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Definition: Circular |
CircularAdjective1. Having a circular shape. 2. Shaped like a ring. 3. Marked by or moving in a cycle. Noun1. An advertisement (usually printed on a page or in a leaflet) intended for wide distribution; "he mailed the circular to all subscribers". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "circular" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Business | An announcement, advertisement or directive typically in the form of a printed leaflet intended to be sent to many persons. . Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In Euclidean geometry, a circle is the set of all points in a plane at a fixed distance, called the radius, from a fixed point, called the centre. Circles are simple closed curves, dividing the plane into an interior and exterior. Sometimes the word circle is used to mean the interior, with the circle itself called the circumference. More usually, the circumference means the length of the circle, and the interior of the circle is called a disc.
In an x-y coordinate system, the circle with centre (x0,y0) and radius r is the set of all points (x,y) such that
If the circle is centered at the origin (0,0), then this formula can be simplified to
- (x - x0)2 + (y - y0)2 = r2.
A circle centered at the origin with radius 1 is called a unit circle.
- x2 + y2 = r2.
All circles are similar; as a consequence, a circle's circumference and radius are proportional, as are its area and the square of its radius. The constants of proportionality are 2&pi and π, respectively. In other words:
The formula for the area of a circle can be derived from the formula for the circumference and the formula for the area of a triangle, as follows. Imagine a regular hexagon (six-sided figure) divided into equal triangles, with their apices at the center of the hexagon. The area of the hexagon may be found by the formula for triangle area by adding up the lengths of all the triangle bases (on the exterior of the hexagon), multiplying by the height of the triangles (distance from the middle of the base to the center) and dividing by two. This is an approximation of the area of a circle. Then imagine the same exercise with an octagon (eight-sided figure), and the approximation is a little closer to the area of a circle. As a regular polygon with more and more sides is divided into triangles and the area calculated from this, the area becomes closer and closer to the area of a circle. In the limit, the sum of the bases approaches the circumference 2πr, and the triangles' height approaches the radius r. Multiplying the two and dividing by 2, we get the area π r².
- Length of a circle's circumference = 2 × π × radius
- Area of a circle = π × (radius)2
A line cutting a circle in two places is called a secant, and a line touching the circle in one place is called a tangent. The tangent lines are necessarily perpendicular to the radii, segments connecting the centre to a point on the circle, whose length matches the definition given above. The segment of a secant bound by the circle is called a chord, and the longest chords are those that pass through the centre, called diameters and divided into two radii. The part of a circle cut off by a chord is called a circle segment.
If only (part of) a circle is known, then the circle's center can be constructed as follows: take two chords, construct perpendicular lines on their midpoints, and find the intersection point of those lines.
A part of a circle bound by two radii is called an arc, and the ratio between the length of an arc and the radius defines the angle between the two radii in radians.
Every triangle gives rise to several circles: its circumcircle containing all three vertices, its incircle lying inside the circle and touching all three sides, the three excircles lying outside the triangle and touching one side and the extensions of the other two, and its nine point circle which contains various important points of the triangle. Thales' theorem states that if the three vertices of a triangle lie on a given circle with one side of the triangle being a diameter of the circle, then the angle opposite to that side is a right angle.
Given any three points which do not lie on a line, there exists precisely one circle containing those points (namely the circumcircle of the triangle defined by the points).
A circle is a kind of conic section, with eccentricity zero. In affine geometry all circles and ellipses become (affinely) isomorphic, and in projective geometry the other conic sections join them. In topology all simple closed curves are homeomorphic to circles, and the word circle is often applied to them as a result. The 3-dimensional analog of the circle is the sphere.
Squaring the circle refers to the (impossible) task of constructing, for a given circle, a square of equal area with ruler and compass alone. Tarski's circle-squaring problem, by contrast, is the task of dividing a given circle into finitely many pieces and reassembling those pieces to obtain a square of equal area. Assuming the axiom of choice, this is indeed possible.
Three-dimensional shapes whose cross-sections in some planes are circles include spheres, spheroids, cylinders, and cones.
See also:
- Isoperimetric theorem
- The Circle
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Circle."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In electrodynamics, circular polarization of electromagnetic radiation is polarization such that the tip of the electric field vector at a fixed point in space describes a circle. The magnitude of the electric field vector is constant.A circularly polarized wave may be resolved into two linearly polarized waves in phase quadrature with their planes of polarization at right angles to each other.
Circular polarization may be referred to as "right-hand" or "left-hand," depending on the direction in which the electric field vector rotates.
See polarization for more information.
A previous version of this article came from Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL-STD-188
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Circular polarization."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In mathematics, the trigonometric functions are functions of an angle important when studying triangles and modeling periodic phenomena. They may be defined as ratios of two sides of a right triangle containing the angle, or, more generally, as ratios of coordinates of points on the unit circle, or, more generally still, as infinite series. All three approaches will be presented below.
There are six basic trigonometric functions.
Sine, cosine and tangent are by far the most important. Several relations between these functions are listed on the page about trigonometric identities.
- Sine (sin)
- Cosine (cos)
- Tangent (tan - equivalent to sin / cos)
- Secant (sec - equivalent to 1 / cos)
- Cosecant (csc - equivalent to 1 / sin)
- Cotangent (cot - equivalent to cos / sin)
Right Triangle Definitions
In order to define the trigonometric functions for the angle A, start with an arbitrary right triangle that contains the angle A:
We use the following names for the sides of the triangle:
Then,
- The hypotenuse is the side opposite the right angle, in this case c.
- The opposite side is the side opposite to the angle we are interested in, in this case a.
- The adjacent side is the side that is a leg of the angle, but not the hypotenuse, in this case b.
1). The sine of an angle is the ratio of the length of the opposite side to the length of the hypotenuse. In our case
Note that this ratio does not depend on the particular right triangle chosen, as long as it contains the angle A, since all those triangles are similar.
- sin(A) = opp/hyp = a/c.
A mnemonic commonly used in the UK is "OHMS". This is memorable because it might mean "On Her Majesty's Service", which is stamped on the front of mail sent by the government, or "Opposite over Hypotenuse Means Sine".
2). The cosine of an angle is the ratio of the length of the adjacent side to the length of the hypotenuse. In our case
3). The tangent of an angle is the ratio of the length of the opposite side to the length of the adjacent side. In our case
- cos(A) = adj/hyp = b/c.
One familiar mnemonic to remember these definitions is SOHCAHTOA. It reminds one that "SOH", sin = opposite/hypotenuse,"CAH", cos = adjacent/hypotenuse, and "TOA", tan = opposite/adjacent.
- tan(A) = opp/adj = a/b.
The remaining three functions are best defined using the above three functions.
4). The cosecant csc(A) is the inverse of sin(A), i.e. the ratio of the length of the hypotenuse to the length of the adjacent side:
5). The secant sec(A) is the inverse of cos(A), i.e. the ratio of the length of the hypotenuse to the length of the opposite side:
- csc(A) = hyp/opp = c/a.
6). The cotangent cot(A) is the inverse of tan(A), i.e. the ratio of the length of the adjacent side to the length of the opposite side:
- sec(A) = hyp/adj = c/b.
- cot(A) = adj/opp = b/a.
Computing
The values of the trigonometric functions have been tabulated and can also be computed by calculator. For some simple angles, the values can be computed by hand, as in the following examples:
Suppose we have a right triangle where the two other angles are equal, and therefore = 45 degrees (π/4 radians). Then the length of side b and the length of side a are equal; we can choose a = b= 1. Now, one can determine the sin, cos and tan of an angle of 45 degrees. Using the Pythagorean Theorem, c = √(a2 + b2) = √2. This is illustrated in the following figure:
Therefore,
To determine the trigonometric functions for angles of 60 degrees (π/3 radians) and 30 degrees (π/6 radians), we start with an equilateral triangle of side length 1. All its angles are 60 degrees. By dividing it into two, we obtain a right triangle with 30 and 60 degree angles. For this triangle, the shortest side = 1/2, the next largest side =(√3)/2 and the hypotenuse = 1. This yields
and
Unit Circle Definitions
The six trig functions can also be defined in terms of the unit circle, the circle of radius one centered at the origin. The unit circle definition provides little in the way of practical calculation; indeed it relies on right triangles for most angles. The unit circle definition does, however, permit the definition of the trig functions for all positive and negative arguments, not just for angles between 0 and π/2 radians.
The equation for the unit circle is:
and it looks like this:
In the picture, some common angles, measured in radians, are given. Note that we measure angles positive in the counter clockwise direction and angles negative in the clockwise direction. The coordinates of where a line that makes an angle θ with the positive half of the x-axis intersects the circle are equal to cosθ and sinθ, respectively. The triangle in the graphic reveals the reason: the radius is equal to the hypotenuse and has length 1, sinθ = y/1 and cosθ = x/1. The unit circle can be thought of as a way of looking at an infinite number of triangles by varying the lengths of their legs but keeping the length of their hypotenuses equal to 1.
For angles greater than 2π or less than -2π simply continue to rotate around the circle. In this way, sine and cosine become periodic functions with period 2π:
for any angle θ and any integer k.
Though only sine and cosine were defined directly by the unit circle, the other four trig functions can be defined by
Here is a plot of sine and cosine:
Series definitions
Here, and generally in calculus, it is of utmost importance that all angles are measured in radians. One may then define
These definitions are equivalent to the above given ones because of the theory of Taylor series, and because of the fact that the derivative of sine is cosine and the derivative of cosine is -sine. These definitions are often used as the starting point in a rigorous treatment of analysis since the theory of such infinite series is well known. The differentiability and continuity is then easily established, as is Euler's formula relating the trigonometric functions to the exponential function as well as the most remarkable formula in the world. The series definitions have the additional advantage that they allow to extend the sine and cosine functions for all complex arguments.
Inverse Functions
The trigonometric functions are not monotonic, so their inverses are not unique. The principle inverses are usually defined as:
These functions are each equivalent to an integral:
Note: arcsec also means arcsecond.
Properties and applications
The trigonometric functions, as the name suggests, are of crucial importance in trigonometry, mainly because of the following two results:
The law of sines for an arbitrary triangle states:
It can be proven by dividing the triangle into two right ones and using the above definition of sine. The common number sin(A)/a occurring in the theorem is the reciprocal of the diameter of the circle through the three points A, B and C. The law of sines is useful for computing the lengths of the unknown sides in a triangle if two angles and one side are known. This is a common situation occurring in triangulation, a technique to determine unknown distances by measuring two angles and an accessible enclosed distance.
- sin(A)/a = sin(B)/b = sin(C)/c
If the angle is not contained between the two sides, the triangle may not be unique. Be aware of this ambiguous case of the Sine Law.
The law of cosines is an extension to the Pythagorean Theorem:
Again, this theorem can be proven by dividing the triangle into two right ones. The law of cosines is useful to determine the unknown data of a triangle if two sides and an angle are known.
- c2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab cos(C)
There is also a law of tangents:
The trigonometric functions are also important outside of the study of triangles. They are periodic functions with characteristic wave patterns as graphs, useful for modelling recurring phenomena such as sound or light waves. Every signal can be written as a (typically infinite) sum of sine and cosine functions of different frequencies; this is the basic idea of Fourier analysis.
{x, y} = Σ_n=1→∞
(1/F(n+1)){sin(θF(n)),cos(θF(n))}For a compilation of many relations between the trigonometric functions, see trigonometric identities.
An alternative use for trigonometric functions is to make pretty patterns.
See also:
- Generating trigonometric tables
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Trigonometric function."
Synonyms: CircularSynonyms: annular (adj), annulate (adj), annulated (adj), circinate (adj), ringed (adj), ring-shaped (adj), round (adj), bill (n), broadsheet (n), broadside (n), flier (n), flyer (n), handbill (n), throwaway (n). (additional references) |
| Antonym: square (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Book | Noun: booklet; writing, work, volume, tome, opuscule; tract, tractate; livret; brochure, libretto, handbook, codex, manual, pamphlet, enchiridion, circular, publication; chap book. |
Circularity | Adjective: round, rounded, circular, annular, orbicular; oval, ovate; elliptic, elliptical; egg-shaped; pear-shaped; cycloidal; Noun: spherical. |
Correspondence | Noun: correspondence, letter, epistle, note, billet, post card, missive, circular, favor, billet-doux; chit, chitty, letter card, picture post card; postal, card; despatch; dispatch; bulletin, these presents; rescript, rescription; post; (messenger). |
Credit | Letter of credit, circular note; duplicate; mortgage, lien, debenture, paper credit, floating capital; draft, lettre de creance, securities. |
Curvature | Adjective: curved; Verb: curviform, curvilineal, curvilinear; devex, devious; recurved, recurvous; crump; bowed; Verb: vaulted, hooked; falciform, falcated; semicircular, crescentic; sinusoid, parabolic, paraboloid; luniform, lunular; semilunar, conchoidal; helical, double helical, spiral; kinky; cordiform, cordated; cardioid; heart shaped, bell shaped, boat shaped, crescent shaped, lens shaped, moon shaped, oar shaped, shield shaped, sickle shaped, tongue shaped, pear shaped, fig shaped; kidney-shaped, reniform; lentiform, lenticular; bow-legged; (distorted); oblique; circular. |
Disjunction | Dissection anatomy; decomposition; cutting instrument; (sharpness); buzzsaw, circular saw, rip saw. |
Publication | Circular, circular letter; manifesto, advertisement, ad., placard, bill, affiche, broadside, poster; notice. |
Reasoning, | False reasoning, vicious reasoning, circular reasoning; ignoratio elenchi; post hoc ergo propter hoc; non sequitur, ignotum per ignotius. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Circular |
| English words defined with "circular": Circular cubic, Circular cubics. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "circular": circular arch, circular area, circular buffer, CIRCULAR SAW OPERATOR, circular scanning, cold circular sawing machine ♦ GLASS CUTTER, OVAL OR CIRCULAR ♦ hardware circular buffer, hot circular sawing machine ♦ resolved circular cell ♦ SAW-EDGE FUSER, CIRCULAR. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "circular": lamprey. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Circular" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Portuguese (be about, circle, circular, circular letter, circulate, circumvent, course, float, go around, mailing piece, rotate, round, show card, surround, toroidal, torus-shaped), Romanian (annular, circular, round, roundly), Spanish (buzz, circular, circulate, curricular, drive along, go round, mailshot, round trip, run). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Try and follow me because I'm going to be moving in a circular motion (Swimming With Sharks; writing credit: George Huang) Centrifugal force is the force that appears to cause a body circulating a centure to fly off its circular path (Head Start; writing credit: Andrea Del Bosco; Glen Dolman) Circular logic will only make you dizzy, Doctor (Doctor Who; writing credit: Basil Caplan; Martin Defalco) Not up and down, not side to side, but in a circular motion (The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air; writing credit: Hisao Ohkawa; Kaoru Umeno) It's circular. You exist to continue your existence (Equilibrium; writing credit: Kurt Wimmer) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Number 5: Circular Tensions (1949) The Circular Room (1916) Circular Panorama of Housing the Ice (1902) Ending Looking Down the Mall Circular Panorama of the Base of the Electric Tower (1901) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | The earliest visible stage of HIV replication occurs when viral proteins accumulate under the cell membrane in a process called budding (a). In the next stage a crescent shaped early bud has constricted, forming a membrane-encapsulated sphere, with the dense center called a viral nucleoid (b). As the constricting process continues, the virus pinches off and becomes free extracellular infectious virus (c). At this stage, the dark circular mucleoid condenses into a bar; this morphologic feature is used to discriminate HIV-I from HTLV-II and HTLV-III. See artwork: GR-31. Credit: Dr. Matthew Gonda (photographer). |  | A dark grey plate sits on a mauve, pleated tablecloth. On the plate are radishes, brussels sprouts and cauliflower arranged in a circular pattern. There is more cauliflower and some broccoli on the table. See also AV-3905 and AV-3906. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |
 | Legionella pneumophila grows well on this medium, and the colonies take on a circular, off-white growth pattern. Credit: CDC. |  | Circular Quay with ferry boats, Sydney, Australia. Credit: CDC. |
 | Center pivot irrigation systems created these circular patterns in crop land near Garden City, Kansas. The red circles indicate irrigated crops of healthy vegetation. The light-colored circles represent harvested crops.. Credit: NASA. |  | A conceptual Shoran station layout Circular lines of position with Shoran in range-range mode. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Lava Cove, Sequam Island Circular volcanic caldera Shore party from C&GS Ship PIONEER. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | NOAA P-3 flying in eye of Hurricane Caroline. Note circular eye below aircraft. Credit: Flying With NOAA. |
 | The tide gate at the mouth of Army Creek on the Delaware side of the river. The tide gate drains flood and rain water out of the creek to prevent flooding. The five circular mechanisms on the gate open and close to control water flow. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | Circular base of a rotating wall cloud. Credit: National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL). |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Circular Climb" by Dremeda Commentary: "This is a picture of the ladder on the microwave tower in Lago Patria Italy. I very new to photography so I hope you like it. ." | "Landmark" by Luis Alves Commentary: "This is a very strange object located near my work. Its shape is interesting, but I don't know what it is. It has some circular antenas placed on it, but I don't think it's an antenna... I'll post it when I find out, gotta go near it. <br> <br>" |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | The traveller paused and examined in the stone at the left of the door, near the ground, a large circular excavation like the hollow of a sphere |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | Mopping the counter with circular strokes, polishing the big shining coffee urns |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | This makes the bronchi appear as prominent circular opacities, appearing as "ring-like" shapes next to pulmonary blood vessels. (references) | |
The DNA sequence of B. burgdorferi type strain B31 was published in 1997 and contains a 950 kilobase linear chromosome, 9 linear plasmids, and 12 circular plasmids. (references) | ||
In most people, the first symptom of Lyme disease is a red rash known as erythema migrans (EM). The telltale rash starts as a small red spot at the site of the tick bite. The spot expands over a period of days or weeks, forming a circular or ovalshaped rash. Sometimes the rash resembles a bull's eye, appearing as a red ring surrounding a clear area with a red center. (references) | ||
Business | Circular in motion, the cycle is dependent on the counter flow of payments for the onward flow of services for sustainability. (references) | |
Fiber-optic cable technology is being utilized increasingly and will in future connect the existing and new digital telephone stations into the circular digital telecommunication network. (references) | ||
For the purpose of this analysis, equipment within the power tool sector includes drills, cordless drills, sanders, power screwdrivers, jigsaws, circular saws, hedge trimmers, steam wallpaper strippers and powered painting systems. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Cambodia | The Prime Minister canceled the circular 3 days later, describing it as contrary to government policy on freedom of religion. (references) |
Indonesia | Media figures and legal experts claim that the circular had no legal standing because it conflicted with the 1999 Press Law, which forbids censorship of the press. (references) | |
Turkey | In August the Interior Ministry issued a circular warning governors of the laws restricting unauthorized religious gatherings, particularly by Protestant Christians. (references) | |
Economic History | Bangladesh | The circular also announced that the tribunal will be formed shortly. (references) |
Sri Lanka | In addition, several other inner and outer circular roads in Colombo are being upgraded. (references) | |
Jordan | The Central Bank of Jordan will soon be issuing a circular to implement money laundering regulations. (references) | |
Human Rights | Zimbabwe | However, in practice a circular issued by the Attorney General giving a general authority to grant bail has lessened the negative effect of the rule. (references) |
Cameroon | On April 6, Pierre Minlo Medjo, the General Delegate for National Security of the DGSN, issued a circular letter to all DGSN personnel nationwide to remind them of the provisions governing the conditions of detention of suspects. (references) | |
Minorities | Bhutan | The 1985 Citizenship Act also provides for the revocation of the citizenship of any naturalized citizen who "has shown by act or speech to be disloyal in any manner whatsoever to the King, country, and people of Bhutan." The Home Ministry later declared in a circular that any nationals leaving the country to assist "antinationals," and the families of such persons, would forfeit their citizenship. (references) |
Political Economy | TURKEY | In the software area, the Prime Minister issued a circular in 1998 directing all government agencies to legalize the software used in their offices. (references) |
Turkey | In December the Justice Minister issued a circular to all prosecutors instructing them to act in accordance with the new amendments pending implementation. (references) | |
Trade | Egypt | This circular is to be applied starting from December 12, 1998. (references) |
Worker Rights | Bhutan | A circular that went into effect in 1994 established wage rates, rules and regulations for labor recruiting agencies, and the regulations for payment of workmen's compensation. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Dennis Miller | The body of President Lincoln was barely even cold before someone got the idea to stamp his face on a circular piece of copper and sell it for a hundredth of a dollar. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Circular" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 66.99% of the time. "Circular" is used about 1,120 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 66.99% | 750 | 9,100 |
| Noun (singular) | 29.79% | 334 | 15,701 |
| Noun (proper) | 3.21% | 36 | 57,479 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,120 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "circular": aeronautical information circular ♦ Circular are ♦ circular buffer ♦ circular chart ♦ circular column ♦ Circular cubic ♦ Circular cubics ♦ circular diagram ♦ Circular Dichroism ♦ circular directive ♦ circular drop inlet spillway ♦ circular error probable ♦ circular file ♦ Circular function ♦ Circular functions ♦ circular graph ♦ circular graphic ♦ circular grooving ♦ Circular instruments ♦ circular letter ♦ circular letter of credit ♦ Circular lines ♦ circular measure ♦ circular micrometer ♦ circular mil area ♦ circular note ♦ Circular numbers ♦ Circular or Globular ♦ Circular or Ring ♦ circular path ♦ circular plane ♦ Circular points at infinity ♦ circular polarised RF ♦ Circular polarization ♦ circular polarized RF ♦ circular railway ♦ circular road ♦ circular sailing ♦ circular saw ♦ circular scale ♦ circular skirt ♦ circular square ♦ circular table ♦ circular ticket ♦ circular tour ♦ circular trip ♦ circular weaving machine ♦ cold circular sawing machine ♦ court circular ♦ exploded circular graph ♦ exploded circular graphic ♦ hardware circular buffer ♦ hot circular sawing machine ♦ of a circular shape ♦ offering circular ♦ or Circular letter ♦ resolved circular cell ♦ wanted circular. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "circular": circular-based, Circular-bound, circular-concentric, circular-ended, circular-knit, circular-plan, circular-sawn. | |
Ending with "circular": semi-circular. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "circular"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | rrethor, reklamë (ad, advertisement, commercial, commercial break, dodger, headline, plug, poster, prospectus, publicity, reclame, show card), qarkullues (encyclic, floating), qarkore, qarkor, në formë rrethi, në formë disku. (various references) | |
Arabic | منشور دوري, مستدير (circulatory, rotund, round, roundish), حلقي (annular, guttural, throaty, velar), سيار (locomotive), السيارة نشرة ترسل إلى عدة أفراد, الرسالة (message), دائري (circuitous, compass, orbicular, revolving, rotating, rotational). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | циркуляр (buzz saw), кръгъл (globular, orbed, orbicular, positive, rotate, rotund, round), кръгообразен, окръжно, околовръстно шосе (ring road), околовръстен (round), предназначен за циркулация. (various references) | |
Chinese | 圆 (round), 圓 (circle, full, round, spherical, tactful, to justify, unit of Chinese currency), 團 (group, regiment, round, society). (various references) | |
Czech | okružní, obìžník (circular letter), kruhovitý, kruhový (annular), kolový (wheeled). (various references) | |
Danish | cirkulaere (circular letter, mailing piece), cirkulaer, rundskrivelse (circular letter, mailing piece). (various references) | |
Dutch | circulaire (circular letter, mailing piece), rondschrijven (circular letter, mailing piece). (various references) | |
Esperanto | cirkulero. (various references) | |
Farsi | مستدیر, مدور (Round), دایره وار (Round), بخشنامه . (various references) | |
Finnish | ympyriäinen (round), pyöreä (non-committal, rotund, round, rounded, woolly), kiertokirje, kehänmuotoinen. (various references) | |
French | circulaire (administrative circular, circular letter). (various references) | |
German | zirkular (circular letter, mailing piece), rundschreiben (newsletter), kreisförmig (circularly, orbital, round). (various references) | |
Greek | κυκλικόσ (cyclic, cyclical, orbed, round), κυκλικός (cyclic, rotatory), στρογγυλόσ (globose, plump, rotund, round), περιστροφικόσ (circuitous, devious, gyral, gyratory, rotary, rotational, rotative, rotatory, turning), εγκύκλια επιστολή (circular letter, mailing piece), εγκύκλιοσ (newsletter). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מעוגל (rounded), מעגלי (cyclic), מכתב חוזר (flier), עוקף, עגולי (rotund, round, round shaped), עגול (circle, disc, orb, round, spherical), חוגי, גלגלי (spherical, wheel shaped). (various references) | |
Hungarian | visszatérõ (pass out, recurrent, recurring, re-entrant), kerek (cobs, orbed, rotund, round, spherical), körlevél, köralakú, körözvény, kör alakú (cyclo, cyclo-, orbicular, rotund, round). (various references) | |
Indonesian | surat edaran (encyclic, handbull), kelilling, bundar (round). (various references) | |
Italian | circolare (circle, circulate, consort, current, flow, gyratory, round, run). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 丸い (round, spherical). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | まろやか (mild, round, spherical), まるっこい (round, spherical), まるい (round, spherical), つうちょう (memorandum, notice, notification, passbook), かいしょう (ability, cancellation, circulating letter, easy victory, liquidation, Navy Minister, negotiation, renaming, resourcefulness, retitling, sweeping victory, talks, Vice-Admiral), かいぶん (ash, palindrome, scandal, strange rumor), かいほう (breakwater, bulletin, circulating letter, coast battery, convalescence, emancipation, evolution, extraction of roots, good news, idea borne in mind, liberalization, liberation, looking after, nursing, open, release, reply, report, solution, throw open), かいじょう (an upper floor, assembly hall, capitulation, circulating letter, factorial, maritime, massive, meeting place, opening, the grounds, upstairs), りんけい (bulb, ring-shaped), げき (appeal, chance or opportunity, chink, drama, gap, interval, manifesto, play). (various references) | |
Korean | 원형 (Circle). (various references) | |
Manx | ym-screeuyn (encyclical), runt (ball-shaped, globular, rotund, round, spherical), kiarkylagh, kiarklane, cruinn (accurate, circumstantial, compact, consummate, detailed, exact, round, scrupulous, spherical, strict, unambigous). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ircularcay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | circular (be about, circle, circulate, circumvent, course, float, go around, rotate, round, show card, surround). (various references) | |
Romanian | circularã, circular (annular, round, roundly), rotund (annular, full, globular, ring-shaped, rotund, round, roundly, roundness), reclamã (advert, advertisement, advertising, bill, commercial, dodger, exploitation, handbill, publicity, sign), inelar (annular, ring), adresat unui cerc de persoane. (various references) | |
Russian | реклама (ad, ads, adt advertisement, advertisement, advt, advt advertisement, neon sign, reclame, show card), циркулярный, циркуляр (encyclical letter), циклический (cyclic, cyclical, end-around, periodic), круговой (gyrate, orbicular, perimeter, round), кругообразный, круглый (cool, o-shaped, round), кольцевой (annular, orbicular, recirculating), перстневидный (annular), дуговой, дисковый (disk). (various references) | |
Scottish | meadar (a wooden pail or vessel, circular wooden vessel, verse). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | cirkularan, kružnica, kružni (annular, annullable, circuitous), kružan (orbed, orbicular). (various references) | |
Spanish | circular (buzz, circulate, curricular, drive along, go round, mailshot, round trip, run). (various references) | |
Swedish | cirkulär (circular letter, fly sheet), cirkelrund. (various references) | |
Thai | ไม่ตรง (skew), ที่เกี่ยวกับวงกลม, ที่เป็นวงกลม, ที่เคลื่อนที่เป็นวงกลม. (various references) | |
Turkish | yuvarlak (annular, conglobate, orbicular, rotund, rotundate, round), sirküler (circular letter), genelge (circular letter, notice), dolambaçlı (circuitous, devious, indirect, labyrinthine, oblique, roundabout, serpentine, shuffling, sinuous, tortuous, winding), dairesel (annular, orbicular), daire biçiminde. (various references) | |
Turkmen | tegelek (precisely, round), aяlawly (curvy, winding). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | реклама (advertisement, advertising, blurb, build up, dodger, public relations, publicity), що рухається по колу, циркулярний лист, циркулярний (circulating, circulatory), циркуляр, кільцевий (annular, circumferential), круговий (all round, round), круглий (orbicular, round), кружний (circuitous, oblique), коловий, обхідний (circuitous, devious, oblique, roundabout, wormy), проспект (pamphlet, prospect, prospectus). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | vòng quanh thông tư, vòng (collet, loop, pendant, revolution, round), tròn (clear), thông tri (notice), thông tin. (various references) | |
Welsh | cylchlythyr. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | rotunda, rotunditas, rotundum, rotundus. (various references) |
| Avestan | 200-600 | skarenayå. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "circular": circularise, circularised, circularises, circularising, circularities, circularity, circularization, circularizations, circularize, circularized, circularizes, circularizing, circularly, circularness, circularnesses, circulars. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "circular": noncircular, semicircular. (additional references) | |
| |
"Circular" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: carceral, circiumar, circul, Circulaire, circularm, circule, circuled, circulum, ciricular, Cirkewwa, Korcula, piacular. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "circular" (pronounced ser"kyuler) |
| 7 | s er" k y u l er | semicircular. |
| 5 | -k y u l er | avuncular, binocular, cardiovascular, curricular, extracurricular, gastrovascular, intermolecular, jocular, molecular, muscular, particular, perpendicular, secular, spectacular, testicular, unspectacular, vascular, vehicular, vernacular. |
| 4 | -y u l er | angular, annular, cellular, equiangular, globular, granular, intercellular, irregular, jugular, popular, rectangular, regular, singular, triangular, tubular, unicellular, unpopular. |
| 3 | -u l er | embezzler, enabler, abler, alveolar, bachelor, Buckler, Candler, chancellor, consular, councilor, counsellor, counselor, dangler, dissimilar, fiddler, Girdler, glandular, gobbler, hackler, humbler, hurdler, hustler, Idler, insular, jeweler, juggler, kindler, kittler, Littler, modular, needler, nestler, nodular, peninsular, rattler, reveler, saddler, settler, shuffler, Sidler, similar, simpler, Spindler, Stabler, stapler, stickler, subtler, swindler, tingler, Tinkler, titular, traveler, traveller, wrangler, wrestler. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-c-i-l-r-r-u" | |
-1 letter: crucial. | |
-2 letters: crural, curari, curial, ricrac, uracil. | |
-3 letters: aulic, auric, circa, crura, curia, rural, urari, urial. | |
-4 letters: aril, carl, carr, caul, curl, curr, laic, lair, lari, liar, lira, rail, rial, uric. | |
-5 letters: ail, air, arc, car, cur, lac, lar, ria. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-c-i-l-r-r-u" | |
+1 letter: circulars, curricula. | |
+2 letters: circularly, circulator, curricular. | |
+3 letters: caricatural, circularise, circularity, circularize, circulators, circulatory, circumlunar, circumpolar, noncircular, recirculate. | |
+4 letters: circularised, circularises, circularized, circularizes, circularness, cocurricular, cryosurgical, recirculated, recirculates, semicircular. | |
+5 letters: architectural, circularising, circularities, circularizing, circumstellar, microcultural, microsurgical, microvascular, recirculating, recirculation, supercritical, ultracritical. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Fiction 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Quotations: Spoken 12. Usage Frequency | 13. Expressions 14. Expressions: Internet 15. Translations: Modern 16. Translations: Ancient | 17. Derivations 18. Rhymes 19. Anagrams 20. Bibliography |
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