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Definition: Bridge |
BridgeNoun1. A structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc. 2. A circuit consisting of two branches (4 arms arranged in a diamond configuration) across which a meter is connected. 3. Something resembling a bridge in form or function: "his letters provided a bridge across the centuries". 4. The hard ridge that forms the upper part of the nose; "her glasses left marks on the bridge of her nose". 5. Any of various card games based on whist for four players. 6. A wooden support that holds the strings up. 7. A denture anchored to teeth on either side of missing teeth. 8. The link between two lenses; rests on nose. 9. An upper deck where a ship is steered and the captain stands. Verb1. Connect or reduce the distance between. 2. Make a bridge across; "bridge a river". 3. Cross over on a bridge. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "bridge" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references) |
Note: Bridge \Bridge\ (br[i^]j), transitive verb. [imperfect & past participle. Bridged(br[i^]jd); Bridging.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | BRIDGE A component of ICES for civil engineers. [Sammet 1969, p. 616]. bridge |
Building & Civil Engineering | Bridge: A structure to carry traffic across a gap. Its substructure ( or ) infrastructure consists of an abutment at each end and intermediate piers if the bridge has more than one span. Its superstructure may be of massive construction in the form of a concrete, masonry or brick arch or in simple cases wooden beams: otherwise of steel or reinforced concrete slabs, built-up girders with cross girders, etc. Bridges are divisible also into over-bridges and under-bridges and according to whether they carry a railway or have a solid deck ( or ) floor for road traffic, or are footbridges. A multi-span bridge over a valley may be called a viaduct, or if it carries a water channel may be part of an acqueduct, but these terms are not precise. Source: European Union. (references) |
Dream Interpretation | To see a long bridge dilapidated, and mysteriously winding into darkness, profound melancholy over the loss of dearest possessions and dismal situations will fall upon you. To the young and those in love, disappointment in the heart's fondest hopes, as the loved one will fall below your ideal. To cross a bridge safely, a final surmounting of difficulties, though the means seem hardly safe to use. Any obstacle or delay denotes disaster. To see a bridge give way before you, beware of treachery and false admirers. Affluence comes with clear waters. Sorrowful returns of best efforts are experienced after looking upon or coming in contact with muddy or turbid water in dreams. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Electrical Engineering | A local area network internetworking device that filters and passes data between LANs based on layer 2(medium access control layer)information. Source: European Union. (references) |
Industry | An internal double wall separating the melting end and working end of a tank furnace and through which they are linked by means of the throat. Source: European Union. (references) |
Language | A form of dental prosthesis which replaces one or more lost or missing teeth, being supported and held in position by attachments to adjacent teeth. Source: European Union. (references) |
Math | An edge of a connected graph whose removal would make the graph unconnected. (references) |
Mechanical Engineering | The movable horizontal part of a planing machine, boring mill or similar machine, along which one or more tool heads slide. Source: European Union. (references) |
Metallurgy | Annular deposit of slag and agglomerated metallic materials forming on the cupola furnace wall above the tuyeres. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | A bridge where a return airway passes over(overcast)or under(undercast)an intake airway; it is generally constructed with bricks, or concrete and steel joists, and the whole made airtight to prevent intermixing of the two air currents. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A. A rock fragment, cavings, or other obstruction that lodges (either accidentally or intentionally) part way down in a drill hole (such as in an oil well) b. Debris that plugs a borehole at a point above the bottom. Between the underside of the bridge and the bottom of the drill hole, the borehole is free of debris c. To deliberately plug a borehole at a point some distance above its bottom d. To form a bridge in a drill hole e. In a cave, a solutional remnant of rock that spans a passage from wall to wall f. A device to measure the resistance of a wire or other conductor forming a part of an electric circuit. g. A piece of timber held above the cap of a set by blocks and used to facilitate the driving of spiling in soft or running ground. h. Refers to the overburden used for spanning the natural gap between the highwall and the spoil, when such is required to establish a temporary machine surface standing area closer to the disposal area than that provided by the virgin ground i. In an electric blasting cap, the wire that is heated by electric current so as to ignite the charge j. Sometimes, the shunt connection between the cap wires. (references) | |
Slang in 1811 | BRIDGE. To make a bridge of any one's nose; to push the bottle past him, so as to deprive him of his turn of filling his glass; to pass one over. Also to play booty, or purposely to avoid winning. Source: 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue. |
Transportation | Ship's structure, topside and unusually forward, that contains control and visual communication stations. Source: European Union. (references) |
| An artificial more or less level surfaced structure spanning a body of water or a depression in the land, often carrying a road or railway. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| A structure spanning a depression, a body of water, or a transportation right-of-way which provides a travel way for transportation vehicles, pedestrians, or a pipeline. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Pedestrian bridge over the River Windrush at Bourton-on-the-Water (south west England).
Larger version
A bridge is an engineered structure built to span a gorge, valley, road, railroad track, river or other body of water, or any other physical obstacle.
History
The first bridges were simple wooden logs or planks spanning a stream or such; the next examples found use stone, but again as a simple support and crossbeam arrangement. The arch was first used by the Roman Empire for bridges, and many Roman bridges and aqueducts still exist today. The Romans also had cement, which reduced the variation of strength found in natural stone. Brick and mortar bridges were built after the Roman era, as the technology for cement was lost.
With the advent of the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century, truss systems of wrought iron were developed for larger bridges, but iron did not have the tensile strength to support large loads. With the advent of steel, with its high tensile strength, much larger bridges were built, many using the ideas of Gustave Eiffel, which were first shown at the Eiffel Tower in Paris France.
Etymology
The Oxford English Dictionary traces the origin of the word bridge to an Old Norse word brygga, meaning "landing stage, gangway, or movable pier".Types of bridge
A bridge is usually either designed for trains, pedestrian or road traffic. In the latter case there may be restrictions in use; for example, it may be a bridge carrying a highway and forbidden for pedestrians and bicycles, or a pedestrian bridge, possibly also for bicycles. A bridge which has especially large arches over a gap is called a viaduct. An aqueduct is a kind of bridge that carries water, resembling a viaduct. Sometimes a bridge carries a pipeline only. When a bridge spans a road or railroad track, it is often called an overpass (US) or flyover (UK).
Movable bridges
To allow ships to pass which can not pass under it, a bridge may be constructed such that it (or part of it) can be turned up (drawbridge; either one part or two) or sideways (swing bridge). A third method is that the bridge deck is lifted while staying horizontal (lifting bridge).
For small bridges these movements may be enabled without the need for an engine. Some bridges are operated by the users, especially those with a boat, others by a bridge-man/woman, sometimes remotely using video-cameras and loudspeakers.
There are often traffic lights for the road and water traffic, and moving barriers for the road traffic.
See also
- Cable-stayed bridge
- caisson construction
- compression bridge
- covered bridge
- pontoon bridge
- suspension bridge
- toll bridge
- transporter bridge
Works of art
featuring bridges or using a bridge metaphor
- The song (using the term metaphorically), Bridge Over Troubled Water.
- The film Bridge over the River Kwai
- The film Bridge (1922)
- Iain Banks' novel The Bridge (1986)
See also
- List of bridges
Other meanings
The bridge of a ship is so called because it once was a bridge between paddlewheels on either side of early steamboats. This new vantage point was deemed so convenient that it was retained after the paddlewheels were superseded. Bridge is also the name of a card game, short for "contract bridge" or "auction bridge" or "duplicate bridge." In a musical string instrument a bridge is the device which anchors the strings at the body end of the strings. In song writing a bridge is a part of a song that connects two parts of that song, leading to a more harmonic connection between these parts. A bridge, or "partial plate," is a dental prosthesis used in place of missing teeth and may be removable or permanently attached. A bridge is an electronic device used to connect two segments of a computer network (combining two networks) or of a telephone network (to support multi-party conference call on telephone). A bridge, short for "bridge loan," is the financing for a construction project that is replaced by (= paid off with the proceeds of) a mortgage on the property once it is built. In computer science Bridge is the name of a design pattern for computer programming introduced by the Gang of Four in their book Design Patterns. Its use is to separate an abstraction and its actual implementation into separate class hierarchies.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Bridge."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The bridge pattern is a design pattern used in software engineeringThe bridge design pattern is meant to "decouple an abstraction from its implementation so that the two can vary independently" (Gamma et. al.). The bridge uses encapsulation, aggregation, and can use inheritance to separate responsibilities into different classes.
When a class varies often, the features of object-oriented programming become very useful because changes to a program's code can be made easily with minimal prior knowledge about the program. The bridge pattern is useful when not only the class itself varies often but also what the class does. The class itself can be thought of as the abstraction and what the class can do as the implementation.
When the abstraction and implementation are separated they can vary independently. A good example use of the bridge design pattern comes from Design Patterns Explained: A New Perspective on Object-Oriented Design by Shalloway and Trott. Say you have an abstraction, shapes. You want to have many types of shapes and each with its own properties but there are things that all shapes do. One thing you want all shapes to do is draw themselves. However, drawing graphics to a screen can sometimes be dependent on different graphics implementations or operating systems. You want your shapes to be able to be drawn on many types of systems but having the shape itself implement them all or modifying the shape class to work with different architechtures. The bridge helps by allowing you to create new classes that provide the drawing implementation. The, abstraction, shape class provides methods for getting the size or properties of a shape while the, implementation, drawing class provides an interface for drawing graphics. Now if a new shape needs to be created or you want to draw your shapes on a new graphics API then it is very easy to add a new class that implements the features you need.
References
- Shalloway, Alan. Trott, James R. Design Patterns Explained: A New Perspective on Object-Oriented Design. Addison Wesley 2002
- Gamma. Helm. Johnson. Vlissides. Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison Wesley 1994
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Bridge pattern."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Contract bridge, more usually known as Bridge, is a trick-taking card game for four players who form two teams. The players of one team sit opposite one another. Game play is in two phases: bidding and playing.
History
A number of card games similar to whist can be traced all the way back to the early 16th century. They were all trick-taking games with a variety of minor variations. Whist became the dominant form, and enjoyed a loyal following for centuries.In the 1890s, the innovation of allowing the dealer to choose a trump suit became popular in the United States and England, and the resultant game was called "bridge whist". In 1904, the concept of using an auction phase to determine which player got to designate the trump suit caught hold, and this variation was known as "auction bridge".
The modern game was the result of innovations to auction bridge made by Harold Vanderbilt, who probably borrowed many of the ideas from elsewhere. He wrote down his rules for contract bridge in 1925, and it became the dominant form of the game within a few years. It has supplanted all other forms of the game, including "auction bridge", so that "bridge" is now synonymous with "contract bridge".
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word bridge is the English pronunciation of biritch, an older name of the game of unknown middle eastern origin. The OED reports speculation that it may come from a Turkish term, bir-uc which translates as "one-three" and is said to refer to the fact that one hand is exposed and three are concealed.
Dealing
The game is played with one complete deck of 52 cards. One player is the dealer, and deals 13 cards to each player. In the next round, the player left to the current dealer will be dealer.
The Auction
The dealer makes the first call, and the bidding continues clockwise until three players in rotation have passed after any call. A call is any bid, a pass, a double or a redouble.When a player has the turn to bid, he may do any of the following:
A bid must include a number of odd tricks (from one to seven) and a denomination. Odd tricks are the tricks that a team proposes to take in excess of six (known as book). A denomination is any suit or notrump specified in a bid.
- Make a new bid,
- Pass,
- Double if the last preceding bid was made by the opponents, or
- Redouble a bid that has been doubled by the opponent.
Each bid must supersede the last preceding bid by naming a greater number of tricks in any denomination, or by naming the same number of tricks in a higher ranking denomination. The rank of the denominations in descending order is notrump, spades, hearts, diamonds, clubs.
When the auction ends the player on the team that has made the highest bid who first bid the denomination of that bid will be the declarer.
When, in a deal, all four players have passed without there being a bid, the deal is scored as a zero and the cards are passed on to the next dealer.
Bidding Systems and Conventions
A pair is allowed to try to pass information about their hands, but this is restricted in two ways:
Thus, one may have all kind of meanings for biddings, as long as they are told to the opponents.
- Information may only be passed by the bids made and the cards played, not by anything else.
- All information must be fully explained to the opponents.
The meaning of the various bids in a partnership are called that partnership's bidding system. There exist a number of different bidding systems, such as Goren, Acol, Standard American, Precision etcetera.
A bid that means something different than a certain range of points and length in the suit bid and/or a willingness to play in that suit, is called a convention. Many conventions have been invented, some of the most famous are Stayman, Jacoby transfers and Blackwood.
The Play of the Hand
The player from the pair that won the bidding (that is, the pair that is going to play the contract), who was the first to make a bid in the suit of the final contract (who is thus either the player bidding the final contract or his partner), is called the declarer. His partner is called the dummy.
The first trick is started by the player to the left of the declarer. After the first card has been played, the dummy lays his cards open on the table. These cards are from then on played by the declarer, who tells the dummy which card is to be played whenever it is the dummy's turn to play on a trick.
Apart from this, the play is just like other trick-taking games - the player who made the previous trick starts the next one (if the declarer made the trick in the dummy, he has to play from the dummy on the next trick, if he made the trick in his own hand, he has to play from his own hand). Whether there is a trump and if so which, has been decided during bidding.
Techniques in the play of the hand
Basic Techniques by Declarer
A beginning player should be familiar with these strategies for playing the hand.
- crossruff
- duck (the holdup at NT contracts)
- establishing long suits
- finesse
- managing entries
- when to draw trumps
Advanced Techniques by Declarer
Someone who plays regularly in tournaments should be familiar with these concepts.
- counting the hand (tracking opponent's distribution and HCP, using inferences from the bidding and play)
- coup
- duck (in the context of setting up a squeeze or endplay, or to deny the defense of entries)
- dummy reversal
- endplay
- Morton's Fork Coup (a manoeuvre based on the principle of Morton's Fork) For example, if declarer holds Kx opposite Qxx, and he knows where the ace is, he will lead through the player holding the ace. If that player grabs his ace, this establishes a discard for declarer. If that player saves his ace, the declarer will instead use a discard on that suit, and the ace will be lost.
- rectifying the count
- safety play
- squeeze
- trump coup
Basic Techniques by Defenders
- opening lead
- when to lead trump
Advanced Techniques by Defenders
- avoiding an endplay or squeeze
- counting the hand (tracking opponent's distribution and HCP, using inferences from the bidding and play)
- opening lead - using information from auction
- signalling
- uppercut
Duplicate Bridge
Like all other card games, the score in bridge is dependent on one's cards. To diminish this effect, and make Bridge less a game of chance and more a game of skill, in clubs and tournaments one's score is not looked at on its own, but compared to that of others who played the same deals. There are two major systems: Pairs and teams games.
Pairs games
In a pairs game, each deal is played a number of times, after which all the scores are compared. Each pair scores 2 points for each other pair that with the same hand scored less points (or had their opponents score more points), and 1 point for each other pair that scored the same number of points. These points are added over a number of games to determine the winner. Scores are usually given in percentages; 100% means that the pair scored more than any other pair on all the hands, 50% means that it scored a dead average in the tournament.
[Note: in the United States, scoring is 1 point for each pair beaten, and one-half-point for each pair tied.]
Team of four games
In a teams game, a pair is part of a team of two pairs. Each deal is played twice, and the second time the other pair of the team plays the cards that were played by the opponents the first time. Of course the teams may not discuss the deals between the two plays. After each deal has been played twice, the scores per deal are compared, and a score is given depending on the total score in the two times playing. For example, if one pair scores +1000 on a deal, and their team mates score -980, then the team's score on that deal is +20. Usually, this number is converted using a scale that compresses big scores. Otherwise, one slam hand will determine who wins. At "board-a-match", each hand has equal weight; each hand is won, lost, or tied. At IMPs, the difference is converted using a 0-24 scale that compresses big swings. Games and slams still count for more than partscores, but not as much as at "total points".
Scoring - Rubber Bridge
In friendly play, one generally plays rubber bridge. In rubber bridge, extra points are scored for winning a rubber, which means getting to a game (100 points) twice. There are two types of points: Points below the line and points above the line. Only points below the line count towards a game.
Score for making
If the declarer makes his contract, the number bid, multiplied by a suit-dependent multiplier, is scored below the line. Any overtricks, again multiplied by the suit-dependent multiplier, are scored above the line.
The multiplier is 20 for clubs and diamonds, and 30 for hearts and spades. For No Trump, the multiplier is also 30, but with an added 10 points below the line.
Examples:
bid: 2 clubs, made 9 tricks: 40 (2x20) points below, 20 (1x20) above the line.
bid: 4 hearts, made 10 tricks: 120 (4x30) points below, 0 (0x30) above the line.
bid: 4 no trump, made 11 tricks: 130 (4x30+10) points below, 30 (1x30) above the line.
Game and Rubber
If the score of the pair below the line equals or exceeds 100 points (either at once or taken together with what already was below the line), the team is said to have scored a game, and all scores below the line are turned into scores above the line. If the team has made their second game, the rubber has ended, and the final scores are counted. The team that won the rubber scores 500 points bonus if their opponents also made a game, 700 points bonus otherwise.
Vulnerability and slam bonus
A team that has already made a game, is called vulnerable, which is of importance for the slam bonus and for the downtricks.
If a player bids and makes a bid of 6 in something, he is said to have made a small slam. This gives a bonus (above the line) of 500 points when not vulnerable, and 750 points when vulnerable. If a player bids and makes a bid of 7 in something (thus scoring all the tricks), he is said to have made a grand slam. This gives a bonus of 1000 points when not vulnerable, and 1500 points when vulnerable.
Undertricks
If a pair goes down, their opponents score points above the line. If the pair is not vulnerable, their opponents get 50 points per undertrick, if it is vulnerable 100 points per undertrick.
Doubling
If a pair is doubled, and makes their contract, they get double points for all tricks bid, while overtricks score extra - 100 points per overtrick if not vulnerable, 200 points if vulnerable. Furthermore, the pair gets 50 points bonus 'for the insult'. All these values are doubled again if the contract was redoubled. The slam bonuses are not influenced by a double, nor are the rubber bonuses - although the latter are of course influenced by the fact that there are more scores below the line, and thus games are reached faster.
If a pair is doubled and goes down, the penalty (points to the other pair) are as follows:
These scores are also doubled again if the contract was redoubled.
- If the pair is not vulnerable, 100 for the first downtrick, 200 for the second and third, and 300 for each subsequent downtrick.
- If the pair is vulnerable, 200 for the first downtrick, and 300 for each following one.
Footnote - Recent scoring changes
If you read old Bridge books, you may notice some differences in the scoring rules.The undertrick penalty when doubled, not vulnerable, used to be 100 for the first undertrick and 200 for each subsequent. This was changed because it was too easy to sacrifice against a grand slam. A vulnerable grand slam is worth 1500 (slam bonus) + 500 (game bonus) + 210 (major suit trick score) = 2210. Down 11, doubled not vulnerable, used to be 2100, a profitable sacrifice.
Also, the "insult bonus" for making a redoubled contract used to be only 50. This was changed to 100, so that playing 5 of a minor, redoubled, making an overtrick, is always worth more than an undoubled small slam.
Scoring - Duplicate Bridge
In duplicate bridge, which is what is normally played on a club or tournament, each hand is played on itself, and not as part of a rubber. This changes (and simplifies) the scoring as described above.
In duplicate bridge, if the required number of tricks for the contract has been made, the pair gets a number of points for the tricks bid and the overtricks as described above (20 per trick above 6 in clubs/diamonds, 30 per trick in hearts/spades, 30 per trick plus 10 bonus in No Trump, possibly doubled or redoubled). If the number actually bid is enough to score 100 points or more, a game has been made, which scores 300 when not vulnerable and 500 when vulnerable. If it is lower, the score is not carried over to the next hand, but there is a 'part score' bonus of 50 points.
The bonus for slam, the bonus 'for the insult' and the scores for downtricks and doubled overtricks are the same as described above.
In duplicate bridge, in every series of four deals, the vulnerabilities of 'all vulnerable', 'none vulnerable', 'vulnerable against not vulnerable' and 'not vulnerable against vulnerable' will all occur once, in a predetermined order.
Bidding Boxes and Bidding Screens
In tournaments, "bidding boxes" are frequently used. This prevents unauthorized information from being conveyed via voice inflection. For example, saying "double" versus "**DOUBLE**". In the top national and international events, "bidding screens" are used. You are unable to see or hear your partner until the bidding is over. There are 2 players on each side of the screen. All alerts are written, and each player alerts both his and his partner's bids.
Most of these problems are avoided in online Bridge. There is less unintentional cheating due to unauthorized information. However, blatant cheating is possible. For example, you can conduct a phone conversation with your partner on a separate line. Fortunately, most experts can detect such cheating. Electronically, a detailed record of every hand is kept, so abuse complaints can usually be resolved properly. Another benefit of online Bridge is that it is impossible to revoke or lead out of turn, as the software won't accept your attempted illegal play.
Bridge on the Internet
There are several free and some subscription-based servers available for playing bridge on the internet. OKBridge, the oldest of the internet Bridge services, is the most popular service among better players. The ACBL has started its own subscription-based internet Bridge service without much success. The free servers don't police cheating and have a lower quality of play.
There are many advantages to playing Bridge online:
There are also some disadvantages to playing online:
- The ability to choose when you play. A club game may start at 7pm and end at 10pm. Playing online, you can choose to play from 7-9 or 6-11.
- The ability to choose your opponents. In a club game, you may be forced to play against pairs that are much weaker, rude, or much stronger. Playing online, you can play against opponents of nearly equal ability.
- An accurate player rating system. The ACBL masterpoints system measures how much you've played rather than how well. Most online services feature a rating system similar to that of the ELO system in chess. These ratings are not perfect, but they are a good estimate.
- Fewer convention restrictions. Since you can choose your opponents, there are no convention restrictions. Many players dislike the ACBL because of its convention restrictions.
- It is easier to police cheating online. Accidental "unauthorized information" problems happen less online. Intentional cheating, such as calling your partner on the telephone, is easier. However, there is a complete record of each bid and play, so it is easy for an expert to detect cheating afterwards. A player won't be banned due to one complaint of cheating, but it is easy to establish a pattern.
- The ability to choose your opponents. If you get a good result or two, your opponents will probably leave. If you get a bad result with a pickup partner, your partner will likely leave.
- Some players are more rude online than they would be in person, but this is a very subjective statement.
Definitions of Common Terms
(move this section to a separate page?)
- trump
- ruff
- dummy reversal
- crossruff
- bid
- call
- pass
- major suit
- minor suit
- slam
- game
- rubber
- double
- declarer
- dummy
- defender
- board
- notrump
- ACBL
- OKBridge
- director
- revoke
- lead out of turn
- vulnerable
- partscore
External link
Great Bridge LinksSource: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Contract bridge."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A guitar is a stringed musical instrument played with the fingers or a plectrum (guitar pick).
Acoustic guitar (larger image)The guitar is descended from the lute, and like the lute has frets on the fingerboard, to fix the positions of the notes, or scale. Guitars usually have 6 strings, although there are variations on this, the most common being a twelve string guitar, the ukelele, and bass guitar, both of which have four strings.
A variety of different tunings are used. The most common by far, known as "standard tuning", is (low to high) E-A-d-g-b-e'. Standard tuning has evolved to provide a good compromise of both simple fingering for many chords, and the ability to play common scales with minimal left hand movement.
Some common alternate tunings
There are also tenor guitars, baritone guitars tuned ADGCEA (or GDGCDG, GDGCEA, GCGCEG, ...) a fifth lower than a normal guitar, treble guitars tuned a fourth higher than a standard (prime) guitar, and contrabass guitars, which are tuned one octave lower than prime guitars.
- E-A-d-f#-b-e which provides the same intervals as for a lute
- D-G-d-g-b-d commonly used for blues or slide guitar
- D-A-d-g-b-e' frequently used in folk music, and by nu metal bands
Broadly speaking, guitars can be divided into 2 categories:
Hybrids of acoustic and electric guitars are also common. There are also more exotic varieties, such as "double-headed" electric guitars, all manner of alternate string arrangements, fretless fingerboards, and such.
- Acoustic guitars: The traditional guitar is not dependent on any external device for amplification, unlike the electric guitar (see below). However, the unamplified guitar is not a loud instrument, that is, it cannot "compete" with other instruments commonly found in bands and orchestras, in terms of sheer audible volume. Most acoustic guitars are available today with built in electronics to enable amplification. There are several subcategories within the acoustic guitar group: classical and flamenco guitars, both of which use nylon and composite strings, and steel string guitars, which includes the flat top, or "folk" guitar, the closely related twelve string guitar, and the arch top guitar. A recent arrival in the acoustic guitar group is the acoustic bass guitar, similar in tuning to the electric bass.
- Classical guitars: These are typically strung with nylon or gut, and amplification is provided by the resonant hollow body. They are normally played in a seated position and used to play classical music. Flamenco guitars are almost equal in construction, have a sharper sound, and are used in flamenco. In Mexico, the popular mariachi band includes a range of guitars, from the tiny requinto to the guitarron, a guitar larger than a cello, which is tuned in the bass register.
- Flat top guitars: Similar to the Classical guitar, but with a narrower, reinforced neck and stronger structural design, to sustain the extra tension of steel strings which produce a louder and brighter tone, the acoustic guitar is a staple in folk, traditional and blues music.
- Resonator, resophonic or dobro guitars: Similar to the flat top guitar, but with a metal resonator mounted in the middle of the top rather than an open sound hole. The purpose of the resonator is to amplify the sound of the guitar; this purpose has been largely superceded by electrical amplification, but the resonator is still played by those desiring its distinctive sound. This type of guitar is more commonly played face up, on the lap of the seated player, and often with a metal or glass slide.
- 12 string guitars usually have steel strings and are widely used in folk music and rock and roll. Rather than having only six strings, the 12-string guitar has pairs, like a mandolin. Each pair of strings is tuned either in unison (the two highest) or an octave apart (the others). They are made both in acoustic and electric forms.
- Archtop guitars are steel string, acoustic instruments which feature a violin-inspired design in which the top and back of the instrument are carved in a curved rather than a flat shape. Lloyd Loar of the Gibson company invented this variation of guitar after designing a style of mandolin of the same type. They were immediately adopted by both jazz and country musicians, but fell out of style when rock and roll grew popular since their design is not capable of extreme amplification.
- Acoustic bass guitars also have steel strings, and match the tuning of the electric bass, which is likewise similar to the traditional double bass viol, the "big bass", a staple of string orchestras and bluegrass bands alike.
- Electric guitars: Electric guitars can have solid, semi-hollow or hollow bodies, and produce little or very low sound without amplification. Electromagnetic pickups convert the vibration of the steel strings into electric signals which are fed to an amplifier through a cable or radio device. The sound is frequently modified by other electronic devices or natural distortion of valves in the amplifier. The electric guitar is used extensively in blues and rock and roll, and was commercialized by Gibson together with Les Paul and independently by Leo Fender. The electric bass is similar in tuning to the traditional double bass viol.
- See also: guitarist, bass guitar, Jazz guitar, electric guitar, Chitarrone, Casio guitar, Air guitar
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Guitar."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Mackinac Bridge - nicknamed the "Mighty Mac" (alternately spelled and pronouced Mackinaw)The Mackinac Bridge is now the world's third longest complex suspension bridge. Its total length is 5 miles between the cities of St. Ignace, Michigan and Mackinaw City, Michigan and connects the Upper Peninsula of Michigan with the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. It cost $44,532,900 to build and 5 men died in the construction. However, the suspension section of the bridge (between Main Towers) 3,800 feet, which is far short of the world's longest suspension span, currently held by Japan's Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge with a center span (between Main Towers) of 6,532 feet (1,991 meters)
Before the bridge was built, the only way to cross the Mackinac Straits which divides the two peninsulas of Michigan was by ferry. Inspired by completion of the Brooklyn Bridge, real public debate on the possibility of a Michigan bridge began in the early 1880s. In 1934 the Michigan Legislature created the Mackinac Straits Bridge Authority of Michigan to study the possibility of building a bridge over the straits. A floating tunnel as well as a bridge that connected many of the small islands in the straits were considered for a time. Due to lack of funds and two wars, construction of the bridge did not begin until May 7, 1954. The bridge opened to traffic on November 1, 1957.
The Mackinac Bridge is currently a toll bridge.
Every Labor Day the Mackinac Bridge Walk is held. Two of the lanes of the bridge are closed to traffic and open to walkers.
External link
See the Mackinac Bridge official website for extensive history, fares, current bridge conditions, photos and neat facts: http://www.mackinacbridge.org/
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Mackinac Bridge."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
BRIDGE | English | British Mid-Ocean Ridge programme | Geography |
| BRIM | English | Bridge router interface module | Computing, Post & Telecom |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: BridgeSynonyms: bridge circuit (n), bridge deck (n), bridgework (n), nosepiece (n), span (n), bridge over (v). (additional references) |
| Synonyms by domain: castled (transportation), castling (transportation). |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Amusement | Cards, card games; whist, rubber; round game; loo, cribbage, besique, euchre, drole, ecarte, picquet, allfours, quadrille, omber, reverse, Pope Joan, commit; boston, boaston; blackjack, twenty-one, vingtun; quinze, thirty-one, put, speculation, connections, brag, cassino, lottery, commerce, snip-snap-snoren, lift smoke, blind hookey, Polish bank, Earl of Coventry, Napoleon, patience, pairs; banker; blind poker, draw poker, straight poker, stud poker; bluff, bridge, bridge whist; lotto, monte, three-card monte, nap, penny-ante, poker, reversis, squeezers, old maid, fright, beggar-my-neighbor; baccarat. |
Compromise | Verb: compromise, commute, compound; take the mean; split the difference, meet one halfway, give and take; come to terms; (contract); submit to arbitration, abide by arbitration; patch up, bridge over, arrange; straighten out, adjust, differences, agree; make the best of, make a virtue of necessity; take the will for the deed. |
Connection | Verb: bridge over, span; connect; hang. |
Noun: vinculum, link; connective, connection; junction; bond of union, copula, hyphen, intermedium; bracket; bridge, stepping-stone, isthmus. | |
Facility | Leave a hole to creep out of, leave a loophole, leave the matter open; give the reins to, give full play, give full swing; make way for; open the door to, open the way, prepare the ground, smooth the ground, clear the ground, open the way, open the path, open the road; pave the way, bridge over; permit. |
Junction | Attach, fix, affix, saddle on, fasten, bind, secure, clinch, twist, make fast; Adjective: tie, pinion, string, strap, sew, lace, tat, tack, knit, button, buckle, hitch, lash, truss, bandage, braid, splice, swathe, gird, tether, moor, picket, harness, chain; fetter; (restrain); lock, latch, belay, brace, hook, grapple, leash, couple, accouple, link, yoke, bracket; marry; (wed); bridge over, span. |
Method | Bridge, footbridge, viaduct, pontoon, steppingstone, plank, gangway; drawbridge; pass, ford, ferry, tunnel; pipe. |
Pacification | Settle matters, arrange matters, accommodate matters, accommodate differences; set straight; make up a quarrel, tantas componere lites; come to an understanding, come to terms; bridge over, hush up; make it, make matters up; shake hands; mend one's fences. |
Sociality | Party, entertainment, reception, levee, at, home, conversazione, soiree, matin_e; evening party, morning party, afternoon party, bridge party, garden party, surprise party; kettle, kettle drum; partie carr_e, dish of tea, ridotto, rout; housewarming; ball, festival; smoker, smoker-party;sociable, stag party, hen party, tamasha; tea-party, tea-fight. (amusement); " the feast of reason and the flow of soul ". |
Unintelligibility | Pons asinorum, asses' bridge; high Dutch, Greek, Hebrew; jargon; (unmeaning). |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Do you think I could fly off this bridge, Forrest (Forrest Gump; writing credit: Eric Roth) Biuld a bridge out of her (Monty Python and the Holy Grail; writing credit: Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, and Michael Palin.) Well done Bridge, 4 hours of careful cooking and a feast of blue soup, omelette and marmalade (Bridget Jones's Diary; writing credit: Helen Fielding) We'll jump off that bridge when we come to it. (City Slickers; writing credit: Lowell Ganz; Babaloo Mandel) Therefore, I am the only person here who transcends the parent-teacher bridge. (Donnie Darko; writing credit: Richard Kelly) | |
Lyrics | Under the bridge downtown (Under The Bridge; performing artist: Red Hot Chili Peppers) Like a bridge over troubled water (Bridge Over Troubled Water; performing artist: Simon and Garfunkel) I'm standing on the bridge (I'm With You; performing artist: Avril Lavigne) A bridge to you again (Price of Love; performing artist: Bad English) And drop them into the muddy water off the Tallahatchie Bridge ("Ode to Billy Joe"; performing artist: Bobbie Gentry) | |
Clever | Red Tape Holds Up New Bridge (references; author: unknown) The best bridge between hope and despair is often a good night's sleep. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | The Bridge of Adam Rush (1974) 98.3 KHz: Bridge at Electrical Storm (1973) Rainbow Bridge (1972) The Bridge in the Jungle (1970) Bridge Work (1970) | |
Song Titles | 59th Street Bridge Song (performing artist: Harper's Bazarre) THE 59th STREET BRIDGE SONG (FEELIN' GROOVY) (performing artist: Harpers Bizarre ) Under The Bridge (performing artist: Red Hot Chili Peppers) Bridge Over Troubled Water (performing artist: Simon and Garfunkel) Bridge and Tunnel Girls (performing artist: Peter & Bottlecaps Stampfel) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books | |||
Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | View of Manhattan from top of World Trade Center. Air pollution. Foreground: Brooklyn Bridge. Credit: CDC. |  | Three ER-2 over Golden Gate Bridge. Credit: NASA. |
 | Southern half of Golden Gate Bridge. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Leveling over the Tennessee River Bridge Level party of William Gibson. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | A sunset frames the Sullivan Island Bridge near Charleston. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | A Portsmouth Harbor Bridge. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | Small ice floes in open water as seen from the bridge of the NATHANIEL B. PALMER. Ice is melting at time of this picture. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | The bridge at Depoe Bay - the entrance to "the world's smallest harbor". Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | Fishing off a bridge at Matlasha Pass. Credit: Fisheries. |  | Recreational fishermen have a view of the bridge and shrimp boats. Credit: Fisheries. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Isar Bridge" by Gatowlion Commentary: "Graffiti." | "Bridge" by Szincsák László Commentary: "Budapest ." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | Piano bridge chords. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
E. Herbert | He that cannot forgive others, breaks the bridge over which he must pass himself, for every man hath need to be forgiven. |
Jack Paar | Doing the show was like painting the George Washington Bridge. As soon as you finished one end, you started right in on the other. |
Oscar Levant | I once said cynically of a politician, "He'll doublecross that bridge when he comes to it." |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Germany renounces in favour of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers all rights and title over the territory comprised within the following limits: from the Baltic Sea southwards to the point where the principal channels of navigation of the Nogat and the Vistula (Weichsel) meet: the boundary of East Prussia as described in Article 28 of Part II (Boundaries of Germany) of the present Treaty; thence the principal channel of navigation of the Vistula downstream to a point about 6-1/2 kilometres north of the bridge of Dirschau; thence north-west to point 5-1/2 kilometres south-east of the church of Guttland: a line to be fixed on the ground, thence in a general westerly direction to the salient made by the boundary of the Kreis of Berent 8-1/2 kilometres north-east of Schoneck: a line to be fixed on the ground passing between Muhlbanz on the south and Rambeltsch on the north; thence the boundary of the Kreis of Berent westwards to the re-entrant which it forms 6 kilometres north-north-west Schoneck; thence to a point on the median line of Lonkener See: a line to be fixed on the ground passing north of Neu Fietz and Schatarpi and south of Barenhutte and Lonken; thence the median line of Lonkener See to its northernmost point; thence to the southern end of Pollenziner See: a line to be fixed on the ground; thence the median line of Pollenziner See to its northernmost point; thence in a north-easterly direction to a point about 1 kilometre south of Koliebken church, where the Danzig-Neustadt railway crosses a stream: a line to be fixed on the ground passing south-east of Kamehlen, Krissau, Fidlin, Sulmin (Richthof), Mattern, Schaferei, and to the north-west of Neuendorf, Marschau, Czapielken, Hoch- and Klein-Kelpin, Pulvermuhl, Renneberg, and the towns of Oliva and Zoppot; thence the course of the stream mentioned above to the Baltic Sea. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Through the Looking-Glass | Carroll, Lewis | I heard him then, for I had just Completed my design To keep the Menai bridge from rust By boiling it in wine |
Life, the Universe and Everything | Douglas Adams | I said, `I would like to say that it is a very great pleasure, honor and privilege for me to open this bridge, but I can't because my lying circuits are all out of commission |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | The angel of light and the angel of darkness are to wrestle on the bridge of the abyss |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | A squad of christian brothers was on its way back from the Bull and had begun to pass, two by two, across the bridge. |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | The nose, beaked and hard, stretched the skin so tightly that the bridge showed white |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | They also serve as a bridge between laboratory work and commercial development. (references) | |
For nosebleeds, have the child sit up. Don't let your child lie down. Pinch the bridge of the nose over the bone for 10 minutes. (references) | ||
In June 1993, a Louisiana bridge inspector who had not traveled to the Four Corners area developed HPS. An investigation was begun. (references) | ||
Business | Four Seasons will open a 157-room hotel in February 2001 near the Charles Bridge (the main tourist site in Prague). (references) | |
The offshore area, which is about 66 km. Long, begins from Memorial Bridge downstream to Km. 18 in the Gulf of Thailand. (references) | ||
The SSDP will then be a diverse route for current vessel traffic with a land bridge route, which is 1,035 km shorter than the existing Malacca sea route. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Paraguay | In September police injured 50 protesters while breaking up a demonstration on the Friendship Bridge in Ciudad del Este. (references) |
Israel and the occupied territories | Palestinians who wish to travel to Jordan must leave their Israeli identification documents with Israeli authorities at the Allenby Bridge. (references) | |
Niger | On February 21, at Kennedy Bridge in Niamey, police forcibly dispersed a group of students who were protesting scholarship arrears and education austerity measures. (references) | |
Economic History | Mauritius | First, it is developing as a commercial bridge between Asia and Africa. (references) |
Bulgaria | Just one bridge, at Ruse, spans the Danube between Bulgaria and Romania. (references) | |
Lithuania | This Power Bridge project that involves a Polish grid operator is still pending. (references) | |
Human Rights | Laos | In January an explosion at the Lao-Thai Friendship Bridge injured several bystanders. (references) |
Mali | In June in Bamako, a bus driver fell or jumped to his death from a bridge while being pursued by the police. (references) | |
Cote d'Ivoire | The Constitution specifically provided for the office of Grand Mediator, which is designed to bridge traditional and modern methods of dispute resolution. (references) | |
Political Economy | COLOMBIA | Others were simply designed to help bridge the increasing gap between the government's expenditures and revenues. (references) |
NETHERLANDS | These subsidies bridge the interest cost gap between Dutch export contracts and foreign contracts which have benefited from interest subsidies. (references) | |
DENMARK | The Oeresund bridge connecting Denmark and Sweden that opened in 2000 is expected to assist the Oeresund region to become a center and a gateway that will attract significant foreign investment in high-tech industries, including biotechnology, pharmaceutical research, and information technology. (references) | |
Trade | West Bank | No further documentation is required to transit the Allenby Bridge into Jordan and the Rafah Crossing into Egypt, but security checks are conducted. (references) |
Singapore | Utilizing remote-controlled Overhead Bridge Cranes, which enable containers to be stacked up to nine-high, Pasir Panjang Terminal exemplifies the new generation of ports. (references) | |
Costa Rica | Costa Rica is no longer eligible for PL-480 food aid, and it is hoped the GSM-102 program will enable Costa Rica to bridge over to purchases on normal commercial credit terms. (references) | |
Travel | Brazil | An excellent air bridge (or "ponte aérea") service facilitates travel among those cities. (references) |
Tunisia | TUNISIA IS AN OPEN SOCIETY THAT PRIDES ITSELF IN BEING A BRIDGE BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN AND ARAB WORLDS. (references) | |
West Bank | Prior visa application and bridge-crossing permits are required, however, to cross the Allenby Bridge. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Sylvia Browne | Oh, sure, you go through the tunnel, and children go through, strangely enough, will go across the bridge. It's marvelous what happens. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | One thousand days to build a bridge to a land of new promise. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Bridge" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 69.74% of the time. "Bridge" is used about 6,384 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 69.74% | 4,452 | 2,204 |
| Noun (proper) | 29.81% | 1,903 | 4,493 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 0.42% | 27 | 66,962 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.03% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 6,384 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "bridge" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Bridge | Last name | 2,000 | 5,285 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "bridge". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Bridger | Male | English | A bridge builder |
| Brigham | Male | English | A bridge settlement |
| Bristol | Male | English | Site of the bridge |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Japan | Japan Bridge Corporation | Netherlands | Chicago Bridge & Iron Company N.V. |
| United Kingdom | London Bridge Software Holdings Plc | USA | Bridge Bancorp, Inc |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "bridge": air bridge ♦ alum Bridge ♦ angostura Bridge ♦ aqueduct bridge ♦ Asses' Bridge ♦ Auction bridge ♦ bailey bridge ♦ balanced bridge interferometer switch ♦ balanced bridge interferometric switch ♦ bascule bridge ♦ bateau bridge ♦ baton Rouge Bridge ♦ Bayonne Bridge ♦ Benjamin Franklin Bridge ♦ boarding bridge ♦ boat bridge ♦ bosporus Bridge ♦ Bowstring bridge ♦ Breaux Bridge ♦ bridge a gap ♦ bridge and router ♦ bridge bashing ♦ bridge bond ♦ bridge builder ♦ bridge circuit ♦ bridge City ♦ bridge conductors ♦ bridge connection ♦ bridge deck ♦ bridge hand ♦ bridge laying tank ♦ Bridge of a steamer ♦ bridge of the nose ♦ bridge over ♦ bridge partner ♦ bridge player ♦ bridge railing ♦ bridge ramps ♦ bridge response to dynamic loading ♦ bridge roll ♦ bridge strike ♦ bridge tap ♦ bridge the gap ♦ bridge toll ♦ bridge tower ♦ bridge wall ♦ Bridge whist ♦ Brooklyn Bridge ♦ build a bridge ♦ burn one's bridge ♦ Cantalever bridge ♦ cantilever bridge ♦ capon Bridge ♦ captains bridge ♦ central Bridge ♦ chain bridge ♦ combined bridge and drop ♦ combined bridge and regulator ♦ Commodore John Barry Bridge ♦ contract bridge ♦ covered bridge ♦ cross the bridge ♦ Deck bridge ♦ Delaware Memorial Bridge ♦ dental bridge ♦ disulphide bridge ♦ Draw bridge ♦ dry gap bridge ♦ dynamic response of bridge ♦ exploding bridge wire ♦ Ferry bridge ♦ Fishing Bridge ♦ Flame bridge ♦ float bridge ♦ floating bridge ♦ Flue bridge ♦ fly bridge ♦ flying bridge ♦ fore and aft bridge,connecting bridge ♦ Furnace bridge ♦ gantry bridge ♦ Gauley Bridge ♦ George Washington Bridge ♦ Girder bridge ♦ go across the bridge ♦ golden gate bridge ♦ Golden's Bridge ♦ greater New Orleans Bridge ♦ hanging bridge ♦ Hemby Bridge ♦ High Bridge ♦ highway bridge ♦ Hoist bridge ♦ humber Bridge ♦ humpbacked bridge ♦ hydrogen bridge ♦ Irish bridge ♦ iron bridge ♦ Jenkins Bridge ♦ Kammon Strait Bridge ♦ Kelvin double bridge. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "bridge": bridge-and-golf, bridge-arch, bridge-builder, bridge-builders, bridge-building, bridge-corridor, bridge-corridors, bridge-cum-drop, bridge-cum-fall, bridge-cum-regulator, bridge-deck, bridge-fort, bridge-master, bridge-mounted, bridge-pin, bridge-pins, bridge-players, bridge-playing, bridge-posts, bridge-router, bridge-router-based, bridge-routers, bridge-routing, bridge-rubber, bridge-saddle, bridge-shaped, bridge-spouted, Bridge-ward, bridge-work. | |
Ending with "bridge": land-bridge, road-bridge, weigh-bridge. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
bridge | 6,435 | chesapeake bay bridge | 213 |
golden gate bridge | 2,206 | bridge of madison county | 213 |
brooklyn bridge | 1,981 | mackinac bridge | 209 |
angelica bridge | 1,248 | natural bridge cavern | 207 |
london bridge | 838 | bridge confederation | 199 |
covered bridge | 833 | dental bridge | 193 |
rainbow bridge | 737 | angelica bridge nude | 185 |
elisa bridge | 641 | george washington bridge | 181 |
bridge loan | 614 | ben bridge jeweler | 180 |
old bridge nj | 604 | bridge card game | 174 |
bridge game | 568 | bridge building | 174 |
hollywood bridge | 532 | chesapeake bay bridge tunnel | 164 |
bridge over troubled water | 469 | bridge builder | 162 |
the tappan zee bridge | 410 | under the bridge | 156 |
natural bridge | 331 | bridge picture | 152 |
bridge lyrics over troubled water | 321 | jeff bridge | 149 |
garden bridge | 299 | tacoma narrow bridge | 148 |
ben bridge | 278 | sydney harbour bridge | 138 |
bridge design | 277 | suspension bridge | 135 |
the bridge | 234 | natural bridge va | 134 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "bridge"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | brug. (various references) | |
Albanian | brixh, urë në dhëmbë, urë e syzeve, urë e anijes, urë (jumper), rrëzë e hundës, ngre urë. (various references) | |
Arabic | مشط العود, نسف جسوره, جسر النظارتين, جسر (dare, embankment, pier, viaduct), أقام جسر, شىء كشكل الجسر, بريدج لعبة ورق. (various references) | |
Asturian | ponte. (various references) | |
Aymara | chaca (hill). (various references) | |
Basque | zubi. (various references) | |
Bavarian | bruggn. (various references) | |
Bemba | ubulalo. (various references) | |
Blackfoot | apasstaan. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | носна кост, мостик, мост (steppingstone), заобикалям (beat, begird, beset, bypass, circumambulate, circumnavigate, circumvent, compass, double, elude, encircle, environ, evade, get round, gird, girdle, leapfrog, make a detour, pass round, round, short circuit, sidestep, skirt, stretch, surround, work round), бридж, построявам мост, попълвам (complete, fill in, fill up, make out, make up, replenish, supply). (various references) | |
Catalan | pont. (various references) | |
Cebuano | tulay. (various references) | |
Chamorro | tollai. (various references) | |
Chinese | 網橋 , 礄 , 橋接器 , 橋梁 , 橋 , 梁 (beam of roof), 桥梁 (Bridges). (various references) | |
Cornish | pons. (various references) | |
Czech | most. (various references) | |
Danish | bro (dome, floor, holding bar, jumper, navigating bridge, platform, pressure dome, selector, vertical, vertical bar). (various references) | |
Dutch | brug (arm, bay, bridge circuit, dome, pilothouse, pons, pressure dome, prong, strap, wheelhouse), commandobrug (navigating bridge). (various references) | |
Ecuadorian Quechua | chaca. (various references) | |
Esperanto | ponto, komandejo. (various references) | |
Faeroese | brúgv. (various references) | |
Farsi | پل ساختن , پل , سکویی درکشتی که کاپیتان دران ایستد, جسر, اتصال دادن , بازی ورق , برامدگی بینی . (various references) | |
Finnish | silta (platform). (various references) | |
French | pont, passerelle (bridging class, navigating bridge). (various references) | |
Frisian | brêge. (various references) | |
German | Brücke (bridgework, catwalk, crab, gangway, jumper, rug), eine brücke schlagen (to bridge), bridge, überbrücken (bridge over, get over, get through, reconcile, straddle, to bridge). (various references) | |
Greek | γέφυρα (deck, pons), γεφυρώνω (throw bridge across). (various references) | |
Hebrew | גשר. (various references) | |
Hungarian | híd (brig, overcast), bridzs. (various references) | |
Icelandic | brú. (various references) | |
Indonesian | bridge, menjembatani, mempertemukan, jembatan. (various references) | |
Inuktitut | ikaaqvik. (various references) | |
Irish | droichead. (various references) | |
Italian | ponte (deck, drawbridge), ponte di comando (navigating bridge), plancia (gangplank). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 橋, 桟橋 (jetty, pier, wharf). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ブリッジ , きょうりょう (narrow-mindedness, offering), さんきょう (gap, gorge, jetty, pier, ravine, Shinto and Buddhism and Confucianism, wharf), さんばし (jetty, pier, wharf), かんきょう (circumstance, environment, fun, inspiration, interest), はし (chopsticks, edge, end, margin, point, tip). (various references) | |
Korean | 교량 (Bridges). (various references) | |
Lombard | pont. (various references) | |
Macedonian | most. (various references) | |
Malagasy | tetezana. (various references) | |
Malay | jembatan. (various references) | |
Manx | droghad (arch, bridge of ship, gantry, viaduct), biritch. (various references) | |
Maori | piriti. (various references) | |
Mohawk | wahskohon. (various references) | |
Norwegian | bro. (various references) | |
Occitan | pont. (various references) | |
Papago | puinthi. (various references) | |
Papiamen | brùg. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | idgebray.(various references) | |
Polish | most. (various references) | |
Portuguese | ponte (brig, causeway). (various references) | |
Portuguese Brazilian | ponte. (various references) | |
Provencal | pont. (various references) | |
Romanian | pod (attic, garret, loft). (various references) | |
Romansch | punt. (various references) | |
Romany | proot. (various references) | |
Russian | мост (brg, bridges, bridgework, pons). (various references) | |
Samoan | ala laupapa. (various references) | |
Scottish | drochaid (a bridge). (various references) | |
Sepedi | moratho. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | bridž (auction bridge), premostiti (span), most, kobilica (centreboard, chine, keel). (various references) | |
Sicilian | ponti. (various references) | |
Spanish | puente (bridgework, deck-bridge). (various references) | |
Sranan | broki. (various references) | |
Swazi | lí-bhulóho. (various references) | |
Swedish | brygga (brew, brew (to drink), gantry, jetty, make, percolate, pier, wharf), bro, slå bro över. (various references) | |
Tagalog | tuláy. (various references) | |
Thai | ไพ่บริดจ์, สะพาน, ทอดสะพาน, ที่ยึดฟันปลอม, ตัวเชื่อม, หอบังคับการเรือ, ดั้งจมูก. (various references) | |
Turkish | köprü (backbend, bridgework). (various references) | |
Turkmen | kцpri. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | наводити міст, міст, перекривати (bestride, ceil, imbricate, lap over, oppilate, overlap, overlay, overspan, shut, span), перенісся (noseband), перемичка (barrier, brattice, bulkhead, lintel). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | cầu treo (suspension bridge), cầu phao (float-bridge, floating bridge, flying-bridge). (various references) | |
Welsh | pont (arch). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Sumerian | 3100 BCE-2500 BCE | ad. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | continuo, pons, pons pontis, ponti, ponticum, pontum, pontus. (various references) |
| Avestan | 200-600 | peretûm. (various references) |
| Old English | 450-1100 | bricg. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "bridge": bridgeable, bridged, bridgehead, bridgeheads, bridgeless, bridges, bridgework, bridgeworks. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "bridge": abridge, drawbridge, flybridge, footbridge. (additional references) | |
Words containing "bridge": abridged, abridgement, abridgements, abridger, abridgers, abridges, drawbridges, flybridges, footbridges, unabridged, unbridgeable, unbridged. (additional references) | |
| |
"Bridge" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Bidge, bildge, Birdge, Bradtec, Bredgar, Breugel, Briddge, Bridego, Bridei, Bridey, bridg, Bridgeen, bridget, Briege, briga, brige, briget, Brigge, Brigo, bringe, Brodigan, Bruidge, Bryddie, brynge, cridge, eridge, Erridge. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "bridge" (pronounced bri"j) |
| 4 | b r i" j | abridge. |
| 3 | -r i" j | fridge, ridge. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: begird. | |
| Words within the letters "b-d-e-g-i-r" | |
-1 letter: bider, bride, dirge, gibed, giber, gride, rebid, ridge. | |
-2 letters: berg, bide, bier, bird, bred, brie, brig, dire, dreg, drib, gibe, gied, gird, grid, ired, ride. | |
-3 letters: bed, beg, bid, big, deb, dib, die, dig, erg, ged, gib, gid, gie, ire, reb, red, reg, rei, rib, rid, rig. | |
-4 letters: be, bi, de, ed, er, id. | |
| Words containing the letters "b-d-e-g-i-r" | |
+1 letter: abridge, begirds, bridged, bridges, brigade. | |
+2 letters: abridged, abridger, abridges, bearding, begirded, begirdle, begrimed, beringed, bigarade, birdcage, breading, breeding, brigaded, brigades, gibbered, highbred. | |
+3 letters: abridgers, badgering, bargained, bedraping, bedspring, befringed, begirding, begirdled, begirdles, begrimmed, bigarades, birdcages, birdieing, bordering, breedings, brigadier, browridge, burdening, debarking, debarring, debriding, desorbing, dirigible, flybridge, gabardine, gaberdine, rebidding, rebinding, rebodying, redubbing, unbridged. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Historic 12. Quotations: Fiction | 13. Quotations: Non-fiction 14. Quotations: Spoken 15. Quotations: Speeches 16. Usage Frequency | 17. Names: Frequency 18. Names: Derived from 19. Names: Company Usage 20. Expressions | 21. Expressions: Internet 22. Translations: Modern 23. Translations: Ancient 24. Abbreviations | 25. Acronyms 26. Derivations 27. Rhymes 28. Anagrams | 29. Bibliography |
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