Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Definition: Clerk |
ClerkNoun1. An employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts). 2. A salesperson in a store. Verb1. Work as a clerk, as in the legal business. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "clerk" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Law | A person employed in a public office, or as an officer of a court, whose duty is to keep records or accounts. Source: European Union. (references) |
Literature | Clerk A scholar. Hence, beau-clerc. (See above, Clerical Titles .) "All the clerks, I mean the learned ones, in Christian kingdoms, Have their free voices." Shakespeare: Henry VIII., ii. 2. St. Nicholas's Clerks. Thieves. An equivoque on the word Nick. "I think there came prancing down the hill a couple of St. Nicholas's clerks."- Rowley: Match at Midnight, 1633. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Synonyms: ClerkSynonyms: salesclerk (n), shop clerk (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Auxiliary | Aide-de-camp, secretary, clerk, associate, marshal; right-hand, right-hand man, Friday, girl Friday, man Friday, gopher, gofer; candle-holder, bottle-holder; handmaid; servant; puppet, cat's-paw, jackal. |
Clergy | Churchwarden, sidesman; clerk, precentor, choir; almoner, suisse, verger, beadle, sexton, sacristan; acolyth, acolothyst, acolyte, altar boy; chorister. |
Consignee | Functionary, placeman, curator; treasurer; factor, bailiff, clerk, secretary, attorney, advocate, solicitor, proctor, broker, underwriter, commission agent, auctioneer, one's man of business; factotum; (director); caretaker; dalal, dubash, garnishee, gomashta. |
Director | Secretary, secretary of state; Reis Effendi; vicar; (deputy); steward, factor; agent; bailiff, middleman; foreman, clerk of works; landreeve; factotum, major-domo, seneschal, housekeeper, shepherd, croupier; proctor, procurator. |
Learner | Noun: learner, scholar, student, pupil; apprentice, prentice, journeyman; articled clerk; beginner, tyro, amateur, rank amateur; abecedarian, alphabetarian; alumnus, eleve. |
Recorder | Noun: recorder, notary, clerk; registrar, registrary, register; prothonotary; amanuensis, secretary, scribe, babu, remembrancer, bookkeeper, custos rotulorum, Master of the Rolls. |
Scholar | Noun: scholar, connoisseur, savant, pundit, schoolman, professor, graduate, wrangler; academician, academist; master of arts, doctor, gownsman; philosopher, master of math; scientist, clerk; sophist, sophister; linguist; glossolinguist, philologist; philologer; lexicographer, glossographer; grammarian; litterateur, literati, dilettanti, illuminati, cogniscenti; fellow, Hebraist, lexicologist, mullah, munshi, Sanskritish; sinologist, sinologue; Mezzofanti, admirable Crichton, Mecaenas. |
Servant | Secretary; under secretary, assistant secretary; clerk; subsidiary; agent; subaltern; underling, understrapper; man. |
Writing | Writer, scribe, amanuensis, scrivener, secretary, clerk, penman, copyist, transcriber, quill driver; stenographer, typewriter, typist; writer for the press; (author). |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | On a lighter note, a Kwik-E-Mart clerk was brutally murdered last night (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) He's a patent clerk, and I think mister Einstein has some very good ideas (The Time Machine; writing credit: H.G. Wells; David Duncan) Shipping clerk comes home, finds missus with boarder (Design for Living; writing credit: Noel Coward; Ben Hecht) | |
Movie/TV Titles | The Clerk (1958) Clerk (1989) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
![]() | Fanny Bindon Bailey Clerk in C&GS office. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. | ![]() | Airman Rhea Lora, 1st Supply Squadron receiving clerk. |
![]() | Halftone photograph of a group of the ship's officers, taken in May-June 1898 while in passage from Honolulu to Guam. Those present include: Seated at right, left to right: Lieutenant (Junior Grade) George R. Slocum Assistant Engineer James B. Henry, jr. Standing, left to right: Ensign William A. Moffett Assistant Engineer Charles L. Leiper Paymaster James S. Phillips Surgeon Henry T. Percy Pay Clerk Phillips (or Middleton?) Assistant Engineer Albert W. Marshall Lieutenant Commander Gottfried Blocklinger Passed Assistant Engineer Josiah S. McKean Passed Assistant Surgeon Ammen Farenholt Ensign Waldo Evans Second Lieutenant John T. Myers, USMC. Credit: NAVY. | ![]() | Montage featuring a painting of the ship (by De Simone, Naples, 1878) and views of four officers who served in her in 1864-1865. The officers are (clockwise from upper right): Lieutenant Roswell H. Lamson., Commanding Officer; Henry S. Hutchings, Paymaster's Clerk; Acting Master's Mate H.J. ("I" ?) Derbyshire; and Acting 3rd Assistant Engineer Enoch B. Carter (probably -- there is no Engineer named "William Carter" in contemporary Navy Registers). Credit: NAVY. |
![]() | Gertie. Gertie gazing into store with cat and sign "to rent" then holding rental office clerk at gunpoint to get cat out. Credit: Library of Congress. | ![]() | Captain, mate, & clerk. Credit: Library of Congress. |
![]() | Tanforan (Calif.) Assembly Center -- Evacuees who were citizens retained right to vote--Photo shows City Clerk Ralph E. Woodman of San Bruno, California, municipality nearest to Center, accepting absentee ballots for State election from evacuees. Credit: Library of Congress. | ![]() | Two cartoons: one showing clerk saying, "I am very sorry, but my orders are ...", and tourist saying, "Yesh, yesh, I know all about your orders; but how voz it dot you knowed i wozn't a Ghristian?" ; the other An Oirish opinion, showing Irish woman saying. Credit: Library of Congress. |
![]() | Chief clerk Green, Construction Department. Credit: Library of Congress. | ![]() | John M. Swadall, Chief Clerk of War Department. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | A clerk shall not be amerced in respect of his lay holding except after the manner of the others aforesaid; further, he shall not be amerced in accordance with the extent of his ecclesiastical benefice. (reference) |
Marbury v. Madison | 1803 | At the last term on the affidavits then read and filed with the clerk, a rule was granted in this case, requiring the Secretary of State [note: i.e., James Madison] to show cause why a mandamus should not issue, directing him to deliver to William Marbury his commission as a justice of the peace for the county of Washington, in the district of Columbia. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
A Christmas Carol | Dickens, Charles | The clerk in the tank involuntarily applauded |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Every Monday Marius sent to the clerk of La Force five francs for Thenardier |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | The clerk thought, I get fifteen dollars a week |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Civil Liberties | Sri Lanka | The Muslim community protested alleged police inaction concerning the assault on a Muslim store clerk. (references) |
Barbados | Police, some in riot gear and on horseback, arrested a clerk, eight law students from across the Caribbean, and a law lecturer, Dr. Rose-Marie Antoine (the wife of St. Lucia's Prime Minister). (references) | |
Economic History | Romania | The vast majority of bribes were paid to attorneys, who act as intermediaries, rather than directly to a judge or clerk. (references) |
Human Rights | Tanzania | In June the authorities arrested a magistrate and court clerk in Mtwara for corruption. (references) |
Ecuador | For example, on February 13, members of the National Police and the Air Force Combat Command in Guayaquil accused warehouse clerk Jose Ramires of theft. (references) | |
Guatemala | In 1999 the Supreme Court extended the administrative model of the justice centers to include the criminal courts in the capital by creating a new Clerk of Court office, which has streamlined the processing of cases, increased transparency, and improved customer service. (references) | |
Women | Cameroon | While the law gives a woman the freedom to organize her own business, the law allows a husband to end his wife's commercial activity by notifying the clerk of the commerce tribunal of his opposition based upon the family's interest. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Clerk" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 91.72% of the time. "Clerk" is used about 1,629 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 91.72% | 1,494 | 5,447 |
| Noun (proper) | 6.38% | 104 | 31,955 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 1.66% | 27 | 66,962 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 0.18% | 3 | 202,518 |
| Noun (common) | 0.06% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,629 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "clerk" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Clerk | Last name | 1,000 | 16,999 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
Expressions using "clerk": accounting clerk ♦ articled clerk ♦ bank clerk ♦ booking clerk ♦ bookkeeping clerk ♦ chief clerk of a bank department ♦ clerk in holy orders ♦ Clerk of the pells ♦ clerk of the privy seal ♦ company clerk ♦ confidential clerk ♦ correspondent clerk ♦ counter clerk ♦ court clerk ♦ desk clerk ♦ despatch clerk ♦ dispatch clerk ♦ Entry clerk ♦ file clerk ♦ filing clerk ♦ hotel clerk ♦ hotel desk clerk ♦ James Clerk Maxwell ♦ junior clerk ♦ law clerk ♦ lay clerk ♦ Lord justice clerk ♦ mail clerk ♦ managing clerk ♦ nixie clerk ♦ parish clerk ♦ pay clerk ♦ postal clerk ♦ reception clerk ♦ reporting clerk ♦ riding clerk ♦ room clerk ♦ sales clerk ♦ shipping clerk ♦ shire clerk ♦ shop clerk ♦ tally clerk ♦ ticket clerk ♦ toolroom clerk ♦ town clerk ♦ vestry clerk ♦ wages clerk ♦ warehouse clerk. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "clerk": Clerk-ale, clerk-assistant, clerk-cum-clerk, clerk-cum-what-have-you, Clerk-douglas, Clerk-in-charge, clerk-level, clerk-receptionist. | |
Ending with "clerk": Justice-clerk. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "clerk"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | kantoorklerk. (various references) | |
Albanian | teknik (engineer, engineering, technical, technician), shkrues (scribe), shitës (merchant, monger, salesclerk, salesman, seller, shop assistant, trader, tradesman, trafficker, vender, vendor), sekretar gjyqi (recorder), sekretar (actuary, amanuensis, draftsman, draughtsman, receptionist, scribe, secretary), punonjës zyre, nëpunës (employe, employee). (various references) | |
Arabic | كاتب (author, penman, scribe, writer), موظف (officer), محرر كاتب (editor, scribe), محرر (detached, editor, good riddance, liberate, liberator, redactor, rescuer, writer), نساخ (copyist, scribe), عمل كاتبا, عمل بائعا, البائعة (salesclerk, saleswoman), رجل دين. (various references) | |
Breton | gwerzher (seller, store clerk). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | секретар (actuary, amanuensis, officer, recorder, registrar, scribe, secretary, writer), служител в хотел, чиновник (agent, office bearer, officer, official, white collar worker), банков служител, писар (recorder, writer). (various references) | |
Catalan | dependent (saleswoman). (various references) | |
Chamorro | eskribiente. (various references) | |
Chinese | 營業" (shop assistant), 書記 (secretary), 干事. (various references) | |
Czech | úředník (officer, official), úøedník. (various references) | |
Danish | kontorist. (various references) | |
Dutch | kantoorbediende (officer, official), bediende (attendant, servant). (various references) | |
Esperanto | komizo. (various references) | |
Estonian | müüja (store clerk). (various references) | |
Farsi | فروشنده مغازه (Salesclerk), منشی (Actuary, Characteristic, Scribe, Secretary), کارمنددفتری , دفتردار. (various references) | |
Finnish | konttoristi, konttoriapulainen (office employee), kirjuri. (various references) | |
Flemish | bediende (receptionist, store clerk). (various references) | |
French | greffier (court clerk). (various references) | |
French Canadian | guichetier. (various references) | |
German | Büroangestellte (nine-to-fiver, office worker, white collar worker), Schreiber (author, clerks, plotter, recorder, scribbler, scribe, Scrivener, secretary, tachograph, teleprinter, telex, typist, writer, writers, writing implement), Beamte (civil servant, officer, official, officials), Verkäufer (purveyor, sales assistant, sales clerk, salesclerk, salesman, salesperson, seller, sellers, shop assistant, shopman, shopmen, vender, venders, vendor, vendors), schriftführer (secretary), angestellter (employee, staffing), Angestellte (employee, office worker, pier, shipping clerk, staffer, white collar worker). (various references) | |
Greek | clerk, γραμματύασ, γραμματεύσ (scribe), γραφέασ (amanuensis, scribe), υπάλληλοσ (employee, officer), υπάλληλος. (various references) | |
Haitian Creole | komi (store clerk). (various references) | |
Hebrew | לבלר (pen pusher, scribe, secretary), פקי" (functionary, officer, official). (various references) | |
Hungarian | írnok (amanuensis, junior clerk, penman, penmen, scribe, scrivener, staff sergeant, writer), adminisztrátor (administrator, manager), hivatalnok (civil servant, desk, limpet, official), ügyintéző (administrator, official in charge), ügyvédbojtár (barrister in embryo), ügyvédjelölt (barrister in embryo), üzleti elárusító, írástudó (clerkly, literate, pundit, scribe, scripturist), áruházi elárusító, felszentelt pap (clerk in holy orders), tudós ember (bookman, literate), irodai alkalmazott, kántor (cantor, chanter, choir master, chorister), könyvelő (accountant, bookkeeper), kereskedősegéd, lelkész (chaplain, churchman, clergyman, clerical, clerk in holy orders, curate-in-charge, divine, minister, parson, pastor, priest), pap (clergyman, cleric, clerical, clerk in holy orders, ecclesiastic, minister, officiating minister, parson, Poppa, prelate, priest, rector, rev.), egyházi személy (clergyman, clerk in holy orders). (various references) | |
Icelandic | afgreiðslumaður (Store clerk). (various references) | |
Indonesian | pramuniaga, pegawai (crew, employee). (various references) | |
Irish | cléireach, scríbhneoir. (various references) | |
Italian | cancelliere (chancellor, registrar). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 官吏 (government official). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | きょくい" (staff), しょき (anticipated, desire, early, expectation, expected, heat stroke, hope, hoped-for, hot weather, initial, initial stage, secretary, sunstroke), ば"とう (late blooming flowers, late crops, late growing rice, late winter), か"り (control, government official, management, superintendence, supervision), クラーク (Clark), じむい", じむや (office worker), て"い" (employee, salesperson, shop assistant). (various references) | |
Korean | 사무원. (various references) | |
Manx | cleragh (clarkia, cleric, mass-server, scrivener). (various references) | |
Maori | karaka (clock). (various references) | |
Norwegian | kontorist, ekspeditør. (various references) | |
Papiamen | bankero (bank clerk, bank official, banker). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | erkclay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | caixeiro (cashier), balconista (saleslady). (various references) | |
Romanian | copist (copyist, engrosser, law-writer, penman, scribe, Scrivener, transcriber), vânzãtor (retailer, salesclerk, salesman, seller, shopman, vender), slujbaş (employee), secretar (amanuenses, amanuensis, scribe, secretary, writer), procurist (manager), funcţionar (employee, functionary, magistrate, officer, official, servant), amploiat (employee), agent (agency, agent, assignee, broker, courier, factor, go between, means, medium, minister). (various references) | |
Russian | клерк (pen-driver). (various references) | |
Scottish | cléireach (a clerk, writer). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | zapisničar (scorer), trgovački pomoćnik (shopman), sudski pisar (law-writer), službenik (employee, incumbent, office bearer, office holder, official, servant, service book), prodavac (bargainer, merchandiser, monger, peddler, pedlar, salesclerk, salesman, salesperson, seller, shop assistant, vender, vendor), beležnik (notary). (various references) | |
Spanish | empleado (employee, help, officer, official, servant, used), dependiente (dependant, dependent, earring, employee, sales assistant, salesclerk, salesman, salesperson, shop assistant, shopman), oficinista (clerical). (various references) | |
Swahili | karani. (various references) | |
Swedish | tjänsteman (employee, functionary, office bearer, office holder, officer, official), notarie (registrar), kontorist. (various references) | |
Tagalog | klerk. (various references) | |
Turkish | yazmanlık yapmak, yazman (amanuensis, pencil pusher, quill-driver, scribe, script girl, secretary), yazıcı (printer, scribe, Scrivener), tezgahtar, tezgâhtarlık yapmak, tezgâhtar (assistant, counterjumper, counterman, salesclerk, saleslady, salesman, salesperson, saleswoman, shop assistant), resepsiyonist (desk clerk, receptionist), memuru, müdür (administrator, director, gaffer, governor, guv, guvnor, head, intendant, manager, provost, supervisor, vice president, warden), kâtiplik yapmak, kâtip (amanuensis, pencil pusher, quill-driver, scribe, secretary, typist), kâtíp, şef (captain, chef, chief, commander, gaffer, general, guv, guvnor, head, headman, principal, supervisor, taskmaster, top dog). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | секретар (actuary, amanuensis, receptionist, scorekeeper, secretary), чиновник (functionary, office bearer, office holder, officer, official, officiary, placeman), церковний служитель (sidesman), конторський службовець (officeman), клерк, продавщиця (salesclerk, salesgirl, saleslady, saleswoman, shopgirl), продавець (bearer, marketeer, monger, salesclerk, shopman, vendor), працювати канцеляристом. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | người thư ký tu sĩ, giáo sĩ (clergyman, cleric). (various references) | |
Welsh | clerc. (various references) | |
Zulu | umabhalane. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | amanuensis, apparitores, notarius, scriba, scribae, scribam, scribarum, scribas, scribis, superscribam. (various references) |
| Late Latin | 300-700 | clericus. (various references) |
| Medieval Latin | 700-1500 | secretarius. (various references) |
| Old French | 900-1400 | escrivain. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "clerk": clerkdom, clerkdoms, clerked, clerking, clerkish, clerklier, clerkliest, clerkly, clerks, clerkship, clerkships. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "clerk": salesclerk, subclerk. (additional references) | |
Words containing "clerk": salesclerks, subclerks. (additional references) | |
| |
"Clerk" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: bleerk, blerk, Celik, Cerc, ceyrek, Cfer, Cherk, clak, clark, cleak, cleer, Cleere, cler, clerc, clere, clerg, cleri, clerky, clero, clers, clier, clir, clira, clirn, clori, clur, clurk, Cserka, Czersk, kerk, kler, lerk. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "clerk" (pronounced kler"k) |
| 3 | -l er" k | lurk. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "c-e-k-l-r" | |
-1 letter: reck. | |
-2 letters: cel, elk, lek, rec. | |
-3 letters: el, er, re. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-e-k-l-r" | |
+1 letter: calker, clerks, lacker, licker, locker, rackle, relock, ruckle. | |
+2 letters: blacker, blocker, brickle, buckler, cackler, calkers, caulker, clacker, clerked, clerkly, clicker, clinker, clocker, clunker, crackle, crankle, crinkle, earlock, fickler, flicker, freckle, freckly, grackle, hackler, heckler, lackers, lickers, lockers, luckier, mickler, plucker, prickle, relocks, ruckled, ruckles, sculker, slacker, slicker, suckler, tackler, tickler, trickle, truckle. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Historic | 9. Quotations: Fiction 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Usage Frequency 12. Names: Frequency | 13. Expressions 14. Expressions: Internet 15. Translations: Modern 16. Translations: Ancient | 17. Derivations 18. Rhymes 19. Anagrams 20. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.