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Definitions: Calculation |
CalculationNoun1. The procedure of calculating; determining something by mathematical or logical methods. 2. Problem solving that involves numbers or quantities. 3. Planning something carefully and intentionally; "it was the deliberation of his act that was insulting". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "calculation" was first used: 14th century. (references) |
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| CAIN | English | Calculation of Inertia | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A calculation is a deliberate process for transforming one or more inputs into one or more results.
The term is used in a variety of senses, from the very definite arithmetical calculation using an algorithm to the vague heuristics of calculating a strategy in a competition or calculating the chance of a successful relationship between two people.
Multiplying 7 by 8 is a simple algorithmic calculation.
Estimating the fair price for a financial instrument using the Black-Scholes model is a complex algorithmic calculation.
Statistical estimations of the likely election results from opinion polls also involve algorithmic calculations, but give results that are ranges of possibilities rather than exact answers.
Deciding the best way to build a relationship with a member of the opposite sex may also result from a calculation, but is not definite, predictable, nor even clearly defined. This indefinite application of the term gives it a second area of meaning apart from the mathematical senses mentioned above.
See also: mathematics, calculator, abacus, list of algorithms
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Calculation."
Synonyms: CalculationSynonyms: computation (n), deliberation (n), figuring (n), reckoning (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Caution | Noun: caution; cautiousness; Adjective: discretion, prudence, cautel, heed, circumspection, calculation, deliberation. |
Expectation | Noun: expectation, expectance, expectancy; anticipation, reckoning, calculation; foresight. |
Inquiry | Sifting; calculation, analysis, dissection, resolution, induction; Baconian method. |
Neglect | Slur over, skip over, jump over, slip over; pretermit, miss, skip, jump, omit, give the go-by to, push aside, pigeonhole, shelve, sink; table; ignore, shut one's eyes to, refuse to hear, turn a deaf ear to; leave out of one's calculation; not attend to; not mind; not trouble oneself about, not trouble one's head about, not trouble oneself with; forget; be caught napping; (not expect); leave a loose thread; let the grass grow under one's feet. |
Numeration | Noun: numeration; numbering; Verb: pagination; tale, recension, enumeration, summation, reckoning, computation, supputation; calculation, calculus; algorithm, algorism, rhabdology, dactylonomy; measurement; statistics. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Charles Baudelaire | Everything that is beautiful and noble is the product of reason and calculation. |
Charles Dickens | With affection beaming in one eye, and calculation shining out of the other. |
Henri Frederic Amiel | Common sense is calculation applied to life. |
John Henry Newman | Calculation never made a hero. |
Marquis De Custine | The circumstances of human society are too complicated to be submitted to the rigor of mathematical calculation. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | It has pitilessly torn asunder the motley feudal ties that bound man to his "natural superiors," and has left remaining no other nexus between man and man than naked self-interest, than callous "cash payment." It has drowned the most heavenly ecstasies of religious fervour, of chivalrous enthusiasm, of philistine sentimentalism, in the icy water of egotistical calculation. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Insurance contracts shall be considered as contracts of life assurance for the purpose of paragraphs 11 to 14 when they depend on the probabilities of human life combined with the rate of interest for the calculation of the reciprocal engagements between the two parties. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Wellington was the Barreme of war, Napoleon was its Michael Angelo, and this time genius was vanquished by calculation. |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | When he looked down at her he saw in her eyes a measuring of him, a calculation of him. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | The resulting calculation suggested that only $ 810,000 was spent in 1999 on structural steel in Argentine housing. (references) | |
Belgian consumers pay 21 % value added tax (VAT); however, VAT should not be included in export pricing calculation. (references) | ||
The federal government proclaimed as a target of the ongoing reform to boost tax revenue by making tax calculation and collection. (references) | ||
Economic History | Russia | The calculation for VAT on imports is based on the customs value of the item plus customs duties and customs fees. (references) |
Panama | For the sake of illustration, the calculation below demonstrates average costs added to a product before it reaches the consumer. (references) | |
Panama | Since this value-added tax is payable on all goods, domestic and imported, and is passed through to the consumer, it is not included in this calculation. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Nicaragua | Critics of government policy cited extremely high unemployment rates, but calculation of reliable employment statistics was complicated because most of the working indigenous population on the Atlantic coast is engaged in subsistence fishing, farming, and mining. (references) |
Political Economy | OMAN | However, given Omani oil revenue accounting noted above, this kind of calculation does not give an accurate picture of Oman's overall financial position. (references) |
TUNISIA | Tunisia is hoping that the Association Agreement will increase U.S. manufacturing investment by offering duty-free exports to the EU. However, the calculation of required minimum local value-added content to qualify for such treatment remains unclear. (references) | |
Trade | Australia | The first step in calculating GST is the calculation of duty against the Customs value. (references) |
Vietnam | Officially, overdue loans in the banking system were about 12%-14% of total assets in mid-1999, although the basis of the calculation is unclear. (references) | |
Vietnam | Vietnam has not adopted the Basel capital accord so details of risk-adjusted assets and calculation of risk-adjusted capital ratios are not calculated or disclosed. (references) | |
Travel | Australia | The reversal of the seasons (and hence of daylight saving time in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres) complicates the time zone calculation. (references) |
Worker Rights | Latvia | The actual average monthly minimum wage (the calculation of which includes wages of part-time employees and agricultural workers) is $260 (164 lats). (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Benjamin Harrison | 1889-1893 | God has placed upon our head a diadem and has laid at our feet power and wealth beyond definition or calculation. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Calculation" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.91% of the time. "Calculation" is used about 1,079 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.91% | 1,078 | 6,975 |
| Noun (common) | 0.09% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,079 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "calculation": binary calculation ♦ calculation grid ♦ calculation of present value ♦ calculation rules ♦ calculation table ♦ cost calculation ♦ Monte Carlo calculation ♦ natural calculation ♦ network calculation ♦ numerical calculation ♦ preliminary calculation ♦ premium calculation ♦ proviso calculation ♦ relativity calculation ♦ repetitive calculation ♦ rough calculation ♦ type of calculation. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "calculation": cross-calculation, re-calculation. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
mortgage calculation | 971 |
roi calculation | 812 |
loan calculation | 238 |
calculation | 168 |
amortization calculation | 143 |
interest calculation | 124 |
calculation point watcher weight | 123 |
child support calculation | 108 |
calculation satellite | 101 |
mortgage payment calculation | 96 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "calculation"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaan | rekening (account, bill, invoice), berekening (account, bill). (various references) | |
Albanian | të menduarit (meditation, reflection, reflexion, thinking), supozim (assumption, conjecture, guess, guesswork, presumption, presupposition, supposition), njehsim (calculus, computation, count, reckoning), llogaritje (account, accountancy, accounting, assessment, cast, computation, estimate, numeration, reckoning, recording), llogari (account, charge account, design, score), kalkulim, hesapi (account, bill). (various references) | |
Arabic | حساب (account, computation, counting, enumeration, reckoning, tab, tally), حسبان (computation, compute), حذر (admonish, advise, alert, alertness, be careful, be wise, beware, cagey, calculating, canny, care, careful, caution, cautious, cautiousness, chariness, chary, considerate, discreet, discreetness, discretion, exhort, fabian, forewarn, guard, guarded, guarding, heedful, leery, look behind, look out, lookout, mind, on the alert, on the lookout, prudence, prudent, safe, shy, shyness, sound an alarm, suspicious, take care, vigilance, vigilant, wariness, warn, wary, watch, wide awake), تروي (premeditation), إجراء للحساب, روية. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | калкулация, пресмятане (count, estimate, estimation, numeration, reckoning), преценка (adjudgment, appraisal, assessment, criticism, estimate, estimation, judgement, opinion, pronouncement, sapience, sight, valuation, verdict), изчисление (cast, compute, estimate, guess, logistics, numeration, reckoning, working out). (various references) | |
Chinese | "算 (Calculate, Calculated, Calculating), "算 (intention, plan, to calculate, to intend, to plan). (various references) | |
Czech | výpoèet (enumeration), propoèet, poèítání (account, count, reckoning), odhad (appraisal, appraisement, approximation, assessment, estimate, estimation, guess, rating, taxation, valuation), kalkulace. (various references) | |
Danish | regning (account, bill). (various references) | |
Dutch | rekening (acc., account, bill, check). (various references) | |
Esperanto | komputo (computation), kalkulo (bill), kalkulado (computation). (various references) | |
Farsi | محاسبه (Computation), حساب (Account, Arithmetic, Score, Tab, Tale, Tally), براورد (Assessment, Estimate, Survey). (various references) | |
Finnish | lasku (account, bill, cast, casting, check, invoice, note, pouring, tapping), laskenta (calculus, census, computing, evaluation), laskelma (estimate), arviolaskelma (estimate), arviokauppa (estimate). (various references) | |
French | note, calcul (calculus, calculus I). (various references) | |
Frisian | besifering (computation), berekken (computation). (various references) | |
German | Berechnung (account, charge, computation, counting, design, estimation, expedience, expediency, invoicing, reckoning, theory), kalkulation (budgeting, computation, costing). (various references) | |
Greek | υπολογίσμοσ, λογαριασμόσ (account, bill, count, reckoning, score, tab, tally). (various references) | |
Hawaiian | hesapi (account, bill). (various references) | |
Hebrew | תחשיב, חשוב (big, considerable, important, score, significant, substantial, sum, tally). (various references) | |
Hungarian | számítás (account, anticipation, bill, calculi, calculus, cast, count, estimate, reckoning), kiszámítás (estimate, ranging, reckoning), költségvetés (budget, estimate, estimation). (various references) | |
Indonesian | perhitungan (account), bilangan (amount, fate, group, numeral), anggaran (consideration). (various references) | |
Italian | calcolo (account, calculus, calculus I, computation, count, design, estimating, gallstone, gravel, number crunching, reckoning, stone, theory), conto (acc., account, bill, check, count, esteem, reckoning, regard, score, tallying, toll). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 勘定 (allowance, consideration, counting, reckoning, settlement of an account). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | さ"しゅつ (computation, produce, yield), さ"よう (computation, in the shape or form of a mountain, Sanyo, Sanyo district, south side of a mountain), さ"てい (computation, estimation, process, revision of a passage), う"ざ" (mathematical operation), か"じょう (aboard a warship, allowance, annulation, consideration, coronary, counting, defending soldier, emotion, feeling, letter of commendation, reckoning, ring-forming, sentiment, settlement of an account, tubular), もくさ" (anticipation, estimate, expectations, plan), けいさ" (paperweight, reckoning), さ" (self-interest, selfishness). (various references) | |
Korean | 계산 (Computation, Compute, Computing, figuring). (various references) | |
Malay | rekening (account, bill), daftar (account, bill, list). (various references) | |
Manx | kialg (craft, craft slyness, craftiness, deceit, duplicity, fiddle, fizz, guile, insidiousness, perfidiousness, sedition, subtlety, swindle, swizzle, treachery), earrooaght (arithmetical), crout (craftiness, stratagem, trick), coontys (commentary, count, financial account, statement), claghoolys. (various references) | |
Norwegian | regning (account, bill, invoice). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | alculationcay.(various references) | |
Polish | rachunek (account, bill). (various references) | |
Portuguese | cálculo (account, appraisal, appraisement, calculus, cast, clearing-off, computation, compute, concretion, design, estimate, measurement, number crunching, numerator, putting, rate, reckoning, sum, tally, theory, working out), conta (account, bead, bill, check, cheque, count, invoice, reckoning, sum). (various references) | |
Romanian | calculare (reckoning), calcul (account, calculus, casting, computation, concretion, estimate, estimation, numeration, rate, sum), socotire, socotealã (account, bill, cast, check, computation, consideration, count, counting, idea, offset, pay off, profit, reckoning, reflection, shot, supposition), platå (account, bill), estimare (appraisal, appraisement), apreciere (appreciation, assessment, esteem, estimate, estimation, judgment, opinion, pat on the back, reckoning, recognition, value). (various references) | |
Russian | расчет (accounting, clearing-off, computation, estimation, reckoning, valuation), вычисление (computation, eval, reckoning), взвешивание (weighing), обдумывание (cogitation, deliberation). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | računica, računanje (computation, computing, numeration, reckoning), račun (account, arithmetic, bill, calculus, check, chit, count, reckoning, tab). (various references) | |
Spanish | cuenta (account, an account, bead, bill, check, count, estimate, invoice, reckoning, score, tab, tally), cálculo (accounting cost, calculus, computation, computing, counting, estimate, gallstone, number crunching, reckoning, stone). (various references) | |
Swedish | beräkning (account, apportionment, computation, computing, estimate, estimation, forethought, numeration, projection, reckoning), uträkning, räkning (account, bill, billing, cast, count, counting, enumeration, invoice, reckoning, score, tally), kalkyl (computation, estimate). (various references) | |
Tagalog | kuwenta (account, bill). (various references) | |
Thai | การคำนว" (determination), การคา"การ"์ (guess). (various references) | |
Turkish | tahmin (approximation, conjecture, divination, estimate, estimation, forecast, guess, judgement, outlook, prediction, presumption, presupposition, prognostication, prophecy, shot, speculation, supposition, surmise), hesaplama (computation, reckoning, sums), hesap sonucu, hesap (account, arithmetic, bill, calculus, computation, count, counting, estimate, reckoning, score, settling, sum, sums), düşünüp taşınma (chew, cogitation), öngörü (foresight, prescience, prudence), çıkar hesabı. (various references) | |
Turkmen | rasзяot (r) (estimation). (various references) | |
Ukranian | розрахунок (accounting, computation), рахування, кошторис (computation, estimate), калькуляція, виважування, обчислення (computation, evaluation, numeration, reckoning), обміркування (deliberation), підрахунок (computation, compute, count, counting, enumeration, estimation), прогноз (prognosis, prognostication), приміряння, припущення (admission, assumption, conjecture, guess, hypothesis, inference, perhaps, presumption, presupposition, subaudition, suppose, supposition, surmise, theory). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sự trù tính, sự tính toán hơn thiệt sự trù liệu, sự tính toán kết quả tính toán sự cân nhắc, sự tính (keenness, reckoning), sự đắn đo (scruple, scrupulousness). (various references) | |
Zulu | iakhawunti (account, bill). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | calculo, calculus, compotus, compotus, computus, conputatio, dinumerationem, ratio. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "calculation": calculational, calculations. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "calculation": miscalculation, recalculation. (additional references) | |
Words containing "calculation": miscalculations, recalculations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Calculation" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: acculation, arculation, calcucation, calculatio, calculatioon, caluclation, clalculation, sacculation. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "calculation" (pronounced ka'lkyulā"shun) |
| 11 | k a' l k y u l ā" sh u n | recalculation. |
| 9 | -l k y u l ā" sh u n | miscalculation. |
| 8 | -k y u l ā" sh u n | articulation, inoculation, speculation. |
| 7 | -y u l ā" sh u n | accumulation, coagulation, confabulation, depopulation, deregulation, emulation, formulation, granulation, manipulation, overpopulation, overregulation, ovulation, population, regulation, reregulation, simulation, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, tabulation, tribulation. |
| 6 | -u l ā" sh u n | adulation, annihilation, appellation, assimilation, cancellation, capitulation, compilation, congratulation, consolation, constellation, correlation, demodulation, desolation, distillation, elation, escalation, exhalation, extrapolation, fibrillation, gastrulation, inhalation, installation, insulation, isolation, jubilation, modulation, mutilation, oscillation, revelation, titillation, vacillation, ventilation, violation. |
| 5 | -l ā" sh u n | contemplation, deflation, dilation, disinflation, ejaculation, hyperinflation, inflation, legislation, reflation, relation, stagflation, translation, triangulation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abomination, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accusation, acidification, activation, adaptation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, advocation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, aspiration, assassination, association, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calibration, cannibalization, capitalization, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, codification, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communication, communization, compensation, complication, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolidation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, corroboration, creation, cremation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, defamation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, disqualification, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, elaboration, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, expropriation, extermination, fabrication, facilitation, falsification, fascination, federation, fermentation, fertilization, figuration, filtration, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, generalization, generation, gentrification, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, information, inhabitation, initiation, innovation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, instigation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, integration, intensification, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, justification, laceration, lactation, legalization, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, malformation, manifestation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, molestation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overvaluation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, precipitation, predestination, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recantation, recapitalization, recertification, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, replication, representation, repudiation, reputation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, saturation, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, situation, socialization, solicitation, sophistication, specialization, specification, stabilization, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, suffocation, summation, superstation, syndication, taxation, telecommunication, temptation, termination, toleration, transformation, transillumination, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, visitation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-c-c-i-l-l-n-o-t-u" | |
-2 letters: allantoic. | |
-3 letters: lactonic, nautical. | |
-4 letters: account, acicula, actinal, alation, ancilla, auction, calculi, callant, catcall, caution, cloacal, conical, council, cullion, inocula, laconic, lacunal, lanital, linocut, lunatic, outlain. | |
-5 letters: action, actual, alcaic, alnico, atonal, atonic, calico, callan, canola, cantic, canula, catalo, cation, catlin, cicala, citola, clinal, cloaca, clonal, clonic, cocain, coital, cultic, incult, lactic, lacuna, laical, latino, lintol, loculi, occult, oilcan, talion, tincal, toluic, toucan, tunica, uncial, uncoil. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-c-c-i-l-l-n-o-t-u" | |
+1 letter: calculations. | |
+2 letters: calculational, recalculation. | |
+3 letters: miscalculation, occupationally, recalculations. | |
+4 letters: acculturational, anacoluthically, circumvallation, coeducationally, miscalculations. | |
+5 letters: circumvallations, undemocratically. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)43 61 6C 63 75 6C 61 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)-.-. .- .-.. -.-. ..- .-.. .- - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000011 01100001 01101100 01100011 01110101 01101100 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)C a l c u l a t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0043 0061 006C 0063 0075 006C 0061 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)3767786987786786758180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Quotations: Familiar 7. Quotations: Historic 8. Quotations: Fiction | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Quotations: Speeches 11. Usage Frequency 12. Expressions | 13. Expressions: Internet 14. Translations: Modern 15. Translations: Ancient 16. Abbreviations | 17. Acronyms 18. Derivations 19. Rhymes 20. Anagrams | 21. Orthography 22. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
