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Definition: Communication |
CommunicationNoun1. The activity of communicating. 2. Something that is communicated between people or groups. 3. A connection allowing access between persons or places; "how many lines of communication can there be among four people?"; "a secret passageway provided communication between the two rooms". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "communication" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1350. (references) |
Etymology: Communication \Com*mu`ni*ca"tion\, noun. [Latin expression communicatio.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Economics | The imparting, conveying or exchange of ideas, knowledge, information, or attitudes. Source: European Union. (references) |
Labor | Means the exchange of thoughts, ideas, information and opinions. The term may also be used to refer to a particular message. Source: European Union. (references) |
Public Administration | Non-technical study of the mass media and mass communication(press, radio and television, posters, films, fashion, rumours, etc. )University of Amsterdam specialisations:socio-cultural communication, public opinion, media organisation, and communication history. University of Nijmegen:specialisations include film criticism, and local and regional broadcasting. (3). Source: European Union. (references) |
Statistics | A relationship between two or more persons involving the transfer of information(messages, ideas, knowledge, strategies, etc. ). Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The term ansible is used in science fiction literature to describe a hypothetical faster-than-light (in fact instantaneous) communication device. The term was coined by Ursula K. Le Guin in her 1966 novel, Roccannon's World. Her award-winning 1974 novel The Dispossessed tells of the invention of the ansible within her Ekumen milieu.Some have claimed that the word was an intentional anagram of "lesbian". Le Guin herself states that she derived it from "answerable", as the device would allow its users to receive answers to their messages in a reasonable amount of time, even over interstellar distances.
The name and basic function of the device have since been borrowed by authors such as Orson Scott Card, Elizabeth Moon and Vernor Vinge.
Faster-than-light communication is problematic because the theory of special relativity implies that such a device may allow communication from the future to the past, and would thus for instance allow the user to learn about tomorrow's lottery numbers today. See time travel for a discussion of the physics involved in building such systems. It is not clear that this is possible, or that the problems of causality could be resolved, but these questions are undergoing serious review by many reputable physicists. (The character in Le Guin's novel who invents the ansible is a theoretical physicist, working in a framework very different from ours.)
Ansible is a science fiction fanzine published by Dave Langford, named after the faster-than-light communicator.
External Links:
- Ansible Home Page
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Ansible."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Communication is the process of exchanging information, usually via common system of symbols. It takes a wide variety of forms, from two people having a face-to-face conversation, to hand signals, to messages sent over global telecommunication networks. The process of communication is what allows us to interact with other people; without it, we would be unable to share knowledge or experiences with anything outside of ourselves. Common forms of communication include speaking, writing, gestures, and broadcasting.The Latin root word of "communication" is comunicare, which has three possible meanings
1. "to make common", which is probably derived from either 2 or 3
2. cum + munus, i.e. having gifts to share in a mutual donation.
3. cum + munire, i.e. building together a defense, like the walls of a city
Defining communication
There is no single definition of communication that satisfies everyone. In 1970, Frank Dance had identified 126 published definitions. [1]
Types of communication
To some people "Communication" implies two different, and sometimes conflicting, things. On the one hand, it means to have a thoughtful exchange of views (dialogue) with a small number of people, perhaps just one. But it can also mean to disseminate broadly a simple message (compare broadcasting), without deep thought or appeals for feedback.
Interpersonal
Main article: Interpersonal communicationThe most basic forms of communication are primarily those which involve communicating with people immediately present, such as one-on-one and group conversations.
Telecommunication
Main article: TelecommunicationTelecommunication is communication over spatial distances. The term is most often used in describing electronic means of communication, but can also include methods such as smoke signals and semaphore.
Animal
Main article: Animal communicationHumans are not the only creatures who communicate. Animals share information with each other in a variety of ways.
Academic study
The various aspects of communicating have long been the subject of human study. In ancient Greece, the study of rhetoric, the art of effective speaking and persuasion, was a vital subject for students.
In the early 20th century, many specialists began to study communication as a specific part of their academic disciplines. Communication studies began to emerge as a distinct academic field in the mid-20th century. Marshall McLuhan was one of the early pioneers.
Communication technology
In more technical senses, see also telegraphy, telephone, computer network.
As regards human communication these diverse fields can be divided into those which cultivate a thoughtful exchange between a small number of people (debate, talk radio, e-mail, personal letters) on the one hand; and those which disseminate broadly a simple message (Public relations, television, Hollywood films.)
Our indebtedness to the Romans in the field of communication does not end with the root "communicare". They devised what might be described as the first real mail or postal system in order to control the empire from Rome by gathering knowledge about events in faroff places.
As the Romans well knew, communication is as much about taking in towards the centre as it is about putting out towards the extremes.
In virtual management an important issue is computer-mediated communication.
The view people take to communication is changing, as new technologies change the way they communicate and organize. This new trend in communication, decentralized personal networking, is termed smartmobbing.
References
[1] Dance, Frank. "The 'concept' of communication. Journal of Communication, 20, 201-210 (1970).
Related Articles
- information theory
- journalism
- linguistics
- postal service
- mass media
- rhetorical criticism
- social software
External links
- Studying Communication: An introduction to the field, by R.C. Hains
- University of Iowa - Communication Studies Resources
- UNM General Library Communication Studies
- University of Leeds Institute of Communication Studies
- European Graduate School - Communications Studies
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Communication."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Cell phones and in-plane credit card phones played a major role during and after the attack, starting with hijacked passengers who called family or notified the authorities about what was happening. Passengers and crew who made calls include Todd Beamer, Mark Bingham, Peter Hanson, Jeremy Glick, Barbara K. Olson, Madeline Amy SweeneyAfter the attack, the cell phone network of New York City was rapidly overloaded as traffic doubled over normal levels. Since three of the major broadcast networks had their transmission tower atop the North Tower (One World Trade Center), coverage was limited after the collapse of the tower.
Emergency relief efforts in both Lower Manhattan and at the Pentagon were augmented by volunteer amateur radio operators in the weeks after the attacks.
After the planes struck the World Trade Center, people inside made calls to loved ones; in many cases, the last ever heard from them.
AT&T eliminated any costs for domestic calls originating from the New York City area (212/718/917/646/347) in days following.
September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack - Full Timeline
In Memoriam - Casualties - Missing Persons - Survivors - Personal experiences
Donations - Assistance - Closings and Cancellations - Memorials and Services
US Governmental Response - Responsibility - Hijackers - Political effects - Economic effectsSee also: "War on Terrorism" -- U.S. invasion of Afghanistan -- 2001 anthrax attack -- World Trade Center -- The Pentagon -- New York City -- Washington, D.C -- AA Flight 11 -- UA Flight 75 -- AA Flight 77 -- UA Flight 93 -- U.S. Department of Defense -- Operation Bojinka -- terrorism -- domestic terrorism -- Osama bin Laden -- Taliban -- Islamism -- Afghanistan -- collective trauma -- September 11
External Links and References
An Unimaginable Emergency Put Communications to the Test, The New York Times, 9/20/2001
The Simple BlackBerry Allowed Contact When Phones Failed, The New York Times, 9/20/2001
Using a Cellphone Signal to Hunt for a Victim in Desperate Need, The New York Times, 9/20/2001Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Communication during the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Telecommunication is the technique of transmitting a message, from one point or place to another with the typical additional attiribute of being bi-directional. In practice it also recognizes that something may be lost in the process; hence the term 'telecommunication' covers all forms of distance communications, including radio, telegraphy, television, telephony, data communication and computer networking.The elements of a telecommunication system are a transmitter, a medium (line) and possibly a channel imposed upon the medium (see baseband and broadband as well as multiplexing), and a receiver. The transmitter is a device that transforms or encodes the message into a physical phenomenon; the signal. The transmission medium, by its physical nature, is likely to modify or degrade the signal on its path from the transmitter to the receiver. The receiver has a decoding mechanism capable of recovering the message within certain limits of signal degradation. In some cases, the final "receiver" is the human eye and/or ear (or in some extreme cases other sense organs) and the recovery of the message is done by the brain (see psychoacoustics.)
Telecommunication can be point-to-point, point-to-multipoint or broadcasting, which is a particular form of point-to-multipoint that goes only from the transmitter to the receivers.
The art of the telecommunications engineer is to analyse the physical properties of the line or transmission medium, and the statistical properties of the message in order to design the most effective encoding and decoding mechanisms.
When systems are designed to communicate through human sense organs (mainly vision and hearing), physiological and psychological characteristics of human perception will be taken into account. This has important economic implications and engineers will research what defects may be tolerated in the signal yet not affect the viewing or hearing experience too badly.
Examples of Human (tele)communications
In a simplistic example, take a normal conversation between you and a friend. The message is the sentence your mind decides to communicate to your friend. The transmitter is the language areas in your brain, the motor cortex, your vocal cords, the larynx, and your mouth that produce those sounds called speech. The signal is the sound waves that can be identified as speech. The channel is the air carrying those sound waves, and all the acoustic properties of the space you are in: echoes, ambient noise, reverberation. Between you and your friend (the receiver), may be other technologies that do or do not introduce their own distortions of the original vocal signal (e.g. telephone, HAM radio, IP phone, etc.) The penultimate receiver is your friend's ear, the auditory nerve, the language areas in your friend's brain that will make the difference between your voice and the sound of a car passing by, and decode your speech into, hopefully, the same sentence.The car passing by is an example of an important property of the channel called noise. Another important aspect of the channel is called the bandwidth, and you would become very aware of the effects of a limited bandwidth if you were now talking to your friend on a telephone or a walkie-talkie.
Other Background
Bell Labs scientist Claude E. Shannon published A Mathematical Theory of Communication in 1948. This landmark publication was to set the mathematical models used to describe communication systems called information theory. Information theory enables us to evaluate the capacity of a communication channel according to its bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio.At the time of publication, telecommunication systems were predominantly based on analog electronic circuit design. The introduction of mass-produced digital integrated circuits has enabled telecom engineers to take full advantage of information theory. From the demands of telecom circuitry, a whole specialist area of integrated circuit design has emerged called digital signal processing.
Possible imperfections in a communication channel are: shot noise, thermal noise, latency, non-linear channel transfer function, sudden signal drops, bandwidth limitations, signal reflections (echos). More recent telecommunications systems take advantage of some of these imperfections to actually improve the quality of the channel.
Modern telecommunication systems make extensive use of time synchronization. There is a link between the development of telecommunications and very fine-grained (microsecond) time-keeping technology. Until the recent rise of the use of IP Telephony, most modern, wide-area telecommunications systems were synchronised to atomic clocks, or to secondary clocks synchronised to atomic time.
See modulation for examples of techniques for encoding information into analog signals.
Examples
Examples of digital channel coding systems: Hamming coding, Gray coding, Binary coding, Turbo coding.Examples of telecommunications systems:
- Semaphore
- Telegraphy
- Radioteletype
- the global telephone network
- Radio
- Television
- Communications satellites
- Ethernet
- the Internet
See also
- ITU
- Federal Standard 1037C for a glossary of telecommuncations terms.
- Public utility.
External link
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Telecommunication."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Wireless telegraphy is the practice of remote writing (see telegraphy) without the wires normally involved in an electrical telegraph.In St. Louis, Missouri, Nikola Tesla made the first public demonstration of such a system in 1893. Addressing the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia and the National Electric Light Association, he described and demonstrated in detail the principles of wireless telegraphy. The apparatus that he used contained all the elements that were incorporated into radio systems before the development of the vacuum tube.
The later derived system to achieve widespread use was demonstrated by Guglielmo Marconi in 1896, though it had roots in earlier work by many scientists and inventors. As far back as Faraday and Hertz in the early 1800s, it was clear to most scientists that wireless communication was possible, and many people worked on developing many devices and improvements. For instance, in 1832, James Bowman Lindsay gave a classroom demonstration of wireless telegraphy to his students. By 1854 he was able to demonstrate transmission across the Firth of Tay from Dundee to Woodhaven (now part of Newport-on-Tay), a distance of two miles.
Later wireless telegraphy devices started appearing in the 1860s, based on the prior work of Nikola Tesla. Edison, for example, patented one in 1885 for use by trains. Marconi and Braun shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in physics for "contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy".
A few decades later, the term radio became more popular. Early radio could not transfer sounds, only Morse code in the tones made by rotary spark gaps.
Canadian-American scientist Reginald Aubrey Fessenden was the first to wirelessly transmit a human voice (his own). Read more about History of radio.
The ultimate development of wireless telegraphy was telex on radio. The most advanced form (CCITT R.44) automated both routing and encoding of messages over short wave radio. Telex on radio was invented in the 1940s, and was for many years the only reliable way to reach many distant contries (See telegraphy for more information).
A good source of history is the book Syntony and Spark: the Origins of Radio, Hugh G. J. Aitken, ISBN 0471018163.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Wireless telegraphy."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| COBRA | English | COmmunication technology: Basic Research and Applications | Computer - Computer - (org., Netherlands) |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonym: CommunicationSynonym: communicating (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Conversation | Noun: conversation, interlocution; collocution, colloquy, converse, confabulation, talk, discourse, verbal intercourse; oral communication, commerce; dialogue, duologue, trialogue. |
Friendship | Verb: be friendly; Adjective:, be friends; be acquainted with; Adjective: know; have the ear of; keep company with;(sociality); hold communication with, have dealings with, sympathize with; have a leaning to; bear good will; (benevolent); love; make much of; befriend; (aid); introduce to. set one's horses together; have the latchstring out; hold out the right hand of friendship, extend the right hand of friendship, hold out the right hand of fellowship; become friendly; Adjective: make friends; with; break the lee, be introduced to; make acquaintance with, pick acquaintance with, scrape acquaintance with; get into favor, gain the friendship of. |
Giving | Noun: giving; Verb: bestowal, bestowment, donation; presentation, presentment; accordance; concession; delivery, consignment, dispensation, communication, endowment; investment,Noun: giving; Verb: bestowal, bestowment, donation; presentation, presentment; accordance; concession; delivery, consignment, dispensation, communication, endowment; investment, investiture; award. |
Information | Communication, intimation; notice, notification; enunciation, annunciation; announcement; communiqu_; representation, round robin, presentment. |
Junction | Noun: junction; joining; Verb: joinder, union connection, conjunction, conjugation; annexion, annexation, annexment; astriction, attachment, compagination, vincture, ligation, alligation; accouplement; marriage; (wedlock,); infibulation, inosculation, symphysis, anastomosis, confluence, communication, concatenation; meeting, reunion; assemblage. |
News | Word, advice, aviso, message; dispatch, despatch; telegram, cable, marconigram, wire, communication, errand, embassy. |
Speech | Noun: speech, faculty of speech; locution, talk, parlance, verbal intercourse, prolation, oral communication, word of mouth, parole, palaver, prattle; effusion. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | End communication. (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) Oooh, like this requires telekinetic communication, Buster (Tiny Toon Adventures; writing credit: Charles Adler; Pat Allee) We're gonna have to work on our communication. (Independence Day; writing credit: Dean Devlin; Roland Emmerich) Sometimes reality is too complex for oral communication. But legend embodies it in a form which enables it to spread all over the world (Alphaville, une 茅trange aventure de Lemmy Caution; writing credit: Jean-Luc Godard; Paul 脡luard) The Internet is a communication tool used the world over where people can come together to bitch about movies and share pornography with one another (Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back; writing credit: Kevin Smith) | |
Lyrics | I sense a gradual loss of communication (Let's Get Back; performing artist: Gwen Stefani) Communication, telephonic invasion (Spiderwebs; performing artist: No Doubt) | |
Clever | Communication by empathy is a talent that few possess. (references; author: unknown) Good Communication Skills: Spends lots of time on phone. (references; author: unknown) Information is giving out. Communication is getting through. (references; author: unknown) It is not the speaker who controls communication, but the listener. (references; author: unknown) You are an engineer if your idea of good interpersonal communication means getting the decimal point in the right place. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | La Communication dans l'entreprise (1971) Sexual Communication (1970) David and Hazel: A Story in Communication (1964) Six fois deux/Sur et sous la communication (1977) Communication Security (1977) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Goldstone Deep Space Communication Complex. Credit: NASA. |  | A bottom temperature map published in "Three Cruises of the Blake", Alexander Agassiz, 1888. p. 218. The majority of these temperatures were obtained by the CHALLENGER Expedition. The cold pool in the southwest Atlantic Ocean is indicative of no communication between the southwest and southeast Atlantic basins as the result of an obstruction - the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
 | Reginald Fessenden and his electric oscillator, the first acoustic device to receive echoes from the bottom as well as from an obstruction in the water. The oscillator was designed as an underwater signalling, communication, and obstruction avoidance device. In "Submarine Signaling," Scientific American Supplement, No. 2071, pp. 168-170, Sept. 11, 1915. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |  | Staff Sgt. Jason Boster, satellite communication technician. |
 | Big Maria Communication Site. Credit: Unknown. |  | Telegraph Pass Communication Facility. Credit: Unknown. |
 | National Library of Medicine : New Frontiers In Health Communication. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Inositol Lipids and Intracellular Communication : The NIH Lecture. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
 | Walter Cronkite, full-length portrait, facing left, demonstrating a prototype of a television communication set that may be used in the future for a globally connected library system. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Devastated St. Lo now communication center, St. Lo, France / Acme p. Credit: Library of Congress; photo by Andrew Lopez, war pool correspondent.. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Communication is everything !" by Carl Dwyer Commentary: "Another macro photo of a co-worker and her 'never without it, can't live without it' mobile, what does she do under the shower I wonder, put a plastic bag over it maybe !'+*?." | "Communication" by Per Hardestam Commentary: "Two cans used as telephone." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
 | Ultrasonic sperm whale communication. | | Underwater whale communication. |
| Killer whale communication. | ||
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Anne Morrow Lindbergh | Good communication is as stimulating as black coffee, and just as hard to sleep after. |
Charles Dickens | Electric communication will never be a substitute for the face of someone who with their soul encourages another person to be brave and true. |
Henry David Thoreau | Our manners have been corrupted by communication with the saints. |
John Marshall | Listening well is as powerful a means of communication and influence as to talk well. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | Centralisation of the means of communication and transport in the hands of the State. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The High Contracting Parties will facilitate as much as possible postal and telegraphic communication at the expense of the parties concerned and through the intervention of the Clearing Offices between debtors and creditors desirous of coming to an agreement as to the amount of their debt. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | It was the answer to the communication of his intended marriage |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | A tin pipe ascends through the ceiling, and forms a medium of vocal communication with other parts of the edifice |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Each regiment, isolated from the others, and having no further communication with the army, which was broken in all directions, was dying alone |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | Our manners have been corrupted by communication with the saints |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Several devices to help communication are available. (references) | |
These will improve communication between investigators. (references) | ||
Interference with speech communication and other auditory signals. (references) | ||
Business | Austria has a modern communication infrastructure. (references) | |
The Internet and data communication markets are completely liberalized. (references) | ||
SASO is planning to draft standards for communication products in general. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Liberia | As a result, radio is the primary means of mass communication. (references) |
Equatorial Guinea | Radio is the most important and influential medium of mass communication. (references) | |
Burkina Faso | All media are under the administrative and technical supervision of the Ministry of Communication and Culture. (references) | |
Discrimination | Georgia | Both Georgian and Russian are used for interethnic communication. (references) |
Economic History | Central African Republic | The C.A.R.'s transportation and communication network is limited. (references) |
Tunisia | Services (35.5% of GDP): Tourism, commerce, transport, communication. (references) | |
Human Rights | Angola | Poor communication between the various authorities also leads to prolonged detention. (references) |
Korea | Visitors formerly were allowed, but currently any form of communication with detainees is said to be prohibited. (references) | |
Kuwait | Several organizations conduct fieldwork and report excellent communication with and reasonable cooperation from the Government. (references) | |
Minorities | Tajikistan | In practice Russian is the language of interethnic communication and is used widely in government. (references) |
Moldova | Moldovan/Romanian was declared at independence to be the state language; however, Russian has been designated as a language for interethnic communication. (references) | |
Uzbekistan | The law originally required that Uzbek would be the sole method of official communication by 1998, but subsequently was modified to remove a specific date. (references) | |
Political Economy | Nigeria | Most leading business executives appear to develop individual channels of communication with the relevant government actors. (references) |
Moldova | Another venue for improved business-to-business communication is the Trade and Industry Chamber of Moldova that unites about 800 members. (references) | |
Burkina Faso | Frequent drought and limited communication and transportation infrastructures, in addition to a 77 percent illiteracy rate, are longstanding problems. (references) | |
Political Rights | Dominica | Douglas died in office in October 2000, and the former Minister of Communication and Works, Pierre Charles, became the Prime Minister. (references) |
Saudi Arabia | Communication between citizens and the Government usually is expressed through client-patron relationships and by affinity groups such as tribes, families, and professional hierarchies. (references) | |
Liechtenstein | One of the 5 members of the Cabinet--the Minister for Education, Transport and Communication, and Justice--is female, and 3 other women were elected to the 25-member Parliament in February. (references) | |
Trade | Pakistan | Customs allows Pakistani exporters to replace the exported goods found defective during the warranty period subject to furnishing of a copy of contract and a communication from a buyer giving the details of the goods that have been found defective. (references) |
Mexico | Another key document is the regulations to the Federal Law of Metrology published on January 14, 1999. Poorly drafted regulations and inadequate communication between enforcement agencies, such as Customs, have occasionally led to trade disruptions. (references) | |
India | This is achieved by lending funds to projects involving agriculture, energy, industry, transportation, and communication, as well as for social infrastructure projects such as water supply, sewage, and sanitation, education, health and urban development. (references) | |
Travel | Spain | Initial communication by phone or fax is far less effective than a personal meeting. (references) |
Dominican Rep | Most Dominican businesspeople speak English, but communication in Spanish is desirable. (references) | |
Azerbaijan | Cellular communication services are available from two cellular providers: Azercell and Bakcell. (references) | |
Women | Azerbaijan | The SDWR provides speech and communication training for women from all political parties. (references) |
Worker Rights | Belgium | An interdepartmental committee provides coordination and communication between the various agencies and ministries involved in combating trafficking. (references) |
Oman | The law does not provide for the right to collective bargaining; however, it requires that employers of more than 50 workers form a joint labor-management committee as a communication forum between the two groups. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Dennis Miller | The telephone, once one of the most useful inventions for man, has now become a communication curse for mankind. |
Lisa French | I liked Terry. Terry was very reserved. He was very quiet. He just did not have very strong communication skills. So sometimes he was kind of hard to talk to for me. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
John Adams | 1797-1801 | That communication will confirm the ultimate failure of the measures which have been taken by the Government of the United States toward an amicable adjustment of differences with that power. |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | Some others of less moment or not yet ready for communication will be the subject of separate messages. |
James Madison | 1809-1817 | In closing this communication I ought not to repress a sensibility, in which you will unite, to the happy lot of our country and to the goodness of a superintending Providence, to which we are indebted for it. |
James Monroe | 1817-1825 | Access to those works by every practicable communication should be made easy and in every direction. |
John Quincy Adams | 1825-1829 | On the survey of the Muscle Shoals, in the Tennessee River, and for a route for a contemplated communication between the Hiwassee and Coosa rivers, in the State of Alabama. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | Few changes have taken place in our connections with the independent States of America since my last communication to Congress. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | Advances in science, in communication, in transportation, have compressed the world into a community. |
Richard Nixon | 1969-1974 | Let all nations know that during this administration our lines of communication will be open. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | With shared values and meaningful opportunities and honest communication and citizen service, we can unite a diverse people in freedom and mutual respect. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Communication" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Communication" is used about 6,103 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 6,103 | 1,597 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "communication": adaptive Communication Environment ♦ advanced Communication Function/Network Control Program ♦ advanced communication function/virtual terminal access method ♦ advanced data communication control procedure ♦ aftn communication center ♦ air communication ♦ alternative means of communication ♦ Animal Communication ♦ anomalous communication ♦ area communication center ♦ auditory communication ♦ Autocrine Communication ♦ business communication ♦ business communication system ♦ Cambridge digital communication ring ♦ Cell Communication ♦ chief communication officer ♦ common Communication Services ♦ Communication Aids for Disabled ♦ Communication Barriers ♦ communication breakdown ♦ communication channel ♦ communication code ♦ communication contact ♦ communication control unit ♦ communication cord ♦ Communication Disorders ♦ communication entities ♦ communication equipment ♦ communication failure ♦ communication gap ♦ communication line ♦ communication line adapter ♦ communication line adapter for teletype ♦ communication medium ♦ communication net ♦ communication network ♦ communication officer ♦ communication problem ♦ Communication Protocol ♦ communication route ♦ communication satellite ♦ communication science ♦ communication service ♦ communication skill ♦ communication skills ♦ communication structures ♦ communication studies ♦ communication Style ♦ communication system ♦ communication theory ♦ communication trench ♦ communication zone ♦ communities of communication ♦ Computer Communication Networks ♦ computer Mediated Communication ♦ confidential communication ♦ data communication ♦ data communication equipment ♦ Defense Communication Agency ♦ digital communication ♦ digital communication service at 1800 MHz ♦ direct communication ♦ distress communication ♦ electronic communication ♦ emergency communication ♦ Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems ♦ Facilitated communication ♦ ground wave communication ♦ Hospital Communication Systems ♦ information and Communication Technology ♦ interprocessor communication ♦ interprocessor communication protocol ♦ interstellar communication ♦ linguistic communication ♦ Manual Communication ♦ mass communication ♦ mass communication media ♦ means of communication ♦ merchant ship communication system ♦ Metropolitan Area Communication System ♦ Nonverbal Communication ♦ oral communication ♦ Paracrine Communication ♦ paralinguistic communication ♦ personal Communication Network ♦ personal communication services ♦ personal communication system ♦ Persuasive Communication ♦ phatic communication ♦ privileged communication ♦ psychic communication ♦ psychical communication ♦ radiating cable communication system ♦ radio communication ♦ reliable communication ♦ remote communication terminal ♦ remote Spooling Communication Subsystem ♦ safety communication ♦ signal communication ♦ sky wave communication. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "communication": communication-handicapped, communication-oriented, communication-training, communication-wise. | |
Ending with "communication": non-communication. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "communication"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | kennisgewing (account, advice, announcement, information, message, notice, report), berig (account, advice, announcement, information, message, notice, report), bekendmaking (advice, announcement, message, notice, proclamation, report). (various references) | |
Albanian | transmetim (broadcast, movement, remove, shift, translation, transmission), mjet komunikimi, lidhje (affinity, alliance, bandage, bearing, binding, bond, bracer, bracing, catena, confederate, confederation, conjunction, connection, connexion, contact, cord, coupling, dressing, federation, join, joining, joint, knot, league, ligament, ligature, link, link up, linkage, nexus, rapport, regard, relation, relevance, relevancy, respect, seam, signalling, tap, tie, tie up, truss, tying), let毛r (epistle, Favor, favour, letter, message, paper), lajme (tidings), komunikim (intercommunication, intercourse, notice, touch), komunikat毛 (communique). (various references) | |
Arabic | 鈥徺嗁傎 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲, 鈥徺堌池ж 丕賱廿鬲氐丕賱 毓賲賵賲丕, 鈥徹ㄘж 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 (intelligence), 鈥徹ㄘж 丕賱丌乇丕亍 (compare, discuss), 鈥徹蒂勜 (connection, connexion, copula, link, linkage, rapport, reference, relation, relationship, tie, touch), 鈥徹ヘ地з勜ж (connecting, connection, connexion, intercourse, relations, telecommunication), 鈥徹必池з勜 卮賮賵賷丞 (verbal message), 鈥徹簇ㄙ冐 鬲賱賷賮賵賳賷丞, 鈥徹簇ㄙ冐 胤乇賯 (network). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | 褋褗芯斜褖械薪懈械 (advertisement, intimation, knowledge, message, notice, notification, report, transmission, word), 褋褗芯斜褖邪胁邪薪械 (annunciation), 褋褗芯斜褖懈褌械谢械薪 (communicant, communicative), 褋胁褗褉蟹胁邪薪械 (association, concatenation, conjunction, connection, connexion, coordination, copulation, coupling, gathering, join, joining, joint, junction, juncture, linkage), 胁褉褗蟹泻邪 (alliance, association, bond, bunch, cement, channel, concatenation, connection, connexion, contact, copula, cord, coupler, intercommunication, lace, leverage, liaison, ligament, ligature, link, nexus, noose, overlay, point, reference, regard, relation, relationship, relevance, relevancy, string, tie, touch), 芯斜褖褍胁邪薪械 (association, communion, companionship, connection, conversation, converse, fraternization, intercommunication, intercourse, society, touch), 锌褉械写邪胁邪薪械 薪邪 懈薪褎芯褉屑邪褑懈褟. (various references) | |
Chinese | 閫氫俊 (Communicate, Communicated, Communicating), 鑱怠 (contact, get in touch with), 浜ら殯 (social intercourse), 浜ら (traffic). (various references) | |
Czech | zpr谩va (account, advice, call, despatch, dispatch, intimation, item, message, news, notice, report, statement, tidings, word), spojen铆 (combination, concatenation, conjunction, connection, connexion, contact, joint, junction, juncture, liaison, link, rapport, relation, union), sd矛len铆, p艡en谩拧en铆, kontakt (contact), komunikace (communications), dorozum铆v谩n铆. (various references) | |
Danish | beretning (account, bulletin, errand, information, message, record, report). (various references) | |
Dutch | communiqu茅. (various references) | |
Esperanto | sciigo (advice, announcement, message, notice, report), komuniko, komunika牡o. (various references) | |
Faeroese | kunnger冒 (advice, announcement, message, notice, report). (various references) | |
Finnish | tiedotus (announcement, notice, notification, report). (various references) | |
French | communication (connection, contributed paper, contribution, telegraph connection, track connection). (various references) | |
German | kommunikation (communicating, comunicating, comunication), verkehr (business, circulation, commerce, company, contact, intercourse, service, trade, traffic, transport, transportation), Nachrichtenwesen (communications), mitteilung (account, advice, announcement, impartation, information, memo, memorandum, message, notice, notification, report, statement), Meldung (account, announcement, enlistment, enrollment, entry, item, message, notification, record, report, status signal), Bekanntmachung (advice, announcement, broadcasting, bulletin, circularization, disclosure, message, notice, proclamation, publication, publicizing, report). (various references) | |
Greek | 蔚蟺喂魏慰喂谓蠅谓委伪 (commune, communion, intercourse, liaison, rapport). (various references) | |
Hebrew | 诪住讬专讛 (conveyance, delivery, handing, pass, transmission), 转砖讚讜专转 (broadcast, despatch, dispatch, message), 转拽砖讜专转, 转讞讘讜专讛 (traffic, transport), 拽砖专 (bond, connection, converse, knot, liaison, link, linkage, linking, loop, nexus, node, noose, relation, relationship, tie), 讛注讘专讛 (conveyance, passing, removal, shift, transference). (various references) | |
Hungarian | kommunik谩ci贸, 茅rintkez茅s (commerce, connection, contact, converse, intercourse, junction, liaison, osculation, relations, tangency). (various references) | |
Icelandic | ney冒arheimill (communication-cord). (various references) | |
Indonesian | pemberitaan (news release, notification), komunikasi, hubungan (bearing, connection, contact, intercourse, joint, liaison, relation). (various references) | |
Italian | comunicazione (announcement, line, memorandum, message, note, report), comunicato (advice, announcement, bulletin, communique, message, notice, report), annunzio (advice, announcement, message, notice, report). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 閫ｇ怠 (connection, coordination, junction). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | 銇с倱銇熴仱 (delivery, transmission), 銇с倱銇濄亞 (circulation, delivering a message to the emperor, delivery, diffusion, dissemination, facsimile transmission, propagation, transmission), 銇ゃ亞銇椼倱 (correspondence, heartache, news, signal, worry), 銇撱亞銇ゃ亞 (doing well, intercourse, prosperous, traffic, transportation), 銈屻倱銈夈亸 (connection, contact, coordination, junction), 銈炽儫銉ャ儖銈便兗銈枫儳銉 , 銇︺倱 (biography, celebration, ceremony, comment, cultivated rice field, dot, establishment, heaven, law code, legend, life, mark, point, shop, sky, spot, store, tradition). (various references) | |
Korean | 鞝勲嫭 (transmitting). (various references) | |
Manx | eddyr-rheynn. (various references) | |
Norwegian | n酶dbremse (communication-cord). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ommunicationcay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | comunica莽茫o (conveyance, errand, intercourse, intimation, message, notice, notification, rapport, touch). (various references) | |
Romanian | comunicare (connection, dissertation, intercourse, intimation, relation, report), comunica牛ie (connection, intercourse), circula牛ie (circulation, determination, movement, running, traffic), trafic (traffic), mijloc de comunica牛ie (intermedium), informa牛ie (datum, dope, griffin, intelligence, knowledge, learning, piece of information, reference), adres茫 (address, destination, direction, residence). (various references) | |
Russian | 褋胁褟蟹褜 (affair, band, bandage, binding, brace, catena, cement, coherence, coherency, communications, connection, connexion, context, coupling, intercommunication, intercourse, joint, junction, juncture, liaison, ligament, ligature, link, linkage, nexus, rapport, relation, relations, relationship, relationships, signalling, stay). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | veza (bond, bracing, bunch, clip, connection, contact, copula, fastener, fastening, liaison, ligament, link, nexus, rapport, relation, stay, tie, touch, union), saop拧tenje (report), saobra膰aj (traffic, transportation), komunikacija (lines of communications). (various references) | |
Spanish | noticia (account, advice, announcement, item, message, news, news item, notice, piece of news, report, word), comunicaci贸n (announcement, connection, message), communicaci贸n (account). (various references) | |
Swedish | kommunikation, skrivelse (letter, missive, precept, writ), meddelande (ad, advertisement, announcement, information, memorandum, message, news, notice). (various references) | |
Turkish | yayma (circulation, diffusion, dissemination, dissipation, distribution, divulgation, divulgement, divulgence, emission, evolution, laying, promulgation, propagation, spreading, suffusion), ula艧谋m, temas (contact, contiguity, feel, touch), tebli臒 (communique, edict, manifesto, notification, rescript, service), nakletme (recitation, transferring, transplantation, transporting), mesaj (dispatch, message, purpose), kominikasyon, irtibat (concern, connection, liaison), ileti艧im (channel, touch, transmission, transport and communication), haberle艧me (correspondence, intercommunication), haber (announcement, datum, Gen, Griff, griffin, info, information, item, knowledge, message, news, report, tidings, word), b铆ld铆r铆, ba臒lant谋 (channel, commitment, concern, connecting, connection, connexion, contact, contact man, coordination, coupling, dealings, header, hookup, intercourse, liaison, link, linkage, linkup, noose, relation, tap, tie, tie in, tie up). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | 褋锌芯谢褍褔械薪薪褟 (bandage, conjugation, connection, connexion, intercommunication, juncture), 泻芯屑褍薪褨泻邪褑褨褟, 蟹胁'褟蟹芯泻 (association, bonding, bracer, catena, chain, coherence, conjunction, connection, connexion, contact, join, liaison, ligament, ligature, link, nexus, pertinence, pertinency, rapport, relationship, thread, tie), 锌芯胁褨写芯屑谢械薪薪褟 (advice, announcement, conveyance, item, message, note, notice, notification). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | tin t峄ヽ truy峄乶 膽岷, th么ng b谩o s峄 giao thi峄噋, s峄 truy峄乶 膽岷 (impartation, impartment), s峄 th么ng tri, s峄 th么ng tin, s峄 li锚n l岷 s峄 giao th么ng. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | nuntia, nuntii, nuntiis, nuntio, nuntiorum, nuntium. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Matthew Chapter 5, Verse 37 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Estw de o logoV umwn nai nai ou ou to de perisson toutwn ek tou ponhrou estin |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Sit autem sermo vester est est non non quod autem his abundantius est a malo est |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | So冒lice sye eowre spr忙ce. hyt is.hit is. hyt nis. hyt nys. So冒lice gyf 镁忙rmare beo冒. 镁忙t beo冒 of yfele. |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | But be youre word, Yhe, yhe; Nay, nay; and that that is more than these, is of yuel. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | But your comunicacion shalbe ye ye: nay nay. For whatsoeuer is more then yt cometh of yvell. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | But let your communication be, Yea, yea; Nay, nay: for whatsoever is more than these cometh of evil. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | But let your communication be, Yea, yea, Nay, nay: for whatever is more than these cometh of evil. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | But let your words be simply, Yes or No: and whatever is more than these is of the Evil One. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Matthew Chapter 5, Verse 37 |
| Chinese | 浣 鍊 鐨 瑭 銆 鏄 銆 灏 瑾 鏄 锛 涓 鏄 銆 灏 瑾 涓 鏄 锛 鑻 鍐 澶 瑾 銆 灏 鏄 鍑 鏂 閭 鎯 鑰 銆 銆 鎴 浣 鏄 寰 鎯 瑁 鍑 渚 鐨 銆 |
| Croatian | Va拧a rije猫 neka bude: 'Da, da, - ne, ne!' 艩to je vi拧e od toga, od Zloga je." |
| Danish | Men eders Tale skal v忙re ja, ja, nej, nej; hvad der er ud over dette, er af det onde. |
| Dutch | Maar laat zijn uw woord ja, ja; neen, neen; wat boven deze is, dat is uit den boze. |
| Finnish | vaan olkoon teid盲n puheenne: `On, on`, tahi: `ei, ei`. Mit盲 siihen lis盲t盲盲n, se on pahasta. |
| French | Que votre parole soit oui, oui, non, non; ce qu`on y ajoute vient du malin. |
| German | Eure Rede aber sei: Ja, ja; nein, nein. Was dar眉ber ist, das ist vom 脺bel. |
| Haitian Creole | Men, l猫 w'ap pale se wi ak non pou ou genyen ase. Tou sa ou mete an plis, se nan Satan sa soti. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Katakan saja 'Ya' atau 'Tidak' --lebih dari itu datangnya dari si Iblis." |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | melainkan padalah perkataanmu dengan berkata: Ya, di atas yang ya, atau tidak, di atas yang tidak; lebih daripada itu jahat. |
| Latvian | Bet j没su runai j芒b没t: j芒, j芒! n莽, n莽! Kas vair芒k par to, ir no 茂auna. |
| Manx Gaelic | Agh lhig da'n ghlare eu ve, She, she, Cha nee, cha nee: son cre-erbee ta harrish shoh, te cheet veih yn olk. |
| Maori | Erangi ko tenei hei kupu ma koutou, Ae, ae; Kahore, kahore: no te mea ki te maha atu i ena, no te kino. |
| Norwegian | Men eders tale skal v忙re ja, ja, nei, nei; det som er mere enn dette, er av det onde. |
| Portuguese | Seja, por茅m, o vosso falar: Sim, sim; n茫o, n茫o; pois o que passa da铆, vem do Maligno. |
| Rumanian | Felul vostru de vorbire sq fie: ,,Da, da; nu, nu``; ce trece peste aceste cuvinte, vine dela cel rqu. |
| Russian | 芯袩 袛袘 袙啸袛袝肖 校袦袩效袩 效袘蝎袝: 袛袘, 袛袘; 袨袝肖, 袨袝肖; 袘 挟肖袩 校效袝孝袠 鞋肖袩袟袩, 肖袩 袩肖 袦啸袥袘效袩袟袩. |
| Shuar | Tura Wisha T谩jarme: Ayatik "Ee" T谩kumka tura "Ats谩" T谩kumka W谩itrutsuk nuke Titi谩. T谩mena nu nekas umiktaj takum ame N煤 arant pachistiniaitkiumka nuka yajauchiiti, iwianchnumiaiti. Ti nekas tajai tusam nayaim pachischatniuitme. Nuka Uunt Yus pujutainti. Nunkasha pachischatniuiti Yusa tarimtairi asamtai. Jerusaren p茅prusha pachischatniuiti Uunt Akupin pujutai nui asamtai. M煤ukmesha pachischatniuitme. Chikichik intiashkesha P煤jusha mukusasha awajsachminiaitme. Ayatik nekasa nu P谩chitsuk Titi谩.' |
| Spanish | Pero sea vuestro hablar, 's铆', 's铆', y 'no', 'no'. Porque lo que va m谩s all谩 de esto, procede del mal. |
| Swahili | Ukisema, `Ndiyo`, basi iwe `Ndiyo`; ukisema `Siyo`, basi iwe kweli `Siyo`. Chochote kinachozidi hayo hutoka kwa yule Mwovu. |
| Swedish | utan s氓dant skall edert tal vara, att ja 盲r ja, och nej 盲r nej. Vad d盲rut枚ver 盲r, det 盲r av ondo. |
| Uma | Ane patuju-ta mpo'uli' io', uli' -mi `Io'.' Ane patuju-ta mpo'uli' uma, uli' wo'o `Uma.' Uma-hana lompe' ane taperohoi lolita-ta hante mosumpa, apa' kehi to hewa toe mehupa' ngkai Magau' Anudaa'. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "communication": communicational, communications. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "communication": excommunication, intercommunication, miscommunication, noncommunication, overcommunication, telecommunication. (additional references) | |
Words containing "communication": excommunications, intercommunications, miscommunications, noncommunications, overcommunications, telecommunications. (additional references) | |
| |
"Communication" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: cmmunication, communcation, communicatio, communiction, communisation, communiucation, commutication, comunication, kommunication, mis. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "communication" (pronounced kumyuw'nukā"shun) |
| 12 | k u m y uw' n u k ā" sh u n | excommunication, miscommunication. |
| 6 | -u k ā" sh u n | falsification, acidification, adjudication, advocation, allocation, amplification, application, authentication, avocation, certification, classification, codification, complication, convocation, decertification, dedication, deification, desiccation, disqualification, diversification, domestication, duplication, edification, education, equivocation, eradication, explication, fortification, gasification, gratification, identification, implication, indication, intensification, intoxication, invocation, magnification, medication, misallocation, misapplication, modification, multiplication, notification, nullification, ossification, pacification, personification, pontification, prefabrication, prognostication, provocation, purification, qualification, quantification, ramification, ratification, reallocation, recertification, reclassification, rectification, rededication, replication, reunification, revocation, sanctification, saponification, suffocation, unification, verification, vilification, vindication. |
| 5 | -k ā" sh u n | abdication, altercation, bifurcation, clarification, confiscation, demarcation, detoxication, detoxification, disembarkation, dislocation, echolocation, electrification, embarkation, evocation, fabrication, gentrification, glorification, indemnification, justification, location, lubrication, misidentification, mummification, obfuscation, publication, relocation, simplification, sophistication, specification, syndication, telecommunication, vacation, vocation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | facilitation, fascination, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, abbreviation, aberration, abomination, accreditation, accumulation, accusation, activation, adaptation, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, alphabetization, alteration, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authorization, automation, aviation, balkanization, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, cessation, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, coagulation, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communization, compensation, compilation, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, divination, documentation, domination, donation, dramatization, duration, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equitation, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, exploitation, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gastrulation, generalization, generation, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, gradation, graduation, granulation, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indentation, indexation, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, machination, magnetization, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscreation, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modulation, molestation, monopolization, motivation, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, nucleation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, popularization, population, precipitation, predestination, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, punctuation, quotation, radiation, radicalization, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recitation, reclamation, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, recuperation, redecoration, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanitation, saturation, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, specialization, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, summation, superstation, tabulation, taxation, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, ventilation, vibration, victimization, violation, visitation, visualization, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | faction, fashion, fiction, fission, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, abduction, abolition, abortion, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-c-i-i-m-m-n-n-o-o-t-u" | |
-2 letters: commination, comminution, communicant. | |
-3 letters: ammunition. | |
-4 letters: ammonitic, antinomic, autonomic, communion, incaution, monatomic, nonatomic. | |
-5 letters: aconitic, aconitum, actinium, amnionic, amniotic, cationic, cinnamic, coaction, cocoanut, conation, continua, continuo, countian, inaction, mannitic, monition, mountain, munition, uncommon. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-c-i-i-m-m-n-n-o-o-t-u" | |
+1 letter: communications. | |
+2 letters: communicational, excommunication. | |
+3 letters: excommunications, miscommunication, noncommunicating, noncommunication, noncommunicative. | |
+4 letters: miscommunications, noncommunications, overcommunicating, overcommunication, telecommunication. | |
+5 letters: intercommunication, overcommunications, telecommunications. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Historic 12. Quotations: Fiction | 13. Quotations: Non-fiction 14. Quotations: Spoken 15. Quotations: Speeches 16. Usage Frequency | 17. Names: Company Usage 18. Expressions 19. Expressions: Internet 20. Translations: Modern | 21. Translations: Ancient 22. Bible Trace 23. Abbreviations 24. Acronyms | 25. Derivations 26. Rhymes 27. Anagrams 28. Bibliography |
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