Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Corundum |
CorundumNoun1. Very hard mineral used as an abrasive. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
| Domain | Definition |
Chemistry | Mineral Al2O3; it occurs as shapeless grains and masses or as variously coloured rhombohedral crystals(such as prisms or tapering hexagonal pyramids), including the gem varieties such as ruby and sapphire. Source: European Union. (references) |
| Native alumina, or aluminium oxide occurring as rhomboedral crystals and also in masses and various coloured grains. Applied specifically to nontransparent kinds used as abrasives. It is the hardest mineral excepting diamond. Corundum and its artificial counterparts are abrasives especially suited to the grinding of metals. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Mining | A trigonal mineral, Al2 O3 ; hematite group; forms hexagonal prisms with basal and rhombohedral parting; red (ruby), blue (sapphire), green (oriental emerald), reddish-brown, white, or gray; defines 9 on the Mohs hardness scale; in nepheline syenite pegmatites and placer deposits. Emery is granular corundum mixed with magnetite and spinel. Synthetic corundum made from bauxite together with other manufactured abrasives havelargely replaced natural materials. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Corundum is the crystalline form of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and one of the rock-forming minerals. Corundum is naturally clear, but can have different colors when impurities are added. Transparent specimens are used as gems, called ruby if red, while all other colors are called sapphire. The word corundum comes from the Hindu kurand.
Corundum has a hardness of 9 on the 10 point Mohs' scale, a specific gravity of 4.00 and a hexagonal crystal structure. The oxygen atoms are arranged in a hexagonal close packing, with the smaller aluminum atoms occupying 2/3 of the octahedral gaps. It's luster is vitreous to adamantine. The coordination of the atoms are thus 6:4, compared to 4:2 for quartz, which accounts for its greater hardness despite the Al-O bonds being less covalent. Its index of refraction is 1.76 - 1.78 and its birefringence is 0.009.
Due to corundum's hardness, it is commonly used in as an abrasive in machining, from huge machines to sandpaper. Emery is an impure and less abrasive variety, with a Mohs hardness of 8.0. Diamond is harder, but much more expensive.
See also: List of minerals
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Corundum."
Synonym: CorundumSynonym: corundom (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Corundum |
| English words defined with "corundum": alumina, aluminium oxide, aluminum oxide ♦ Corundums ♦ emery ♦ oriental amethyst ♦ ruby ♦ sapphire. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "corundum": ABRASIVE-COATING-MACHINE OPERATOR, Aloxite, asteriated topaz, auxiliary mineral ♦ corundolite ♦ fired stone, formation striae ♦ hard spar ♦ Jacobs process ♦ lesleyite ♦ marundite ♦ Oriental ruby, Oriental topaz ♦ sandy alumina, satellites, scientific alexandrite, spinel emery, syngenetic deposit, synthetic stone ♦ true ruby ♦ Verneuil process ♦ Wooddell scale ♦ Yogo sapphire. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Corundum" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses. Manx (corundum). |
| Domain | Title |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Corundum" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Corundum" is used about 2 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 2 | 245,945 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name |
| Japan | Riken Corundum Company Limited |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
corundum | 41 |
corundum crystal | 4 |
corundum powder | 3 |
campground corundum millsite old | 2 |
aluminum corundum oxide sand | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "corundum"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | zmeril (emery), korund. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 刚玉 (Corundums). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | korund (adamantine spar, alpha-alumina, corindon, diamond spar). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | korund (adamantine spar, alpha-alumina, corindon, diamond spar). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | سنگ سنباده (Emery). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | korundi (adamantine spar, alpha-alumina, corindon, diamond spar). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | corindon (corindon), alumine alpha. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Korund (adamantine spar, alpha-alumina, corindon, diamond spar). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | κορούνδιο (adamantine spar, alpha-alumina, corindon, diamond spar). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | korund (emery). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | corubino, corindone (alpha-alumina). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 鋼玉 , コミュニケーション科学基礎 "究所 (choral, collaboration, collaborative, collaborator, collage, collagen, collie, column, columnist, COM, COMECON, comedian, comedy, comet, Cominform, comment, commentator, comment-out, committee, common, common carrier, common language, common sense, Commonwealth Day, communicate, Communication Science Laboratories, communications intelligence, communications satellite, communicator, communism, communist, Communist Information Bureau, community, community care, community center, community college, community media, community paper, community school, community sports, computer output microfilm system, comsat, corrida, Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, Komintern, Komsomol, Korea, operator in a telemarketing business, stand-alone feature article framed by a box). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | "うぎょく (jadeite, Jonathan apple, ruby, topaz), コランダ . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 강옥 (Corundums). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | corundum. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | orundumcay corindo (adamantine spar, alpha-alumina, corindon, diamond spar), coríndon, minério (mineral, ore). (various references) corindon. (various references) корунд корундовый. (various references) corundo, corindón blanco (adamantine spar, corindon, diamond spar), corindón (adamantine spar, alpha-alumina, corindon, diamond spar), zafiro blanco (adamantine spar, corindon, diamond spar), leucozafiro (adamantine spar, corindon, diamond spar). (various references) korund (adamantine spar, alpha-alumina, corindon, diamond spar). (various references) korindon (carborundum), elmastan sonraki en sert mineral. (various references) корунд. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "corundum": corundums. (additional references) | |
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"Corundum" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Carnuntum, conundum, corandum, corinium, corneum, coronium, corrundum, corundrum, Crunden, Curundu, Kibundu. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "corundum" (pronounced keru"ndum) |
| 4 | -n d u m | condom, memorandum, random, referendum, tandem. |
| 3 | -d u m | addendum, boredom, chiefdom, dukedom, earldom, fiefdom, freedom, kingdom, macadam, madam, Madame, martyrdom, modem, officialdom, Sedum, seldom, sheikdom, Sodom, stardom, subkingdom, wisdom. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "c-d-m-n-o-r-u-u" | |
-2 letters: cundum. | |
-3 letters: cornu, duroc, durum, mound, mourn, mucor, mucro, round. | |
-4 letters: cord, corm, corn, crud, curd, curn, dorm, doum, dour, drum, durn, duro, morn, muon, norm, nurd, unco, undo. | |
-5 letters: cod, con, cor, cud, cum, cur, doc, dom, don, dor, dun, duo, moc, mod, mon, mor, mud, mun, nod, nom, nor, orc, oud, our. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-d-m-n-o-r-u-u" | |
+1 letter: conundrum, corundums. | |
+2 letters: conundrums, curmudgeon. | |
+3 letters: curmudgeons. | |
+4 letters: curmudgeonly. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Usage Frequency 6. Names: Company Usage 7. Expressions: Internet 8. Translations: Modern | 9. Derivations 10. Rhymes 11. Anagrams 12. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
