Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Cancer |
CancerNoun1. Any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream. 2. A small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini. 3. The fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from June 21 to July 22. 4. Type genus of the family Cancridae. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "cancer" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Aerospace | See constellation.Abbreviation Cnc, Canc. (references) |
Botanical | A malignant tumor of any type. Treated with Adenanthera, Argemone, Carica, Haematoxylon, Hamelia, Piper, Renealmia, Tussacia. (references) |
Dream Interpretation | To have one successfully treated in a dream, denotes a sudden rise from obscure poverty to wealthy surroundings. To dream of a cancer, denotes illness of some one near you, and quarrels with those you love. Depressions may follow to the man of affairs after this dream. To dream of a cancer, foretells sorrow in its ugliest phase. Love will resolve itself into cold formality, and business will be worrying and profitless. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Health | Any one of a group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnormal and grow or multiply out of control. (references) |
Literature | Cancer (the Crab) appears when the sun has reached his highest northern limit, and begins to go backward towards the south; but, like a crab, the return is sideways (June 21st to July 23rd). According to fable, Cancer was the animal which Juno sent against Hercules, when he combated the Hydra of Lern. Cancer bit the hero's foot, but Hercules killed the creature,. and Juno took it up to heaven, and made it one of the twelve signs of the zodiac. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Religion & Philosophy | June 22-July 22(astrology); ca. May 20-ca. June 20(astronomy). Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Carcinogenesis is the creation of a cancer.
Cancer is, ultimately, a disease of genes. Typically, a series of several mutations is required before a cell becomes a cancer cell. We distinguish between oncogenes, which promote cancer when "switched on" by a mutation, and tumor suppressor genes, which prevent cancer unless "switched off" by a mutation. These mutations can have various causes: radiation or chemicals called carcinogens; some inherited predisposition is not uncommon; some viruses that can cause cancer have also been described. Usually, they carry in their genome some oncogene or tumor suppressor inactivating gene. In about 15% of all cancers, viruses seem to play a role. Finally, damage by free radicals, which are a natural by-product of oxygen metabolism, can cause mutations in the DNA.
For most of the cancers, it cannot be told which event was the initial cause. However, with molecular biology, it is possible to characterize the mutations within a tumor, and to a certain extent to predict its behavior. For example, about half of the tumors are deficient in the tumor suppressor gene p53, also known as "the guardian of the genome". This is associated with poor prospects for the patient, since those tumor cells are unlikely to go into apoptosis (programmed cell death) after they are damaged by therapy. There are more mutations that make a tumor more malignant. Telomerase mutations enable a tumor cell to divide indefinitely. Other mutations enable the tumor to grow new blood vessels to feed it, or to detach from the surrounding tissue, spreading to other parts of the body.
Malignant tumors such as carcinoma or sarcoma, lymphoma or leukemia originate from a cell or a group of cells in a multicellular organism that have several distinct properties:
In cellular model systems, cells are exposed to carcinogenic influences (chemicals, radiation). In these systems, the first signs of a cell developing into a tumor cell are :
The field of medicine concerned with the treatment of cancer is oncology.
Cancer has become an important problem with the rise in life expectancy, as the above mentioned mutations become more likely the longer a person lives. Though great progress in treatment has been made, most cancers in advanced stages remain incurable and ultimately fatal.
Treatment of cancer typically involves surgery to remove tumors and nearby lymph nodes to which the cancer may have spread, combined with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. The latter two target cells in the body that are rapidly dividing. This includes the cancer cells but also certain healthy ones, which is the reason for the severe side effects of these treatments.
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)Biology of malignant tumors
Carcinogenesis
A cell that degenerates into a tumor cell does usually not acquire all these properties at once, but its daughter cells are selected to build them. This process is called cellular evolution. A first step in the development of a tumor cell is usually a small change in the DNA, often a point mutation, which leads, among other things, to a genetic instability of the cell. The instability increases to a point where the cell loses whole chromosomes, or has double ones. Also, the DNA methylation pattern of the cell changes, activating and deactivating genes more or less at random. Cells that divide at a high rate, such as stem cells, show a higher risk of becoming tumor cells than those which divide less or not at all, for example, neurons. If the initial tumor cell (or group of tumor cells) is not removed by the immune system, it will develop into cancer.Metastasis
Cancers are capable of spreading through the body by two mechanisms: local invasion and distant metastasis. Invasion refers to the direct migration and penetration by cancer cells into neighboring tissues. Metastasis refers to the ability of cancer cells to penetrate into lymphatic and blood vessels, circulate through the bloodstream, and then invade normal tissues elsewhere in the body. Cancer is most deadly when it metastasizes.Forms of cancer
The term cancer is very broad and covers many different illnesses including:Clinical aspects
Treatments
Cure for Cancer Agencies
Below is a list of some well-known institutions dedicated to funding cancer research that would eventually lead to a cure for cancer.
See also
List of cancer patients -- Apoptosis -- Oncogene -- Tumor suppressor geneCancer (constellation)
| Cancer | |
 larger map | |
| Abbreviation | Cnc |
| Genitive | Cancri |
| Meaning in English | the Crab |
| Right ascension | 9 h |
| Declination | 20° |
| Visible to latitude | Between 90° and -60° |
| Best visible | March |
| Area - Total | Ranked 31st 506 sq. deg. |
| Number of stars with apparent magnitude < 3 | 0 |
| Brightest star - Apparent magnitude | Al Tarf (β Cnc) 3,5 |
| Meteor showers |
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| Bordering constellations |
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In astronomy and astrology, Cancer, the crab, is one of the twelve constellations of the zodiac. Cancer is small and dim, and to many it does not resemble a crab. It lies between Gemini to the west and Leo to the east, Lynx to the north and Canis Minor and Hydra to the south.
55 Cancri has a planetary system with two confirmed planets, one 0.84 times the mass of Jupiter and one possibly 5 times that mass.
Another deep sky object M67, near Acubens (α Cnc), is one of the oldest clusters in the sky, more than 10 billion years old. It is a large, faint open cluster of about 100 stars. Notable features
The brightest star in Cancer is β Cancri, called Al Tarf ("the end" of the crab's leg). Other stars include Acubens (α), and the Aselli (the Asses), Asellus Borealis (γ) and Australis (δ), supposed to represent the asses that Dionysus and Silenus rode into battle.Notable deep sky objects
Cancer is best noted among stargazers as the home of Praesepe (M44), an open cluster also called the Beehive Cluster or the Gate of Men, which contains the star η Cancri.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Cancer."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| CA 125 | Danish | Cancer antigen 125 | Medicine |
| CANCERLIT | English | Cancer Literature Abstracts | Computing, Information |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: CancerSynonyms: genus Cancer (n), malignant neoplastic disease (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Bane | Rust, worm, helminth, moth, moth and rust, fungus, mildew; dry rot; canker, cankerworm; cancer; torpedo; viper; (evil doer); demon. |
Disease | Sore, ulcer, abscess, fester, boil; pimple, wen; (swelling); carbuncle, gathering, imposthume, peccant humor, issue; rot, canker, cold sore, fever sore; cancer, carcinoma, leukemia, neoplastic disease, malignancy, tumor; caries, mortification, corruption, gangrene, sphacelus, sphacelation, leprosy; eruption, rash, breaking out. |
Pain | Cancer, ulcer, sting, thorn; canker; (bane); scorpion; (evil doer); dagger; (arms); scourge; (instrument of punishment); carking care, canker worm of care. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Human beings are a disease, a cancer of this planet, you are a plague, and we are the cure. (The Matrix; writing credit: Andy Wachowski; Larry Wachowski) I get cancer, I kill Jack. (Fight Club; writing credit: Jim Uhls) Cancer. I'm dying. (My Girl; writing credit: Laurice Elehwany. Starring Dan Aykroyd as Harry Sultenfuss, Jamie Lee Curtis as Shelly DeVoto, Macaulay Culkin as Thomas J. Sennett, and Anna Chlumsky as Vada Sultenfuss.) He claims he's killed more people than cancer. (Con Air; writing credit: Scott Rosenberg) I lost one to cancer and I lost the other because I was too busy keeping my job to do my job. Well, that ends right now. (The American President; writing credit: Aaron Sorkin) | |
Lyrics | Silence like a cancer grows ("Sounds of Silence"; performing artist: Simon & Garfunkel) | |
Clever | Lung Cancer in Women Mushrooms (references; author: unknown) It was recently discovered that research causes cancer in rats. (references; author: unknown) It has recently been discovered that research causes cancer in rats. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Tropic of Cancer (1970) Report on Cancer (1959) Cancer Fund Film Notables Attend Glittering Benefits (1951) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
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Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | A female patient is lying on a bed with a technician positioning the patient's head in preparation for radiotherapy. This photograph was used in the NCI publication "When Someone in Your Family Has Cancer".Credit: Michael Anderson (photographer). |  | Animal studies are necessary to confirm in vitro results before trials in human beings can be considered. One new approach is to enclose human cancer cells in microscopic capsules and grow them in laboratory-bred mice, which are then treated with a test drug.Credit: Mike Mitchell (photographer). |
 | Pictured are seven children peeking through a bannister railing on a staircase. They are looking down from what appears to be the second floor of a home. They are members of a Mormon family who are presently being studied for their low cancer death rate.Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |  | Much of the kidney has been replaced by gray and yellow tumor tissue. A little remaining renal cortex and pericapsular fat are visible at the bottom of this surgical specimen. Cancer.Credit: CDC. |
 | Arthur Godfrey, popular entertainer and smoker who later died of lung cancer, touts Chesterfield cigarettes as safe and "best for me." Tobacco, smoking.Credit: CDC. |  | This bacterium causes urinary tract infections, respiratory system infections, dermatitis, soft tissue infections, bacteremia and a variety of systemic infections, particularly in cancer and AIDS patients who are immunosuppressed.Credit: CDC. |
 | Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. The Dungeness Crab, Cancer Magister has a reddish-brown to purplish-brown carapace with white to ivory depressions and joints. It is most often found on sandy or muddy bottoms in subtidal regions and in eelgrass beds ranging from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, to Santa Barbara, California.Credit: National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERR). |  | Blackbellied rosefish and rock crab in 1000 ft. off New Jersey. Helicolenus (fish), Cancer (crab).Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP). |
 | Chief Master Sgt. of the Air Force Jim Finch stands before the casket of Medal of Honor recipient John L. Levitow, Nov. 17, at Arlington National Cemetery, Washington. Levitow died Nov. 8 at his home in Connecticut after a lengthy battle with cancer. (Pho. |  | A diet rich in soy and whey protein, found in products such as soy milk and low-fat yogurt, has been shown to reduce breast cancer incidence in rats. P.Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Peggy Greb.. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Denis Leary | Most people think life sucks, and then you die. Not me. I beg to differ. I think life sucks, then you get cancer, then your dog dies, your wife leaves you, the cancer goes into remission, you get a new dog, you get remarried, you owe ten million dollars in medical bills but you work hard for thirty-five years and you pay it back and then -- one day -- you have a massive stroke, your whole right side is paralyzed, you have to limp along the streets and speak out of the left side of your mouth and drool but you go into rehabilitation and regain the power to walk and the power to talk and then -- one day -- you step off a curb at Sixty-seventh Street, and BANG you get hit by a city bus and then you die. Maybe. |
Francesco Petrarch | Suspicion is the cancer of friendship. |
Lee Remick | Discussing her bout with cancer she said, "I learned a lot. I learned what matters, and what doesn't. I learned it doesn't make sense to let little things get you down." |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | Canker is a disease of plants, Cancer one of animals. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | To control the cancer. (references) | |
Sarcoidosis is not a cancer. (references) | ||
IBS does not lead to cancer. (references) | ||
Business | Cancer is a disease of great social and scientific concern in Argentina. (references) | |
This report analyzes the cancer diagnostic and therapy equipment sub-sector in Argentina. (references) | ||
Supplies for cancer diagnostic and treatment equipment have good potential if competitively priced. (references) | ||
Economic History | Russia | These include cancer and asthma drugs, insulin, etc. (references) |
China | In January 1976, Premier Zhou Enlai, a popular political figure, died of cancer. (references) | |
Poland | The most common causes of death in Poland are cardiovascular disease, cancer, injuries and accidents. (references) | |
Human Rights | China | He is suffering from cancer and was denied release on medical parole in April. (references) |
Iran | For a time, Kar was not allowed to travel abroad for medical treatment for breast cancer. (references) | |
Lebanon | In November 2000, one SLA detainee, Redwan Shakib Ibrahim, died of cancer and another SLA detainee, Barakat al'Amil, died of complications resulting from high blood pressure. (references) | |
Trade | Ukraine | Our activities address the urgent humanitarian and health needs of the people of Ukraine by: 1) supporting the government in moving from universal housing and communal services subsidies to targeted social services; 2) providing humanitarian assistance and strengthening the ability of non-governmental organizations to deliver social services; 3) laying the foundation for a sustainable system of pensions and social insurance; 4) providing training and supplies to improve the quality of and access to reproductive health care and the screening for and treatment of breast cancer; 5) supporting health partnerships for the promotion of primary health care and exchange of information, training and personnel; 6) providing thyroid cancer screening and psycho-social interventions to child victims of the Chernobyl accident, while strengthening the Ukrainian government's ability to respond to health and environmental crises; and 7) providing technical assistance in addressing both the TB and the STI/HIV/AIDS epidemics. (references) |
Worker Rights | Lithuania | In July the Government approved regulations on workers' safety when handling chemical substances and substances causing cancer and mutations. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Andrew Weil | It's a powerful anti-oxidant. It helps to treat diabetes, extends survival of breast cancer. Great protective against gum disease, good general anti-oxidant protection. |
Dennis Miller | What lifts my ass off the can is when people who have smoked for fifty years are amazed when they get lung cancer. |
Fran Drescher | I'm not a suer. I didn't sue anybody. I want to help people and I want to raise consciousness, and I want people, men and women alike, to become more aware of what early warning signs of cancer is and to empower themselves. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | New laser techniques could revolutionize heart bypass surgery, cut diagnosis time for viruses linked to cancer from weeks to minutes, reduce hospital costs dramatically, and hold out new promise for saving human lives. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | We have already discovered genes for breast cancer and diabetes. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Cancer" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 94.17% of the time. "Cancer" is used about 3,941 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 94.17% | 3,711 | 2,619 |
| Noun (proper) | 5.83% | 230 | 19,815 |
| Total | 100.00% | 3,941 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "cancer" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Cancer | Last name | 100 | 87,064 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
Expressions using "cancer": adenoid cystic cancer ♦ American Cancer Society ♦ aniline cancer ♦ bilateral cancer ♦ breast cancer ♦ breast cancer screening ♦ cancer body ♦ Cancer borealis ♦ Cancer Care Facilities ♦ cancer causing ♦ cancer cell ♦ Cancer cells ♦ cancer drug ♦ Cancer Information Service ♦ cancer irroratus ♦ cancer juice ♦ cancer magister ♦ cancer of the blood ♦ cancer of the liver ♦ cancer of unknown primary origin ♦ Cancer padurus ♦ cancer patient ♦ Cancer Prevention (Reducing the Risk) ♦ cancer root ♦ cancer stick ♦ cancer the Crab ♦ cancer treatment ♦ cancer vaccine ♦ Cancer Vaccines ♦ cancer weed ♦ centre for cancer and aids screening ♦ cervical cancer ♦ Colloid cancer ♦ colon cancer ♦ Colorectal Cancer ♦ core cancer ♦ cutaneous breast cancer ♦ diagnostic du cancer ♦ die of cancer ♦ distant cancer ♦ Encephaloid cancer ♦ Encephaloid Medullary or Soft cancer ♦ endocrine cancer ♦ endometrial cancer ♦ epithelial cancer ♦ Epithelial cancer or Epithelioma ♦ epithelial ovarian cancer ♦ extensive-stage small cell lung cancer ♦ genus Cancer ♦ glandular cancer ♦ green cancer ♦ gynecologic cancer ♦ Hard cancer ♦ hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer ♦ in situ cancer ♦ infiltrating cancer ♦ inflammatory breast cancer ♦ invasive cancer ♦ invasive cervical cancer ♦ islet cell cancer ♦ leptomeningeal cancer ♦ limited-stage small cell lung cancer ♦ liver cancer ♦ local cancer ♦ localized cancer ♦ localized gallbladder cancer ♦ locally advanced cancer ♦ lung cancer ♦ medullary cancer ♦ Merkel cell cancer ♦ metastatic cancer ♦ National Cancer Institute ♦ nonhematologic cancer ♦ nonmelanoma skin cancer ♦ non-small cell lung cancer ♦ oat cell cancer ♦ occupational cancer ♦ opportunistic cancer ♦ oral cancer ♦ ovarian epithelial cancer ♦ pancreatic cancer ♦ preinvasive cancer ♦ prostate cancer ♦ recurrent cancer ♦ refractory cancer ♦ regional cancer ♦ renal cell cancer ♦ Scirrhous cancer or Hard cancer ♦ second cancer ♦ skin cancer ♦ small cell lung cancer ♦ soft cancer ♦ stage I adrenocortical cancer ♦ stage I anal cancer ♦ stage I bladder cancer ♦ stage I breast cancer ♦ stage I cancer of the cervix ♦ stage I cancer of the esophagus ♦ stage I cancer of the uterus ♦ stage I cancer of the vulva ♦ stage I colorectal cancer. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "cancer": cancer-box, cancer-causing, cancer-conscious, cancer-fighting, cancer-forming, cancer-free, cancer-giving, cancer-growth, cancer-inducing, cancer-killing, cancer-like, cancer-pained, cancer-prevention, cancer-related, cancer-ridden, cancer-stricken, cancer-sufferers, cancer-victim. | |
Ending with "cancer": anti-cancer, breast-cancer, cervical-cancer, colon-cancer, lung-cancer, Non-cancer, terminal-cancer. | |
Containing "cancer": liver-cancer-causing. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
cancer | 8,990 |
breast cancer | 5,708 |
skin cancer | 4,222 |
prostate cancer | 3,776 |
lung cancer | 3,549 |
colon cancer | 3,524 |
ovarian cancer | 2,367 |
cervical cancer | 1,942 |
liver cancer | 1,480 |
pancreatic cancer | 1,266 |
bone cancer | 1,243 |
testicular cancer | 1,164 |
stomach cancer | 971 |
bladder cancer | 965 |
throat cancer | 906 |
thyroid cancer | 842 |
cancer treatment | 833 |
uterine cancer | 588 |
brain cancer | 582 |
kidney cancer | 549 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "cancer"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Afrikaan | kanker (canker). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | uriq (hedgehog), kancer, gaforrja. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | ورم خبيث (malignant, tumor, tumour), سرطان (carcinoma, crab), آفة مهلكة, برج السرطان (crab). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | язва (pit, ulcer), рак (carcinoma), злокачествен тумор, зло (abuse, bad, curse, disaster, evil, harm, ill, mischief, ulcer, wrong). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 癌 (carcinoma, erythema, leucoderm), 巨蟹星座. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | rakovina. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | carcinoma (but which may also spread via blood vessels, carcinoma), cancer (but which may also spread via blood vessels, cancrum, carcinoma, ulcerative lesion), Krebsen (Crab/the), kraeft (but which may also spread via blood vessels, cancrum, canker, carcinoma, cheese rind rot, ulcerative lesion), karcinom (but which may also spread via blood vessels, carcinoma). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | kanker (apple canker, but which may also spread via blood vessels, cancrum, canker, carcinoma, European canker, eye rot, ulcerative lesion), Kreeft (Crab/the, crayfish, European lobster, lobster). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | karcinomo, kancero (canker). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | سرطان(طب), خرچنگ (Crab). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | juustosyöpä (cheese rind rot). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | cancer (cancrum, canker). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Krebs (barnacle, canker, cheese rind rot, crab, Crab/the, crawfish, crayfish, crustacean, overissue, remainders, unsold copies). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | Καρκίvoς (Crab/the), καρκίνοσ, καρκίνος,κακοήθης όγκος (but which may also spread via blood vessels, carcinoma), δημιουργία μικρών σπηλαίων (cheese rind rot). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | סרטן (crab, prawn). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | rák (crawfish, crayfish, hard-shell). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | penyakit kanker, kanker. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | cancro (but which may also spread via blood vessels, cancrum, canker, carcinoma, cheese rind rot, Crab/the, ulcerative lesion). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 蟹座 , 座 , 癌 , キャリア組 (base, calibration, camp, camp in, camp site, camper, camper-van, campfire, camping, campus, campus shoes, campus wear, cancel, canceler, canceller, candle, candle service, candlestick, candy, cantaloupe, canter, canvas, career bureaucrats, carol, carriage, mobile home, model featured in an advertising campaign, RV). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | が" (ago, all, before, complete, entire, former, good, goodness, meal, niche or alcove for an image, one-time, overall, pan, prayer, previous, right, table, the above, tray, virtue, vow, whole, wish, Zen), かにざ, キャンサー . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | Yn Partan, kanghyr. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Norwegian | kreft. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | ancercay câncer (canker, carcinoma, crab, prawn). (various references) cancer, rac (corkscrew, crab), blestem (ban, blasphemy, calamity, curse, damn, damnation, execration, hardship, imprecation, malediction, offence, perdition). (various references) рак (carcinoma, crab, crawfish, crayfish, lobster), карцинома (carcinoma), бедствие (bale, bete noire, calamity, catastrophe, curse, disaster, distress, evil, plague, tribulation). (various references) craimhinn, aillse (diminutive creature). (various references) rak (canker, carcinoma, clam, crawfish, crayfish). (various references) cáncer (but which may also spread via blood vessels, cancrum, carcinoma, crab, Crab/the, ulcerative lesion). (various references) cancer. (various references) โรคมะเร็ง, มะเร็ง (big-C). (various references) yengeç burcu (tropic of cancer), kanser (carcinoma), kötü şey. (various references) рак (crawfish, crayfish), лихо (adversity, affliction, bad, bale, calamity, catastrophe, curse, disaster, harm, ill, mischief, mishap, plague, woe), біда (affliction, bale, calamity, catastrophe, evil, mischief, misfortune, need), болячка (sore, stigma), бич (beater, scourge). (various references) cancr (canker). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | Cancer. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | 2 Timothy Chapter 2, Verse 17 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Kai o logoV autwn wV gaggraina nomhn exei wn estin umenaioV kai filhtoV |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Et sermo eorum ut cancer serpit ex quibus est Hymeneus et Philetus |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And the word of hem crepith as a canker. Of whiche Filete is, and Ymeneus, |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | And their wordes shall fret even as doeth a cancre: of whose nombre ys Hymeneos and Philetos |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And their word will eat as doth a canker: of whom is Hymenaeus and Philetus; |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And their word will eat as doth a canker: of whom is Hymeneus and Philetus; |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And their words will be like poisoned wounds in the flesh: such are Hymenaeus and Philetus; |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | 2 Timothy Chapter 2, Verse 17 |
| Bulgarian | и да изтрезнеят, като се избавят от примката на дявола, (от когото са уловени живи), за да вършат Божията воля. |
| Cebuano | ug ang ilang sulosulti magaab-ab ingon sa kanggrina. Mga tawo nga ingon niini mao sila si Himeneo ug si Fileto, |
| Chinese | 他 們 的 話 如 同 ' 瘡 、 越 爛 越 大 ． 其 中 有 許 米 乃 ' " 理 ' ． |
| Croatian | i rijeè æe njihova kao rak-rana izgrizati. Od njih su Himenej i Filet, |
| Danish | og deres Ord vil æde om sig som Kræft. Iblandt dem ere Hymenæus og Filetus, |
| Dutch | En hun woord zal voorteten, gelijk de kanker; onder welke is Hymeneus en Filetus; |
| Finnish | ja heidän puheensa jäytää ympäristöään niinkuin syöpä. Niitä ovat Hymeneus ja Filetus, |
| French | De ce nombre sont Hyménée et Philète, |
| German | und ihr Wort frißt um sich wie der Krebs; unter welchen ist Hymenäus und Philetus, |
| Haitian Creole | Pawòl y'ap di yo, se tankou yon maladi k'ap manje tout kò yo. Nan moun sa yo gen Imene ak Filèt. |
| Hungarian | És az õ beszédök mint a rákfekély terjed; közülök való Himenéus és Filétus. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Ajaran orang-orang itu menjalar seperti penyakit kanker yang ganas. Di antara mereka termasuk Himeneus dan Filetus. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | dan perkataan mereka itu makan dalam seperti pekung; di antara mereka itu ada Himeneus dan Piletus, |
| Italian | la parola di costoro infatti si propagher come una cancrena. Fra questi ci sono Imenèo e Filèto, |
| Korean | 희 말 은 독 한 창 질 의 썩 어 감 과 같 은 데 그 중 에 후 " 내 오 와 빌 도 가 있 느 니 라 |
| Latvian | Un viòu runa izplatâs kâ vçzis. Tâdi ir Himenejs un Filçts, |
| Maori | A ka kaikai ta ratou kupu, ano he mea kua kikohangatia: no ratou a Himeniu raua ko Piritu; |
| Modern Greek | και ο λογος αυτων θελει κατατρωγει ως γαγγραινα· εκ των οποιων ειναι ο Υμεναιος και ο Φιλητος, |
| Norwegian | og deres ord vil ete om sig som dødt kjøtt. Blandt disse er Hymeneus og Filetus, |
| Portuguese | e as suas palavras alastrarão como gangrena; entre os quais estão Himeneu e Fileto, |
| Rumanian | Wi cuvkntul lor va roade ca gangrena. Din numqrul acestora sknt Imeneu wi Filet, |
| Russian | Й УМПЧП ЙИ, ЛБЛ ТБЛ, 'Х"ЕФ ТБУ ТПУФТБОСФШУС. фБЛПЧЩ йНЕОЕК Й жЙМЙФ, |
| Shuar | Ni jintiniamusha sunkurjai métek pampaawai. Iminíusha tura Piritiusha nu shuar ainiawai. |
| Spanish | Y la palabra de ellos carcomerá como gangrena. Entre ellos se cuentan Himeneo y Fileto, |
| Swahili | Mafundisho ya aina hiyo ni kama donda linalokula mwili. Miongoni mwa hao waliofundisha hayo ni Humenayo na Fileto. |
| Swedish | och deras tal skall fräta omkring sig såsom ett kräftsår. Av det slaget äro Hymeneus och Filetus; >1 Tim. 1,20. |
| Thai | และคำพู"ของเขาจะแพร่ออกไปเหมือนแผลเนื้อร้าย ในพวกนั้นมีฮีเมเนอัสกับฟิเลทัสเป็นต้น |
| Ukrainian | а їхн" слово, як рак, буде ширитися. 'ід таких "іменей і Філіт, |
| Uma | Tudui' to hewa toe melelei hewa haki' pai' mpakada'a katuwu' wori' tauna. Himeneus pai' Filetus, hira' roduaa toe-mi to mpokeni tudui' to dada'a hewa toe. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "cancer": cancerous, cancerously, cancers. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "cancer": anticancer. (additional references) | |
Words containing "cancer": noncancerous, precancerous. (additional references) | |
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