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Definition: Covering |
CoveringAdjective1. Above or covering a wide area; "the covering darkness"; "shadow of the overhanging crag"; "the dark overspreading clouds". 2. Actively protective; "provided covering fire for the platoon that was moving up". Noun1. A natural object that covers or envelops; "the fox was flushed from its cover". 2. An artifact that cover something else (usually to protect or shelter or conceal it). 3. The act of concealing the existence of something by obstructing the view of it; "the cover concealed their guns from enemy aircraft". 4. The act of protecting something by covering it. 5. The work of applying something; "the doctor prescribed a topical application of iodine"; "a complete bleach requires several applications"; "the surface was ready for a coating of paint";. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "covering" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1050. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Description of goods and services relating to a transaction. Source: European Union. (references) |
Environment | Spreading of a layer of other material on the top of the masses of waste in order to reduce undesired influence on the environment; cf. primary covering, final covering, covering material. Source: European Union. (references) |
Math | Given a finite collection of subsets of a finite ground set, to find an optimal subcollection whose union covers the ground set. (references) |
Mechanical Engineering | Any cover used to protect or embellish a portion of a machine. It is either fixed(e. g. over a lattice-frame construction)or removable, or composed of movable parts. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A cover version of a pop song is a rerecording of that song by a different artist (compare with remake).From early in the 20th century it was common practice among phonograph record labels that if any company had a record that was a significant commercial success, other record companies would have singers or musicians "cover" the tune by recording a version for their own label in hopes of cashing in on the tune's success.
In the early days of rock and roll, many songs originally recorded by African American rock musicians were rerecorded by white artists, such as Pat Boone, in a more toned down style that lacked the hard edge of rock and roll. These cover versions were considered by some to be more palatable to parents, and white artists were more palatable to programmers at white radio stations.
Over the years, cover versions of many popular songs have been recorded, sometimes with a radically different style, and in other cases the cover version is virtually indistinguishable from the original. For example, Jose Feliciano's version of "Light My Fire" was utterly distinct from the original version by The Doors; but Carl Carlton's 1974 cover of Robert Knight's 1967 hit single song "Everlasting Love" sounds almost identical to the original. Cover versions can also be in different languages; for example, Falco's 1982 German-language hit "Der Kommissar" was covered in English by After the Fire later in the decade, although the German title was retained. The English version, which was not a direct translation of Falco's original but retained much of its spirit, reached the Top 5 on the US charts.
The subgenre of the cover version that existed from the early 1950's to the late 1970's in Louisiana was known as Swamp Pop. Contemporary and classic rock, R&B, and country songs were re-recorded with Cajun preferences in mind. Some lyrics were translated to French, and some were recorded with traditional Cajun instrumentation. Several Swamp Pop originals charted nationally, but it was mostly a regional niche market.
Punk music is known for deconstructing classic rock or pop songs by reinterpreting them in punk form. Bands like Me First & the Gimme Gimmes, The Mighty Mighty Bosstones, NOFX and Goldfinger are especially known for doing so. In recent years, several jam bands and related groups have begun covering hip hop songs, most frequently only live in concert. Perhaps the most famous such-cover recorded in a studio and released commercially is a bluegrass version of "Gin and Juice" by Snoop Doggy Dogg, as performed by the Gourds. Other artists like Phish and Keller Williams have covered "Rappers Delight" (The Sugarhill Gang), "I Like Big Butts" (Sir Mix-A-Lot) and other hip hop songs.
The Beatles have been covered more than any other band; "Yesterday" has been covered over three thousand times since its original release in 1965. Other songs which have been released many times as cover versions include the infamous "Louie Louie" by Richard Berry, "Free Bird" (Lynyrd Skynyrd), "No Woman No Cry" (Bob Marley & the Wailers) and many of the less recent works of Bob Dylan and Leonard Cohen (as of December 31, 2002, there were at least 759 published cover versions of Cohen songs [1]).
Many popular bands have a tribute album, consisting entirely of covers of their songs performed by various other bands, often quite different from the original. The soundtrack to the film I Am Sam was a particularly popular example of this; it consisted of Beatles songs redone by various modern artists.
Jam bands such as Phish and The Grateful Dead are known for playing covers in concert, generally, and not on studio albums.
Some examples of commercially successful or otherwise notable cover versions are:
Song Original Artist, link to year in music Cover Artist, link to year in music "Across the Universe" The Beatles, 1970 Fiona Apple, 1998 (from Pleasantville) "After Midnight" J.J. Cale, 1965 Eric Clapton, 1970
Eric Clapton, 1988 (remake)"Ain't That a Shame" Fats Domino, 1955 Pat Boone, 1955 "Ain't Too Proud to Beg" The Temptations, 1966 The Rolling Stones, 1974 "Alison" Elvis Costello, 1977 Linda Ronstadt, 1978 "All Along The Watchtower" Bob Dylan, 1968 Jimi Hendrix, 1968 "Almost Cut My Hair" Crosby, Stills & Nash, 1970 The Dayglo Abortions, 1998 "American Pie" Don McLean, 1971 Madonna, 2000 "American Woman" The Guess Who, 1970 Lenny Kravitz, 2000 "Angel in the Morning" Merrilee Rush, 1968 Juice Newton, 1981 "Back in the USA" Chuck Berry, 1959 Linda Ronstadt, 1978 "Because the Night" Patti Smith, 1978 (cowritten with Bruce Springsteen) 10,000 Maniacs, 1994 "Black Magic Woman" Fleetwood Mac, 1969 Santana, 1970 "Blinded by the Light" Bruce Springsteen, 1973 Manfred Mann, 1976 "Blue Bayou" Roy Orbison, 1963 Linda Ronstadt, 1977 "Blue Monday" New Order, 1983 Orgy, 1998 "Blue Suede Shoes" Carl Perkins, 1955 Elvis Presley, 1956 "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy" The Andrews Sisters, 1941 Bette Midler, 1972 "Boy From New York City" Ad Libs, 1965 Manhattan Transfer, 1981 "Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft" Klaatu, 1976 The Carpenters, 1977 "Come Together" The Beatles, 1969 Aerosmith, 1978 "Da Doo Run Run" The Crystals 1963 Shaun Cassidy 1977 "Dancing in the Street" Martha & the Vandellas, 1964 Van Halen, 1982 "Daydream Believer" The Monkees, 1968 Anne Murray, 1978
Shonen Knife, 1998"Downtown Train" Tom Waits, 1985 Rod Stewart, 1989 "Everlasting Love" Robert Knight, 1967 Carl Carlton, 1974 "Everything I Own" Bread, 1972 Ken Boothe, 1974
Boy George, 1987"Feelin' Alright" Traffic, 1968 Joe Cocker, 1969 "Get Ready" The Temptations, 1966 Rare Earth, 1970 "Gin and Juice" Snoop Doggy Dogg, 1993 The Gourds, 1998 "Gloria" Them (with Van Morrison), 1965 Shadows of Knight, 1966 "A Hard Day's Night" The Beatles, 1964 Goldie Hawn, 1998 "A Hazy Shade Of Winter" Simon and Garfunkel, 1966 The Bangles, 1987 "Heat Wave" Martha & the Vandellas, 1963 Linda Ronstadt, 1975 "Helter Skelter" The Beatles, 1968 U2, 1989 "Hey Baby" Bruce Channel, 1962 DJ Ötzi, 2000 "Hurt" Nine Inch Nails, 1994 Johnny Cash, 2002 "I Don't Like Mondays" The Boomtown Rats, 1982 Tori Amos, 2001 "I Fought the Law" Bobby Fuller Four, 1966 The Clash, 1979 "I Got Rhythm" George Gershwin Broadway musical Girl Crazy, 1930 The Happenings, 1967 "I Got You Babe" Sonny & Cher, 1967 Cher with Beavis and Butthead, 1993 "I Hear You Knocking" Smiley Lewis, 1961 Dave Edmunds, 1971 "I Heard It Through The Grapevine" Gladys Knight & the Pips, 1967 Marvin Gaye, 1968
Creedence Clearwater Revival, 1970"I Just Don't Know What to Do With Myself" Dusty Springfield, 1964 Elvis Costello, 1978 "I Put a Spell on You" Screaming Jay Hawkins, 1957 Creedence Clearwater Revival, 1968
Marilyn Manson, 1995"I Shot the Sheriff" Bob Marley & the Wailers, 1973 Eric Clapton, 1974 "If" David Gates, 1971 Telly Savalas, 1975 "I'm a Believer" Neil Diamond, 1966 The Monkees, 1966
Smashmouth, 2001"I'm a Man" Spencer Davis Group, 1967 Chicago, 1970 "In the Midnight Hour" Wilson Pickett, 1965 The Rascals, 1967 "It Ain't Me Babe" Bob Dylan, 1964 The Turtles, 1965 "Jealous Guy" John Lennon, 1971 Roxy Music, 1981 "Killing Me Softly With His Song" Roberta Flack, 1973 The Fugees, 1996 "Knocking on Heaven's Door" Bob Dylan, 1973 Guns N' Roses, 1991 "Last Kiss" J. Frank Wilson, 1964 Pearl Jam, 1981 "The Letter" The Boxtops, 1967 Joe Cocker, 1970 "Light My Fire" The Doors, 1967 Jose Feliciano, 1968 "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" The Tokens, 1961 Robert John, 1971
Tight Fit, 1982"Live and Let Die" Paul McCartney, 1976 Guns N' Roses, 1991 "The Locomotion" Little Eva, 1962 Grand Funk, 1974 "Love is All Around" The Troggs, 1967 Wet Wet Wet, 1994 "Love is Strange" Ian and Sylvia, 1958 Peaches and Herb, 1967 "Love Potion Number 9" The Clovers, 1959 The Searchers, 1964 "Lover's Cross" Jim Croce, 1972 Melanie, 1974 "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" The Beatles, 1967 William Shatner, 1968
Elton John, 1974"MacArthur Park" Richard Harris, 1968 Donna Summer, 1978 "The Man Who Sold The World" David Bowie, 1970 Nirvana, 1994 "Mr. Tambourine Man" Bob Dylan, 1965 The Byrds, 1965 "My Way" Frank Sinatra, 1969 Sid Vicious, 1978 "No Woman, No Cry" Bob Marley & the Wailers, 1974 Gilberto Gil, 1980 "Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da" The Beatles, 1968 The Marmalade, 1968 "Only You" Yazoo, 1982 Flying Pickets, 1983 "Pinball Wizard" The Who, 1969 The New Seekers, 1973
Elton John, 1976"Proud Mary" Creedence Clearwater Revival, 1969 Ike and Tina Turner, 1971 "Rock and Roll Music" Chuck Berry, 1957 The Beatles, 1964
The Beach Boys, 1975"Roll Over Beethoven" Chuck Berry, 1956 The Beatles, 1963
Electric Light Orchestra, 1973"Ruby Tuesday" The Rolling Stones, 1967 Melanie, 1972 "Shameless" Billy Joel, 1989 Garth Brooks, 1991 "She Came in through the Bathroom Window" The Beatles, 1969 Joe Cocker, 1969 "Somethin' Stupid" Frank & Nancy Sinatra, 1967 Robbie Williams & Nicole Kidman, 2001 "Something in the Air" Thunderclap Newman, 1969 Fish, 1991 "Spanish Harlem" Ben E. King, 1961 Aretha Franklin, 1971 "Stay" Maurice Williams & the Zodiacs, 1960 Jackson Browne, 1977 "Stop Your Sobbing" The Kinks, 1964 The Pretenders, 1979 "Summertime" George Gershwin, from the opera Porgy and Bess, 1934 The Shake Spears, 1966
Janis Joplin, 1967
[1]"Summertime Blues" Eddie Cochran, 1958 The Who, 1967
Blue Cheer, 1968"Suzie Q" Dale Hawkins, 1957 Creedence Clearwater Revival, 1968 "Suspicion" Elvis Presley, 1962 Terry Stafford, 1964 "Sweet Jane" Velvet Underground, 1970 Cowboy Junkies, 1988 "Sympathy for the Devil" Rolling Stones, 1968 Jane's Addiction, 1987 "Take Me To The River" Al Green, 1974 Talking Heads, 1978 "That'll Be The Day" Buddy Holly, 1957 Linda Ronstadt, 1976 "There She Goes" The La's, 1989 Sixpence None The Richer, 1999 "This Magic Moment" The Drifters, 1960 Jay and the Americans, 1969 "Time" Tom Waits, 1967 Rod Stewart, 1970 "Top of the World" The Carpenters, 1972 Shonen Knife, 1994 "The Tracks of My Tears" Smokey Robinson & the Miracles, 1965 Johnny Rivers, 1967
Linda Ronstadt, 1976"Twist and Shout" The Isley Brothers, 1962 The Beatles, 1963 (rereleased 1986) "Venus" Shocking Blue, 1969 Bananarama, 1986 "Walk on By" Dionne Warwick, 1964 Isaac Hayes, 1969 "Walk This Way" Aerosmith, 1975 Run DMC, 1986 "We Can Work It Out" The Beatles, 1966 Stevie Wonder, 1971 "Wild Night" Van Morrison, 1971 John Cougar Mellencamp & Me'Shell NdegeOcello, 1994 "Wild World" Cat Stevens, 1970 Jimmy Cliff, 1970 "With a Little Help from My Friends" The Beatles, 1967 Joe Cocker, 1969 "Without You" Badfinger, 1970 Harry Nilsson, 1971 "Woodstock" Joni Mitchell, 1970 Crosby, Stills, and Nash, 1970 "You Keep Me Hanging On" The Supremes, 1966 Vanilla Fudge, 1968 "You Really Got Me" The Kinks, 1965 Brian Eno et al 1974, Van Halen, 1978 "You've Got a Friend" Carole King, 1971 James Taylor, 1971 [1] Artists that have released albums consisting entirely of cover songs include:
An album consisting entirely of covers of the same artist is called a tribute album. Notable tribute albums include:
- The Afghan Whigs - Uptown Avondale (EP, 1992)
- Tori Amos - Strange Little Girls (2001)
- Big Country - Undercover (2001)
- Pat Boone - In a Metal Mood: No More Mr. Nice Guy (1997)
- David Bowie - Pin-Ups (1973)
- Elvis Costello - Almost Blue (1981)
- Elvis Costello - Kojak Variety (1995)
- Duran Duran - Thank You (1995)
- Erasure - Other People's Songs (2003)
- Guana Batz - Undercover (1999)
- Joe Jackson - Jumpin' Jive (1981)
- Cyndi Lauper - At Last (2003)
- John Mellencamp - Trouble No More (2003)
- Metallica - Garage Inc
- Rage Against the Machine - Renegades (2000)
- Trixter - UnderCovers (1994)
- Dwight Yoakam - Under the Covers (1997)
- Yo La Tengo - Fakebook
Artists such as Weird Al Yankovic produce parodies of popular songs, lampooning the originals by changing aspects of it, from lyrics to instrumentation. See Dr. Demento
- Almost You: The Songs of Elvis Costello
- Stairways to Heaven (22 covers of Led Zeppelin's "Stairway to Heaven"}
- Tales of Wonder - Nnenna Freelon (covers of Stevie Wonder songs)
- Labour of Love: The Music of Nick Lowe
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Cover version."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In mathematics, specifically topology, a covering map is a continuous surjective map p : C → X, with C and X being topological spaces, which has the following property:A covering map is also simply called a cover; we say C is a covering space of X or C covers X. For each x∈X, the set p -1(x'\') is called the fiber over x; the sets Si are called the sheets over U. One generally pictures C as "hovering above" X, with p mapping "downwards", the sheets over U being horizontally stacked above each other and above U, and the fiber over x consisting of those points of C that lie "vertically above" x''.
- to every x∈X there exists an open neighborhood U such that p -1(U) is a union of mutually disjoint open sets Si (where i ranges over some index set I) such that p restricted to Si yields a homeomorphism from Si to U for every i∈I.
Examples
Consider the unit circle S1 in R2. Then the map p : R → S1 with p(t) = (cos(t),sin(t)) is a cover.
Consider the complex plane with the origin removed, denoted by C×, and pick a non-zero integer n. Then p : C× → C× given by p(z) = zn is a cover. Here every fiber has n elements.
If G is group (considered as a discrete topological group), then every principal G-bundle is a covering map. Here every fiber can be identified with G.
Elementary properties
Every cover p : C → X is a local homeomorphism (i.e. to every c∈C there exists an open set A in C containing c and an open set B in X such that the restriction of p to A yields a homeomorphism between A and B). This implies that C and X share all local properties.
For every x∈X, the fiber over x is a discrete subset of C. On every connected component of X, the cardinality of the fibers is the same (possibly infinite). If every fiber has 2 elements, we speak of a double cover.
The lifting property: if p : C → X is a cover and γ is a path in X (i.e. a continuous map from the unit interval [0,1] into X) and c∈C is a point "lying over" γ(0) (i.e. p(c) = γ(0)), then there exists a unique path ρ in C lying over γ (i.e. p o ρ = γ) and with ρ(0) = c.
If x and y are two points in X connected by a path, then that path furnishes a bijection between the fiber over x and the fiber over y via the lifting property.
Universal covers
A cover q : D → X is a universal cover iff D is simply connected. The name comes from the following important property: if p : C → X is any cover of X with C connected, then there exists a covering map f : D → C such that p o f = q. This can be phrased as "The universal cover of X covers all connected covers of X."
The map f is unique in the following sense: if we fix x∈X and d∈D with q(d) = x and c∈C with p(c) = x, then there exists a unique covering map f : D → C such that p o f = q and f(d) = c.
If X has a universal cover, then that universal cover is essentially unique: if q1 : D1 → X and q2 : D2 → X are two universal covers of X, then there exists a homeomorphism f : D1 → D2 such that q2 o f = q1.
The space X has a universal cover if and only if it is path-connected, locally path-connected and semi-locally simply connected. The universal cover of X can be constructed as a certain space of paths in X.
The example R → S1 given above is a universal cover. The map S3 → SO(3) from unit quaternions to rotations of 3D space described in quaternions and spatial rotation is also a universal cover.
If the space X carries some additional structure, then its universal cover normally inherits that structure:
- if X is a manifold, then so is its universal cover C
- if X is a Riemann surface, then so is its universal cover C, and p is a holomorphic map
- if X is a Lie group (as in the two examples above), then so is its universal cover C, and p is a homomorphism of Lie groups.
Deck transformation group, regular covers
A deck transformation or automorphism of a cover p : C → X is a homeomorphism f : C → C such that p o f = p. The set of all deck transformations of p forms a group under composition, the deck transformation group Aut(p).
Every deck transformation permutes the elements of each fiber. This defines a group action of the deck transformation group on each fiber.
Now suppose p : C → X is a covering map and C (and therefore also X) is connected and locally path connected. The action of Aut(p) on each fiber is free. If this action is transitive on some fiber, then it is transitive on all fibers, and we call the cover regular. Every such regular cover is a principal G-bundle, where G = Aut(p) is considered as a discrete topological group.
Every universal cover p : D → X is regular, with deck transformation group being isomorphic to the opposite of the fundamental group π(X).
The example p : C× → C× with p(z) = zn from above is a regular cover. The deck transformations are multiplications with n-th roots of unity and the deck transformation group is therefore isomorphic to the cyclic group Cn.
Monodromy action
Again suppose p : C → X is a covering map and C (and therefore also X) is connected and locally path connected. If x∈X and c belongs to the fiber over x (i.e. p(c) = x), and γ:[0,1]→X is a path with γ(0)=γ(1)=x, then this path lifts to a unique path in C with starting point c. The end point of this lifted path need not be c, but it must lie in the fiber over x. It turns out that this end point only depends on the class of γ in the fundamental group π(X,x), and in this fashion we obtain a right group action of π(X,x) on the fiber over x. This is known as the monodromy action.
So there are two actions on the fiber over x: Aut(p) acts on the left and π(X,x) acts on the right. These two actions are compatible in the following sense:
for all f∈Aut(p), c∈p -1(x) and γ∈π(X,x).
- f.(c.γ) = (f.c).γ
If p is a universal cover, then the monodromy action is regular; if we identify Aut(p) with the opposite group of π(X,x), then the monodromy action coincides with the action of Aut(p) on the fiber over x.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Covering map."
Synonyms: CoveringSynonyms: overhanging (adj), overspreading (adj), shielding (adj), application (n), coating (n), cover (n), masking (n), natural covering (n), screening (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Clothing | Noun: clothing, investment; covering; dress, raiment, drapery, costume, attire, guise, toilet, toilette, trim; habiliment; vesture, vestment; garment, garb, palliament, apparel, wardrobe, wearing apparel, clothes, things; underclothes. |
Covering | Noun: covering, cover; baldachin, baldachino, baldaquin; canopy, tilt, awning, tent, marquee, tente d'abri, umbrella, parasol, sunshade; veil (shade); shield; (defense). |
Adjective: covering; Verb: superimposed, overlaid, plated; Verb: cutaneous, dermal, cortical, cuticular, tegumentary, skinny, scaly, squamous; covered; Verb: imbricated, loricated, armor plated, ironclad; under cover; cowled, cucullate, dermatoid, encuirassed, hooded, squamiferous, tectiform; vaginate. | |
Layer | Plate; lamina, lamella; sheet, foil; wafer; scale, flake, peel; coat, pellicle; membrane, film; leaf; slice, shive, cut, rasher, shaving, integument; (covering); eschar. |
Lining | Noun: lining, inner coating; coating; (covering);Noun: lining, inner coating; coating; (covering); stalactite, stalagmite. |
Summit | Architrave, frieze, cornice, coping stone, zoophorus, capital, epistyle, sconce, pediment, entablature; tympanum; ceiling; (covering). |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Covering |
| English words defined with "covering": body covering ♦ cloth covering, covering fire ♦ floor covering ♦ leg covering ♦ protective covering. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "covering": Covering of the eyes, Covering the Face ♦ MOLDER, PIPE COVERING ♦ PRINTER, FLOOR COVERING, ASSISTANT ♦ roof covering ♦ SUPERVISOR, COVERING AND LINING. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "covering": Volva. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | You know, when we were on that plane, I was fascinated by the way the shadow followed us. That silly shadow! Racing along over mountains and valleys, covering ten times the distance of the plane, and yet always there to greet us with outstretched arms when we landed (Lost Horizon; writing credit: James Hilton; Robert Riskin) Thanks for covering. (Futurama; writing credit: Lance Smith; Carl Colpaert) I heard your end would be covering my fee. (The Wire; writing credit: Paulinne Arpi; Povl Erik Carstensen) | |
Lyrics | Till you spend half your life just covering up (BORN IN THE U.S.A.; performing artist: Bruce Springsteen) December clouds are now covering me (December; performing artist: Collective Soul) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | A laminar airflow unit is a protective covering for people with suppressed immune systems. In this germ-free environment the air flows out one way and the germs cannot re-enter the system. Shown are a nurse and a child inside the protective unit. The nurse is reading to the child. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |  | Generic laboratory shot circa 1950 showing researchers garbed with full mask and head covering and laboratory equipment. Credit: Roy Perry (photographer). |
 | Poison hairs covering this caterpillar can inflict a painful sting. Credit: CDC. |  | The Lambert Glacier in Antarctica is the world's largest glacier. The focal point of this image is an icefall that feeds into the glacier from the vast ice sheet covering the polar plateau. Ice flows like water, albeit much more slowly. Cracks can be seen in this icefall as it bends and twists on its slow-motion descent 1300 feet (400 meters) to the glacier below. Credit: NASA. |
 | Seagrass extending offshore from mangrove shoreline Red algae covering seagrass is particularly important as chemical cue for larval settlement of spiny lobster post-larvae. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Ice at old steamboat landing and covering the river at Holland Cliffs Shores. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | Figure 48. A sea bottom dredge designed by Jacques Picard in 1961 at the Marseille Marine Station and first used in the Bay of Marseille. This was meant to sample the fauna living in the sediments covering the seafloor. This instrument is similar to a box dredge or deep sea anchor dredge. It was first tested in 1961 in the Bay of Marseille. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |  | Figure 49. An Ekman bottom sampler for use in zoological sampling operations. This instrument was capable of acquiring a sample from a surface area covering 500 sq cm. This device was designed by Dr. Sven Ekman of Jonkoping, Sweden in 1910. This sampler was spring-loaded and snapped shut to acquire mud and silt. Although tested in a lake, it was equally useful in the sea. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
 | Natural sandbar covering coral rubble on lagoon side. Credit: Small World. |  | A female Catolaccus grandis wasp homes in on a boll weevil larva. This 3/8 inch parasitic wasp, a native of Mexico, inserts her ovipositor through the plastic film covering the individual rearing cell and immobilizes the larva. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Scott Bauer.. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
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| "Floor covering rolls" by Matt Williams Commentary: "Some rolls of lino, modern and traditional. Somebody asked for floor coverings a while back." | "Blue covering" by Bjarte Kvinge Tvedt Commentary: "Blue covering." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | To be delivered forthwith a covering undertaking in writing to issue when, but not until, the Commission is satisfied that Germany can meet such interest and sinking fund obligations, a further installment of 40,000,000,000 Marks gold 5 per cent. bearer bonds, the time and mode of payment of principal and interest to be determined by the Commission. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | In Paris, at least, nobody knows you, and that obscurity is a covering. |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | The water would rise inch by inch, covering the grass and shrubs, covering the trees and houses, covering the monuments and the mountain tops |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | Muley pulled at the covering brush and crawled into his cave |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | Here I got some straw, and covering myself with my own clothes, slept very sound |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | In our climate, in the summer, it was formerly almost solely a covering at night |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | The myelin insulating covering of axons gives the whitish appearance. (references) | |
Avoid speaking while chewing food or covering your mouth with your hands. (references) | ||
NF2 patients may also develop tumors within the spinal cord and on the brain’s thin covering. (references) | ||
Business | FICAP’s members are small cable operators covering rural areas. (references) | |
For medium commercial vehicles loading capacity is calculated for sheet covering. (references) | ||
All major agents and dealers have extensive sales and service networks covering the entire country. (references) | ||
Children | Dominican Republic | The Oversight Organization for the Protection of Children, created by the executive branch, is the primary government institution covering issues of child welfare. (references) |
United Kingdom | Various laws covering England and Wales stipulate that children have the right to apply for court orders, to give or withhold consent for medical treatment (for those capable of making an informed decision), to make complaints to the relevant local authority, to have their ethnic, linguistic, and religious background considered in decisions affecting them, to have reasonable contact with their families (usually applied in a circumstance where there was abuse), and in general to be consulted regarding their desires. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Morocco | Bekkari was covering a sit-in of unemployed university graduates. (references) |
Economic History | Portugal | There is no legislation covering franchising. (references) |
Morocco | There is also an offshore banking law covering Tangier. (references) | |
Jamaica | Bilaterally, there are also agreements covering IPR protection. (references) | |
Human Rights | Nicaragua | The police reported that they are covering the medical expenses of Flores. (references) |
Venezuela | Casimiro is accused of being responsible for the disappearances and Carreno is accused of covering them up; neither man had been arrested by year's end. (references) | |
Colombia | The Inspector General's office can draw upon a nationwide network of hundreds of government human rights investigators covering the country's 1,097 municipalities. (references) | |
Minorities | Cyprus | The 1975 Vienna III Agreement remains the basic agreement covering the treatment of Greek Cypriots and Maronites living in the north and Turkish Cypriots living in the south. (references) |
Political Economy | Sudan | This, at the least, entailed wearing a head covering. (references) |
PAKISTAN | While Pakistan has enacted IPR laws covering most domains, enforcement remains weak. (references) | |
Trade | Azerbaijan | Temporary entry forms covering laptops must be surrendered on departure. (references) |
Luxembourg | ICAO rules may also require documents covering such shipments (airlines will supply information and forms, if so required). (references) | |
Trinidad | A deposit or bond covering the duty liability of such items to be imported must be posted with customs prior to the item's entry. (references) | |
Travel | Zambia | Medical insurance covering air ambulance evacuation is highly advisable. (references) |
Turkey | Neither do the accepted practices of frequent soapy handwashing or covering of the mouth when coughing or sneezing and then washing hands. (references) | |
Switzerland | If a business representative were to bring a new computer system into Switzerland, he/ she would need to declare it and pay a deposit covering the VAT and applicable customs duty (which would be refundable on leaving the country with the item in question). (references) | |
Women | Cameroon | The lack of a national legal code covering the family leaves women defenseless against male-oriented customs. (references) |
Jordan | The boy repeatedly struck his sister in the head with a club before covering her body in kerosene and setting it on fire. (references) | |
Australia | The latest HREOC report (covering July 1, 2000 to June 30) does not specifically identify complaints of sexual harassment, but combines them with complaints of sex discrimination. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Kazakhstan | Attending NGO's participated in a 1 day training session on professional methods of covering antitrafficking issues. (references) |
Australia | The Office of the Employment Advocate reports that 194,815 AWA's have been filed since March 1997, covering 3,609 employers. (references) | |
France | Over 75 percent of all enterprises, covering more than 75 percent of all employees, have fully functioning health and safety committees. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | MOUSQUETAIRE, n. A long glove covering a part of the arm. Worn in New Jersey. But "mousquetaire" is a might poor way to spell muskeeter. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Daniel Schorr | I did not make a comment. I gulped, I think, and said, now back to you. I couldn't believe it, that I had suddenly become a part of the story I was covering. |
Robert Novak | But Senator, some of your fellow Republicans feel that the White House is covering over, is acting as though it has something to hide. Vice President Cheney not releasing the names and the details of his energy task force. |
Rush Limbaugh | The Democrats have traditionally been pretty good at covering up who they really are. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | Those not wanted for this object must lay in the harbors, where without proper covering they rapidly decay, and even under the best precautions for their preservation must soon become useless. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Medicare must be protected, and it should cover prescription drugs, and we should take the first steps in covering long-term care. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Covering" is generally used as a lexical verb (-ing form) -- approximately 91.76% of the time. "Covering" is used about 2,996 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Lexical Verb (-ing form) | 91.76% | 2,749 | 3,346 |
| Noun (singular) | 8.24% | 247 | 18,964 |
| Total | 100.00% | 2,996 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "covering". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Carcas | N/A | Biblical | The covering of a lamb |
| Etam | N/A | Biblical | Their covering |
| Gog | N/A | Biblical | Covering |
| Guni | N/A | Biblical | A covering |
| Madian | N/A | Biblical | Covering |
| Magog | N/A | Biblical | Covering |
| Media | N/A | Biblical | Covering |
| Midian | N/A | Biblical | Covering |
| Muppim | N/A | Biblical | Covering |
| Secacah | N/A | Biblical | Covering |
| Zuph | N/A | Biblical | Covering |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
Expressions using "covering": bed covering ♦ body covering ♦ ceiling covering ♦ cloth covering ♦ covering disease ♦ covering fire ♦ covering force area ♦ covering forces ♦ covering layer ♦ covering letter ♦ covering material ♦ covering of hair ♦ covering of show ♦ covering of the eyes ♦ covering of the face ♦ covering operation ♦ covering party ♦ covering power ♦ Covering scale ♦ covering security ♦ covering the expenses ♦ covering the face ♦ covering troops ♦ covering up ♦ covering with straw ♦ covering with tents ♦ floor covering ♦ flux covering ♦ general covering forces ♦ ground covering ♦ head covering ♦ lap covering ♦ leg covering ♦ natural covering ♦ protective covering ♦ roof covering ♦ short covering ♦ textile floor covering with pile ♦ wall covering. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "covering": covering-space, covering-up. | |
Ending with "covering": floor-covering, half-covering, re-covering, short-covering. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "covering"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | behangselpapier (hangings, paper, paper-hangings, tapestry, wall, wall covering, wall-paper), behangsel (hangings, paper, paper-hangings, tapestry, wall, wall covering, wall-paper), behang (hangings, paper, paper-hangings, tapestry, wall, wall covering, wall-paper). (various references) | |
Albanian | shtresë (bed, coat, coating, course, estate, flake, floor, horizon, layer, nappe, reach, region, seam, sheet, strata, stratum, streak, tract, wash), shpjegues (declaratory, elucidative, elucidatory, explanatory, explicative, explicatory, exponent, expository, interpretative, parenthetic, parenthetical), mbështjellje (convolution, envelopment, kink, lap, winding), kapak (cap, cover, cowl, hood, lid), ambalazh (package, packaging, wrap). (various references) | |
Arabic | واق (conservative, defensive, preservative, preventative, protective), غلاف (binder, casing, coating, envelope, integument, investment, sheath, tegument, wrap, wrapper, wrapping), غطاء (bed clothes, casement, casing, clothing, coat, coating, cot, cover, cover up, coverlet, envelope, facing, housing, jacket, lid, overlay, robe, roofing, rug, shroud, tarpaulin, tilt, top, vesture, wrapping), حجاب (amulet, blind, cameo, cloth, cover, curtain, phylactery, screen, veil), حجب, حام لموقع, تغطية (concealment, coverage, encasement, perfusion), سقف (ceil, ceiling, overheads, roof, roofing, thatch). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | калъф (casing, cover, dust cover, encasement, sheath, slip, slip-cover), обяснителен (apologetic, apologetical, declaratory, explainable, explanatory, explicative, explicatory, exponent, expositive, expository, interpretative), обвивка (aril, casing, coat, encasement, envelope, envelopment, husk, jacket, mantle, sheath, sheeting, shell, tegument, tunic, wrap, wrappage, wrapping), защитен (protective, safety, vindicatory), покривка (blanket, cloak, cloth, clothing, coat, cover, mantle, spread, tegument, tunic), покривен (integumentary, roofing, tectorial), покривало (cover, envelope, veil, vesture), дъсчен под, дъски (planking). (various references) | |
Chinese | 覆盖物 (Overlay), 衣子 , 包層 (cladding), 套 (case, cover, sheath, to cover). (various references) | |
Czech | clona (diaphragm, film, shade, stop), krytina, kryt (bonnet, casing, housing, shield, top). (various references) | |
Danish | tildækning (dump cover), systembelaegning, skærm (screen), parring (coition, coitus, conjugation, copulation, matching, mating, pairing, service, serving, sexual intercourse, sexual union, tupping), kappe på fængtråd, inseminering (insemination, mating, service, serving, tupping), indpakning (coating, fomentation, newspaper wrapper, pack, packaging, packing, poultice, wrapper, wrapping), elektrodebeklaedning (coating, sheathing of an electrode), dækningsområde (correcting range, footprint, manipulated range), dækning (coverage), dæklag (aperture cover, coating, collector cover, cover, cover plate, cover window, coverings, facing, liner, lining paper, paper liner, superficial epithelium, window), betraek (loose cover), beklaedning (boarding, coating, liner, lining, sheathing of an electrode), bedaekning (mating, service, serving, tupping). (various references) | |
Dutch | couverture (coating), mantel (cloak, mantle, surface), bekleding van de elektrode (coating, sheathing of an electrode), bespringen (leap upon, pounce upon, spring upon), bespringing (mating, service, serving, tupping), blinde vloer (cappings), afdekken (blanket, blocking out, dump cover, masking, matting, opaquing, paint out, painting in, reverse clipping, shielding, spill, spotting, spotting out), dekking (cover), systeembekleding, omhulsel van de slagkoord, ommanteling van de slagkoord, ondervloer (cappings, topping), overdekking (felling, lap, overlap), overtrek (cover, protective cover), sprong (jump, leap), dekken (cover). (various references) | |
Esperanto | tapeto (tapestry, wall covering). (various references) | |
Finnish | peittoalue (footprint), peitto (cover), peittäminen (blinding, dump cover, masking), päällyste (coating, surface, top), päällystäminen (canning, canning process, cladding, cladding process, coating, sheathing), päällinen (case, cover, slip, spread, tick), astutus (service), astuttaminen (mating, service, serving, tupping), astuminen (mating, service, serving, tupping). (various references) | |
French | saillie (corbel), revêtement (coating), couverture (coat, coating, cot, cover, coverage, coverlet). (various references) | |
German | zudeckend (covering up), verkleidung (boarding, casing, disguise, disguising, dressing up, facing, fancy dress, lining, panel, paneling, revetment, sheeting), deckung (congruence, cover, defense, guard, marking, meeting, recovery, security), belag (coating, facing, filling, film, fur, layer, lining, paving, plaque, surface, topping), abdeckung (access cover, cover). (various references) | |
Greek | κάλυμμα (cap, cover, cowling, integument, lid, shroud, wrap, wrapper, wrapping). (various references) | |
Hebrew | משטחה (carpet, rug), מפה (chart, map, napkin, tablecloth), מעטה (coat, mantle, rig, sheath, veil, wrap), מטפחת (kerchief, napkin, scarf, shawl), מסך (curtain, hanging, screen), עטיה (wrapping), חופף (congruent, overlapping), חפיפה (coincidence, overlap, superimposition, superposition), חפיה (lap, overlap), אפוד (ephod, surplice, tunic, vest), כסוי (cover, coverage, covered, facing, wrap), התעטפות (enveloping, wrapping), רפוד (covered, padding, upholstered, upholstery, wadding). (various references) | |
Hungarian | lefedés (cover), fedõ (cover, lid, topper). (various references) | |
Indonesian | pembalutan (handaging), alas (base, coaster, foundation, layer). (various references) | |
Italian | rivestimento (casing, coating, cover, encasement, facing, integument, jacket, lag, lining, skin), monta (arch rise, arrow, camber, height of arch, mating, rise, service, serving, tread, tupping), copertura (casing, cover, cover up, coverage, lid, overlay). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 網羅 (comprehending, comprising, encompassing, including). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | うわおおい (cover), あてもの (guessing), カバーリング , もうら (comprehending, comprising, encompassing, including), えんご (associated word, backing, protection, relief). (various references) | |
Korean | 덮음 (Blanketing, Veiling). (various references) | |
Manx | coodee, brat (apron, cloak, clot, coat, coating, cover, curtain, film, layer, overgrowth, pall, pinafore, sheet, standing crop, wrap). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | overingcay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | revestimento (boarding, case, casing, clothing, encasement, facing, finish, jacket, liner, lining, revetment, sheath, slipover), cobertura (canopy, casing, coating, cover, coverage, coverture, cowling, encasement, envelope, facing, hood, lap, lid, mantle, pillow-sham, roofing, slipover, topping, umbrella, vesture). (various references) | |
Romanian | care acoperã, acoperire (defrayal, margin, overlay, roofing). (various references) | |
Russian | укрытие (cover, coverture, hide, hideaway, hideout, hide-out, shelter), сопроводительный, чехол (cover, jacket, slip cover, slipcover, tick), обшивка (binding, coat, cover, encasement, facing, jacket, lagging, overcast, revetment, sheeting, siding, welt, welting), оболочка (capsule, coat, cover, envelope, film, involucre, membrane, sheath, shell, shells, skin, tegument), облицовка (casi |
