Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Chemical |
ChemicalAdjective1. Relating to or used in chemistry; "chemical engineer"; "chemical balance". 2. Of or made from or using substances produced by or used in reactions involving atomic or molecular changes; "chemical fertilizer". Noun1. Produced by or used in a reaction involving changes in atoms or molecules. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "chemical" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1780. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Chemical Industry | A substance used or obtained in chemistry. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A chemical is a either a chemical element or a material with a defined composition of such elements: a chemical compound. The term is often used to refer to bulk material, rather than to individual microscopic or submicroscopic particles, e.g., "A chemical is a specific collection of atoms or molecules."
- See also: chemistry, chemical industry, molecule.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Chemical."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In chemistry, a compound is a substance formed from two or more elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. For example, water is a compound made out of hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of two to one.
In general, this fixed ratio must be fixed due to some sort of physical property, rather than an arbitrary man-made selection. This is why materials such as brass, the superconductor YBCO, the semiconductor Aluminium gallium arsenide or chocolate are considered mixtures or alloys rather than compounds.
A defining characteristic of a compound is that it has a chemical formula. Formulas describe the ratio of numbers of atoms in a substance. For example, in H2O (water) there are two hydrogen atoms for every one oxygen atom. The formula does not tell you that water is made of molecules. Indeed water ice has the same formula, but it is in the form of a crystal - there are no molecules in ice.
Compounds may have a number of possible phases. For a compound to be a liquid or a gas and still be called a compound, atoms from the various elements must be stuck together in the form of molecules. The formation of molecules is why compounds such as C2H4 exist (rather than just CH2) - the formula is telling you not just the ratios but also how many atoms there are in each molecule.
All compounds will break up into smaller compounds or individual atoms if you heat them to a high enough temperature. This temperature is called the decomposition temperature.
Every chemical compound that has been described in the literature carries a unique numerical identifier, its CAS number.
Types of compounds:
See list of compounds for a list of all compounds currently in Wikipedia.
- acids,
- basess,
- salts,
- oxides,
- organic compounds
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Chemical compound."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Chemical engineering is the application of science, mathematics and economics to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms.
Related fields and topics:
- Biochemical Engineering
- Biomedical Engineering
- Biotechnology
- Ceramics
- Environment
- Fluid Mechanics
- Heat Transfer
- History of Chemical Engineering
- Mass Transfer
- Materials science
- Reactors
- Separation Processes
- Membrane Processes
- Distillation Processes
- Crystallization Processes
- Thermodynamics
- Particle Technology
- Polymers
- Process Control
- Process Design
- Process Modeling
- Pulp and Paper
See also
- List of chemical engineers
- External links:
- Institute of Chemical Engineers (UK)
- American Institute of Chemical Engineers (USA)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Chemical engineering."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Chemical industry includes those industries involved in the production of petrochemicals, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, polymers, and paints, etcetera. Chemical processes are used, including chemical reactions to form new substances, separations based on properties such as solubility or ionic charge, and distillations, in addition to transformations by heating and other methods.Chemical industries involve the processing of, or change in, raw materials obtained by mining, and agriculture among other supply sources, into materials and substances that are useful on their own, or in other industries. The food-processing industries are generally not included in the term "chemical industry".
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Chemical industry."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Chemical oceanography is the study of the behaviour of the chemical elements within the Earth's oceans. The ocean is unique in that it contains - in greater or lesser quantities - nearly every element in the Periodic table. Thus much of chemical oceanography describes the cycling of these elements both within the ocean and with the other spheres of the Earth system (see Biogeochemical cycles). These cycles are usually characterised as quantitative fluxes between constituent reservoirs defined within the ocean system. Of particular global and climatic significance are the cycles of the biologically active elements such as Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus as well as those of some important trace elements such as Iron. Another important area of study in chemical oceanography is the behaviour of isotopes (see Isotope geochemistry) and how they can be used as tracers of past and present oceanographic and climatic processes. For example, the incidence of 18O (the heavy isotope of Oxygen) as an indicator of polar ice sheet extent.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Chemical oceanography."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Chemical warfare is the use of non-explosive chemical agents (that are not themselves living organisms, that being biological warfare) to cause injury or death. The main types of agents used in chemical warfare are:
- Nerve agents
- Mustard agentss
- Hydrogen cyanide-based agents
- botulinum
- Arsines
- Toxins
- Tear gases
- pepper spray
- Incapacitating agents such as
- Psychotomimetic agents
- Potential chemical warfare agents
History
The first major use of chemical warfare agents was during World War I, with the use of various agents including chlorine, mustard gas, and phosgene gas by the German army. Other armies quickly responded with chemical weapons of their own. They were not extensively used during World War II due to the fear of retalitation and because chemical weapons are of limited use in a mobile front in which their use would slow the advance of one's own troops. In addition chemical warfare requires supply from railroads which was available in the fixed fronts of World War I, but not the mobile fronts of World War II.Chemical weapons were also extensively used by both sides during the Iran-Iraq War and were used by Iraq against Kurdish civilian populations.
The use of chemical weapons is generally abhored in international law, and there are many rules to discourage or make difficult their acquisition and use. Of these the most important is the Chemical Weapons Convention.
Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical weapons were usually considered morally equivalent and referred to collectively by the phrase "NBC weapons", until this phrase was replaced by weapons of mass destruction, due to confusion about the line between chemical and biological weapons (e.g. prions which are not organisms but simple single-molecule proteins, and could thereby be considered either chemical or biological), concerns about genetic manipulation of biological entities, or nanotechnological methods to generate new molecules with lifelike characteristics, or to exude dangerous chemicals, and the danger of weapons using artificial intelligence and robotics, all of which could conceivably get beyond human control.
By comparison to these threats, the danger of chemical weapons is not considered to be extreme. Even such potential attacks as poisoning of an urban center's water supply (very common in the history of warfare) with a chemical agent, e.g. botulin, are assumed to be containable.
On April 4, 1984 President Ronald Reagan called for an international ban on chemical weapons.
See also
- Biological Weapons Convention
- Asymmetric warfare
- Terrorism
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Chemical warfare."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Chemistry is the study of the atomic building blocks of nature, how they combine and their combinations which form the solids, liquids, and gases that make up most forms of matter. For the many different chemical elements and compounds, see:
- The Periodic table
- List of compounds
- Inorganic chemistry, including solid state chemistry, which studies the basic principles that are applied in mineralogy and materials science.
- Organic chemistry, which underlies biochemistry and polymer chemistry and is the study of carbon-containing molecules.
- Physical chemistry, which includes computational chemistry, quantum chemistry and surface chemistry.
- Analytical chemistry, the basis of environmental chemistry.
- Photochemistry, which through photosynthesis drives all of life.
Basics
Atomic theory is basic to Chemistry. The theory states that all matter is composed of a set of very small units called atoms. One of the very first laws to be discovered leading to the establishment of Chemistry as a science is the Law of Conservation of Matter. The law states there is no detectable change in the quantity of matter during an ordinary chemical reaction. (Modern Physics now teaches that atoms and energy can be neither created nor destroyed.) On a superficial level this means that if we start off with 10,001 atoms and proceed with many chemical reactions, we will be left with 10,001 atoms. Even if we started off with something green and gooey and ended up with something black and hard there will still be the same number of atoms. The mass will be the same too if the energy gained or lost is accounted for. Chemistry studies the interactions of these atoms, sometimes alone but more often combined with (bonded to) other atoms to form ions and molecules. These atoms interact with other atoms (e.g. a wood fire is the combination of oxygen atoms from the air with the carbon and hydrogen atoms in the wood) and they also interact with light (a photograph is formed from the changes that light causes to the chemicals on a film) and other types of radiation. One surprisingly early finding was that these atoms almost always combine in definite ratios or proportions: silica sand is a structure where the ratio of silicon atoms to oxygen atoms is 1:2. We now know that there are exceptions to this Law of Definite Proportions (integrated circuits are a good example). Another key discovery in chemistry was that when a change is made, the amount of energy gained or lost will always be the same. This leads to the important concepts of equilibrium, thermodynamics, and kinetics. The most interesting theory describing all of chemistry is Quantum Mechanics. This theory is complex, non-intuitive, and difficult to master. Often, simpler concepts are used to predict the results of experiments. These concepts (e.g. acid/base chemistry) are limited in scope, but much easier to understand and apply. College students typically study chemistry in the following "blocks": Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry and Biochemistry. Often, discoveries in chemistry are made by physicists, biologists, chemical engineers or pharmacists.
- Scientific method
- SI base unit
- Significant figures
- The Atom
- Orbitals
- Periodic Table of Chemical elements
- Isomerism
- Allotropes
- Isotopes
- Ion
- Electron configuration
- Periodic Trends
- Electronegativity
- Atomic radius, Ionic radius
- Ionization energy
- Electron affinity
- Elemental Groups: S-block, D-block, F-block, P-block
Chemicals and Interactions
- Systematic names
- Chemical formula
- Empirical formula
- Molecular formula
- Chemical bonding
- Chemical polarity
- Chemical equation
- Chemical reaction
- Colors of chemicals
Quantitative Chemistry
- The mole
- Stoichiometry
- Thermochemistry
- Hess's Law
- Calorimetry
States of Matter
- Kinetic theory of gases
- Ideal gas
- Condensed matter physics
- Solutions
- Concentration of solutions
- Colligative properties
- Chemical equilibrium
- Le Chatelier's principle
- Solubility
- Precipitates
- Common-ion effect
Acids and Bases
- Acid-base reaction theories
- Strong acids
- Weak acids
- pH and the strength of acids
- Systematic naming of acids and bases
- Self-ionization of water
- Buffers
- Acid-Base titration
- Redox reactions
- Electrochemistry
Kinetics and Thermodynamics
- Chemical kinetics
- Reaction rates
- Spontaneous processes
- Enthalpy
- Entropy
- Gibbs free energy
- Nuclear chemistry
- Biochemistry
History of Chemistry
- Alchemy
- Discovery of the chemical elements
- Timeline of chemical element discovery
- Nobel Prize in Chemistry
See also
- Chemistry basic topics
- Chemist and List of chemists
- American Chemical society
- International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Chemical engineering
External links
- IUPAC Nomenclature Home Page, see especially the "Gold Book" containing definitions of standard chemical terms
- Material safety data sheets for a variety of chemicals
simple:Chemistry
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Chemistry."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| Chemical EPSP | English | Chemical excitatory postsynoptic potential | Chemistry, Medicine |
| B Ch E | English | Bachelor of Chemical Engineering | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonym: ChemicalSynonym: chemic (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Arms | Pike, lance, spear, spontoon, javelin, dart, jereed, jerid, arrow, reed, shaft, bolt, boomerang, harpoon, gaff; eelspear, oxgoad, weet-weet, wommerah; cattle prod; chemical mace. |
Insulation, Fire extinction | Wet blanket; fire extinguisher, soda and acid extinguisher, dry chemical extinguisher, CO-two extinguisher, carbon tetrachloride, foam; sprinklers, automatic sprinkler system; fire bucket, sand bucket. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | And we cant watch Fox because they own those chemical weapons plants in Syria (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) When I was a teenager, my idea of chemical stimulation was sucking on a Fisherman's Friend (The Thin Blue Line; writing credit: Ben Elton) Memories fade fast enough without chemical help, but if I don't tell this story now, I don't think I ever will (Kolchak: The Night Stalker; writing credit: David Chase; Rudolph Borchert) What maybe happened is that he was so fearful of the cancer that his brain froze and stopped producing a chemical called Enzyme that his body needed (Dad; writing credit: Gary David Goldberg) When the pressures of modern society become too great for a person, when one's chemical dynamic becomes such that they are unbalanced, that they cease painting within the lines, they come to us. These are the people that society would prefer just go away -- the shadow people (Wonderland; writing credit: James Grissom) | |
Lyrics | Was it chemical, physical, what was the deal (We're So Good Together; performing artist: Reba McEntire) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Drug Abuse: The Chemical Tomb (1969) Chemical Conquest (1956) A Chemical Calamity (1917) Mr. Edison at Work in His Chemical Laboratory (1897) Chemical Reaction (1995) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books |
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Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Pictured here is an experimental animal being held by a technician. Only the technician's hands and the animal are visible. The technician measures the size of a reaction of the animal due to a recent injection. A measuring device is being used to achieve the measurement. This may have been a test for the possible carcinogenic effect of a chemical. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |  | Shows interior wide shot of Chemical Lab, part of the Central Cancer Research labs. Two scientists sit on stools in lab. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |
 | Foreign trainees in the field operating a hypo-chlorinator, which is a chemical feed pump used in the disinfection of drinking water. Credit: CDC. |  | Seagrass extending offshore from mangrove shoreline Red algae covering seagrass is particularly important as chemical cue for larval settlement of spiny lobster post-larvae. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | CTD rosette being deployed to study water temperature, salinity, and chemical characteristics. Working off the NOAA Ship MILLER FREEMAN. Credit: Fisheries. |  | Stromatolites are club-shaped structures formed by a slow buildup of microbial mats trapping ooid sands. These form in high energy channels where migrating sand dunes and chemical precipitation of carbonate cement are dominant seafloor processes. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP). |
 | Figure 41. Thomson pneumatic sounder, devised by Sir William Thomson, was an extremely simple device designed for use with his sounding machine on a steel line. Although based on the action of pressure on gas or liquids, it also used the original concept of using a chemical means to note the depth attained. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |  | Figure 43. Bergius pneumatic sounder. No documentation could be found for the design, construction, or testing of this instrument. It is probable that this instrument was created in the early Twentieth Century by Friedrich Bergius, a 1931 Nobel Prize winner, for study of high pressure chemical reactions. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
 | After donning the appropriate chemical protective gear, Airman 1st Class Vincent Ouchana and Senior Airman Efrain Espinoza, representing Air Force Space Command, fire downrange and engage pop-up targets during the combat weapons event at Camp Bullis, Texa. |  | Plant genticist Robert Dilday checks a rice variety that keeps weeds at bay by releasing a natural chemical. Credit: USDA. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Chemical plant" by Karoly Feher Commentary: "A chemical plant at the danube." | "Hazard 2" by Simon Cataudo Commentary: "Chemical storage barrels. Taken 1 August 2003." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | 'Tis a superstition to insist on a special diet. All is made at last of the same chemical atoms. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | For dyestuffs and chemical drugs delivered under paragraph 1 , the price shall be fixed by the Commission having regard to prewar net export prices and to subsequent increases of cost. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | However, factories of chemical products abound in Faubourg Saint Marceau |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | These chemical reactions generate acids. (references) | |
It has a distinctive bitter chemical taste. (references) | ||
This chemical gradually breaks down while we sleep. (references) | ||
Business | Imports of chemicals are important to the Slovak chemical market. (references) | |
Chemical medicines play very important role in medicine production. (references) | ||
This value accounts for 11% of all fine and specialty chemical imports. (references) | ||
Economic History | Poland | Local producers supply 48% of Poland's chemical market. (references) |
Spain | The mining and chemical products sectors remain stagnant. (references) | |
France | France has signed and ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention. (references) | |
Human Rights | Iraq | The report states that many of the detainees were used as subjects in the country's outlawed experimental chemical and biological weapons programs. (references) |
Korea | The woman reported severe beatings, torture involving water forced into a victim's stomach with a rubber hose and pumped out by guards jumping on a board placed across the victim's abdomen, and chemical and biological warfare experiments allegedly conducted on inmates by the army. (references) | |
Political Economy | UKRAINE | Goods that need licenses include medicines, pesticides, and some industrial chemical products. (references) |
Trade | Norway | Publication: "Declaration of chemical substances and products" - Guidelines (in English). (references) |
Greece | Imported nuts are subject to an aflatoxin test performed by the Supreme Chemical Laboratory. (references) | |
Bolivia | Import licenses are only required for firearms, insecticides, tobacco, certain chemical products and seeds. (references) | |
Travel | Pakistan | The 1998-1999 Trade Policy also allows import of 3 percent samples along with medicines containing new chemical formulations. (references) |
Women | Japan | In March the Osaka District Court dismissed a wage bias suit filed by female employees of Sumitomo Chemical Company who had been placed in a nonmanagerial career track in 1970 when the company introduced a dual-track system. (references) |
Worker Rights | Lesotho | Regulations on construction and chemical safety are being promulgated. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | HEART, n. An automatic, muscular blood-pump. Figuratively, this useful organ is said to be the esat of emotions and sentiments -- a very pretty fancy which, however, is nothing but a survival of a once universal belief. It is now known that the sentiments and emotions reside in the stomach, being evolved from food by chemical action of the gastric fluid. The exact process by which a beefsteak becomes a feeling -- tender or not, according to the age of the animal from which it was cut; the successive stages of elaboration through which a caviar sandwich is transmuted to a quaint fancy and reappears as a pungent epigram; the marvelous functional methods of converting a hard-boiled egg into religious contrition, or a cream-puff into a sigh of sensibility -- these things have been patiently ascertained by M. Pasteur, and by him expounded with convincing lucidity. (See, also, my monograph, The Essential Identity of the Spiritual Affections and Certain Intestinal Gases Freed in Digestion -- 4to, 687 pp.) In a scientific work entitled, I believe, Delectatio Demonorum (John Camden Hotton, London, 1873) this view of the sentiments receives a striking illustration; and for further light consult Professor Dam's famous treatise on Love as a Product of Alimentary Maceration. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Bill Maher | Well, if I was over there and part of the media, that would be quite a badge of bravery to follow troops into a chemical zone. |
John Miller | Yeah, I went through the federal government's training course for first responders to turn them into hazmat technicians to focus on chemical and biological warfare, which actually turned out to be interesting timing. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Our children will sleep free from the threat of nuclear, chemical or biological weapons. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | Iraq could decide on any given day to provide a biological or chemical weapon to a terrorist group or individual terrorists. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Chemical" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 96.25% of the time. "Chemical" is used about 1,760 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 96.25% | 1,694 | 4,951 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 2.33% | 41 | 53,521 |
| Noun (proper) | 1.42% | 25 | 69,787 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,760 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Chile | Chemical & Mining Co of Chile Incorporated | China | China Petroleum & Chemical Corp. |
| Egypt | Misr Chemical Industries Company | France | Societe Francaise Exxon Chemical SA |
| Hong Kong | Kingboard Chemical Holdings Limited | India | National Organic Chemical Industries |
| Japan | Ando Chemical Works Co., Ltd. | Malaysia | Chemical Company of Malaysia Berhad |
| Netherlands | Holland Chemical International NV | Pakistan | Engro Chemical Pakistan Limited |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "chemical": artificial chemical control measures ♦ banned chemical ♦ behaviour modifying chemical ♦ binary chemical munition ♦ chemical action ♦ Chemical Actions ♦ Chemical Actions and Uses ♦ chemical affinity ♦ chemical agent ♦ chemical ammunition ♦ chemical analysis ♦ Chemical and Pharmacologic Phenomena ♦ chemical assay ♦ chemical atomic weights ♦ Chemical attraction ♦ chemical balance ♦ chemical bond ♦ chemical chain ♦ chemical change ♦ chemical coloring ♦ chemical colouring ♦ chemical compound ♦ chemical crosslinking ♦ chemical defence ♦ chemical defense ♦ chemical diabetes ♦ chemical dose ♦ chemical element ♦ chemical energy ♦ chemical engineer ♦ chemical engineering ♦ chemical environment ♦ chemical equation ♦ chemical equilibrium ♦ chemical ferments ♦ chemical fertilizer ♦ chemical fertilizers ♦ chemical fibre ♦ chemical formula ♦ Chemical fuze ♦ chemical gas ♦ chemical group ♦ chemical harmonicon ♦ chemical hoeing ♦ chemical horn ♦ chemical industry ♦ chemical irritant ♦ chemical laboratory ♦ Chemical Mace ♦ chemical manure ♦ chemical mechanism ♦ chemical mine ♦ chemical monitoring ♦ chemical mutagenesis ♦ chemical notation ♦ chemical operations ♦ chemical oxygen demand ♦ chemical oxygen iodine laser ♦ chemical phenomenon ♦ chemical plant ♦ chemical pneumonia ♦ chemical printing ♦ chemical process ♦ chemical property ♦ chemical protection ♦ chemical protection suit ♦ chemical protector ♦ chemical reaction ♦ chemical reactor ♦ chemical science ♦ Chemical solution ♦ Chemical spectrum ♦ chemical stimulation ♦ chemical survey ♦ chemical technology ♦ chemical vapor deposited carbon ♦ chemical vapor deposition ♦ chemical vapour deposition ♦ chemical warfare ♦ Chemical Warfare Agents ♦ chemical weapon ♦ chemical weapons ♦ chemical weed control ♦ chemical weeding ♦ chief of chemical service ♦ hazardous chemical waste ♦ individual nuclear,biologic and chemical protection ♦ law of chemical combinations ♦ law of chemical equilibrium ♦ liquid control chemical ♦ Multiple Chemical Sensitivity ♦ mutagenic chemical ♦ new chemical entity ♦ nuclear,biological and chemical suit ♦ petroleum chemical ♦ quantitative chemical analysis ♦ radiation and chemical observation post ♦ scheduled chemical control ♦ severely restricted chemical ♦ soluble or chemical ferments ♦ toxic chemical. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "chemical": chemical-based, chemical-biological, chemical-by-chemical, chemical-carriers, chemical-free, chemical-green, chemical-mechanical, chemical-physical, chemical-radiative-dynamical, chemical-resistant, chemical-scented, chemical-sensitive, chemical-splitting, chemical-taking, chemical-warfare, chemical-waste, chemical-weapon, chemical-weapons. | |
Ending with "chemical": agro-chemical, bio-chemical, non-chemical, petro-chemical, photo-chemical, physico-chemical. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
chemical | 2,515 | chemical formula | 174 |
chemical engineering | 1,214 | nova chemical | 173 |
pool chemical | 874 | chemical industry | 169 |
dow chemical | 659 | chemical supply | 163 |
chemical pump | 546 | chemical imbalance | 157 |
spa chemical | 520 | eastman chemical | 143 |
chemical brother | 507 | chemical dependency | 133 |
chemical peel | 439 | hazardous chemical | 132 |
swimming pool chemical | 389 | chemical elements | 129 |
hot tub chemical | 319 | chemical and pregnancy | 125 |
american chemical society | 309 | centrifugal chemical pump | 117 |
chemical company | 256 | sigma chemical | 115 |
a chemical romance | 243 | chemical safety | 113 |
cleaning chemical | 202 | chemical engineer | 107 |
chemical reaction | 200 | chemical compound | 102 |
chemical storage | 198 | sun chemical | 100 |
chemical weapon | 196 | chemical dictionary | 97 |
chemical supplier | 194 | chemical warfare | 95 |
chemical bank | 187 | chemical lyrics romance | 94 |
ashland chemical | 180 | specialty chemical | 91 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "chemical"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | kimik. (various references) | |
Arabic | كيميائي (alchemist), مادة كيميائية. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | химически. (various references) | |
Chinese | 化學 (chemistry), 化学制品. (various references) | |
Czech | chemikálie (chemicals), chemický. (various references) | |
Danish | kemiske produkter, kemisk, kemikalier (chemicals). (various references) | |
Dutch | chemisch, nucleair,biologisch,chemisch (Atomic, bacteriological and chemical, Bacteriological and Radiological, Biological and Chemical(Warfare), nuclear). (various references) | |
Farsi | کیمیاءی , شیمیاءی . (various references) | |
Finnish | kemiallinen. (various references) | |
French | chimique. (various references) | |
German | chemisch (chemically). (various references) | |
Greek | χημικόσ (chemist), χημική ουσία, χημικά προϊόντα. (various references) | |
Hebrew | כימי. (various references) | |
Hungarian | vegyi (nbc, sub-collection center), kémiai. (various references) | |
Indonesian | kimia (chemistry), bahan kimia. (various references) | |
Italian | prodotto chimico, chimico (chemist). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 薬品 (medicine), 化学製品 , 化学的 , ケプラー式望遠鏡 (chemical heat pump, chemical shoes, chemist, chemistry, Keplerian telescope, keratin, Quebec). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | かがくせいひん, かがくてき (scientific), ケミカル , やくひん (medicine). (various references) | |
Korean | 화학제품. (various references) | |
Manx | stoo kemmigagh, kemmigagh (chemist). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | emicalchay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | substância química, químico (chemist), químico, Nuclear,Biológico,Químico (Atomic, bacteriological and chemical, Bacteriological and Radiological, Biological and Chemical(Warfare), nuclear). (various references) | |
Romanian | chimicale (chemicals, dry salter), chimic (chemically). (various references) | |
Russian | химический. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | hemikalija, hemijski. (various references) | |
Spanish | sustancia química, quimico, qui/mico (chemist), químico (artificial, chemist). (various references) | |
Swedish | kemisk. (various references) | |
Turkish | kimyevi, kimyasal, kimya (chemistry, stinks). (various references) | |
Turkmen | himiki (r). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | хімічний, протихімічний захист. (various references) | |
Welsh | cemegol. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "chemical": chemically, chemicals. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "chemical": agrichemical, agrochemical, alchemical, biochemical, biogeochemical, cosmochemical, cytochemical, electrochemical, geochemical, histochemical, immunochemical, immunocytochemical, immunohistochemical, mechanochemical, neurochemical, nonchemical, petrochemical, photochemical, physicochemical, phytochemical, psychochemical, radiochemical, stereochemical, thermochemical. (additional references) | |
Words containing "chemical": agrichemicals, agrochemicals, alchemically, biochemically, biochemicals, biogeochemicals, electrochemically, geochemically, histochemically, immunochemically, immunocytochemically, neurochemicals, nonchemicals, petrochemicals, photochemically, physicochemically, phytochemically, psychochemicals, radiochemically. (additional references) | |
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"Chemical" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: achanical, cenical, chamical, chemcial, chemicle, Chimbima, Chunilal, Chymicall, Schemichal, Schmeicel, schmeichal. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "chemical" (pronounced ke"mukul) |
| 7 | k e" m u k u l | agrochemical, biochemical, photochemical. |
| 6 | -e" m u k u l | polemical. |
| 5 | -m u k u l | anatomical, domical. |
| 4 | -u k u l | aeronautical, allegorical, anarchical, anthropological, article, barnacle, biblical, Chronicle, clavicle, clerical, clinical, commonsensical, coracle, cortical, cuticle, diacritical, epochal, equivocal, etymological, farcical, follicle, geophysical, grammatical, hierarchical, hypothetical, impractical, spectacle, tentacle, maniacal, medical, meteorological, methodical, miracle, monocle, mythical, nautical, numerical, obstacle, Oracle, oratorical, particle, pinnacle, political, pontifical, practical, quizzical, radical, receptacle, reciprocal, satirical, skeptical, typical, unequivocal. |
| 3 | -k u l | acoustical, alphabetical, analytical, ankle, antithetical, apolitical, archaeological, archeological, astrological, astronautical, astronomical, asymmetrical, atypical, autobiographical, bicycle, bifocal, biographical, biological, biomedical, biotechnological, botanical, brickle, buckle, cackle, categorical, cervical, chronological, chuckle, circle, classical, comical, conical, crackle, critical, cubicle, cycle, cyclical, cylindrical, cynical, debacle, dermatological, diabolical, dialectical, ducal, ecclesiastical, ecological, economical, ecumenical, egotistical, electrical, electrochemical, electromechanical, elliptical, empirical, encircle, encyclical, epidemiological, eschatological, ethical, ethnical, evangelical, fanatical, fecal, fickle, fiscal, focal, freckle, galenical, geographical, geological, geometrical, geopolitical, gonococcal, grackle, granduncle, graphical, gynecological, hackle, heckle, helical, heretical, heterocercal, historical, honeysuckle, Huckle, hypercritical, hypocritical, hysterical, icicle, identical, ideological, illogical, immunological, Sokol, sparkle, speckle, spherical, sprinkle, statistical, stereotypical, stickle, strategical, suckle, surgical, symmetrical, tabernacle, tackle, tactical, technical, technological, teleological, testicle, theatrical, theological, inimical, ironical, jackal, knuckle, lackadaisical, lexical, liturgical, local, logical, logistical, lyrical, magical, mathematical, matriarchal, mechanical, meikle, metallurgical, metaphorical, metaphysical, methodological, metrical, Mickle, morphological, motorcycle, muckle, musical, mystical, mythological, neoclassical, neurological, nickel, Nickle, Nicol, nonelectrical, nonpolitical, nonsensical, nonsurgical, nontechnical, ontological, optical, ornithological, paradoxical, pathological, patriarchal, pedagogical, periodical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, pharmacological, philosophical, phonological, physical, physiological, pickle, popsicle, preclinical, problematical, prototypical, psychical, psychological, pumpernickel, puritanical, rabbinical, radiological, ramshackle, rankle, rascal, recycle, rhetorical, ruckle, runkle, sabbatical, semiclassical, semicylindrical, semitropical, serological, shackle, shekel, sickle, sociological, theoretical, tickle, tinkle, topical, toxicological, trickle, tricycle, tropical, twinkle, typographical, tyrannical, umbilical, uncle, uncritical, uneconomical, unethical, unicycle, unshackle, untypical, vehicle, vertical, viatical, virological, vocal, whimsical, Winkle, wrinkle, zoological. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: alchemic. | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-c-e-h-i-l-m" | |
-1 letter: caliche, chalice, macchie. | |
-2 letters: celiac, chemic, chicle, chimla, cicale, cliche, haemic, heliac, hiemal, malice. | |
-3 letters: acmic, almeh, amice, cache, camel, cecal, chela, chiel, chile, chime, clach, claim, clime, email, hemal, hemic, ileac, laich, leach, mache, macle, maile, malic, mecca, melic, miche, milch. | |
-4 letters: ache, acme, ahem, alec, alme, amie, calm, came, ceca, ceil, cham. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-c-e-h-i-l-m" | |
+1 letter: chemicals. | |
+2 letters: alchemical, chemically, chimerical, mechanical. | |
+3 letters: alchemistic, biochemical, catechismal, chameleonic, geochemical, mechanicals, melancholic, nonchemical. | |
+4 letters: accomplished, accomplisher, accomplishes, agrichemical, agrochemical, alchemically, biochemicals, chimerically, cytochemical, heroicomical, hypocalcemia, hypocalcemic, machicolated, mechanically, melancholiac, melancholics, microcephaly, nonchemicals. | |
+5 letters: accomplishers, agrichemicals, agrochemicals, alchemistical, biochemically, biomechanical, catecholamine, cephalometric, chemosurgical, cosmochemical, geochemically, histochemical, hypercalcemia, hypercalcemic, hypocalcemias, melancholiacs, mesencephalic, metencephalic, microcephalic, neurochemical, nonmechanical, petrochemical, photochemical, phytochemical, radiochemical, schematically. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Familiar 10. Quotations: Historic 11. Quotations: Fiction 12. Quotations: Non-fiction | 13. Quotations: Spoken 14. Quotations: Speeches 15. Usage Frequency 16. Names: Company Usage | 17. Expressions 18. Expressions: Internet 19. Translations: Modern 20. Abbreviations | 21. Acronyms 22. Derivations 23. Rhymes 24. Anagrams | 25. Bibliography |
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