Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Broadcasting |
BroadcastingNoun1. A medium that disseminates via telecommunications. 2. Taking part in a radio or tv program. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "broadcasting" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1985. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Post & Telecom | The process of transmitting a radio or television signal via an antenna to multiple receivers which can simultaneously pick up the signal. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Broadcasting is a method of transmitting radio, internet or television signals (programs) to a number of recipients ("listeners" or "viewers") that belong to a large group. This group may be the public in general or a relatively large audience within the public in general. Thus an internet channel may distribute text or music world-wide, while a public address system in (say) a workplace may broadcast very limited ad hoc soundbites to a small population within its range.
Television and radio programs are distributed through radio broadcasting or cable, often both simultaneously. By coding signals and having decoding equipment in the homes, the latter also enables subscription based channels and pay-per-view services.
A broadcasting organisation may broadcast several programs at the same time, through several channels (frequencies), for example BBC 1 and 2. On the other hand, two or more organisations may share a channel and each use it during a fixed part of the day.
Broadcasting forms a segment of the mass media.
There are several dominant business models of broadcasting. Each differs in the method by which stations are funded:
In the United States, the first commercial broadcast station, KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, began in 1920. The technology became very popular, and many cities, churches, schools, and businesses started their own broadcast stations.
The National Broadcasting Company began regular broadcasting in 1922, with telephone links between New York and other Eastern cities. NBC became the dominant radio network, splitting into Red and Blue networks.
The Columbia Broadcasting System began in 1927 under the guidance of William Paley.
Several independent stations formed the Mutual Broadcasting System to exchange syndicated programming, including The Lone Ranger and Amos 'n' Andy.
The first experimental broadcasts, from Marconi's factory in Chelmsford, began in 1920.
Two years later, a consortium of radio manufacturers formed the British Broadcasting Company (BBC). This broadcast until its licence expired at the end of 1926. The company then became the British Broadcasting Corporation, a non-commercial organisation. Its governors are appointed by the government but do not answer to it.
Lord Reith took a formative role in developing the BBC, especially in radio. Working as its first manager and Director-General, he promoted the philosophy of public service broadcasting, firmly grounded in the moral benefits of education and of uplifting entertainment, eschewing commercial influence and maintaining a maximum of independence from political control.
Commercial stations such as Radio Normandie and Radio Luxembourg broadcast into
the UK from other European countries. This provided a very popular alternative to the rather austere BBC. These stations were closed during the War, and only Radio Luxembourg returned afterward.
BBC television broadcasts in Britain began in 1936, and continued until wartime conditions closed the service in 1939.
Before the Nazi assumption of power in 1933, German radio broadcasting was supervised by the Post Office. A listening fee of 2 Reichsmarks per receiver paid most subsidies.
Immediately following Hitler's assumption of power, Joseph Goebbels became head of the Ministry for Propaganda and Public Englightenment. Non-Nazis were removed from broadcasting and editorial positions. Jews were fired from all positions.
The Reichsrundfunk programming began to decline in popularity as the theme of Kampfzeit was continually played. Germany was easily served by a number of European mediumwave stations, including the BBC and domestic stations in France, the Low Countries, Denmark and Sweden, and Poland. It became illegal for Germans to listen to foreign broadcasts. (Foreign correspondents and key officials were exempt from this rule).
During the war, German stations broadcast not only war propaganda and entertainment for German forces dispersed through Europe and the Atlantic, but provided air raid alerts.
Germany experimented with television broadcasting before the Second World War, using a 180-line raster system beginning before 1935. German propaganda claimed the system was superior to the Britsh mechanical scanning system, but this was subject to debate by persons who saw the broadcasts.
A Federal antitrust decision in 1942 required NBC to divest itself of its Blue network. This network became the American Broadcasting Corporation (ABC).
Television began to replace radio as the chief source of revenue for broadcasting networks. Although many radio programs continued through this decade, including Gunsmoke and The Guiding Light, by 1960 networks had ceased producing entertainment programs.
As radio stopped producing formal fifteen-minute to hourly programs, a new format developed. "Top 40" was based on a continuous rotation of short pop songs presented by a "disc jockey." Famous disc jockeys in the era included Alan Freed, Dick Clark, Don Imus and Wolfman Jack. Top 40 playlists were theoretically based on record sales; however, record companies began to bribe disc jockeys to play selected artists, in what was called payola.
In the 1960s, American television networks introduced broadcasts in color.
Shortwave Broadcasting played an important part of fighting the cold war with Voice of America and the BBC World Service augmented with Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty transmitting through the "Iron Curtain", and Radio Moscow and others broadcasting back, as well as jamming (transmitting to cause intentional interference)the western voices.
Radio Luxembourg remained popular during the 1950s but saw its audience decline as commercial television and pirate radio, combined with a switch to a less clear frequency, began to erode its influence.
BBC television resumed in 1946, and commercial television began in 1955. Both used the pre-war 405-line standard.
BBC2 came on the air in 1964, using the 625-line standard, and began colour transmissions in 1967. The two older networks transmitted in 625-line colour from 1969.
During the 1960s there was still no UK-based commercial radio. A number of 'pirate' radio ships, located in international waters just outside the jurisdiction of English law, came on the air between 1964 and 1967. The most famous of these was Radio Caroline, which was the only station to continue broadcasting after the offshore pirates were effectively outlawed in August 1967. It was finally forced off air due to a dispute over tendering payments, but returned in 1972 and continued on and off until 1989. The station still broadcasts, nowadays using satellite carriers and internet.
When the Federal Republic of Germany was organized in 1949, its Enabling Act established strong state government powers. Broadcasting was organized on a state, rather than a national, basis. Nine regional radio networks were established. A technical coordinating organization, the Arbeitsgemeinschaft der offentlich-rechlicten Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (ARD), came into being in 1950 to lessen technical conflicts.
The Allied forces in Europe developed their own radio networks, including the U.S. Armed Forces Network. Inside Berlin, Radio in the American Sector (RIAS) became a key source of news in the German Democratic Republic.
Germany began developing a network of VHF FM broadcast stations in 1955 because of the excessive crowding of the mediumwave and shortwave broadcast bands.
The introduction of FM changed the listening habits of younger Americans. Many stations such as WNEW-FM in New York City began to play whole sides of record albums, as opposed to the "Top 40" model of two decades earlier.
In the 1980s, the Federal Communications Commission, under Reagan Administration and Congressional pressure, changed the rules limiting the number of radio and television stations a business entity could own in one metropolitan area. This deregulation led to several groups, such as Infinity Broadcasting and Clear Channel to buy many stations in major cities. The cost of these stations' purchases led to a conservative approach to broadcasting, including limited playlists and avoiding controversial subjects to not offend listeners, and increased commercials to increase revenue.
AM Radio declined throughout the 1970s and 1980s due to various reasons including: Lower cost of FM receivers, narrow AM audio bandwidth, and poor sound in the AM section of automobile receivers (to combat the crowding of stations in the AM band and a "loudness war" conducted by AM broadcasters), and increased radio noise in homes caused by fluorescent lighting and introduction of electronic devices in homes). AM radio's decline flattened out in the mid 1990s due to the introduction of niche formats and over commercialization of many FM stations.
A new Pirate station, Swiss-owned Radio Nordsee International, broadcast to Britain and the Netherlands from 1970 until outlawed by Dutch legislation in 1974 (which meant it could no longer be supplied from the European mainland). The English service was heavily jammed by both Labour and Conservative Governments in 1970 amid suggestions that the ship was actually being used for espionage. Radio Caroline returned in 1972 and continued until its ship sank in 1980 (the crew were rescued). A Belgian station, Radio Atlantis, operated an English service for a few months before the Dutch act came into force in 1974.
Land-based commercial radio finally came on air in 1973 with London's LBC and Capital Radio.
Channel 4 television started in 1982. Britain's UHF system was originally designed to carry only four networks.
Pirate radio enjoyed another brief resurgence with a literal re-launch of Radio Caroline in 1983, and the arrival of American-owned Laser 558 in 1985. Both stations were harassed by the British authorities; Laser closed in 1987 and Caroline in 1989, since when it has pursued legal methods of broadcasting, such as temporary FM licences and satellite.
Two rival satellite television systems came on the air at the end of the 1980s: Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting. Huge losses forced a rapid merger, although in many respects it was a takeover of BSB (Britain's official, Government-sanctioned satellite company) by Sky.
Radio Luxembourg launched a 24-hour English channel on satellite, but closed its AM service in 1989 and its satellite service in 1991.
Channel 5 went on air in 1997, using "spare" frequencies between the existing channels.
In 1987, stations in the European Broadcasting Union began offering Radio Data System (RDS), which provides written text information about programs that were being broadcast, as well as traffic alerts, accurate time, and other teletext services.
The 2000s saw the introduction of digital radio and direct broadcasting by satellite (DBS) in the USA.
Digital radio services, except in the United States, were allocated a new frequency band in the range of 1,400 MHz. In the United States, this band was deemed to be vital to national defense, so an alternate band in the range of 2,300 MHz was introduced for satellite broadcasting. Two American companies, XM and Sirius, introduced DBS systems, which are funded by direct subscription, as in cable television. The XM and Sirius systems provide approximately 100 channels each.
In addition, a consortium of companies received FCC approval for In-Band On-Channel digital broadcasts in the United States, which use the existing mediumwave and FM bands to provide CD-quality sound.
In Canada, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission plans to move all Canadian broadcasting to the digital band and close all mediumwave and FM stations.
European and Australian stations have begun digital broadcasting (DAB). Digital radios began to be sold in the United Kingdom in 1998.
Regular Shortwave broadcasts using Radio Mondale, a digital broadcasting scheme for short and medium wave broadcasts have begun. This system makes the normally scratchy international broadcasts clear and nearly FM quality, and much lower transmitter power.
Belgium
Business Models of Broadcasting
Broadcasters may rely on a combination of these business models. For example, National Public Radio, a non-commercial network within the United States, receives grants from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, which in turn receives funding from the U.S. government; by public subscription; and by selling "extended credits" to corporations.History of Broadcasting
Beginning to the Second World War
United States
Britain
Germany
The 1950s and 1960s
United States
Britain
Germany
The 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s
United States
Britain
Europe
The 2000s
Broadcasting organizations
France
Germany
Hong Kong
Netherlands
Turkey
UK
US
Czech republic
External links
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Broadcasting."
Synonym: BroadcastingSynonym: broadcast media (n). (additional references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Well, they generally give those jobs to ex-ballplayers and people, you know, in broadcasting. (Seinfeld; writing credit: Andreas Lenze; Bea Schmidt) Free to roam the high seas of enterprise as the buccaneers of our broadcasting future! (Drop the Dead Donkey; writing credit: Andy Hamilton; Guy Jenkin) In other news, an accident caused the Quahog cable television transmitter to be knocked out, which will prevent broadcasting to the entire city. (Family Guy; writing credit: Dolores Payás) All I know is that this violates every canon of respectable broadcasting. (Network; writing credit: Paddy Chayefsky) Broadcasting beautiful views 24 hours a day: you're tuned to the Scenery Channel. (Back to the Future Part II; writing credit: Ronnie Cramer) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Death at Broadcasting House (1934) Broadcasting (1926) Free Amerika Broadcasting (1981) The Nor-way to Broadcasting (1976) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | U.S. Army, Fitzsimons General Hospital, Denver, CO. : Shell Shock Serenaders, Broadcasting. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Doonesbury. We interrupt our regular broadcasting to bring you a special presentation -- the WBBY Watergate Awards!. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Conservative Republican congressman, Jesse Helms, with bloodied axe and accompanied by four chimpanzees, knocks on door labeled "Public Broadcasting" just down the hall from a blood splattered door labeled "National Endowment of the Arts"] / Oliphant. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Ireene Wicker, star of the radio program "The singing lady," who began a series of children's broadcasts on channel 7, television outlet of the American Broadcasting Co. ... Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Itinerant preacher broadcasting to his audience by means of public address system on streets of Marshall, Texas. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Orlando, Florida. Wings Over Jordan, a popular Sunday morning program broadcast by Columbia Broadcasting System from station WDBO. President James A. Colston waiting on the announcers, right, for his cue to begin speaking to a vast audience. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Indiana University Auditorium, Bloomington, Indiana. Broadcasting studio. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Ed and Pegeen Fitzgerald, residence at 15 E. 36th St., New York City. Ed and Pegeen broadcasting at breakfast. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Jarrett White, architect. Copy of drawing of Columbia Broadcasting Co. Building. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | T.D. Dutton and J.J. Boone, radio broadcasters of the American Telephone and Telegraph Co., testing the installation for broadcasting the inaugural ceremonies. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | Internet broadcasting itself has been here for sometime. (references) | |
Japan is the leading supplier in Korea for broadcasting equipment. (references) | ||
Telecommunications and broadcasting policies are determined by the government. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Croatia | Similar problems existed in radio broadcasting. (references) |
India | AM radio broadcasting remains a government monopoly. (references) | |
India | Licenses do not permit independent news broadcasting. (references) | |
Economic History | Chile | Chile uses the NTSC system for TV broadcasting. (references) |
India | Uplinking is mandatory for foreign broadcasting companies. (references) | |
Sweden | Commercial broadcasting exists and is growing in importance. (references) | |
Human Rights | Guinea-Bissau | In January Fernando Gomes, president of the Socialist Alliance of Guinea (Bissau) and former President of the Guinea-Bissau Human Right League (LGDH), checked into Simao hospital in Bissau after suffering a number of beatings ostensibly by security forces while he was in incommunicado detention in May 2000. In October the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) news reported that President Yala had threatened to shoot any politician trying to enter a military barracks in order to use the army against him. (references) |
United Kingdom | Some family members of the victims initiated a civil action in November against individuals identified as suspects in a documentary prepared by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). In December the police ombudsman for Northern Ireland released a report on the Omagh bombing, which charged that the "victims, their families, and officers of the RUC [PSNI] have been let down by defective leadership, poor judgment and a lack of urgency." The report criticized inadequate information sharing within the police and concluded that it will never be known whether the bombing could have been prevented if the police had acted differently in response to intelligence information received prior to the tragedy. (references) | |
Minorities | Macedonia | There is some Romani-language broadcasting. (references) |
Political Economy | JAPAN | Foreign investment in NTT and radio/television broadcasting companies is restricted. (references) |
NETHERLANDS | Broadcasting and Media Legislation: The Dutch fully comply with the EU Broadcast Directive. (references) | |
HUNGARY | Foreign ownership is restricted to varying degrees in civil aviation, defense, and broadcasting. (references) | |
Political Rights | Cote d'Ivoire | They expelled journalists and disrupted television and radio broadcasting. (references) |
Bulgaria | Election contestants also had to pay for all appearances in the public broadcasting media, including debates, which effectively limited campaign coverage in the media. (references) | |
Trade | France | Similar quotas affect radio broadcasting. (references) |
Travel | Barbados | There is one local television station the government-owned Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) which, in addition to local programming, sells satellite service which broadcasts a number of U.S. "cable" television channels. (references) |
Worker Rights | Bulgaria | In April 2000, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) launched a trafficking awareness campaign in the country which included posting informational posters, distributing wallet cards and brochures, and broadcasting informational advertisements on radio and television. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Katie Couric | Not necessarily. I really don't. I think that women have made so many strides in broadcasting, and we're doing so well in a lot of regards. So I don't really think that's necessarily the case. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | In addition, we have increased twelvefold our Spanish and Portuguese-language broadcasting in Latin America, and improved Hemispheric trade and defense. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Broadcasting" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 93.81% of the time. "Broadcasting" is used about 1,340 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 93.81% | 1,257 | 6,237 |
| Lexical Verb (-ing form) | 3.36% | 45 | 50,900 |
| Noun (proper) | 2.83% | 38 | 55,818 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,340 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Australia | Publishing and Broadcasting Limited | Japan | Asahi Broadcasting Corporation |
| Luxembourg | SBS BROADCASTING | Philippines | ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation |
| South Korea | Seoul Broadcasting | Thailand | United Broadcasting Corporation Public Company Limited |
| United Kingdom | British Sky Broadcasting Group plc | USA | Benedek Broadcasting Corporation |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "broadcasting": aeronautical broadcasting service ♦ british Broadcasting Corporation ♦ broadcasting center ♦ broadcasting company ♦ broadcasting coverage ♦ broadcasting from satellites ♦ broadcasting program ♦ broadcasting satellite for experimental purposes ♦ broadcasting station ♦ broadcasting studio ♦ broadcasting time ♦ digital audio broadcasting ♦ direct broadcasting ♦ European Broadcasting Union ♦ meteorological broadcasting station ♦ public broadcasting service ♦ public service broadcasting ♦ radio data broadcasting system ♦ satellite broadcasting ♦ sound broadcasting ♦ Sports Broadcasting Act ♦ terrestrial digital audio broadcasting ♦ visual broadcasting ♦ wired broadcasting. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "broadcasting": broadcasting-appeared, broadcasting-satellite. | |
Ending with "broadcasting": public-broadcasting, sound-broadcasting. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "broadcasting"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | transmetimi, emision (broadcast, emission, prog, program, programme). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | محطة ألاذاعة, إذاعة (banewort, broadcast, promulgation, publication, transmission), دار الإذاعة. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | радиопредаване (airing, broadcast, radio, steam-radio, transmission), телевизионно предаване (telecast, transmission), емисия (broadcast, emission, floatation, flotation, issue). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 广' (broadcast). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | vysílání (emission, transmission). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | bredsåning (broadcast seed, broadcast sowing), udsendelse (broadcast, multi-address call, multi-address message, transmission), transmissionsbestemmelser, studieinstallation, radiospredning, kabel-radiofoni. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | broadcasting (broadcast, multi-address call, multi-address message), breedwerpig zaaien (broadcast seed, broadcast sowing), zendinstallatie, omroepbestel, omroep (wireless telegraph), draadomroep. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | yleislähetys (broadcast, multi-address call, multi-address message), hajakylvö (broadcast seed, broadcast sowing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | diffusion (broadcast). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | sendung (broadcast, consignment, letter, mailings, mission, packet, parcel, program, remittance, sending, shipment, show, transmission), rundfunk (broadcast, radio, wireless). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | εκπομπή (emission, issuance). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | ש"ור (broadcast, sending, transmission). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | rádióközvetítés (broadcast, transcription). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | siaran radio (airwaver, broadcast), penyiaran, pemancaran (emanation, emission, radiation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | broadcasting (broadcast, multi-address call, multi-address message), teledistribuzione, telediffusione, sistema radiotelevisivo, settore della radiotelevisione, semina alla volata (broadcast seed, broadcast sowing), semina a spaglio (broadcast seed, broadcast sowing), multiindirizzamento (broadcast, multi-address call, multi-address message), emittente (broadcaster, emitter, issuer, issuing, transmitter), emissione circolare (broadcast, multi-address call, multi-address message), circuito di diffusione. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | "送 (broadcast). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | ほうそう (beehive, broadcast, fragrant herb, hive, lawyer, legal profession, packing, seeing an emperor off, smallpox, wrapping). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 뉴스방송. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | scaalheaney (broadcast, diffuse, disband, disperse, rout, scatter), creeley (broadcast). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | oadcastingbray teledifusão, sementeira feita mão, sementeira a lanço (broadcast seed, broadcast sowing), radiodifusão, de rádio. (various references) radiodifuzare, emisiune radiofonicã, emiţãtor (broadcaster, issuing, repeater, transmitting). (various references) широковещательный, широковещание. (various references) radio-emisija (radio-show), radiodifuzni, radiodifuzija. (various references) radiodifusión, difusión (diffusion, pervasion, suffusion). (various references) broadcasting (broadcast, multi-address call, multi-address message), bredsådd (broadcast seed, broadcast sowing), ytsådd (broadcast seed, broadcast sowing), radioutsändning (broadcast), radiosändning (broadcast, radio transmission, radiotransmission), fleradressmeddelande (broadcast, multi-address call, multi-address message). (various references) การแพร่ าพ. (various references) yayın (air, broadcast, edition, publication, publishing), radyo veya televizyon yayını ile ilgili, radyo veya televizyon. (various references) трансляція. (various references) tung ra khắp nơi (broadcast), được phát thanh (broadcast). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words ending with "broadcasting": rebroadcasting. (additional references) | |
| |
"Broadcasting" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: broadcating, broudcasting. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "broadcasting" (pronounced brô"dka'sting) |
| 6 | -k a' s t i ng | forecasting, typecasting. |
| 4 | -s t i ng | accosting, adjusting, arresting, assisting, attesting, besting, blacklisting, blasting, boasting, boosting, breasting, bursting, busting, casting, coasting, coexisting, composting, consisting, contesting, contrasting, costing, cresting, defrosting, delisting, digesting, disgusting, divesting, dusting, encrusting, enlisting, entrusting, everlasting, exhausting, existing, fasting, feasting, frosting, gusting, harvesting, Hasting, hoisting, hosting, ingesting, insisting, interesting, investing, jousting, lambasting, lasting, listing, lusting, manifesting, molesting, nesting, ousting, pasting, persisting, posting, preexisting, protesting, readjusting, recasting, reinvesting, requesting, resisting, resting, retesting, roasting, rusting, suggesting, tasting, testing, thrusting, toasting, trusting, twisting, uninteresting, vesting, wasting, wresting. |
| 3 | -t i ng | abating, abbreviating, abdicating, abducting, abetting, aborting, abrogating, abutting, accelerating, accenting, accentuating, accepting, accommodating, accounting, accrediting, accumulating, acquitting, acting, activating, adapting, addicting, adjudicating, administrating, admitting, adopting, advocating, affecting, affiliating, afflicting, aggravating, agitating, airlifting, alerting, alienating, alleviating, allocating, allotting, alternating, amounting, annotating, anticipating, appointing, appreciating, appropriating, approximating, arbitrating, articulating, assassinating, assaulting, asserting, assimilating, associating, attempting, attracting, attributing, auditing, augmenting, authenticating, automating, averting, awaiting, babysitting, backbiting, baiting, balloting, bankrupting, batting, beating, befitting, begetting, belting, benefiting, benefitting, berating, besetting, betting, biting, bitting, blanketing, bloating, bloodletting, blunting, boating, bolting, booting, boycotting, budgeting, bullfighting, bunting, butting, calculating, captivating, carpeting, carting, castigating, castrating, catapulting, cavorting, celebrating, cementing, chanting, charting, chatting, cheating, chlorinating, circulating, circumventing, citing, clotting, coagulating, coating, cohabiting, collaborating, collecting, combating, combatting, comforting, commemorating, commenting, committing, communicating, commuting, compensating, competing, complementing, completing, complicating, complimenting, computing, concentrating, concocting, conducting, confiscating, conflicting, confronting, congratulating, connecting, consenting, consolidating, consorting, constituting, constricting, constructing, consulting, consummating, contacting, contaminating, contemplating, contracting, contradicting, contributing, converting, convicting, cooperating, coordinating, copycatting, correcting, correlating, corroborating, corrupting, counteracting, Counterfeiting, counting, courting, crafting, crating, creating, crediting, culminating, cultivating, cutting, darting, dating, daunting, debating, debilitating, decaffeinating, decanting, decelerating, decimating, decorating, dedicating, deducting, defaulting, defeating, defecting, deflating, deflecting, degenerating, delegating, deleting, deliberating, delighting, delineating, demonstrating, denigrating, denting, departing, depicting, depleting, deporting, depositing, deprecating, depreciating, deregulating, deserting, designating, destructing, detecting, deteriorating, detonating, detracting, devastating, devoting, dictating, dieting, differentiating, diluting, directing, disappointing, disconcerting, disconnecting, discounting, discrediting, discriminating, disintegrating, disorienting, dispiriting, disputing, disquieting, disrespecting, disrupting, dissecting, disseminating, dissenting, dissipating, distorting, distracting, distributing, districting, diverting, documenting, domesticating, dominating, donating, doting, dotting, doubting, drafting, drifting, duplicating, eating, editing, educating, effecting, elaborating, elating, electing, electroplating, elevating, eliciting, eliminating, emanating, emigrating, emitting, emulating, enacting, encapsulating, enchanting, enunciating, equating, equivocating, eradicating, erecting, erupting, escalating, escorting, estimating, evacuating, evaluating, evaporating, evicting, exacerbating, exacting, exaggerating, exalting, exasperating, excavating, excepting, exciting, excoriating, excruciating, executing, exempting, exerting, exhibiting, exhilarating, exhorting, exiting, exonerating, expecting, expediting, experimenting, exploiting, exporting, extenuating, exterminating, extorting, extracting, extraditing, extrapolating, fabricating, facilitating, fainting, fascinating, faulting, fermenting, ferreting, Fetting, fidgeting, fighting, fingerprinting, firefighting, fitting, flaunting, fleeting, flirting, flitting, floating, flouting, fluctuating, fomenting, footing, footnoting, forfeiting, forgetting, formulating, fragmenting, fretting, fronting, fruiting, frustrating, generating, getting, gifting, glinting, gloating, graduating, grafting, granting, grating, gravitating, greeting, gritting, grouting, grunting, gunfighting, gutting, gyrating, hallucinating, halting, handwriting, hating, haunting, heating, hesitating, highlighting, hinting, hitting, homeporting, humiliating, hunting, hurting, hydrogenating, igniting, illuminating, illustrating, imitating, impacting, imparting, impersonating, implanting, implementing, implicating, importing, imprinting, inaugurating, incapacitating, incarcerating, incinerating, inciting, incorporating, incriminating, incubating, indicating, indicting, infatuating, infecting, infighting, infiltrating, inflating, inflicting, infuriating, ingratiating, inhabiting, inheriting, inhibiting, initiating, injecting, innovating, inserting, insinuating, inspecting, instigating, instituting, instructing, insulating, insulting, integrating, interacting, intercepting, interdicting, interpreting, interrogating, interrupting, intersecting, intimidating, intoxicating, inundating, invalidating, inventing, investigating, invigorating, inviting, irritating, isolating, jetting, jolting, jutting, kiting, knitting, lactating, lamenting, laminating, legislating, letting, levitating, liberating, lifting, lighting, limiting, liquidating, litigating, locating, looting, lubricating, malting, mandating, manipulating, marketing, marting, masturbating, mating, matting, mediating, meditating, meeting, melting, migrating, minting, misappropriating, misinterpreting, misrepresenting, misstating, mistreating, mitigating, moderating, molting, moonlighting, motivating, mounting, mutating, mutilating, muting, nauseating, navigating, necessitating, negating, neglecting, negotiating, netting, nitrating, nominating, nonbiting, nonoperating, nonsporting, nonvoting, noting, Nutting, objecting, obliterating, obstructing, obviating, officiating, offsetting, omitting, operating, opting, orbiting, orchestrating, originating, oscillating, Outfitting, outing, outwitting, overeating, overestimating, overheating, overreacting, overshooting, overstating, painting, panting, parachuting, parenting, participating, parting, patenting, patting, penetrating, percolating, perfecting, permeating, permitting, perpetrating, perpetuating, persecuting, perverting, petting, picketing, piloting, pinpointing, pirating, pitting, placating, planting, plating, plotting, plummeting, pocketing, pointing, polluting, pontificating, populating, porting, pouting, precipitating, predicting, predominating, preempting, presenting, preventing, printing, procrastinating, profiting, prognosticating, prohibiting, projecting, proliferating, promoting, prompting, promulgating, propagating, prosecuting, prospecting, protecting, pulsating, purporting, putting, quieting, quilting, quitting, quoting, radiating, rafting, ranting, ratcheting, rating, reacting, reactivating, reallocating, reasserting, rebutting, recalculating, recanting, reciprocating, reciting, recollecting, reconnecting, reconstituting, reconstructing, recounting, recreating, recruiting, recuperating, redacting, redecorating, redirecting, redistributing, redistricting, reelecting, reevaluating, refitting, reflecting, refuting, regenerating, regretting, regulating, rehabilitating, reigniting, reincorporating, reinstating, reinstituting, reinterpreting, reinventing, reinvigorating, reiterating, rejecting, rejuvenating, relating, relegating, relenting, relocating, remarketing, renegotiating, renovating, renting, repainting, repatriating, repeating, replanting, replicating, reporting, representing, reprinting, repudiating, rerouting, resenting, resonating, resorting, respecting, restarting, restating, restricting, resubmitting, resulting, resurrecting, resuscitating, retaliating, retracting, retreating, retrofitting, reuniting, reverberating, reverting, revisiting, revolting, rewriting, rioting, riveting, rocketing, rooting, rotating, rotting, salivating, salting, saluting, saturating, scapegoating, scouting, sculpting, seating, sedating, segregating, selecting, separating, setting, shafting, sheeting, shifting, shooting, shoplifting, shorting, shouting, shunting, shutting, sifting, sighting, simulating, siting, sitting, skating, skirting, skyrocketing, skywriting, slanting, slighting, slitting, slotting, smarting, smelting, snorting, soliciting, somersaulting, songwriting, sorting, speculating, spitting, splitting, sporting, spotlighting, spotting, spouting, sprinting, sprouting, spurting, squatting, squinting, squirting, stagnating, starting, stating, stimulating, stipulating, strutting, subcontracting, subjecting, submitting, subordinating, substituting, subtracting, subverting, suffocating, superconducting, supplanting, supplementing, supporting, surmounting, suspecting, sweating, Sweeting, syndicating, tabulating, tainting, targeting, taunting, telecommuting, telemarketing, tempting, tenting, terminating, thermosetting, thwarting, ticketing, tilting, titillating, tolerating, tormenting, toting, touting, translating, transmitting, transplanting, transporting, treating, trotting, trumpeting, typesetting, Typewriting, undercutting, underestimating, underreporting, understating, underwriting, undulating, unexciting, uninviting, uniting, unrelenting, unremitting, unseating, unstinting, unsuspecting, unwitting, updating, uplifting, uprooting, upsetting, urinating, vacating, vacillating, validating, vaulting, ventilating, venting, vetting, vibrating, violating, visiting, vomiting, voting, wafting, waiting, wanting, weighting, weightlifting, wetting, whiting, wildcatting, wilting, witting, writing, yachting. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-b-c-d-g-i-n-o-r-s-t" | |
-2 letters: abdicators, gradations, indagators. | |
-3 letters: abdicator, adsorbing, arcadings, bastinado, boardings, botanicas, braconids, broadcast, brocading, carangids, cardigans, gradation, indagator, raincoats, signboard, tagboards. | |
-4 letters: aborting, abrading, abrasion, acrobats, agnostic, airboats, antacids, antidora, arcading, bandoras, bargains, bartisan, birdsong, boarding, boasting, boatings, borating, botanica, bracings, braconid, brigands, cabstand, cantdogs, carabids, carabins, carangid, cardigan, cardings, carotids, carotins, catbirds, coasting. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-b-c-d-g-i-n-o-r-s-t" | |
+2 letters: rebroadcasting. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)42 72 6F 61 64 63 61 73 74 69 6E 67 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
|
| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
|
| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
|
Morse Code (1836) (references)-... .-. --- .- -.. -.-. .- ... - .. -. --. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
|
Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000010 01110010 01101111 01100001 01100100 01100011 01100001 01110011 01110100 01101001 01101110 01100111 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)B r o a d c a s t i n g |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0042 0072 006F 0061 0064 0063 0061 0073 0074 0069 006E 0067 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
|
Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)368481677069678586758073 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Non-fiction | 9. Quotations: Spoken 10. Quotations: Speeches 11. Usage Frequency 12. Names: Company Usage | 13. Expressions 14. Expressions: Internet 15. Translations: Modern 16. Derivations | 17. Rhymes 18. Anagrams 19. Orthography 20. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
| Note to the press & webmasters - this dictionary can be linked, indexed, or referred to using the following non-English expressions: woordeboek, fjalor, معجم, قاموس, diccionariu, речник, diccionari, diksyonario, diksinario, 字典, gérlyver, slovník, ordbog, woordenboek, shimiyuc p'anca, orðabók, orðbók, dictionnaire, wurdboek, wörterbuch, λεξικό, אוצר מילים, szótár, uqausiit tukingit, dizionario, 字引 , じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , 사 , dizionari, recnik, fockleyr, dikshonario, słownik, dicionário, dicţionar, dicziunari, словарь, lolomi fefiloi, foclair, abardair, faclair, briathrachan, pukuntau, leksikon, rečnik, vocabbulariu, diccionario, sí-chazamagâma, ordbok, lexikon, พจนานุกรม, sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, словник, довідник, có tính chất sách vở, geirlyfr, geiriadur, for dictionary; definisie, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, الوضوحية في الشيء, حد, تحديد, تعريف, التحديد, الإيضاحية, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, 定義 , 定义, definice, deskriptordefinition, definitie, määritelmä, définition, ορισμός, "'"ר", "'בל", meghatározás, definíció, definizione, 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, 의, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght, definishon, definição, definiţie, determinare, definire, определение, definicija, definición, definition, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, diffiniad, darnodiad, for definition; vertaling, transferim, transmetim, ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ترجمة, إفتتان, транслация, огъване, превод, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, превеждане, 翻译, překlad, oversættelse, translatie, taajuusmuutos, translaatio, traduction, oersetting, Übersetzung, μετάφραση, תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק, fordítás, traduzione, 翻訳 , へい"ういどう, やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, トランスレーション , やくじゅつ, ほ"やくしょ, 번역, tradukshon, tradução, translaţie, tãlmãcire, traducere, сдвиг, трансляция, перемещение, перевод, tumačenje, traducción, översättning, tercüme, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích, trosiad, for translation; Albaans, Albanies, Albaniese taal, shqip, الألبانية, الألباني, албанец, албански език, албански, Albanyano, 阿"巴尼亚语, 阿爾巴尼亞人 , albánský, Albanees, albanskt, albanialainen, Albanais, Albaneesk, albaner, αλβανικόσ, Αλβανός, αλβανόσ, arbnisht, arbërisht, albán, albanskur, albanska, AlbÚinis, albanese, 알"니아, Albaneagh, albanês, arnãut, albanez, arnãuţesc, албанский, Alapania, albanski, albanac, albanés, alban, Arnavut, албанський, албанка, албанець, for Albanian; Arabies, arabishte, العربية, عربي, اللغة العربية, арабски език, арабски, 阿拉伯 , arabský, arabština, arábiskt, arabialainen, arabe, Arabysk, arabisch, αραβικόσ, ערבית, ערבי, arab, arabo, 아라비아, Arabish, arabir, arabic, арабский, Arapi, arapski, árabe, arabisk, าษาหรืออักขระอาหรับ, เกี่ยวกับอาระเบีย, arapça, arap, araplara özgü, арабська мова, арабський, tiếng A-rập, thuộc A-rập, for Arabic; Bulgaars, Bulgaar, bulgr, البلغارية, بلغاري, Búlgaru, български, български език, българин, Bulgaryan, 保 利亚, bulharský, bulgarer, bulgarskt, bulgarialainen, Bulgaarsk, bulgare, 'ούλγαρος, bullgar, bolgár, bulgaro, 불가리아, Bulgeyragh, Bulgeyrish, Bułgar, болгарский, болгарин, bugarski jezik, bugarski, bugarka, bugarin, búlgaro, bulgar, bulgaristan ile ilgili, болгарський, người Bun-ga-ri tiếng Bun-ga-ri, for Bulgarian; Sjinees, Chinees, kinez, الصينية, لغة الصين, صيني, الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, Chinu, китайски, Ininsik, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, kineser, kinesiskt, kinverskur, kiinalainen, Chinois, Sineesk, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, Kínverji, Sínis, cinese, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , 중국, Cina, Sheenish, Sheenagh, Hainamana, chines, Chińczyk, chinês, chinés, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, Saina, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, snesi, sneysi, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin, китаянка, китайська мова, китайський, кита"ць, for Chinese; Tsjeggies, Tsjeg, çek, تشيكي, اللغة التشيكوسلوفاكية, التشيكي أحد أبناء تشيكوسلوفاكيا, Checu, чешки, Sekoslovakyano, 捷克語 , 捷克语, 捷克 , èesky, èeské, èech, èeština, èeský, èeška, tjekker, tjekke, Tsjech, Tsjechisch, tjekkiskt, t?ekkiläinen, tchèque, Tsjechysk, Tscheche, tschechisch, Tschechin, Τσέχος, cseh, ceco, 체", Sheckagh, Sheckish, Czech, chèc, ceh, чешский, češki jezik, čeh, češki, checo, tjeck, Çek, çekoslovakyalı kimse, çekoslovakyalı, çek dili, чех, чеська мова, чеський, чешка, người Séc tiếng Séc, for Czech; Deens, danisht, danishte, لغة الدانمركية, نوع كعك, دانماركي, датски език, датски, Daniko, 丹麦语, dánský, dánština, danskur, danskt, tanskalainen, danois, Deensk, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, עו'ת שמרים, " י, dán, danska, Danmhairgis, danese, 덴마크, Danvargish, Danvargagh, danes, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова, tiếng Đan-mạch, for Danish; Nederlands, Hollands, holandez, هولندي, اللغة الهولندية, холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, Olandes, 菏蘭語 , 荷兰语, holandský, nizozemský, hollandsk, hollendskt, hollantilainen, néerlandais, Nederlânsk, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, holandisht, "ול "י, holland, hollenskur, Ollainnis, olandese, 네덜란", Belanda, Ollanish, Germaanish, Tatimana, nederlandsk, ulandes, hulandes, holandês, neerlandés, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, bakratongo, holländsk, ชาวเนเธอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับเนเธอร์แลน"์, รรยา, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський, ngôn ngữ khó hiểu, "b xã", for Dutch; Fins, finlandez, finlandishte, finlandisht, اللغة الفنلندية, فنلندية, فنلندي, фински език, фински, Pinlandino, 芬蘭語 , 芬兰语, finský, finskt, suomi, suomalainen, finnois, Finlandaise, finlandais, finnisch, φινλανδικόσ, פי י, finn, finnskur, finnska, finlandese, 핀란", Fynlannish, Fynlannagh, finlandês, finês, finlandezã, финский, Finisi, finski jezik, finski, finlandés, finés, finsk, fince, finlandiya'ya özgü, фінська мова, фінський, tiếng Phần-lan, for Finnish; Franse taal, Frans, franceze, francez, frëngjisht, frëng, frëngjishte, فرنسي, اللغة الفرنسية, الشعب الفرنسي, gall, френски език, френски, Pranses, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzština, francouzský, franskur, franskt, ranskalainen, français, Frânsk, französisch, γάλλοσ, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, צרפתי, צרפתית, francia, Fraincis, francese, フレコン化 , フランス" , 仏文 , 仏 , ふつぶ", フレンチ , フランセ , ふつ, "랑스, Perancis, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, frances, franses, francês, francezii, francezã, franţuzesc, franţuzeşte, французский, Falani, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, sí-Fulentji, fransk, franska, fransızca, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransız, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький, Ffrengig, isiFulentshi, for French; Duits, Duitser, Duitse taal, Germaan, gjerman, ضرب من الرقص, جرماني, المانية, الماني, اللغة الألمانية, роден, германски, немски език, немски, немец, готически, германец, 德語 , 德语, 德文 , 德國 , nìmecký, nìmec, tysker, Duitse, týskur, týskt, týskari, saksalainen, Allemand, Dútsk, Deutsche, Deutsch, "ερμανός, gjermanisht, 'רמ י, 'רמ ית, német, þjóðverji, þýskur, GearmÚnach, GearmÚinis, tedesco, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , 독일, todesch, Germaanagh, Garmane, Germaanish, Carmane, aleman, Niemiec, niemiecki, alemão, alemand, neamţ, немецкий, Siamani, germanski, alemán, Tudesku, Doysri, mjeremani, mdachi, sí-Jalimáne, tysk, เยอรมัน, าษาเยอรมัน, Alman, німкеня, німецький, німець, $sisters german$ chị em ruột, $cousin german$ anh chị em con chú bác ruột, sister, Almaenwr, isiJalimane, iliJalimane, iJalimane, for German; Grieks, Griek, الإغريقي, يوناني, اللغة اليونانية, Griegu, гръцки език, гръцки, грък, Griyego, 希臘語 , 希腊语, řecký, řeètina, řek, græker, grikst, kreikkalainen, grec, Gryk, Gryksk, Gryks, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, יו ית, יו י, görög, Grikki, greco, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", 그리스, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, grèc, greacã, греческий, Eleni, grk, grčki jezik, grčki, griego, grek, Yunanli, yunanlı, yunanca, yunan, Rumca, yunanistan'a ait, rum, грек, гречанка, грецька мова, грецький, kẻ cắp b gi gặp nhau, quân bạc bịp tôi không thể hiểu được điều đó thật l kỳ phùng địch thủ, người Hy-lạp tiếng Hy-lạp kẻ bịp bợm, kẻ lừa đảo, Groegwr, for Greek; Jood, Hebreeus, Israeliet, hebraishte, يهودي, عبري, اليهودية, اللغة العبرية, العبرية, Hebréu, иврит, древен жител на юдея, юдейски, израилтянин, евреин, староеврейски, староеврейски език, юдей, 西伯来, 希伯來語 , hebrejský, hebrejka, hebrejec, hebrejština, joods, Hebreeuws, hebraiskt, juutalainen, hébreu, Hebrieusk, hebräisch, hebräer, εβραϊκόσ, εβραϊκά, εβραίοσ, עברית, עברי, zsidó, héber, izraelita, Eabhrais, ebraico, ebreo, ヘブライ語 , ヘブライ", Ewagh, Ew, Ewnish, hudiu, hebraico, hebreu, ebrèu, limba ebraicã, izraelit, evreu, evreiesc, ebraic, еврейский, еврей, древнееврейский, древнееврейский язык, Eperu, hibru, hebreo, dyu, Myahudi, Yahudi, hebreiska, hebreisk, jude, ชาวฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), าษาฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), musevi, ibranice, ibrani, іудей, старо"врейська мова, старо"врейський, іврит, "врейський, "врей, người Hê-brơ, Hebraeg, Hebreaidd, for Hebrew; Hongaars, Hongaar, hungarez, الهنغاري, مجري, هنغاري, المجري, اللغة الهنغارية, Húngaru, унгарски език, унгарски, унгарец, Hungaryan, 匈牙利語 , 匈牙利语, maïarský, maïar, maïarština, ungarer, Hongaarse, ungarskt, unkarilainen, hongrois, Hongaarsk, ungar, Ούγγρος, "ו 'רי, magyar, ungherese, 헝가리, Ungaarish, Ungaaragh, Węgier, ongrés, ungureşte, ungur, limba maghiarã, unguresc, maghiar, limba ungarã, венгр, венгерский, mađarski, mađar, mađarski jezik, húngaro, ungrare, ชาวฮังการี, macarca, macar, угорська мова, угорка, угорський, угорець, người Hung-ga-ri tiếng Hung-ga-ri, for Hungarian; Indonesies, indonezian, الماليزي أحد أبناء ماليزيا, اللغة الأندونيسية, Indonesiu, индонезийски език, индонезийски, 印度尼西亚语, 印度尼西亞語 , indonéský, indonéština, indonésan, indoneser, Indonesisch, Indisch, Indonesiër, indonesiskt, indonesialainen, indonésien, Yndonesysk, Indonesier, Ινδονήσιος, indonéz, indonesiano, インドネシア語 , インドネシア", 인도네시아, Indoneesagh, indonésio, indonésia, индонезийский, индонезиец, Indtasisian, indonezijski, indonežanin, indonesio, indones, Indonesyo, endonezya'ya ait, endonezyalı, endonezya dili, endonezya, індонезі"ць, індонезійський, індонезійська мова, індонезійка, người In-ddô-nê-xi-a tiếng In-ddô-nê-xi-a, for Indonesian; Italianer, Italiaans, Italiaan, شخص إيطالي, اللغة الإيطالية, الإيطالي, إيطالي, Italianu, италиански език, италиански, италианец, Italyano, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italština, italský, ital, italiener, italienskt, italialainen, Italien, Italjaansk, italienisch, Ιταλός, italisht, איטלקי, איטלקית, olasz, Ítali, IodÚilis, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, Włoch, italianã, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, итальянский язык, итальянский, итальянец, Italia, italijanski, italijanski jezik, italijan, sí-Taliyáne, italienare, italiensk, italienska, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, ชาวอิตาลี, าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка, for Italian; korean, كوري شمالي, اللغة الكورية, كوري جنوبي, كوري, Coreanu, корейски, корейски език, Koryano, 韩国语, "國 , 朝鮮語 , korejský, korejec, korejština, Koreaans, koreanskt, coréen, Koreaansk, koreanisch, Koreaner, κορεάτησ, κορεάτικοσ, koreai, 한국, koreano, coréia, a língua coreana, coreean, limba coreeanã, кореец, корейский, Kolea, korejski jezik, korejski, koreanac, coreano, koreansk, ชาวเกาหลี, kore'li, кореянка, коре"ць, корейська мова, корейський, người Triều tiên tiếng Triều tiên, for korean; gjuha e popullsisë së ishullit men, manský, manština, manx, mann-szigeti nyelv, Gaelgagh, Yn Ghaelg, Manninish, Manninagh, язык жителей о-ва мэн, с о-ва мэн, s ostrva mana, los habitantes de la isla de man, lengua de la isla de man, de la isla de man, från ön man, man dili, man adası, менський діалект, менський, for manx; Portugees, portugez, portugalisht, اللغة البرتغالية, البرتغالية, البرتغالي, португалски език, португалски, португалец, Potuges, 葡萄牙语, 葡萄牙人 , 葡萄牙語 , portugalský, portugiser, portugisiskt, portugalilainen, portugais, Portugeesk, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, Portaingéilis, portoghese, ポルトガル語 , ポルトガル", 포르투갈, Portiugish, Portiugagh, portugues, Portugalczyk, português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalski, portugalac, portugués, Mreno, si-Putúkezi, portugis, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, portekizce, португальська мова, португальський, португалець, người B"-đ o-nha tiếng B"-đ o-nha, for Portuguese; Roemeen, rumun, Rumanu, румънски език, румънски, румънец, Romanyan, 罗马尼亚语, rumunský, rumunština, rumæner, Roemeens, rumenskt, romanialainen, roumain, Roemeensk, rumäne, ρουμανόσ, Ρουμάνος, román, rumeno, 루마니아, Roomainagh, romeno, romanés, român, румын, румынский, rumunski, rumunski jezik, rumano, rumänsk, румунська мова, румун, румунський, румунка, for Romanian; Russies, Rus, الروسية, روسي, اللغة الروسية, Rusu, руски, руски език, руснак, Rusyan, 俄語 , 俄语, 俄文 , ruština, ruský, russer, russur, russiskt, venäläinen, Russysk, Russe, russisch, Ρώσος, רוסי, orosz, rússneskur, Rússi, Rúisis, russo, ロシア語 , ロシア", 러시아, Rooshish, Rooshagh, russisk, Rosjanin, русский, Lusia, ruski jezik, ruski, ruso, sí-Rashîya, ryss, ชาวรัสเซีย, rusça, росіянка, росіянин, російська мова, російський, người Nga tiếng Nga, for Russian; 塞爾維亞克羅地亞語 , 塞"维亚-克罗地亚语, serbokroatisch, 세르보크로아티아, servo-croata, sârbo-croat, srpsko-hrvatski, srpsko-hrvatski jezik, serbokroatiska, serbokroatisk, เกี่ยวกับ าษาเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, าษาหลักของชาวเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, for Serbo-Croatian; Spaans, Spaanse taal, spanjoll, اللغة الأسبانية, الأسبانية, أسباني, испански език, испански, espanyoles, Espanyol, 西班牙语, 西班牙文 , 西班牙語 , španìlský, španìlština, spanskt, espanjalainen, espagnol, Spaansk, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, karaiñe'êmegua, ספר"ית, ספר"י, spanyol, SpÚinnis, spagnolo, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , 스페인, Spaainagh, Spaainish, spañó, espanhol, espanhòl, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, spaniol, испанский, Sipaniolo, španski jezik, španski, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyolca, ispanyol, іспанська мова, іспанський, for Spanish; Sweeds, suedez, اللغة السويدية, Suecu, шведски език, шведски, швед, Swedis, 瑞典語 , 瑞典语, švédský, švédština, Zweeds, svenskt, ruotsalainen, suédois, Sweedsk, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svéd, sænskur, Sualainnis, svedese, スウェーデン語 , スウェーデン", 스웨덴, Soolynish, Soolynagh, suèc, шведский, švedski jezik, švedski, sueco, svensk, เกี่ยวกับคน าษาและวั'นธรรมของประเทศสวีเ"น, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí, шведська мова, шведський, người Thuỵ điển tiếng Thuỵ điển, for Swedish; Tailandes, 泰國 , 泰文 , 泰国, 泰 , thailænder, Thailander, Thai, Thais, thailendskt, thaimaalainen, Thaïlandais, thailändisch, Thailänder, Ταϊλανδός· Ταϊλανδέζος, tailandese, 泰語 , たい", 타이 말, tailandês, tailandés, thailändare, ที่เกี่ยวกับประเทศไทย, าษาไทย, เกี่ยวกับคนไทย, คนไทย, Taylandlı, Tayland Dili, Tayland, Tai Dili, Та"ць, Тайська Мова, Тайський, for Thai; Turks, turk, تركي أحد أبناء تركيا, اللغة التركية, Turcu, турски, турски език, Turko, 土耳其, 土耳其語 , tureètina, turecký, turkist, turkkilainen, turque, turc, Turksk, türkisch, τούρκικοσ, טורקי, török, Yn Turkish, Turkagh, turcesc, турецкий, turski jezik, turski, turco, turkisk, türk, türkçe, турецька мова, турецький, tiếng Thổ nhĩ kỳ, for Turkish; 乌克兰, for Ukranian; Vietnamees, vietnamez, vietnamisht, виетнамски език, виетнамски, Vietnamis, 越南語 , 越南 , 越南语, vietnamský, vietnamka, vietnamec, vietnamština, vietnameser, vjetmanskt, vietnamilainen, vietnamien, Fjetnameesk, vietnamese, vietnamesisch, Vietnamesin, 'ιετναμέζος, vietnami, vietnámi, ベトナ 人 , ベトナ じ", 트남, vietnamita, вьетнамский, vijetnamski jezik, vijetnamski, vijetnamac, vietnames, vietnam, vietnamlı, vietnam dili, в'"тнамець, в'"тнамський, người Việt nam tiếng Việt, for Vietnamese; 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