the theory of common descent, and in particular, the common descent of mankind and other species. Those who reject common descent argue that although other life on Earth evolved, Adam and Eve were fashioned and given life directly by God, unique in the creation. Evolutionary creationists and many advocates of Intelligent Design accept common descent. Michael Behe is one, stating "I dispute the mechanism of natural selection, not common descent".

Age of the Earth

There is a sharp distinction in particular between Young Earth Creationists and Old Earth Creationists who hold contradictory views regarding the age of the Earth. Young Earth Creationism is typically based on Jewish and Christian religious fundamentalism and holds that scientific findings simply conflict with the account of creation given in Genesis, where it is recorded that the Earth was created by God in six days. This adherence to six actual days comes from a strict belief in biblical inspiration. Young Earth creationists who interpret the Bible literally believe that the Earth is somewhere around 6,000 years old (according to Bishop James Ussher's dating) and usually reject the Big Bang theory of the origin of the universe. Rather, they believe that all created existence began within a single terrestrial week, six to ten thousand years ago.

See creation beliefs for a more detailed discussion of theological views on creationism within different religious belief systems.

Distribution of creationist views

In the United States, creationism remains popular among non-scientists. According to several evolution polls over the last decade, 45-50% of Americans believe that "God created man pretty much in his present form at one time within the last 10,000 years." Only about 10% believe that the evolution of species occurred without any divine intervention. These numbers are higher among the upper class, among Internet users and among college graduates, and much higher among scientists (about 55% believe that evolution occurred without God over millions of years according to a 1997 Gallup poll [1]), and higher still among biologistss and geologistss. This data has remained relatively stable over time.

In 1987, Newsweek reported: "By one count there are some 700 scientists with respectable academic credentials (out of a total of 480,000 U.S. earth and life scientists) who give credence to creation science, the general theory that complex life forms did not evolve but appeared 'abruptly.'". This suggests that support for this form of creationism as a fraction of scientists working in the area is negligible. A 2000 poll by People for the American Way examined the question of popular support for evolution and creationism in schools, and showed that a large majority of 83% supported the teaching of the theory of evolution [1].

The United States fundamentalist Christian community has no real parallels (in terms of numbers, prominence, and political influence) elsewhere in the Western world, and because most vocal creationists are from the United States, it is generally assumed that creationist views are not as common elsewhere. Statistics in the area are however patchy. According to a PBS documentary on evolution, Australian creationists claimed that "five percent of the Australian population now believe that Earth is thousands, rather than billions, of years old". The documentary further states that "Australia is a particular stronghold of the creationist movement". Taking these claims at face value, "young-earth" creationism is very much a minority position in Western countries other than the USA.

In Europe specifically, creationism is a less well defined phenomenon, and regular polls are not taken; however, the option of teaching creationism in school has not yet been seriously considered in any Western European country. Even in Roman Catholic-majority countries, papal acceptance of evolution as worthy of study has essentially ended debate on the matter for many people. Nevertheless, creationist groups such as the German Studiengemeinschaft Wort und Wissen [1] are actively lobbying there as well. There is a Turkish creationist organization BAV, whose pseudonymous spokesman Harun Yahya puts an Islamic face on familiar American creationism. There apparently are a number of Hindu creationists as well. In the United Kingdom the Vardy Foundation, which owns two colleges in the north of England and plans to open several more, teaches that creationism and evolution are equally valid "faith positions".

Creationism in public education

The Supreme Court of the United States interprets the First Amendment to the United States Constitution as prohibiting public schools from teaching religious beliefs as facts and has ruled that a government-funded science curriculum should not support the teaching of religious beliefs in science classes. It has specifically ruled in Epperson v. Arkansas and Edwards v Aguillard that creationism, even when referred to as a science, is such a religious belief. Creationists claim that this position does not consider the possibility that humankind and other living creatures were in fact created by God. They also claim that this viewpoint has been used to squelch classroom discussion by students who insist that their faith in creationism is relevant to the origins controversy. Supporters of evolution claim that the teaching of evolution is not necessarily incompatible with a belief that God is the ultimate creator of the universe, and therefore of all life. This is a position that is widely adopted by many, if not, most mainstream Christian denominations.

Despite the Supreme Court rulings, Boards of Education and local communities continue to struggle with controversy when scientific creationism is raised as an argument in opposition to the teaching of evolution. For example, supporters of intelligent design, who typically seek to differentiate ID from faith-based creationism, argued in December 2002 for the inclusion of the hypothesis that life had an intelligent designer in the Ohio Board of Education standards for science education.

In the UK, one of the few countries in which teaching religion in public schools is a legal requirement, there is an agreed syllabus for religious education with the right of parents to withdraw their children from these lessons. [1]

The prescribed UK national curriculum for science includes the theory of evolution; a creationist teacher who insisted on teaching creationism instead of evolution was disciplined and eventually dismissed.

Creationism and naturalism

The following tenets of creationism inherently contradict philosophical naturalism and materialism:

  1. There was an origin of the universe for which the direct intervention of God was required.
  2. The origin of life required the direct intervention of God.
  3. Sentience, perception, self-awareness, and the capacities for knowledge and understanding, are not reducible to physical processes alone, but were granted to living and intelligent creatures by the direct intervention of God.
  4. These capacities, and more basically life itself, are not possible to describe in terms of physics alone.

A general response to the modern creationism controversy has been articulated by creationist Phillip E. Johnson, Professor of Law at the University of California, Berkeley, who argues that the entire issue of biological origins has been framed in terms of naturalism, and that natural science per se is not identical with naturalism. According to him, the statement, "Science has nothing to say about whether or not there exists a supernatural realm" is true and based on the fact that rigorous physical science is naturalistic, but the statement, "Science holds that there is no supernatural realm" is false because it is beyond the scope of natural science to make such an assertion, but is instead a philosophical position. According to Johnson, this distinction opens the possibility of natural science and creationism being non-contradictory. However, such an assertion becomes problematic in light of very specific creationist claims that pertain to the natural realm, and also does not answer the question whether creationism in the form of creation science has a place in public schools.

Creationism vs. evolution debate

Historically, the "creationism vs. evolution" debate began when Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace published their independent observations on evolutionary mechanisms in 1858 and 1859 respectively. Darwin's The Origin of Species became the focal point of creationist debate, at a time when universities were still dominated by religious thought. Darwin was well aware of the likely implications of his work for people with strong religious beliefs and delayed its publication until he became aware that Wallace was about to publish his similar views. Darwin's book sparked an immediate and furious controversy on both sides of the Atlantic, dividing not just secular and religious but also literal and non-literal theists. One of the most famous incidents in the debate was the Oxford Meeting of 1860, when T.H. Huxley, Darwin's self-appointed "bulldog", publicly debated Darwin's theory with the Bishop of Oxford, "Soapy Sam" Wilberforce. Darwin's ideas continued to arouse controversy in Europe for years afterwards, but by the 1930s had become the accepted explanation for the modification of organisms over time.

By contrast, the much stronger culture of religious literalism in the United States meant that while academic opinion was generally in favour of Darwinism, public and legislative opinion - especially in the "Bible Belt" states of the South - was strongly pro-creationism. The clash between academia and legislatures came to a head in 1925, when the famous Scopes Trial tested a law that forbade the teaching of evolution in Tennessee public schools. The law was not repealed until 1968, when it was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. The debate has intensified in recent years with the growing involvement of the Christian right in U.S. politics, which has seen the creationism vs. evolution debate taking on increasingly party political overtones. Christian fundamentalists continue to seek the restriction or dilution of the teaching of evolution in the classroom, lobbying for changes to school curriculums and textbooks to give equal time to creationist views or to ban the teaching of evolution altogether.

Creationism has, ironically, undergone something of a process of evolution over the past century as the advance of scientific knowledge and growing judicial strictness in the interpretation of the U.S. Constitution have squeezed out the more overtly religious or unscientific creationist forays into the classroom. In recent times, Christian creationist views have been appearing in the form of a movement called intelligent design (ID). Advocates of ID take care to never explicitly name God as their intelligent designer. Opponents of ID criticise its theories as pseudoscientific and dismiss the movement as putting a quasi-academic gloss on a disguised version of creationism - in effect, a covert attempt to smuggle religion into the classroom. Although the ID movement is well-organised and well-funded by Christian conservatives, it has so far achieved relatively little success in obtaining educational endorsement of its theories.

Creationism of any variety has also made little headway against mainstream scientific opinion; the vast majority of scientists accept the theory of evolution through natural selection. However, perhaps as a result of resurgent Christian fundamentalism gaining converts among well-educated right-wing Americans, a small but vociferous number of academics have come out in favour of creationist ideas.

Arguments against evolution

Creationist arguments against evolution tend to rely either on simple theological arguments ("God did it") or, increasingly, on claims based on scientific concepts. This section discusses creationist claims made under the latter rubric.

Creationists reject the theory that life gradually evolved over millions of years from simple to increasingly complex forms only by means of mutation and natural selection (gradualism). The most usual argument is that there is insufficient evidence for this proposition, or that the existing evidence is flawed or misinterpreted in various ways.

Evolutionary scientists hold that, on the contrary, there is overwhelming evidence in favour of evolution over time and that most types of creationism are in direct conflict with findings of empirical sciences like geology, paleontology and physics.

Many creationists posit what they claim are scientific arguments against the theory of evolution. Evolutionists often respond that these are merely attempts to "mask" creationism as a science, and that so-called creation science is pseudoscience. Biologists respond to claims by creationists, and have frequently expressed frustration that claims that they consider debunked are tirelessly repeated, which they interpret as evidence that creationists have no interest to engage in a scientific debate (Arthur 1996, see references below). Creationists say that evolutionists have been ignoring blind spots or faulty evidence in their theories for many decades.

The primary line of scientific argument against evolution currently centers around the notion that many biological systems have irreducible complexity in terms of intermediate forms. That is, organs such as the human eye do not have stepwise functional iterations that can be adequately explained by evolution, as necessary intermediate steps would be completely nonfunctional and maladaptive. This perspective has been extensively presented by biochemist Michael Behe in the book "Darwin's Black Box". While a common counterargument is that organs do in fact have less-complex predecessors, some see this as a straw man argument in that the actual criteria that must be met is for all intermediate steps to be demonstrable as being both statistically explainable by genetic mutation, and individually functional and adaptive concurrent with this process.

Macroevolution vs. Microevolution

Creationists often make a distinction between macroevolution (any evolutionary change at or above the level of species) and microevolution (any evolutionary change below the level of species). It used to be thought that species were fixed and immutable; Linnaeus expressed the conventional view when he opined that "there are as many species are the Creator produced forms in the beginning." However, creationists have long made a distinction between a species and a variety, in other words a subset of a species. Hence a man and a monkey represent two different species, whereas a poodle and a Great Dane represent two varieties of the same species, in this case the common dog Canis domesticus. It was clearly possible to effect change at the microevolutionary change, for instance by interbreeding two varieties of dog to produce a new breed. However, the "basic kind" - the dog, the monkey or the man - was deemed to be immutable, with no possibility of turning a monkey into a man (not least because interbreeding was not possible).

Such arguments have persisted to this day. Most creationists accept the observable evidence of microevolution in the light of examples such as Darwin's finches on the Galapagos islands evolving from one original base form into a variety of different forms adapted to the circumstances peculiar to their home islands. Similar examples are found in the fossil record and are commonly encountered in studies of organisms with a high rate of reproduction, particularly bacteria and insects. However, creationists treat macroevolution with considerably more skepticism and suggest that if it occurred at all - which some deny - it probably did not occur solely by the reasons proposed by advocates of evolution.

Fossils and macroevolution

Creationists claim that though many varieties of reptiles and mammals exist, there is no record of an animal capable of bridging the gap between them, and that "gaps in the fossil record" reveal "missing links" between different species which refute the idea of gradual transitions.

Fossil finds are generally restricted only to the extremely small amount of sedimentary rock that is exposed on the surface of the Earth at any one time. The vast majority of actual fossils remain concealed within the rock strata. Scientists contend that new fossils are constantly being found and that we have thousands of fossil examples for many species showing transition states from one form to another. Creationists suggest that this evidence only shows examples of microevolution.

In recent years, scientists have debated whether the gaps in the fossil record are purely the result of patchy fossilization, or whether they represent in part a genuine unevenness in the rate of evolution. A theory known as punctuated equilibrium suggests the latter. It suggests that rapid speciation happens in small populations which are cut off, possibly geographically, from others of their species, and which develop independently. Evolution in these small groups may occur relatively quickly, perhaps over only a few thousands of years - a timeframe which may be too small for any significant number of fossils to be deposited (and more importantly, to survive to the present day). Later the isolated population reenters the wider geographical area and supplants its closest relatives. The fossil record would thus show an abrupt transition from one form to another. This view has gained significant support among scientists, but it is still somewhat controversial.

Supporters of evolution have noted that creationists often query whether a transitional fossil truly represents a transition. According to the argumentation of Creationists, when a fossil is found that appears to lie in between two existing fossils, instead of representing a transition between them, this discovery creates two new gaps that need to be explained. Scientists have uncovered millions of fossils, most of which fit together in a coherent evolutionary tree. Some exceptions do exist, but the ongoing discovery of new fossils eventually allows those currently incertae sedis (in an unknown place) to be slotted into the right place in the tree.

While it is certainly true that there are gaps in the fossil record, transitions between any two forms of a life-form are inherently more difficult to find than other fossils. Indeed, there will always be gaps in the fossil record, no matter how many separate species are discovered, as it is unreasonable to demand that one can dig up a continuous chain of millions of fossils for each and every life-form. Many transitional forms are missing only because, for whatever geological reason, they failed to be fossilized.

Considering that fossilization of organisms is actually an incredibly rare and exceptional event rather than the norm, this is a likely explanation. For one thing, the vast majority of fossils involved deposition in an aqueous environment where they are then covered by sediment in a progressive way so that they are not re-exposed to the elements. It is known from direct observation that this is a rare process, especially considering that most organisms become food for other organisms.

Differences in scale

Most biologists consider the difference between microevolution and macroevolution to be relative. Creationists who reject Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection argue that the difference is absolute. They have proposed that microevolution always takes the form of destructive genetic mutations, which happen to confer an advantage to individuals in a specific environment. Because macroevolution requires many constructive genetic changes, they argue that microevolution cannot lead to macroevolution. One example of a destructive mutation that conferred a competitive advantage under a specific situation occurred in Streptococcus pneumoniae, some strains of which are resistant to penicillin. But this resistance requires the bacterium to expend extra resources that the nonresistant bacteria do not, and so it does not compete well with them in the absence of penicillin. Competitive advantage is the driving force behind natural selection, so the relevance is unclear to evolutionists.

More specifically, the contention of creationists is that the observed and verified process of microevolution does not lead to increasingly complex species. When the mutations occur, they lead to the elimination of certain unuseful genetic traits, decreasing the genetic complexity and diversity of the affected species, creationists say. Creationists claim proponents of macroevolution accept that increases in genetic complexity are brought about solely through improbable major mutation. An evolutionist response might be:

  1. The mechanisms of mutation show no preference for simplification.
  2. If the mutation were disadvantageous, it would probably die out, leaving diversity unchanged.
  3. If the mutation were neutral, it would coexist with the original form, increasing diversity.
  4. A series of advantageous simplifying mutations could produce a new species.

Creationists claim that although helpful mutations have been observed, mutations that increase genetic complexity have not. This claim does not, however, appear to be borne out by recent evidence from comparative genomics, since larger-scale genetic rearrangements other than mutation, such as gene duplication and chromosome duplication do lead to increased genetic complexity.

Intelligent design

The above-mentioned intelligent design movement allows for macroevolution but denies the theory of natural selection as a probable mechanism, arguing that God has guided the evolution. One argument against this view is that the possibility of an intelligent designer is real, but substantially more complex than alternative possibilities, such as a modified theory of evolution, or even the possibility of extraterrestrial origin. As such, the theory falls foul of the well-tested scientific principle of Ockham's Razor. If God, or an unspecified "designer", guided the process, this raises further questions, such as:

A further problem is presented by the essential unprovability (or disprovability) of the Designer's methodology. Dr. Duane Gish, a prominent "scientific creationist", highlights this issue in his 1978 book Evolution? The Fossils Say No!: "We do not know how the Creator created, what processes He used, for He used processes which are not now operating in the natural universe [italics as in original] ... We cannot discover by scientific investigation anything about the creative processes used by the Creator." A theory that cannot be tested is essentially unscientific, at least by the widely accepted criteria set out by the late philosopher Karl Popper. Not coincidentally, although proponents of intelligent design have highlighted what they see as many flaws in evolutionary theory, they have conspicuously omitted to define the processes necessary for the creation of a designed ecosystem.

Further arguments

The argument from irreducible complexity is that some structures, such as rotary flagella could not have developed gradually, and have no precursor forms. However, other structures that were once thought unexplainable have since been explained. For example, in The Origin of Species, Darwin showed how a structure as complex as the eye could evolve. The advent of computers has enabled the evolutionary process to be modelled though simple mathematical models, invariably showing a steady progression from a light-sensitive spot to a complex eye with a lens focus. (See Richard Dawkins, River Out Of Eden (1995) for a detailed explanation of the simulation and the multiple independent evolutions of the eye by numerous different organisms.)

Other arguments proposed by creationists include:

Arguments creationists use Evolutionists counter each of these
1. That rock strata have in some places apparently been laid down out of order. Geologists actually expect the strata to be out of order in places. Strata are never randomly arranged, but in locations are visibly folded or overthrust, with adjacent layers remaining adjacent in all but the border zones.
2. That the existence of strata and fossils suggest that they were laid down catastrophically. For fossils to have been layed out catastrophically, it would necessitate some sort of sorting process that layed down fossils of different types in specific strata, with almost no exceptions among billions of samples.
3. That the speed of light has changed over time, thus changing the speed of radioactive decay. There is some recent, controversial evidence that the speed of light might have changed in the very early universe. However, the upper bound on how much the speed of light may have changed is insufficient to have created the effects necessary for the creation science argument.
4. That radioactive dates may be thought unreliable if they assume that certain isotopes were not present in the rock when formed. Different minerals have different chemical properties, and tend to form crystals or other shapes with their own kind (thus excluding others). Additionally, it would be unreasonable to expect that a measurable quantity of many of the decay products even could exist in the same mineral as the parent on formation (such as the gas argon occurring in a potassium-bearing salt of a size that indicates slow cooling).
5. That while a few thousands of years elapsed on earth, millions of years may have elapsed in the wider universe. The passage of time, according to special relativity, varies with gravitational potential as well as motion.

 For time to be warped on earth due to known spatial relativity would require a huge gravitational distortion that would have destroyed the planet. Additionally, no evidence of such effects exists.
6. Scientists claim mammals are an evolution of reptiles, but the differences between them are so significant and numerous that an entire class of animals would be needed to fill the gap. The lines of transitions outlined on the right hand side are not sufficient because they contain huge gaps. The evolution of reptiles is well known. See evolution of reptiles.
7. Dating techniques of all types are based on assumptions about the conditions present in and around an object throughout history. Most dating techniques have been confirmed extensively. For example, carbon dating has been used on artifacts from known times in history, and has shown a high degree of success. Both radioactive decay and mineralization are well documented processes that are both confirmable in theory and in practice. Many millions of fossils have been categorized, and there have been only a handful of "misfits", of which explanations are present. The fact that different methods confirm each other provides a very high degree of confidence in those methods.
8. Genetic research, through forced mutation, has found no evidence that DNA is capable of creating a 'sliding scale' of creatures. On the contrary, mutations always fit into recognizable forms. Creationist argue that changes do not go beyond microevolution. They would say that the counter-argument on the right-hand side is a typcial situation of microevolution. It's a case of parameter variation and not an example where actually new features are developed. Genetic research has found a huge degree of change in organisms. Since the speed at which changes occur is relative to how fast the organism reproduces, changes are most observed among small organisms. By inducing selective factors on the common fruit fly, one can vary the size, shapes, and other traits of the flies. Using selective factors on bacteria and virii, virtually any trait of the organism can be modified in a matter of weeks.
9. If macroevolution by gradual changes and selection of the fittest organism really took place a great number of misshaped fossils should be found to account for this. This is not a necessary indication. And there are some fossils which show unnecessary features.
10. The "equation" for intelligent life is
IL = information + matter + energy. 		For intelligent life to develop outside information is not necessary
IL = matter + energy + a stochastic process
11. Nearly all mutations are destructive. Biochemical processes are reversible. The gradual mutations and the selection process were sufficient.

Do arguments against evolution support creationism?

Suppose one accepts that:

  1. Evolution is a counter-argument against the teleological argument (argument from design).
  2. The teleological argument is an otherwise convincing argument for a creator God.

In this case, convincing arguments against evolution would support the existence of a creator God. However, not everyone accepts these premises. In particular, the teleological argument has been criticised on other grounds than evolution.(Todo: Insert explanation)

From a scientific point of view, theories are judged on many criteria, such as falsifiability, Ockham's Razor, and explanatory power, as well as the degree to which their predictions match experimental results. The following table tries to summarize the positions.

Criteria Creationist view Evolutionist view
falsifiability Neither the creationist views nor evolutionist views are fully falsifiable because they involve philosophical decisions. However conclusions may be derived from both views which are testable and therefore falsifiable. Some creationists argue that the theory of evolution is already falsified. In case of falsifications evolutionists normally come up with helper hypotheses like punctuated equilibrium which basically move an important parts of the theory into a place, where they are not falsifiable anymore. The theory of evolution is not falsified. Evolutionists say that the arguments of the creationists are inaccurate, self-contradictory and wrong. Creationists ignore refutations of their arguments and keep repeating the same ones (cf. Arthur).
Ockham's Razor The theory of evolution urges people to believe things which are very unlikely (cf. natural theology); people have to swallow propositions presented in a matter of fact way which would not be tolerated in other fields of science. This violates the principle commonly called Ockham's Razor Natural causes suffice to explain the evolution of animals and the decent of man. The hypothesis of God is no longer needed
Explanatory power Postulating that god has created the universe has a good explanatory power. To be honest about what we know and what we don't know is important. Postulating evolution has a good explanatory power. The theory is a more useful scientific paradigm than creation science.td>

See also

List of creationists

Former evolutionary biologists who became creationists

Former creationists who now accept the theory of evolution

External links and references

Creationism

Evolution

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Estimates of the date of Creation

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Many cultures have held traditional beliefs that the Earth, or indeed the entire Universe, was brought into being in a grand Creation event by one or more gods. Once these cultures developed calendars, many began to ponder the question of precisely how long ago it was that this event happened. This article discusses some attempts to estimate the date of Creation.

Dating the Biblical Creation

The Bible begins with the Book of Genesis, in which God creates the world, including the first human, a man named Adam, in a period of six days. Genesis goes on to list many of Adam's descendants, in many cases giving the ages at which they had children and died. By interpreting these ages literally, and adding them up, it is possible to build up a chronology, in which many of the events of the Old Testament are dated to an estimated number of years after the Creation.

Some scholars have gone further, and have attempted to tie in this Biblical chronology with that of recorded history, thus establishing a date for the Creation in a modern calendar. Since there are periods in the Biblical story where dates are not given, the chronology has been subject to interpretation in many different ways, resulting in a variety of estimates of the date of Creation.

Ancient Jewish scholars calculated that the world began on Sunday, September 6, 3761 BC. This is the basis for the Hebrew calendar.

One of the best known estimates in modern times is that of Bishop James Ussher (1581-1656), who proposed a date of Sunday, October 23, 4004 BC, in the Julian calendar. It is a common belief that he also gave an exact time of Creation, but this is not found in Ussher's work [1]. Andrew D. White, in his book A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom, attributes the following statement to Dr. John Lightfoot (1602 - 1675), Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, who was a contemporary of Ussher, but who published his own calculations before Ussher's were completed:-

"[T]his work took place and man was created by the Trinity on October 23, 4004 B.C., at nine o'clock in the morning."

Further reading

Date of Creation according to Hindu Scripture

According to Hindu scripture, the universe undergoes endless cycles of creation, existence in four yugas (ages) totalling exactly 4,320,000 years, and dissolution. The current universe is believed to have been created around the 3889th millennium BC and is expected to dissolve during the 431st millennium AD.

Date of Creation according to the Mayan calendar

The Mayan calendar dates the creation of the Earth to August 11 or August 13, 3114 BC (establishing that date as the year 0.0.0.0.0).

Date of Creation according to modern astrophysics

According to the Big Bang theory, our universe came into being from a gravitational singularity 13.7 ± 0.2 billion years ago. Those who hold to the hybrid theory of creative evolution view this as the beginning of the Creation event. Atheists who hold to the Big Bang theory see this as the moment when the universe originated, but it is not proper to say that they date creation here, for in the atheistic view this is not a creation event, as the word creation implies a creator, but merely a moment at which natural processes brought the universe into being.

External links

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Object creation

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

In computer science, object creation, also known as instantiation, is the process of creating objects in object-oriented programming. It marks the onset of lifetime of an object.

In OOP, the meaning of creating objects is far more subtle than simple allocating of spaces for variables. First it is due to that in OOP, the lifetime of each object tends to vary more widely than in the case in conventional programming. There are a lot of subtle questions such as should the object considered alive in the process of creation or about the order of calling initializing code. In some sense, the creation can happen before the beginning of the program when objects are placed in a global scope.

In a typical case, the process follows:

Those tasks can be completed at once but are sometimes left unfinished and the order of the tasks can vary and can cause several strange behaviors. For example, in multi-inheritance, which initializing code should be called first is a difficult question to answer.

It is a complex problem how to create each object as element of an array. Most languages leave this to programmers.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Object creation."

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Synonyms: Creation

Synonyms: conception (n), cosmos (n), creative activity (n), existence (n), foundation (n), founding (n), initiation (n), instauration (n), institution (n), macrocosm (n), origination (n), universe (n), world (n). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Creation

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Animal

Noun: animal, animal kingdom; fauna; brute creation.

Assent

Phrase: avec plaisir; chi tace accousente; "the public mind is the creation of the Master-Writers"; you bet your sweet ass it is; what are we waiting for? whenever you're ready; anytime you're ready.

Beginning

Origin; (cause); source, rise; bud, germ; egg, rudiment; genesis, primogenesis, birth, nativity, cradle, infancy; start, inception, creation, starting point; dawn; (morning); evolution.

Book

Phrase: "among the giant fossils of my past"; craignez tout d'un auteur en courroux; "for authors nobler palms remain"; "I lived to write and wrote to live"; "look in thy heart and write"; "there is no Past so long as Books shall live"; "the public mind is the creation of the Master-Writers"; "volumes that I prize above my dukedom".

Deity

Creation, preservation, divine government; Theocracy, Thearchy; providence; ways of Providence, dealings of Providence, dispensations of Providence, visitations of Providence.

Effect

Production, produce, work, handiwork, fabric, performance; creature, creation; offspring, offshoot; firstfruits, firstlings; heredity, telegony; premices premises.

Imagination

Conception, Vorstellung, excogitation, "a fine frenzy"; cloudland, dreamland; flight of fancy, fumes of fancy; "thick coming fancies"; creation of the brain, coinage of the brain; imagery.

Mankind

Cosmopolite; lords of the creation; ourselves.

Nonimitation

Invention, creation.

Production

Noun: {ant., } production, creation, construction, formation, fabrication, manufacture; building, architecture, erection, edification; coinage; diaster; organization; nisus formativus; putting together; Verb: establishment; workmanship, performance; achievement; (completion).

World

Noun: world, creation, nature, universe; earth, globe, wide world; cosmos; kosmos; terraqueous globe, sphere; macrocosm, megacosm; music of the spheres.

Adverb: in all creation, on the face of the globe, here below, under the sun.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Creation

English words defined with "creation": Ahmed Zoki Yamani, American Revolutionary leader, Antemundane, appoint, art, artistic creation, artistic production, Astrogeny ♦ beaux arts ♦ chaos, charge, classic, composing, composition, conception, construction, creation science, Creational, creationism, creative ♦ database management, database management system, DBMS, Decreation, design, develop, division, drafting, draftsmanship, drawing ♦ eden, Effection, excogitation ♦ February Revolution, fecundation, fertilisation, fertilization, fictive, fine arts, formation, Frankenstein, Frankenstein's monster, Fulbright ♦ Garden of Eden, gastroenterostomy, gastrostomy, genesis ♦ Hebrew calendar, Hexahemeron ♦ impregnation, industrial engineering, industrial management, innovation, invention ♦ James Usher, James Ussher, James William Fulbright, jejunostomy, Jewish calendar, John Muir ♦ make, master, master copy, Menorah, mental synthesis, Muir ♦ needlecraft, needlework ♦ Organotrophic, original ♦ partition, partitioning, poltergeist, Purana ♦ Reformation, remake, remaking, representation, Russian Revolution ♦ sectionalisation, sectionalization, segmentation ♦ Uncreated, Usher, Ussher ♦ Whole snipe, William Fulbright ♦ Yamani. (references)
Specialty definitions using "creation": Acorn Computers Ltd., Amination, Archontics ♦ Babel, tower of, Bluetooth, Bridgewater Treatises, business incubator ♦ Causa Causata, Chapman region, Coalition for Networked Information, component based development, Compound Document Architecture, computer-aided drawing, Concurrent ML, Control Program for Microcomputers, CUPID, Cystostomy ♦ data swapping, deliberate breaching, Dental Polishing, DLG OPTIONAL FORMAT ♦ Emissions Trading, Evolution, Planetary ♦ Fagot Votes, Female, Free Software Foundation ♦ Gap formation, generative computer graphics ♦ hasty breaching, Hebrew, Huygens wavelets, hydraulic dredge, Hymn Tunes ♦ Idealists, incubator centre, integrity constraint, Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol ♦ Java Message Service, Juristic Act ♦ lexicographer, life-cycle management system, Lord of Creation. Man, lyophilisate ♦ MacBinary, managed workspace, Medical Record Linkage, MIGRAINES, multidimensional transformation, Multiple Master, Muspelheim, Mystery ♦ National Drought Policy Commission, National Technical Information Service, non-profit, notary seal, Nuprl ♦ oikeus tietoon, Orosius, Orthodontic Appliance Design, Out, owner of a network connection ♦ periodic save, picture synthesis, PMIS, portacaval, postcaval shunt, PRE, Pre-, priority scheduling, Project Guardian, prototyping ♦ rapid prototyping, Red Brick Intelligent SQL, redocumentation, refolding, Religion, Replica Techniques ♦ satyr, session layer, Shower, spin-out, SQR ♦ temporary save, Text Processing Utility, Trite Expressions ♦ United States Trade And Development Agency ♦ Ve, Ventriculostomy ♦ White Ladies, Woman ♦ Zany. (references)
Etymologies containing "creation": Decreation. (references)

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Modern Usage: Creation

DomainUsage

Screenplays

We were the lords of all creation. As for Andy - he spent that break hunkered in the shade, a strange little smile on his face, watching us drink his beer (The Shawshank Redemption; writing credit: Frank Darabont)

Blind we are, if creation of this clone army we could not see. (Star Wars: Episode II - Attack of the Clones; writing credit: George Lucas)

I am your creation, Kain (Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver; writing credit: Amy Hennig)

I find it difficult to convince myself that God would have introduced such a foul being into creation without endowing her with some virtues, hmmm (Name der Rose, Der; writing credit: Andrew Birkin; Gérard Brach)

You are the first woman on the first day of creation. You are mother, sister, lover, friend, angel, devil, earth, home (Dolce vita, La; writing credit: Federico Fellini; Ennio Flaiano)

Lyrics

Imagination, life is your creation (Barbie Girl; performing artist: Aqua)

Creation comes when you learn to say no (The Power Of Good-Bye; performing artist: Madonna)

In all of creation ((God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time On You; performing artist: 'N Sync)

Of god's own creation (Wonder; performing artist: Natalie Merchant)

His creation had talent far surpassing the average individual (Mephisto and Kevin; performing artist: Primus)

Movie/TV Titles

The Creation of the Humanoids (1962)

Pride of Creation Grand Canyon (1944)

Creation (1931)

Photo-Drama of Creation (1914)

Artistic Creation (1901)

Song Titles

Painter Man (performing artist: The Creation)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Creation

DomainTitle

References

  • A.S. Creation Tapeten A.G.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • Zapf Creation AG: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  • The Creation of Health: The Emotional, Psychological, and Spiritual Responses That Promote Health and Healing (reference)

  • The Web of Words: Structural Analyses of the Old English Poems: Vainglory, the Wonder of Creation, the Dream of the Rood, and Judith (reference)

  • Path Between the Seas: the Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870-1914 (reference)

  • On the Line: The Creation of a Chorus Line (reference)

  • Origins: Creation Texts from the Ancient Mediterranean: A Chrestomathy (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  

Theater & Movies

  • Haydn - The Creation / Du Closel, Chambord Sinfonietta (reference)

  • They Came for Good - A History of the Jews in the United States - Present at the Creation, 1654-1820 (reference)

  • The Beginner's Bible: The Story of Creation (reference)

  • The Creation of the Universe (reference)

    (more DVD examples; more video examples)

  

Music

  

High Tech

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Creation

Photos:
Creation

More pictures...

Illustrations:
Creation

More pictures...

Computer Images:
Creation

More pictures...

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Photo Album: Creation

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

The Greenhill/East Timbalier dredging operation -- bucket dredge scooping material from channel which will be sent by pipe to the marsh creation site. Credit: America's Coastlines.

The septic systems of the homes on the edge of Quivett Creek marsh might have been threatened by the creation of an open channel between the two marsh segments so restoration focused instead on enlarging culverts and removing sections of an access road that restricted water flow into the marsh. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center.

Roy's dam in the construction phase. This image shows the creation of the pools that were designed to facilitate fish passage. The dam still remains but has been breached. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center.

One of the first Conservation Districts is formed after the creation of the Soil Conservation Service. Credit: Unknown.

An historical marker commemorates the creation of the Nation's first farm conservation plan. Credit: Unknown.

North elevation, measured drawing plotted by Bruce A. Harms, 1986; delineated by Marie A. Neubauer, 1986-87. (Reproduction Number: HABS PA-1430, sheet 16 of 45) Central to the founding of the United States of America, Independence Hall is known as the site of events such as the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the ratification of the Articles of Confederation in 1781, and the creation of the United States Constitution in 1787. Independence Hall was built from 1733 to 1756 and first used as the State House of the colony of Pennsylvania. This drawing shows the prominent central tower that identifies Independence Hall as an important public building. Credit: Library of Congress.

[Symbolic creation of the Philosophers' Stone]. Credit: National Library of Medicine.

President's Levee, or all Creation going to the White House / Robert Cruikshank fect. Credit: Library of Congress.

Cosmological scene showing concentric circles depicting creation. Credit: Library of Congress.

Japanese enlistment. These Americans of Japanese ancestry from the village of Aiea, Territory of Hawaii, couldn't wait for official announcement of creation of a combat regiment of Americans of Japanese ancestry. They went to their draft board at Waipahu,. Credit: Library of Congress.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Digital Photo Gallery: Creation
 

"Overpowered by the sky" by Nathan Sudds
Commentary: "Powerlines overhead in a field, north Ajax, Ontario, Canada - scenes like this cause me to be amazed by God's creation :) Hope someone can use it, resolution isn't as good as I would have liked <br> <br>Shot on a Canon S10 digital cam (2.0"

Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

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Familiar Quotations: Creation

AuthorQuotation

Alfonso X

Had I been present at the creation of the world I would have proposed some improvements.

Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe

A creation of importance can only be produced when its author isolates himself, it is a child of solitude.

John Locke

The visible mark of extraordinary wisdom and power appear so plainly in all the works of creation.

Josiah Gilbert Holland

''Work and wait'', ''work and wait'' is what God says to us in creation.

Marquis De Sade

Destruction, hence, like creation, is one of Nature's mandates.

Meister Eckhart

If God gave the soul his whole creation she would not be filled thereby but only with himself.

Oliver Goldsmith

A modest woman, dressed out in all her finery, is the most tremendous object of the whole creation.

Pierre Teilhard de Chardin

Our duty as men is to proceed as if limits to our ability did not exist. We are collaborators in creation.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

The creation of a thousand forest in one acorn.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Historic Usage: Creation

AuthorDateQuotation

Treaty of Versailles

1919

Convention of June 7, 1905, regarding the creation of an International Agricultural Institute at Rome. (reference)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Use in Literature: Creation

TitleAuthorQuote

Les Miserables

Hugo, Victor

Creation is bankrupt

Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

Joyce, James

The object of the artist is the creation of the beautiful

Walden

Thoreau, Henry David

None of the brute creation requires more than Food and Shelter

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Creation

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

Early creation of an A-V fistula is preferable to placement of a synthetic graft for vascular access. (references)

Caused by a genetically unique zoonotic (that is, animal-borne) RNA virus of the filovirus family, its recognition led to the creation of this virus family. (references)

Business

One such example is the creation and maintenance of parallel corporate telephone networks. (references)

The CCP retains a tight rein on political decisionmaking and forbids the creation of new political parties. (references)

Competition in the cellular telephone industry also increased with the creation of COSMOTE, an OTE subsidiary. (references)

Children

Brazil

A 1991 statute called for the creation of municipal commissions for children's rights; however, a Justice Ministry study released during the year found that only slightly over half of municipalities studied had created these commissions. (references)

Civil Liberties

Colombia

Later in the same month, about 20,000 persons blocked major highways in Magdalena Medio in an attempt to stop the creation of the zone. (references)

Azerbaijan

A 2000 presidential decree laid the groundwork for creation of a refugee status determination procedure, but this had not occurred by year's end. (references)

Economic History

Italy

A rigid labor market serves as a disincentive to job creation. (references)

France

The pan-European stock market is still in the creation process. (references)

France

The date of creation begins when the envelope is received by the INPI. (references)

Human Rights

El Salvador

Pro-Busqueda planned to push the legislative assembly again for the creation of a national commission. (references)

Vietnam

The economic and administrative courts have addressed few cases since their creation in 1994 and 1995, respectively. (references)

Hungary

In 1995 the Parliament established the creation of separate Ombudsmen for human rights, data protection, and minority affairs. (references)

Indigenous People

Russia

A 1999 law on indigenous ethnic communities, provides for their support, permits the creation of self-governing bodies, and permits them to seek compensation if economic development threatens their lands. (references)

Indonesia

Moreover, the creation of an armed "Red and White Task Force" (Satgas Merah Putih) in Papua, reportedly at the instigation of the army, has raised concerns that certain elements of the national security forces may be seeking to create an armed Papuan paramilitary force, modeled on East Timorese militias, to oppose Papuan independence efforts, and to oppose specifically, the Satgas Papua groups, the vast majority of which were considered proindependence, and which were disbanded in late 2000. The Papua Special Autonomy Law was signed into law in November, but by year's end had not come into effect. (references)

Minorities

Ukraine

Then-Crimean Prime Minister Serhiy Kunitsyn agreed to the right of Tatars returning from Central Asia to own land and the creation of Tatar schools. (references)

Political Economy

Sudan

Despite the creation of CEAWC, reports of abductions and slavery continued during the year. (references)

OMAN

Job creation and "Omanization," i.e., transfer of expatriate jobs to Omanis, are major government priorities. (references)

Colombia

Colombia actively participates in negotiations aimed at creation of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). (references)

Political Rights

Dominican Republic

In January the creation of a new province, San Jose de Ocoa, went into effect. (references)

Burundi

It calls for the creation of an international tribunal to try crimes of genocide. (references)

Congo

After becoming president, Joseph Kabila reengaged the Government in the peace process and the creation of the dialog. (references)

Trade

Syria

A project for the creation of a free zone port in the Tartus area is being planned. (references)

Uae

An agreement has been reached by the various local customs departments for the creation of UAE Customs Council. (references)

India

TDA assists in the creation of jobs for Americans by helping U.S. companies pursue overseas business opportunities. (references)

Women

Guatemala

In May 2000, the Administration announced the creation of a Secretariat for Women's Affairs. (references)

Slovak Republic

The Center deals mainly with claims of unfair treatment of women in the workplace; however, it also focused on mobilization and job creation for women. (references)

Mongolia

Many women occupy midlevel positions in government and the professions, and many are involved in the creation and management of new trading and manufacturing businesses. (references)

Worker Rights

Cameroon

The law does not permit the creation of a union that includes both public and private sector workers. (references)

Mexico

Wages have been lower and job creation has been greater in this sector than in more traditional manufacturing. (references)

India

In addition government programs assist working children in rural development, women and children's development, health, and adult job creation programs. (references)

Lexicography

Devil's Dictionary

SATYR, n. One of the few characters of the Grecian mythology accorded recognition in the Hebrew. (Leviticus, xvii, 7.) The satyr was at first a member of the dissolute community acknowledging a loose allegiance with Dionysius, but underwent many transformations and improvements. Not infrequently he is confounded with the faun, a later and decenter creation of the Romans, who was less like a man and more like a goat.

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Spoken Usage: Creation

SpeakerPhrase(s)

Rush Limbaugh

The nature of our creation is the yearning for unbridled freedom.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Speeches: Creation

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

Andrew Jackson

1829-1837In proportion, therefore, as the General Government encroaches upon the rights of the States, in the same proportion does it impair its own power and detract from its ability to fulfill the purposes of its creation.

Herbert C. Hoover

1929-1933Peace can be promoted by the limitation of arms and by the creation of the instrumentalities for peaceful settlement of controversies.

Gerald Ford

1974-1977We must revise our tax system both to ease the burden of heavy taxation and to encourage the investment necessary for the creation of productive jobs for all Americans who want to work.

Jimmy Carter

1977-1981Many of my initiatives to facilitate the creation and growth of small businesses were made in response to the White House Conference on Small Business, which I convened.

Ronald Reagan

1981-1989Astronomers build a space telescope that can see to the edge of the universe and possibly back to the moment of creation.

George Bush

1989-1993This Administration is determined to encourage the creation of capital, capital of all kinds.

Bill Clinton

1993-2001Government investment led to the creation of the Internet.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Creation

"Creation" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.92% of the time. "Creation" is used about 4,710 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words		Rank in English
Noun (singular)99.92%4,7062,082
Noun (proper)0.04%2245,945
Noun (common)0.04%2245,945
                    Total100.00%4,710N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Usage in Company Names: Creation

CountryName
Germany

A.S. Creation Tapeten A.G.

 (more examples...)

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

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Expressions: Creation

Expressions using "creation": ad in all creation ♦ artistic creation ♦ brute creation ♦ color creation ♦ colour creation ♦ creation date ♦ creation of a trusted relationship ♦ creation of earth ♦ creation of money ♦ creation of the world ♦ creation science ♦ earth creation ♦ job creation ♦ lords of creation ♦ lords of the creation ♦ pair creation ♦ service creation ♦ service creation environment ♦ the brute creation ♦ the creation ♦ verbal creation. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "creation": creation-as-destruction.

Ending with "creation": de-creation, job-creation.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Creation

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day		ExpressionFrequency
per Day

creation

903

the creation of adam

81

web site creation

767

malevolent creation

75

god creation

595

creation site internet

73

creation festival

378

creation de site web

72

personal creation

243

web creation

69

hawaiian island creation

213

glass creation

69

logo creation

180

creation myth

69

2003 creation

160

scentura creation

69

wealth creation

149

creation story

66

banner creation

138

creation property wealth

63

creation science

135

carbon creation

63

creation fest

133

value creation

62

creation vs evolution

131

creation east

58

another bad creation

119

custom creation

56

web page creation

114

concert creation

56

zapf creation

100

st thomas creation

55

music creation

87

evolution creation

52

creation useless

86

cookie creation

51

creation de site

83

the creation

51

institute for creation research

82

creation de site internet

50
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Creation

Language Translations for "creation"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

vepër (act, action, baby, composition, deed, doing, piece, work), krijim (composition, development, establishment, foundation, genesis, institution, making, progeniture), krijesë (baby, being, creature). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

تَكْوِين (forming), ‏تمثيل (mayhem, performance, personification, picture, play, representation, sculpture, sham, torture), ‏تسبيت, ‏تعيين (designation, installation, nomination, specification), ‏خليقة, ‏خلق (create, differentiate, fiber, habit, inspire, make, mood, nil), ‏الكون (being, existence, universe), ‏العالم (know all, omniscience, past master, pundit, savant, scientist, world), ‏إحداث (induction), ‏إبداع (fantasy, ingeniousness, ingenuity, magnum opus, novelty, originality, origination, phantasy), ‏شىء مخلوق. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

сътворяване, сътворение (making), създаване (erection, establishment, genesis, launching, making, origination), свят (earth, holy, ineffable, sacred, sainted, saintly, sanctimonious, spiritual, universe, world), творба (work, workmanship), креация, креатура (creature, minion), модел (example, make, mirror, model, mould, pattern, sample, shape, sitter, style, type), мода (craze, cult, fashion, mode, rage, style, vogue), даване на титла. (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

創作 (creative work, to create, to produce, to write), 建立 (build, construction, establish, set up), 创作 (authoring). (various references)

   

Czech

  

vznik (birth, formation, generation, origin, rise), výtvor (artefact, creature, production), tvorba (output), tvoření (formation, procreation), stvoření (creature, the creation, thing), kreace. (various references)

   

Danish

  

mekanisme for udstedelse af ECU mod deponering af guld og US dollars (mechanism for the creation of ECUs against gold and US dollars), deformationen i et givet tvaersnit i emnet er sjaelden ensartet,derved opstaar indre spaendinger (the deformation within a given section of the produCt is rarely uniform and the result is the creation of internal stresses), EF-aktion med henblik på etablering og udvikling af erhvervsfremme- og innovationscentre samt nettet af sådanne centre (Community measure for the creation and development of business and innovation centres and their network), Fællesskabsaktion med henblik på etablering og udvikling af erhvervsfremme og innovationscentre samt nettet af sådanne centre (Community measure for the creation and development of business and innovation centres and their network), farveoprettelse (color creation, colour creation), fildato (creation date), filoprettelse (file creation), frembringelse af identiske mennesker ved kloning (creation of identical human beings by cloning), Handlingsprogram med henblik på etablering af transeuropæiske infrastrukturnet (Community action programme for the creation of trans-European infrastructure networks), jobskabelse (job creation), kreditskabelse (credit creation), dannelse af handelsrelationer (trade creation), loebetiden er den tid,der gaar fra fordringens opstaaen til det ved udstedelsen fastsatte amortisationstidspunkt (the term of a financial asset is the length of time which elapses between the creation of the asset and the time originally fixed for its redemption), udstykning (agricultural consolidation, allotment, consolidation of fragmented holdings, conveyancing, conveyancing of part of atitle, creation of allotments, division of land, fragmentation of estates, land consolidation, parcellation, parcelling, parcelling of sites, re-allocation of agricultural land holdings, re-allotment of land, regrouping of lands, reparcelation, reparcelling out of small holdings, splitting up of holdings, subdivision, transfer of ownership), netto-jobskabelse (net job creation), opbygning af lager (stock build-up, stock creation), opbygning af reserver (reserve creation), opdeling i parceller (creation of allotments, division of land, parcelling), oprettelse af nye landbrug (creation of new settlements, creation of new settler's holdings), ozondannelse (ozone creation, ozone formation, ozone generation, ozone production), pardannelse (pair creation, pair emission, pair formation, pair production), pengeskabelse (creation of money), planlagt dannelse af zygoter (intentional creation of zygotes), registerdato (creation date), skabelse af forråd (stock build-up, stock creation), kunstnerisk skaben (artistic creation, work of art). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

Communautair actieprogramma voor de totstandbrenging van transeuropese infrastuctuurnetwerken (Community action programme for the creation of trans-European infrastructure networks), Communautaire actie tot oprichting en ontwikkeling van bedrijfsinnovatiecentra en een netwerk daarvan (Community measure for the creation and development of business and innovation centres and their network), Conciliair Proces voor gerechtigheid,vrede en heelheid van de schepping (Conciliatory Process for Justice, Peace and the Integrity of Creation), creatiedatum (creation date), kolonisatiebeleid (creation of new settlements, creation of new settler's holdings), aanmaak van ozon (ozone creation, ozone formation, ozone generation, ozone production), aanvullende werkgelegenheid (job creation, supplementary employment), artistieke schepping (artistic creation, work of art), bestandscreatie (file creation), de vervorming in een en dezelfde doorsnede van een produkt is zelden gelijkmatig;daardoor ontstaan inwendige spanningen (the deformation within a given section of the produCt is rarely uniform and the result is the creation of internal stresses), geldschepping (creation of money), het produceren van identieke menselijke wezens door kloonvorming (creation of identical human beings by cloning), intentionele verwekking van zygoten (intentional creation of zygotes), aanleggen van een voorraad (stock build-up, stock creation), kleursamenstelling (color creation, colour creation), werkgelegenheidsverruiming (job creation), kredietschepping (credit creation), liquiditeitscreatie (liquidity creation), mechanisme voor het scheppen van Ecu's tegen goud en US-dollars (mechanism for the creation of ECUs against gold and US dollars), netto-banengroei (net job creation), netto-groei van de werkgelegenheid (net job creation), netto-schepping van arbeidsplaatsen (net job creation), ozonvorming (ozone creation, ozone formation, ozone generation, ozone production), paarvorming (pair creation, pair emission, pair formation, pair production, pairing, pairing of electrons), scheppen van arbeidsplaatsen (job creation), verkaveling (allotment, creation of allotments, division of land, housing development, housing estate, parcelling, subdivision), verruiming van de werkgelegenheid (job creation), vestiging van een zakelijk recht op de goederen die tot het faillissement behoren (creation of a right in rem over the debtor's property), job creation (job creation). (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

خلقت , ایجاد, افرینش (Nature, Navigate). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

luomus, luominen (warping), luomakunta. (various references)

   

French

  

création (creatively), nomination, fondation. (various references)

   

German

  

Schöpfung (coinage, invention), erzeugung (engenderment, generation, manufacture, manufacturing, procreation, product, production). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

δημιουργία (establishment, generation). (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

יצירה (composition, deed, formation, generation, genesis, making, production). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

teremtés (creature, procreation, saucy bit, the creation, thing), alkotás (coinage, constitution, work), világ (everything swam before my eyes, have the world before one, world), teremtmény (being, creature), mű (selector gear, work, writing), divatkreáció. (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

ciptaan (composition, product), pembinaan (founding). (various references)

   

Italian

  

creazione (brainchild, foundation, making). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

造成 (clearing, reclamation), 開闢 (beginnings, founding), 設定 (establishment), 創造物 (creature), 創造　, 創造 , 創見 (invention, originality), 創出 , 創始 (founding, initiating), 天地創造 , クリーム色 (Christian, Christian Dior, Christian name, Christian Science Monitor, Christiania, Christmas, Christmas cake, Christmas card, Christmas carol, Christmas concert, Christmas Eve, Christmas present, Christmas tree, clean, clean energy, clean float, clean heater, clean hit, clean rice, clean room, clean up, cleanup trio, clear, clear lacquer, clearance, clearance sale, cleaver, click, clinic, clinometer, clip, clipper, clipping, clitoris, cream, create, creative, creative agency, creative group, creativity, creator, creole, cricket, crinoline, critic, critical, criticism, critique, crystal, crystal glass, EDTV, Extended Definition Television, Kripke, Kristiania, vented heater), 制定 (enactment, establishment). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

ぞうせい (clearing, reclamation), そうぞうぶつ (creature), そうぞう (guess, imagination), そうしゅつ (sending), そうけん (establishment, foundation, general research, healthy, invention, observing a performance in a large group, originality, robust, sending the person accused to the prosecutor, shoulders, total research), そうし (books, cadet, copybook, copy-book, fiction, founding, initiating, mutual affection or love, notebook, ruffian, small shrine, Song poetry, storybook, swaggerer, young man in his prime), せってい (establishment), せいてい (arbitration, award, decision, enactment, establishment, narrow place, ruling, well bottom), かいびゃく (beginnings, founding), クリエーション , てんちそうぞう. (various references)

   

Korean 

  

창조 (Creating, Creative). (various references)

   

Manx

  

crooaght, croo (appearance, build, coinage, coining, create, father, form, format, invent, phase of moon, shape). (various references)

   

Norwegian

  

skapelse. (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

eationcray.(various references)

   

Portuguese

  

criação (breeding, chicken, designing, foundation, genesis, making, nurture, origination). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

creare (building, coinage, institution, making, organization), creaţiune, creaţie (achievement), operã (action, deed, making, opera, opera house, work, writing), numire intr-un post, lume (cosmos, earth, existence, folk, humanity, mankind, people, realm, society, universe, world), facere (accomplishment, bearing, birth, childbirth, making). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

создание (creature, establishment, making, mintage). (various references)

   

Scottish

  

cruthachadh. (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

tvorevina (formation), stvaranje (generation, origination, procreation, reproduction). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

creación (endowment, foundation, making, origination, setting up). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

skapelse (creature). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

yaradılış (being, build, constitution, disposition, frame, idiosyncrasy, internal, make up, Mold, mould, temperament), oluşum (formation, genesis, nascency), kreasyon, hilkat (natural form), evren (cosmos, macrocosm, system, the infinite, universe), eser (achievement, baby, consequence, effort, ghost, handiwork, piece, production, vestige, work), buluş (brain child, brainchild, breakthrough, contrivance, detection, discovery, find, finding, innovation, invention, puberty), atama (appointment, assignation, assignment, commission, cooptation, co-optation, designation, installation, installment, instalment, institution, investiture, investment, nomination, placement, posting, preferment), alem (bat, bender, binge, blast, blind, blow out, booze, booze-up, burst up, bust, Buster, carousal, class of beings, condition, entertainment, jollification, junket, kingdom, nature, orgy, party, potation, potations, razzle-dazzle, realm, revel, revelry, riot, rollicking time, spree, state, universe, whoopee, world). (various references)

   

Turkmen 

  

dцretme, dцredijilik. (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

створювання, створення (mintage, origination), твір (composition, publication, work), творіння (work), творення (creature, making), відтворення (picture, playback, reconstitution, reproduction, simulation), втілення (embodiment, evocation, image, incarnation, objectification, objectivation, objectization, personalization, personification, proverb, substantiation), надання звання, будування (construction). (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

sự tạo thành (constitution, formation, origination), sự sáng tác tác phẩm. (various references)

   

Welsh

  

creadigaeth, cread. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Creation

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Greek700 BCE-300 CE

genesis. (various references)

Latin500 BCE-Modern

conditionis, creatio, creatura, creaturae, creaturam, figmentum, plasmatio, plasmationem, procreationem. (various references)

Avestan200-600

... dâman, dâmi, stê, vanghu, zãthaêca. (various references)

Old English450-1100

frumsceaft, ge-sceaft, gesceap, ge-sceap. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Bible Trace: Creation

LanguageDateSourceMark Chapter 10, Verse 6
Greek (transliterated)250 BCSeptuagintApo de archV ktisewV arsen kai qhlu epoihsen autouV o qeoV
Latin405VulgateAb initio autem creaturae masculum et feminam fecit eos Deus
Old English990West Saxon& cwæð. for þan se man for-læt his fæderand his moder. & hine his wife ge-þeot.
Middle English1395WyclifBut fro the bigynnyng of creature God made hem male and female;
Renaissance English1526TyndaleBut at the fyrste creacion God made the man and woman.
Jacobean English1611King JamesBut from the beginning of the creation God made them male and female.
Victorian English1833WebsterBut from the beginning of the creation, God made them male and female.
Basic English1964OgdenBut from the first, male and female made he them.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Matched Bible Translations: Creation

LanguageMark Chapter 10, Verse 6
CebuanoApan sukad sa sinugdan sa kabuhatan, `Ang Dios nagbuhat kanila nga lalaki ug babaye.`
CroatianOd poèetka stvorenja muško i žensko stvori ih.
DanishMen fra Skabningens Begyndelse skabte Gud dem som Mand og Kvinde.
DutchMaar van het begin der schepping heeft ze God man en vrouw gemaakt.
FinnishMutta luomakunnan alusta Jumala `on luonut heidät mieheksi ja naiseksi.
FrenchMais au commencement de la création, Dieu fit l`homme et la femme;
GaelicAch bho thus a chruthachaidh rinn Dia iad firionn is boirionn.
Germanaber von Anfang der Kreatur hat sie Gott geschaffen einen Mann und ein Weib.
Haitian CreoleMen, nan konmansman, lè Bondye t'ap kreye tout bagay, Bondye te fè gason ak fi.
Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari"Tetapi pada permulaannya, pada waktu Allah menciptakan manusia, dikatakan bahwa 'Allah menjadikan mereka laki-laki dan wanita.
Indonesian-Terjemahan LamaAkan tetapi daripada awal kejadian alam, Allah menjadikan mereka itu laki-laki dan perempuan.
Korean창 조 시 로 부 터 저 희 를 남 자 와 여 자 로 만 드 셨 으 니
MaoriI te orokohanganga ia, i hanga raua e te Atua he tane, he wahine.
NorwegianMen fra skapningens begynnelse skapte Gud dem til mann og kvinne.
PortugueseMas desde o princípio da criação, Deus os fez homem e mulher.   
RumanianDar dela knceputul lumii, ,Dumnezeu i -a fqcut parte bqrbqteascq wi parte femeiascq.
ShuarTura Yus Yámankamtaik Ashí najanamia nui, aishmannasha nuwancha najanamiayi.
SwahiliLakini tangu kuumbwa ulimwengu, Mungu aliumba mwanamume na mwanamke.
SwedishMen redan vid världens begynnelse 'gjorde Gud dem till man och kvinna'.
UmaAga ngkai lomo' kajadi' dunia', nto'u Alata'ala mpajadi' manusia', napajadi' -ra hadua tomane pai' hadua tobine.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Creation

Derivations

Words beginning with "creation": creationism, creationisms, creationist, creationists, creations. (additional references)

Words ending with "creation": miscreation, procreation, recreation. (additional references)

Words containing "creation": miscreations, procreations, recreational, recreationist, recreationists, recreations. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Creation" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: carafino, ceation, Ceratodon, corsation, createn, creatidon, creatina, creatine, creatinin, creatio, creaton, crestian, cretation, cretino, Crotamiton, Kritikon, reation, Screaton. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Creation"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "creation" (pronounced krēā"shun)
7k r ē ā" sh u nmiscreation, procreation, recreation.
6-r ē ā" sh u nappropriation, expatriation, expropriation, misappropriation, repatriation, variation.
5-ē ā" sh u nabbreviation, affiliation, alleviation, appreciation, association, aviation, conciliation, delineation, denunciation, depreciation, deviation, differentiation, dissociation, exfoliation, foliation, glaciation, humiliation, initiation, irradiation, mediation, negotiation, nucleation, pronunciation, radiation, reconciliation, remediation, renegotiation, renunciation, repudiation, retaliation, substantiation.
4-ā" sh u nfacilitation, falsification, fascination, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, abdication, aberration, abomination, accreditation, accumulation, accusation, acidification, activation, adaptation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affectation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, approbation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communication, communization, compensation, compilation, complication, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, cremation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, dictation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, disqualification, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, distillation, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentrification, germination, gestation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, medication, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, misidentification, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, population, precipitation, predestination, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recertification, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remuneration, renationalization, renomination, renovation, reorganization, reparation, replication, representation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, saturation, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, suburbanization, suffocation, summation, superstation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, vegetation, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization.
3-sh u nfaction, fashion, fiction, fission, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, abduction, abolition, abortion, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Creation

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Direct Anagrams: anoretic, reaction.

Words within the letters "a-c-e-i-n-o-r-t"

-1 letter: aconite, carotin, ceratin, certain, cointer, creatin, enactor, erotica, noticer, tacrine.

-2 letters: acetin, action, aeonic, aortic, aroint, atoner, atonic, canter, cantor, carnet, carnie, carton, cation, centai, centra, citron, coater, coiner, contra, cornea, cornet, cortin, craton, cretin, enatic, erotic, nectar, noetic, norite, notice, octane, orcein, orient, ornate, ratine, ration, recant, recoin, retain, retina, tanrec.

 Words containing the letters "a-c-e-i-n-o-r-t"
 

+1 letter: accretion, anchorite, anorectic, anoretics, antechoir, carnotite, container, creations, cremation, crenation, fornicate, manticore, narcotize, reactions, redaction.

 

+2 letters: abreaction, accretions, achondrite, aeronautic, anchorites, anorectics, antechoirs, antierotic, antiheroic, auctioneer, carnotites, carotenoid, chlorinate, citronella, cocreating, concertina, containers, contraries, coordinate, corelating, cremations, crenations, decorating, decoration, detraction, enunciator, eructation, execration, extraction, fornicated, fornicates, fractioned, iatrogenic, importance, interlocal, interocean, laceration, lectionary, maceration, manometric, manticores, narcotized, narcotizes, octonaries, overacting, overaction, pratincole, precaution, recitation, recreation, redactions, refraction, relocating, relocation, retraction, revocation, trajection, ulceration, vacationer, vociferant.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern 		5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Slideshow
7. Images: Photo Album
8. Images: Digital Art 		9. Quotations: Familiar
10. Quotations: Historic
11. Quotations: Fiction
12. Quotations: Non-fiction 		13. Quotations: Spoken
14. Quotations: Speeches
15. Usage Frequency
16. Names: Company Usage 		17. Expressions
18. Expressions: Internet
19. Translations: Modern
20. Translations: Ancient 		21. Bible Trace
22. Derivations
23. Rhymes
24. Anagrams 		25. Bibliography


  

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