By

Definition: By

By

Adjective

1. Minor or subordinate; `by' is often used in combination; "a side interest"; "a by (or bye) effect"; "only a by comment"; "by-election"; "bye-election"; "a by-product"; "by-play".

Adverb

1. So as to pass a given point; "every hour a train goes past".

2. In reserve; not for immediate use; "started setting aside money to buy a car"; "put something by for her old age"; "has a nestegg tucked away for a rainy day".

Date "by" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references)

Etymology: By \By\ (b[imac]), preposition [Old English bi, Anglo-Saxon b[=i], big, near to, by, of, from, after, according to; akin to Old Saxon & Old Flemmish bi, be, Dutch bij, Old High German b[=i], German bei, Gothic bi, and perhaps Greek 'amfi`. English prefix be- is orig. the same word. See prefix Be-.]. (references)

Specialty Definition: By

Domain	Definition
Computing	By The country code for Belarus. (1999-01-27). Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing.
Bible	By in the expression "by myself" (A.V., 1 Cor. 4:4), means, as rendered in the Revised Version, "against myself." Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary.
Literature	By Meaning against. "I know nothing by myself, yet am I not thereby justified." (1 Cor. iv. 4.) By. Source: Brewer's Dictionary.
Tips from 1870	Usage: By, In. "We do not accept the proposition referred to by your letter." The writer should have employed the preposition in. Usage: With, By. These two prepositions are often confounded. They have a similarity of signification with a difference of use. Both imply a connection between some instrument or means and the agent by whom it is used. With signifies the closer relation and by the more remote one. It is said that an ancient king of Scotland once asked his nobles by what tenure they held their lands. The chiefs drew their swords, saying, "By these we acquired our lands, and with these we will defend them." By often relates to the person; with to the instrument. "He lay on the ground half concealed with a clump of bushes." "That speech was characterized with eloquence." Use by in the last two sentences. Source: Slips of Speech.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Date	English Name	Local Name	Remarks
January 1	New Year	Novy Hod
January 7	Orthodox Christmas
January 14	Orthodox New Year
March 8	International Women's Day
March 15	Constitution Day		Adopted in 1994
May 1	International Labor Day
May 9	Victory Day		Denotes the victory against Germany in World War II
July 3	Independence Day
December 25	Catholic Christmas
Movable	Catholic Easter
Movable	Orthodox Easter
9 days after Orthodox Easter	Commemoration Day	Radunica

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
Entry	Source	Expression	Field
BY	Danish	Republikken Belarus	Geography
BY	Dutch	Republiek Belarus	Geography
BY	English	Belarus	Geography
BY	Finnish	Valko-Venäjä	Geography
BY	French	République du Bélarus	Geography, Law
BY	German	Republik Weissrussland	Geography, Law
BY	Greek	Λευκορωσία	Geography
BY	Italian	Repubblica di Belarus	Geography, Law
BY	Portuguese	Bielorrússia	Geography
BY	Spanish	Bielorrusia	Geography
BY	Swedish	Vitryssland	Geography
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Instrumentality	Adverb: through, by, per; whereby, thereby, hereby; by the agency of; by dint of; by virtue of, in virtue of; through the medium of; Noun: along with; on the shoulders of; by means of; by the aid of, with the aid of; (assistance).
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	Terrified mortified petrified stupefied by you. (A Beautiful Mind; writing credit: Akiva Goldsman) Jane, what if he worships you? What if he's got a shrine with pictures of you surrounded by dead people's heads and stuff (American Beauty; writing credit: Alan Ball) why you hardly sleep, why you live alone, and why night after night, you sit by your computer (The Matrix; writing credit: Andy Wachowski and Larry Wachowski.) Some cultures are defined by their relationship to cheese (Benny and Joon ; writing credit: Barry Berman) He was then joined by a dwarf dressed as a nun. (Moulin Rouge!; writing credit: Baz Luhrmann; Craig Pearce)
Lyrics	Oh stand by me, stand by me, stand by me ("Stand By Me"; performing artist: Ben E. King) The nights gone by (Pass You By; performing artist: Boyz II Men) Days go by and still I think of you (Days Go By; performing artist: DIRTY VEGAS) If you don't know me by now ("If You Don't Know Me By Now"; performing artist: Harold Melvin/Blue Notes) I'm hanging by a moment here with you (Hanging By A Moment; performing artist: Lifehouse)
Clever	You can observe a lot just by watching. (references; author: Yogi Berra) By trying we can easily learn to endure adversity -- another man's. (references; author: Mark Twain) I'm astounded by people who want to 'know' the universe when it's hard enough to find your way around Chinatown. (references; author: Woody Allen) Stolen Painting Found by Tree (references; author: unknown) Body By Nautilus; Brain By Mattel. (references; author: unknown)
Tongue Twisters	Gus goes by Blue Goose bus. (references; author: unknown) It seems themes are sought by thousands of mythical misses. (references; author: unknown) Sally sells seashells by the seashore. (references; author: unknown) She sells seashells by the seashore. The shells she sells are surely seashells. So if she sells shells on the seashore, I'm sure she sells seashore shells. (references; author: unknown) Stockings stuffed softly by Santa. (references; author: unknown)
Movie/TV Titles	By Hoot or by Crook (1974) Columbo: By Dawn's Early Light (1974) Fritz Lang Interviewed by William Friedkin (1974) Music with Roots in the Aether: Opera for Television by Robert Ashley (1974) One by One (1974)
Song Titles	Stand By Me (performing artist: The Blenders) Amarillo By Morning (performing artist: George Strait) BY THE TIME I GET TO PHOENIX (performing artist: Glen Campbell ) Day by Day (performing artist: Godspell) Heartaches By The Number (performing artist: Guy Mitchell)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Domain	Title
References	Play By Play Toys & Novelties, Inc.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference) The 2001 Report on Shoe Polish: World Market Segmentation by City (reference) The 2001 Long-Run Global Growth Prospects for Accident & Health Insurance and Medical Service Plans Sold by Life Insurance Companies: A Physioeconomic Perspective (reference) The 2000-2005 Outlook for Life Insurance Sold by Life Insurance Companies in Latin America (reference) The 2003-2008 World Outlook for Retail Sales by Bakers (reference) (more reference examples)

Books	1-2-3 Draw Wild Animals: A Step by Step Guide (123 Draw) (reference) War Maps: World War II, from September 1939 to August 1945, Air, Sea, and Land, Battle by Battle (Us) (reference) A New Vision for Human Resources: Defining the Human Resources Function by Its Results (Crisp Management Library, 19) (reference) The 80/20 Principle: The Secret to Success by Achieving More with Less (reference) Our Bodies, Ourselves : A Book by and for Women: 25th Anniversary (reference) (more book examples)

Periodicals	Acea Monthly Dwelling Report - By Builder (reference) Ephemera Journal : Compiled By The Ephemera Society (reference) Europe By Fingertip (reference) Faculty Salary Survey By Discipline (reference) Florida Education Directory By Fasa (reference) (more periodical examples)

Theater & Movies	Mark Twain - A Film Directed by Ken Burns (reference) North by Northwest - Special Edition (reference) (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Music	Tiszta forrás (Pure Springs): Hungarian Folk Tunes and Their Arrangements in Works by Bartók and Kodály (reference) Yu-Gi-Oh: Music to Duel By [SOUNDTRACK] (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)

High Tech	KATA BY TIFFEN CCC-101 Case for Compact Camcorders (reference) Die by the Sword (reference) WORKSTATION CHASSIS ATHLON BY (reference) Nike 128MB Portable Sports Audio Player by Philips (ACT21017) (reference) Nike 64MB Sport Digital Audio Player by Philips (ACT20017) (reference) (more camera examples; more video game examples; more computer examples; more electronic examples; more software examples)

Consumer Goods	Hunter Side by Side Umbrella (reference) Ovations by Oneida Islet Stainless Steel Flatware, 53-Piece Service for 8 (reference) Ovations by Oneida Strauss Stainless Steel Flatware, 53-Piece Service for 8 (reference) Freud 12-100 1/4" Diameter by 3/4" Double Flute Straight Router Bit with 1/2" Shank (reference) Good Grips 16019 25' by 1" Tape Measure (reference) (more baby examples; more wireless phone examples; more garden examples; more kitchen examples; more tool examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	A pen and ink drawing showing a woman getting a mammogam and assisted by a radiology technician. Credit: Al Louang (artist).		A woman's head is being secured by a female technician, preparing the woman for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Credit: Unknown photographer/artist.
	Scorbutic-type gums due to Scurvy caused by vitamin C deficiency. Credit: CDC.		Tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii are visible within a pseudocyst in a striated myocardial myocyte. Reproduction by endodyogeny is visible. Parasite. Credit: CDC.
	"Catenoid" by Carlos César de Araújo.		"Eckige Ringe" (movie) by Rainer Wonisch.
	Cloudless Outer Banks as Eyed By SeaWiFS. Credit: NASA.		Central American Fires Viewed by Two Goddard Spacecraft. Credit: NASA.
	Gemini Crew Welcomed by Wasp Crew. Credit: NASA.		Replica of Plaque Left on Moon by Apollo 17 Astronauts. Credit: NASA.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.


"Luzern by Night" by Mad Joe Briggs Commentary: "A snapshot that turned out.... see mstamm.imgaming.com .. for more."	"Overpowered by the sky" by Nathan Sudds Commentary: "Powerlines overhead in a field, north Ajax, Ontario, Canada - scenes like this cause me to be amazed by God's creation :) Hope someone can use it, resolution isn't as good as I would have liked <br> <br>Shot on a Canon S10 digital cam (2.0"
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

Play	Caption	Play	Caption
	The opening of the "Moonlight Sonata" composed by Beethoven.		An upbeat folk rock style piece played by two guitar.
	A blues highly influenced by the country styles of the rural U.S.		Mysterious texture created by arpeggiated harpsichord and synthesized ambient sounds.
	Excerpt from the "Well-Tempered Clavier Book 1" by Bach.		Very rhythmic example played by sparse drums, guitar, and synthesized flutes.
	Excerpt for piano of "Pavane" by Gabriel Favre.		A folk song played by a solo guitar in a finger-picking style.
	Typical Viennese waltz from the Romantic era stylized by Chopin.		Minor key tune very typical of a piece by Sade.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Author	Quotation
Aesop	Little by little does the trick.
Alexander Smith	Everything is sweetened by risk.
Aristophanes	By words the mind is winged.
Buddha	A jug fills drop by drop.
George Eliot	Kisses honeyed by oblivion.
Marcus T. Cicero	Friends are proved by adversity.
Napoleon Bonaparte	Men are lead by trifles.
Pierre Corneille	Peace is produced by war.
Walt Whitman	We convince by our presence.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Author	Date	Quotation
Magna Carta	1215	We will immediately restore all hostages and charters delivered to us by Englishmen, as sureties of the peace of faithful service. (reference)
John Locke	1690	Nothing was made by God for man to spoil or destroy. (Second Treatise of Government)
US Declaration of Independence	1776	He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us. (reference)
US Constitution	1791	Under the circumstances of so partial a representation, the commissioners present agreed upon a report, (drawn by Mr. (reference)
US Bill of Rights	1795	Amendment IX. The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. (reference)
Amendment to US Constitution	1795-1992	But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. (reference)
Marbury v. Madison	1803	If it is closed upon him, and cannot be inspected by him? (reference)
Communist Manifesto	1848	Communism is already acknowledged by all European Powers to be itself a Power. (reference)
The Emancipation Proclamation	1862	And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God. (Abraham Lincoln)
Abraham Lincoln	1863	It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us--that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion--that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth. (The Gettysburg Address)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Title	Author	Quote
Emma	Austen, Jane	I should not like a man who is so soon discomposed by a hot morning
Through the Looking-Glass	Carroll, Lewis	You see, a minute goes by so fearfully quick
A Christmas Carol	Dickens, Charles	Scrooge was not a man to be frightened by echoes
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy	Douglas Adams	What do I mean by who am I
Scarlet Letter	Hawthorne, Nathaniel	Roger Chillingworth had by this time approached the window, and smiled grimly down
Les Miserables	Hugo, Victor	All three stood confounded, and indicated by a shake of the head that they did know him.
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man	Joyce, James	By day and by night he moved among distorted images of the outer world
King Richard III	Shakespeare, William	A thing devised by the enemy
Grapes of Wrath	Steinbeck, John	But the head of wild oats was held by its stem around the front legs
Gulliver's Travels	Swift, Jonathan	How cruelty, falsehood, and cowardice grew to be characteristics by which certain families are distinguished as much as by their coat of arms
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		Services vary by state. (references)
		Is soothed by your voice. (references)
		Original art by Omar Rayyan. (references)
Business		$10,000 must be filed by the bank. (references)
		Medicare is funded by general taxes. (references)
		Remediation is paid for by the state. (references)
Children	Rwanda	Entry to secondary school is by examination. (references)
	Vietnam	Implementation is hampered by limited budgets. (references)
	Rwanda	At least 85,000 households are headed by children. (references)
Civil Liberties	Saudi Arabia	Public meetings are segregated by sex. (references)
	India	The trial had not begun by year's end. (references)
	Cameroon	Tor was tried and released by year's end. (references)
Discrimination	Romania	The two houses had not reconciled their versions by year's end. (references)
	Romania	An emergency ordinance has the effect of law unless it is nullified by the Parliament. (references)
	Tunisia	Legal discrimination is not pervasive, apart from that experienced by women in certain areas, such as inheritance, which is governed by Shari'a. (references)
Economic History	Albania	Exports fell by seven percent. (references)
	Venezuela	Roads: Transport is mostly by road. (references)
	Greece	Inflation fell to 2.0% by mid-1999. (references)
Human Rights	Suriname	Beatings by police are common. (references)
	Somalia	She was released by year's end. (references)
	Ireland	Its verdicts are by majority vote. (references)
Indigenous People	Malaysia	A verdict on the case had not been announced by year's end. (references)
	Brazil	The lands are the subject of a civil action by private landowners. (references)
	Taiwan	The sale of Aborigine children into prostitution by their parents reportedly no longer occurs. (references)
Minorities	Canada	Vandalism increased by 42 percent. (references)
	Albania	Their interests are represented by Society Prespa. (references)
	Pakistan	Several police officers were beaten severely by students. (references)
Political Economy	Poland	Each Sejmik is headed by a Marshall. (references)
	Cape Verde	By all indications, corruption is rare. (references)
	SPAIN	A 40 hour workweek is established by law. (references)
Political Rights	United Arab Emirates	No observers had been named by year's end. (references)
	Latvia	The case had not been heard by year's end. (references)
	Bahrain	In 1992 the Amir established by decree the Majlis Al-Shura. (references)
Trade	Japan	These loans are managed by JBIC. (references)
	Nigeria	Such cars must be covered by IDR. (references)
	Kenya	AFL is managed by Kenya Capital Partners. (references)
Travel	Ireland	The balance is carried by rail. (references)
	Greece	Athens is served by 50 airlines. (references)
	Slovak Rep	Overland travel by train is reliable. (references)

Speaker	Phrase(s)
Andrew Weil	Rosie eats some poultry. We're not in total agreement. I eat a lot of fresh foods. Even when I'm by myself, I cook for myself.
David Berkowitz	Not a lot. Once in a while some people come up. I have a number of friends from the area who come by and visit.
Dennis Miller	For many developing countries progress is hobbled by decades of internal strife.
James Lipton	What I didn't know that by sticking to craft we would blow open some doors that I never saw opened before.
Judith Miller	Well I'm struck by the fact that there is still a difference in tone between Secretary Powell and the President.
Lynne Cheney	V is for valor. V is for the valor shown by those who have kept us free. And it's a page mostly about military heroes.
Regis Philbin	People by and large, my friends, seemed to be very happy for me. They knew how long I'd been around.
Rush Limbaugh	Nobody is being hurt by not being allowed to join Augusta National.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Speaker	Term	Phrase(s)
George Washington	1789-1797	Citizens by birth or choice of a common country, that country has a right to concentrate your affections.
Thomas Jefferson	1801-1809	Lewis and Clarke and their brave companions have by this arduous service deserved well of their country.
Herbert C. Hoover	1929-1933	What America has done has given renewed hope and courage to all who have faith in government by the people.
Harry S. Truman	1945-1953	Farm income dropped by one-half.
Dwight Eisenhower	1953-1961	Some, impoverished by the recent World War, seek to restore their means of livelihood.
John F. Kennedy	1961-1963	Morality in private business has not been sufficiently spurred by morality in public business.
Ronald Reagan	1981-1989	Regimes planted by bayonets do not take root.
George Bush	1989-1993	America has always led by example.
Bill Clinton	1993-2001	Let's do it step by step.
George W. Bush	2001-2005	It's not fair to double-tax by taxing the shareholder on the same profits.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Preposition (except "of")	99.99%	506,780	19
Total	100.00%	506,833	N/A

The following table summarizes names derived from the word "by".
Name	Gender	Language	Meaning
Diotrephes	N/A	Biblical	Nourished by Jupiter
Drusilla	N/A	Biblical	Watered by the dew
Ibneiah	N/A	Biblical	Son by adoption
Kallai	N/A	Biblical	Resting by fire
Meshech	N/A	Biblical	Who is drawn by force
Parshandatha	N/A	Biblical	Given by prayer
Samothracia	N/A	Biblical	An island possessed by the Samians and Thracians
Seleucia	N/A	Biblical	Shaken or beaten by the waves
Shemuel	N/A	Biblical	Appointed by God
Tychicus	N/A	Biblical	By chance
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Country	Name	Country	Name
Germany	bit by bit Software AG	USA	Play By Play Toys & Novelties, Inc.
	(more examples...)

Expressions using "by": 2) skimmed milk powder manufactured by the spray process ♦ a contract which is governed by English law ♦ a jeweller by trade ♦ a town by sea ♦ abidance by ♦ abidance by rules ♦ abide by ♦ abide by a promise ♦ abide by consequences ♦ abide by one's word ♦ abide by the law ♦ abide by the rules ♦ abortion by another ♦ abortion by the pregnant woman ♦ accompany by shivering ♦ acquired by experience ♦ activities carried out by a worker ♦ actuated by anger ♦ ad by fits and starts ♦ adhere by suction ♦ adjustment by screw ♦ adust sunburned burned brown by the sun ♦ advance by stages ♦ affected by ♦ affidavit by process server ♦ allocate by quotas ♦ allow repayment by installments ♦ allow repayment by instalments ♦ amass by robbery ♦ any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no ♦ approve by unanimity ♦ Architecture for Interactive Problem Solving by Cooperating Data and Knowledge Bases ♦ argue by means of facts ♦ as if by chance ♦ as if by magic ♦ as time goes by ♦ as years go by ♦ assailed by doubts ♦ assailed by fear ♦ assistance by a public official in the escape of prisoners ♦ attached by court ♦ attached by doubts ♦ attachment by garnishment ♦ attack by surprise ♦ aunt by marriage ♦ Avon By The Sea ♦ bargain by inch of candle ♦ be a gainer by ♦ be a sufferer by ♦ be advised by ♦ be attacked by rabies ♦ be banned by society ♦ be by oneself ♦ be by the ears ♦ be by way of doing smth. ♦ be called for by ♦ be carpeted by smb. ♦ be caused by smth. ♦ be characterised by ♦ be constituted by ♦ be contaminated by ♦ be damaged by hail ♦ be devoured by ♦ be dogged by smth. ♦ be drifted by wind ♦ be dwarfed by ♦ be enslaved by ♦ be frightened by ♦ be governed by ♦ be governed by smth. ♦ be guided by ♦ be harassed by ♦ be hard done by ♦ be justified by the event ♦ be killed by frost ♦ be known by the name of ♦ be led by one's passions ♦ be overcome by ♦ be paid by the piece ♦ be paid by the quarter ♦ be poisoned by ♦ be poisoned by charcoal fumes ♦ be poisoned by fumes ♦ be possessed by ♦ be possessed by fear ♦ be powered by ♦ be promoted by seniority ♦ be regulate by smb. ♦ be ruled by ♦ be short by ♦ be short of by ♦ be sired by ♦ be spoiled by rain ♦ be standing by ♦ be struck by lightning ♦ be superseded by ♦ be taken by ♦ be taller by a head ♦ be transmitted by ♦ be undaunted by smth. ♦ be unharmed by smth.. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "by": by-a, by-and-by, by-and-bye, by-and-large, by-bid, By-bidder, by-bider, by-blow, by-business, by-by!, by-class, By-corner, By-dependence, By-drinking, by-elected, by-election, by-elections, by-employment, by-employments, By-end, by-environmental, by-gesture, by-gone, by-hand-of-bearer, by-himself, By-interest, By-lane, by-large, by-law, by-laws, by-life, by-line, by-lines, by-matter, by-name, by-now, by-out, by-pass, by-pass, by-pass-a, By-passage, by-passed, by-passes, by-passing, By-past, by-path, By-place, by-play, by-product, by-products, By-respect, by-road, by-roads, By-room, by-rules, by-slip, By-speech, By-spell, by-stander, by-standers, By-street, by-streets, By-stroke, by-the-book, By-the-castle, by-the-way, By-turning, By-view, By-walk, By-wash, by-way, By-ways, by-wipe, By-word, by-words, by-work, by-your-leave.
	Ending with "by": approved-by, built-by, checked-by, created-by, hard-done-by, is-described-by, is-tested-by, mod-by, near-by, passers-by, sell-by.
	Containing "by": ball-by-ball, cheek-by-jowl, Columba's-by-the-castle, country-by-country, county-by-county, day-by-day, inch-by-inch, letter-by-letter, minute-by-minute, moment-by-mo

By

Definition: By

By

Adjective

Adverb

Specialty Definition: By

Specialty Definition: Belarus

External Links

ISO 3166-2:BY

See also

List of people by name: By

Abbreviations & Acronyms: By

BY

BY

BY

BY

BY

BY

BY

BY

BY

BY

BY

Synonyms: By

Synonyms within Context: By

Instrumentality

Crosswords: By

Modern Usage: By

Screenplays

Lyrics

Clever

Tongue Twisters

Movie/TV Titles

Song Titles

Commercial Usage: By

References

Books

Periodicals

Theater & Movies

Music

High Tech

Consumer Goods

Image Slideshow: By

Photos:By

Illustrations:By

Computer Images:By

Photo Album: By

Digital Photo Gallery: By

Sounds Captioned with "By".

Familiar Quotations: By

Aesop

Alexander Smith

Aristophanes

Buddha

George Eliot

Marcus T. Cicero

Napoleon Bonaparte

Pierre Corneille

Walt Whitman

Historic Usage: By

Magna Carta

John Locke

US Declaration of Independence

US Constitution

US Bill of Rights

Amendment to US Constitution

Marbury v. Madison

Communist Manifesto

The Emancipation Proclamation

Abraham Lincoln

Use in Literature: By

Emma

Austen, Jane

Through the Looking-Glass

Carroll, Lewis

A Christmas Carol

Dickens, Charles

The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

Douglas Adams

Scarlet Letter

Photos:
By

Illustrations:
By

Computer Images:
By