Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Copyright

Definition: Copyright

Copyright

Adjective

1. (of literary or musical or dramatic or artistic work) protected by copyright; "permission to publish copyright material".

Noun

1. A document granting exclusive right to publish and sell literary or musical or artistic work.

Verb

1. Secure a copyright on a written work; "did you copyright your manuscript?".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "copyright" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1615. (references)


Specialty Definition: Copyright

DomainDefinition

Computing

Copyright The exclusive rights of the owner of the copyright on a work to make and distribute copies, prepare derivative works, and perform and display the work in public (these last two mainly apply to plays, films, dances and the like, but could also apply to software). A work, including a piece of software, is under copyright by default in most coutries, whether of not it displays a copyright notice. However, a copyright notice may make it easier to assert ownership. The copyright owner is the person or company whose name appears in the copyright notice on the box, or the disk or the screen or wherever. A copyright notice has three parts. The first can be either a c with a circle around it (LaTeX \copyright), or the word Copyright or the abbreviation Copr. A "c" in parentheses: "(c)" has no legal meaning. This is followed by the name of the copyright holder and the year of first publication. Countries around the world have agreed to recognise and uphold each others' copyrights, but this world-wide protection requires the use of the c in a circle. Originally, most of the computer industry assumed that only the program's underlying instructions were protected under copyright law but, beginning in the early 1980s, a series of lawsuits involving the video screens of game programs extended protections to the appearance of programs. Use of copyright to restrict redistribution is actually immoral, unethical, and illegitimate. It is a result of brainwashing by monopolists and corporate interests and it violates everyone's rights. Copyrights and patents hamper technological progress by making a naturally abundant resource scarce. Many, from communists to right wing libertarians, are trying to abolish intellectual property myths. See also public domain, copyleft, software law. US Copyright Office Circular 61 - Copyright Registration for Computer Programs (gopher://marvel.loc.gov:70/0/copyright/circs/circ61). The US Department of Education's "How Does Copyright Law Apply to Computer Software" (gopher://ericir.syr.edu:70/0/FAQ/CopyrightSoftware). Usenet newsgroup: news:misc.legal.computing. [Is this definition correct in the UK? In the US? Elsewhere?] (2000-03-23). Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing.

Archeological

Legal recognition of special intellectual property rights, distinct from the right of possession, that a creator may have for their work. Copyright exists for original works in tangible media and covers the rights to reproduce, adapt, distribute, perform, or display the work. (references)

Literature

Copyright The law of copyright was made in 1814 (54 Geo. III. c. 156). It enacted that an author should possess a right in his work for life, or for twenty-eight years. If he died before the expiration of twenty-eight years, the residue of the right passed to the heirs.
By Talfourd's or Lord Mahon's Act (1842) the time was extended to forty-two years, and at least seven years after decease: for example, if the time unexpired exceeds seven years, the heirs enjoy the residue; if less, the heirs claim seven years.
In the first case eleven copies of the work had to be given for public use; by Lord Mahon's Act the number was reduced to five: i.e. one to each of the following institutions, viz. the British Museum, the Bodleian (Oxford), the University library (Cambridge), the Advocates' library (Edinburgh), and the library of Trinity College (Dublin).
The six omitted are Sion College, the Scotch Universities of Glasgow, Aberdeen, and St. Andrews, and King's Inn (Dublin). Source: Brewer's Dictionary.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Copyright

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

A copyright provides its holder several exclusive rights to control the reproduction, import and export of a work of authorship (e.g., literary work, movie, music, painting, software, mask work, etc.) Copyrights are often held by a work's author, although, for reasons discussed below, they may often be held by a corporation. Copyright stands in contrast to other forms of intellectual property, such as patents, which grant a monopoly right to the use of an invention, because it is not a monopoly right to do something, merely a right to prevent others doing it.

Copyright covers the expression of the idea, not the idea itself (unlike a patent). So for example the idea of writing an article about copyright has been thought of before (in every legal textbook for 100 years) but that does not stop us writing this article. What we cannot do is copy a chunk of text out of one of those text books.

A copyright holder typically has exclusive rights:

What is meant by the phrase "exclusive right" is that the copyright holder and only the copyright holder is allowed to do these things; everyone else is prohibited from doing them without the copyright holder's consent. Copyright is often called a "negative right", to stress that it has less to do with permitting people (e.g. authors) to do anything, and more to do with prohibiting people (e.g. readers, viewers, or listeners) from doing something: reproducing the copyrighted work. In this way it is similar to the Unregistered Design Right in English Law and European Law.

Note that copyright law does not restrict resale of copies of works, provided those copies were made by or with the permission of the copyright holder. Thus it is legal, for example, to resell a book or a CD that you have purchased, provided you do not keep a copy for yourself. In the US this is known as the First Sale Doctrine, and was established in the US court system to clarify the legality of reselling books in used book stores. Elsewhere it has other names; in the United Kingdom it is known as "Exhaustion of rights" and is a principle which applies to other Intellectual property rights.

Subject to moral rights, copyright also does not prohibit the owner of a physical copy of a work from modifying, defacing, destroying, etc. the work, so long as this does not involve duplication.

Copyright also does not prohibit all forms of copying. The fair use and fair dealing doctrines allows limited copying of portions of a copyrighted work in, for example, criticism, satire, or educational settings. Copyrighted works may also be available for copying through a statutory compulsory license scheme or via a copyright collective or performing rights organisation.

How copyrights are obtained/enforced

Typically, works must meet minimal standards of originality in order to qualify for a copyright, and the copyright expires after a set period of time.

Different countries impose different tests, although generally the test is low; in the United Kingdom there has to be some 'skill, originality and work' which has gone into it. However, even fairly trivial amounts of these qualities are sufficient.

In the United States, the original owner of the copyright may be the employer of the actual author rather than the author himself if the work is a "work for hire". Again, this principle is widespread; in English Law the Copyright Designs and Patents 1988 provides that where a work in which copyright subsists is made by an employee in the course of his employement the copyright is automatically assigned to the employer.

Copyrights are generally enforced by the owner in a civil law court, but there are also criminal infringement statutes. Criminal sanctions are generally aimed at serious counterfeiting activity.

Copyrighting fonts

In the United States, font design is not copyrightable, but it is patentable if novel enough. Stone and Lucida are the only two patented typefaces, and this may not hold up in court.

Europe used to have the same "can't copyright typefaces" laws as the United States, but Germany (in 1981) and the UK (in 1989) have passed laws making typeface designs copyrightable. The UK law is even retroactive (!), so designs produced before 1989 are also copyrighted, if the copyrights wouldn't have already expired (the German one is not retroactive).

Rights beyond copyright

Many European countries (and other countries as a result of the GATT Trade Related Intellectual Property or "TRIPs" agreement) further provide for moral rights in addition to copyrights possessed by authors, such as the right to have their work acknowledged and not be disparaged. (Famously, the Monty Python team managed to use these rights to stop the Monty Python TV programme being shown in the US because the US TV station was putting so many adverts into the program the Monty Python team claimed that it was being ruined as a serious comedy programme.)

While copyright is normally assigned or licensed to the publisher, authors generally retain their moral rights (although in some jurisdictions these can be excluded under contract). In most of Europe it is not possible for authors to assign their moral rights (unlike the copyright itself, which is regarded as an item of property which can be sold, licenced, lent, mortgaged or given like any other property). They can agree not to enforce them (and such terms are very common in contracts in Europe). There may also be a requirement for the author to 'assert' these moral rights before they can be enforced. In many books, for example, this is done on a page near the beginning, in amongst the British Library/Library of Congress data.

Some European countries also provide for artist resale rights, which mean that artists are entitled to a portion of the appreciation of the value of their work each time it is sold. These rights are granted on the background of a different tradition, which granted droits d'auteur rather than copyright also granting all creators various moral rights beyond the economic rights recognized in most copyright jurisdictions. (see also parallel importation.)

History of copyright

Main article: History of copyright

While governments had previously granted monopoly rights to publishers to sell printed works, the modern concept of copyright originated in 1710 with the British Statute of Anne. This statute first recognized that authors, rather than publishers, should be the primary beneficiary of such laws, and it included protections for consumers of printed work ensuring that publishers could not control their use after sale. It also limited the duration of such exclusive rights to 28 years, after which all works would pass into the public domain.

The Berne Convention of 1886 first established the recognition of copyrights between sovereign nations. (Copyrights were also provided by the Universal Copyright Convention of 1952, but that convention is today largely of historical interest.) Under the Berne convention, copyright is granted automatically to creative works; an author does not have to "register" or "apply for" a copyright. As soon as the work is "fixed", that is, written or recorded on some physical medium, its author is automatically granted all exclusive rights to the work and any derivative works unless and until the author explicitly disclaims them, or until the copyright expires.

Critique of copyright

Some think the current copyright system doesn't work in the Information society. The general problem is that the current (international) copyright system undermines its own goal (Boyle 1996, 142). The concept of public domain, needed as a pool for future creators, is far too often forgotten or repressed, due to the strong position of the concept of the romantic author, and selective blindness for the possibilities concerning copyright that the Internet and computers offer. Except for unlimited copying, it offers, as said, also new ways for marketing and, more important, the possibilities of code; much depends of course of how code is used (code can be used and is in most of the cases also used in a positive way), but in various cases it threatens not only the public domain in a serious way, but is also ignored when talking about "restoring the balance" which is said to be gravely disturbed by the so called unlimited copying possibilities the Internet creates. [1]

Others believe that irrespective of contemporary advances in technology, copyright has been and remains the fundamental way by which authors, sculptors, artists, musicians and others can fund the creation of new works. This view espouses that copyright is the only reason some valuable books and art would be created.

In the US in 2003, controversial changes implemented by the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act extending the length of copyright under U.S. copyright law by 20 years were constitutionally challenged unsuccessfully in the Supreme Court. The Court, in the case called Eldred v. Ashcroft, held inter alia that in placing existing and future copyrights in parity in the CTEA, Congress acted within its authority and did not transgress constitutional limitations.

Further information on copyright inside Wikipedia

Copyright law varies from country to country. For information on specific national copyright laws, see:

International treaties concerning copyright See also:

Further reading outside Wikipedia

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Copyright."

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Synonyms: Copyright

Synonyms: copyrighted (adj), right of first publication (n). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Copyright

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Property

Patent, copyright; chose in action; credit; debt;.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Copyright

English words defined with "copyright": copyright infringement, copyrightedinfringement of copyright, International copyrightnonproprietaryproprietaryroyaltytooth and nail. (references)
Specialty definitions using "copyright": Advocates' LibraryBusiness Software AllianceCONTINUITY DIRECTOR, Copper Distributed Data Interface, copyleft, copyright clerk, COPYRIGHT EXPERT, customs examiner, CUSTOMS IMPORT SPECIALISTDIRECTOR, MEDIA MARKETINGeditor, continuity and scriptFederation Against Software TheftGeneral Public VirusKermitLinux, Lotus 1-2-3MicroGnuEmacs, MIGRAINESOPENER-VERIFIER-PACKER, CUSTOMSpirated goods, Proprietary Informationsoftware theft, splash screenUniform Resource Citation, Universal Copyright Convention, user interface copyrightwarez, vvarez, juarez. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Copyright" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Czech (copyright), Dutch (copyright), German (copyright), Hungarian (copyright), Italian (copyright), Portuguese (copyright), Swedish (copyright).

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Modern Usage: Copyright

DomainUsage

Screenplays

Someone holds the copyright to Happy Birthday? (Sports Night; writing credit: Tom Brady; Kevin Falls)

Movie/TV Titles

Copyright Film Polski MCMLXXVI (1976)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Copyright

DomainTitle

References

  • Copyright Practices in Africa and the Middle East, 2000 (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  • Copyright Plain & Simple (reference)

  • Intellectual Property: Patents, Trademarks, and Copyright (Nutshell Series) (reference)

  • The Copyright Handbook: How to Protect & Use Written Works (Copyright Handbook, 6th Ed) (reference)

  • The Copyright Permission and Libel Handbook: A Step-By-Step Guide for Writers, Editors, and Publishers (Wiley Books for Writers) (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  

Music

  

High Tech

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: Copyright

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Halftone reproduction of an artwork, copyright 1906 by G.S. Richardson. Credit: NAVY.

At anchor, 1898. The original photograph was copyright 1898 by J.F. Jarvis, and published on a stereograph card. Credit: NAVY.

Anchored in U.S. waters circa summer 1898, showing her forward 6-pdr. gun and bow decorations. Original photograph was printed on a stereograph card, copyright 1899 by Strohmeyer & Wyman, New York. Credit: NAVY.

View looking aft from her forecastle, showing visitors atop her forward 13-inch gun turret, 1898. The original photograph was copyright 1898 by B.L. Singley and published on a stereograph card by the Keystone View Company. Credit: NAVY.

Taking on coal from a lighter, 1898. The original photograph was copyright 1898 by B.L. Singley, and published on a stereograph card by the Keystone View Company. Credit: NAVY.

The Lord Bishop of Winchester / from life, registered photograph copyright Julia Margaret Cameron, Freshwater. Credit: Library of Congress.

Form for J.C.H. Grabill photos, with instructions on what to wear, how to order, etc.; with handwritten note from Grabill to the Copyright Office concerning photos he deposited. Credit: Library of Congress.

Villa of Brule the great hostile Indian camp on River Brule near Pine Ridge, S.D / / photo. and copyright by Grabill , Deadwood, S.D. Credit: Library of Congress.

Copyright and photo credits for Horydczak negatives. Text: proof Horydczak photo. Credit: Library of Congress.

Maude Fealy / from copyright p. Credit: Library of Congress; photo by Burr McIntosh, N.Y..

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Use in Literature: Copyright

TitleAuthorQuote

Grapes of Wrath

Steinbeck, John

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Copyright

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

This book is protected by copyright. (references)

Business

The author of the design, the architect, keeps his personal copyright for his lifetime. (references)

In Argentina, software products have to be registered at the National Register of Copyright. (references)

Because the contents are thus not copied into end-users' PC, it ameliorated copyright problems. (references)

Civil Liberties

Jordan

Persons accused of violating the Press and Publications Law are tried in a special court for press and copyright cases. (references)

Jordan

In addition all violators of the new provisions automatically are subject to trial before the State Security Court rather than the special press and copyright court. (references)

Botswana

The law provides for the issuance of broadcast licenses to private companies and provides copyright protection of broadcast material; it also mandates the establishment of a National Broadcast Board, which grants broadcast licenses. (references)

Economic History

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia has a copyright law. (references)

Senegal

Senegal is a signatory to the Bern Copyright Convention. (references)

Finland

Finland has joined the most important copyright agreements. (references)

Political Economy

NIGERIA

Most copyright cases have been settled out of court. (references)

ROMANIA

Modern patent, trademark, and copyright laws are in place. (references)

THE BAHAMAS

It is also a member of the Universal Copyright Convention. (references)

Trade

Saudi Arabia

The Saudi Government has acceded to the Universal Copyright Convention; implementation began on July 13, 1994. (references)

Uzbekistan

In 1996 Uzbekistan undertook a comprehensive revision of its copyright law, but significant deficiencies remain in Uzbekistan's IPR regime. (references)

Uzbekistan

In its December 2000 session, the Uzbek parliament made some changes to the copyright law, which may alleviate some of these problems, and also added trademark protections. (references)

Travel

Korea

Americans visiting Korea should be aware of possible trademark and copyright violations when purchasing articles in Korea. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Speeches: Copyright

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

Thomas Jefferson

1801-1809Because of copyright reasons we cannot publish all texts that are available on the internet in our own format, which would allow us to provide links to relevant background material for the letters.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Copyright

"Copyright" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 98.76% of the time. "Copyright" is used about 889 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)98.76%8788,097
Noun (proper)1.12%10111,207
Noun (common)0.11%1339,140
                    Total100.00%889N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Copyright

Expressions using "copyright": breach of copyright Copyright (C) 1993/2001 Oliver Heidelbach copyright infringement copyright legislation copyright reserved copyright writer infringement of copyright International copyright out of copyright user interface copyright. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "copyright": copyright-cleared, copyright-protected, copyright-related.

Ending with "copyright": anti-copyright, non-copyright, rbg-copyright.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Copyright

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

copyright

2,607

copyright search

55

copyright law

701

internet copyright law

55

copyright office

254

copyright free music

54

music copyright

223

internet copyright

54

us copyright office

179

copyright software

50

copyright form

157

copyright a name

49

copyright infringement

136

loc.gov copyright

46

us copyright

129

copyright logo

45

united state copyright office

123

copyright notice

42

copyright and trademark

117

copyright for free

39

copyright information

107

copyright application

39

copyright web site

107

copyright registration

38

copyright symbol

103

copyright free image

38

digital millennium copyright act

100

ccfda copying copyright levy levy media private

36

song copyright

88

2002 carson copyright inc services

35

copyright protection

71

copyright for book

34

cmp.com copyright.html delivery

64

copyright act

32

music copyright law

63

library of congress copyright

30

u.s copyright office

63

copyright clearance center

30

copyright attorney

63

copyright free photo

29
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Copyright

Language Translations for "copyright"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Afrikaans

  

kopiereg. (various references)

   

Albanian

  

e drejtë e autorit. (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏حق النشر والتأليف, ‏حق النشر. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

авторско право. (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

版权, 版權 . (various references)

   

Czech

  

copyright, autorské právo. (various references)

   

Danish

  

ophavsret. (various references)

   

Dutch

  

kopijrecht, copyright, auteursrecht. (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

kopirajto, aŭtora rajto. (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

حق چاپ(انحصاری), حق طبع ونشر. (various references)

   

Finnish

  

tekijänoikeus. (various references)

   

French

  

droit d'auteur. (various references)

   

Frisian

  

skriuwersrjocht, auteursrjocht. (various references)

   

German

  

Verlagsrecht (right of publishing), Urheberrecht, Eigentumsrecht (ownership, proprietary right, proprietorship, right of ownership, title), copyright. (various references)

   

Greek 

  

κόπιράιτ, συγγραφικό δικαίωμα (authorship), πνευματική ιδιοκτησία (literary property), δικαιώματα αναπαραγωγής, δικαιώματα αναδημοσίευσης, δικαίωμα πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας, δικαίωμα αντιγραφήσ. (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

זכות יוצרים, זכות "מחבר. (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

copyright, szerzõi jog. (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

hak cipta. (various references)

   

Italian

  

diritto d'autore (royalty). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

"版 , 著作権 , 版権 , コバルト爆弾 (acopy, blurb on a book jacket, cobalt bomb, cobra, cobra twist, coffin, Copt, copywriter). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

ぞうは" (rebellion), コ"ーライト , は"け" (stub), ちょさくけ". (various references)

   

Korean 

  

작권. (various references)

   

Manx

  

coip-chiart. (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

opyrightcay

   

Portuguese

  

copyright, copirraite, direitos de autor (royalty), direitos autorais (royalties), direitodeeditor, direito de reprodução. (various references)

   

Romanian

  

cu drepturi de autor rezervate, drepturi de autor (royalty), asigura drepturile de autor. (various references)

   

Russian 

  

авторскоеправо, авторское право (copy-right, literary property, proprietary processes), авторское. (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

zaštititi autorskim pravom, zaštita autorskog prava, autorsko pravo (authorship). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

copyright, propiedad literaria (literary property), propiedad artística, privilegio (charter, concession, patent, privelege, privilege, right), derechos de autor (author's royalties, royalties, royalty), derecho de reproducción, derecho de autor. (various references)

   

Swedish

  

upphovsrätt, litterär äganderätt (literary property). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

telif hakkını saklı tutmak, telif hakkı saklı olan, telif hakkı ile korunan, telif hakkı ile korumak, telif hakkı (royalty, stage rights). (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

авторське право. (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

quyền tác giả tác giả giữ bản quyền, do tác giả giữ bản quyền; được đảm bảo quyền tác giả, bản quyền. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Copyright

Derivations

Words beginning with "copyright": copyrightable, copyrighted, copyrighting, copyrights. (additional references)

Words containing "copyright": uncopyrightable. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Copyright" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: copright, copyrite, copywright. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Copyright"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "copyright" (pronounced kÄ"pērī't)
3-r ī' tbirthright, downright, fluorite, meteorite, playwright, shipwright, underwrite, Wainwright, wheelwright.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Copyright

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "c-g-h-i-o-p-r-t-y"

-2 letters: trophic.

-3 letters: chirpy, crypto, gothic, orphic, photic, pitchy, righto, righty, thoric, torchy, trophy, tropic.

-4 letters: chiro, chirp, choir, corgi, crypt, girth, griot, gript, gripy, grith, ichor, itchy, ochry, optic, orgic, picot, pirog, pitch, pithy, porch, porgy, pricy, pyric, right, rotch, thorp, thrip, tophi, topic, torch, toric, trigo, typic, yirth, yogic.

-5 letters: chip, chit, chop.

 Words containing the letters "c-g-h-i-o-p-r-t-y"
 

+1 letter: copyrights.

 

+2 letters: copyrighted, hygrophytic, hypogastric, pictography, typographic.

 

+3 letters: copyrighting.

 

+4 letters: bacteriophagy, copyrightable, cryptographic, typographical.

 

+5 letters: cinematography, cryptographies, dermatoglyphic, hygroscopicity.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Photo Album
7. Quotations: Fiction
8. Quotations: Non-fiction
9. Quotations: Speeches
10. Usage Frequency
11. Expressions
12. Expressions: Internet
13. Translations: Modern
14. Derivations
15. Rhymes
16. Anagrams
17. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.