Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Below |
BelowAdverb1. In or to a place that is lower. 2. At a later place; "see below". 3. (in writing) see below; "vide infra". 4. On a floor below; "the tenants live downstairs". 5. Further down; "see under for further discussion". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "below" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Synonyms: BelowSynonyms: at a lower place (adv), beneath (adv), down the stairs (adv), downstairs (adv), infra (adv), on a lower floor (adv), to a lower place (adv), under (adv). (additional references) |
| Antonyms: above (adv), upstairs (adv). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Commonalty | Adverb: below the salt. |
Adjective: ignoble, common, mean, low, base, vile, sorry, scrubby, beggarly; below par; no great shakes; (unimportant); homely, homespun; vulgar, low-minded; snobbish. | |
Discount | Adverb: at a discount, below par; at wholesale; have a friend in the business. |
Hell | Tartarus, Hades, Avernus, Styx, Stygian creek, pit of Acheron, Cocytus; infernal regions, inferno, shades below, realms of Pluto. |
Imperfection | Adjective: imperfect; not perfect; deficient, defective; faulty, unsound, tainted; out of order, out of tune; cracked, leaky; sprung; warped; (distort); lame; injured; (deteriorated); peccant; (bad); frail; (weak); inadequate; (insufficient); crude; (unprepared); incomplete; found wanting; below par; short-handed; below its full strength, under its full strength, below its full complement. |
Inexpedience | Vile, base, villainous; mean; (paltry); injured; deteriorated; unsatisfactory, exceptionable indifferent; below par; (imperfect); illcontrived, ill-conditioned; wretched, sad, grievous, deplorable, lamentable; pitiful, pitiable, woeful; (painful). |
Inferiority | Adverb: less; under the mark, below the mark,below par; at the bottom of the scale, at a low ebb, at a disadvantage; short of, under. |
Lowness | Adverb: under; beneath, underneath; below; downwards; adown, at the foot of; under foot, under ground; down stairs, below stairs; at a low ebb; below par. |
Smallness | Adjective: small, little; diminutive; (small in size); minute; fine; inconsiderable, paltry; (unimportant); faint; (weak); slender, light, slight, scanty, scant, limited; meager; (insufficient); sparing; few; low, so-so, middling, tolerable, no great shakes; below par, under par, below the mark; at a low ebb; halfway; moderate, modest; tender, subtle. |
World | Phrase: die Weltgeschichte ist das Weltergesicht; "earth is but the frozen echo of the silent voice of God"; "green calm below, blue quietness above"; "hanging in a golden chain this pendant World"; "nothing in nature is unbeautiful"; "silently as a dream the fabric rose"; "some touch of nature's genial glow"; "this majestical roof fretted with golden fire"; "through knowledge we behold the World's creation". |
Adverb: in all creation, on the face of the globe, here below, under the sun. | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Below |
| English words defined with "below": To go below. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "below": below grade, Below the Belt ♦ waveguide below cut-off. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "below": Underpoise. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Right below the belt every time (Notorious; writing credit: Ben Hecht) Anything below the stereo and on this side of the bicentennial glasses (The Jerk; writing credit: Carl Reiner, written by Steve Martin and Carl Gottlieb.) Punching below the belt is not only all right, it's rewarded (Swimming With Sharks; writing credit: George Huang) If it drops below 50, it blows up. What do you do (Speed; writing credit: Graham Yost) It just popped-up to say hello and went back down below. (Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery; writing credit: Mike Myers) | |
Lyrics | And tossed it in the river below. (One Voice; performing artist: Billy Gilman) But I'm not below (An Innocent Man; performing artist: Billy Joel) Your hat strategically dipped below one eye (YOU'RE SO VAIN; performing artist: Carly Simon) To see my world below. (The World I Know; performing artist: Collective Soul) And there the world below don't bother me, no, no (Up On the Roof; performing artist: James Taylor) | |
Clever | Remember, half the people you know are below average. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Fires Down Below (1974) 28¡ Above Below (1973) Below the Belt (1971) Saskatchewan: 45 Below (1971) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Pictured is a family scene, with a mother reading a story to several children. She is seated in a rocking chair and they are surrounding her on the floor in a family room setting. These people are part of a Mormon family. The Mormons are presently being studied for their low cancer death rate, well below the national average. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |  | Mormons observing a parade. It is a bright sunny day in Salt Lake City. Pictured are crowds of people and also small groups of people. (note: this could be a picture of any people watching an outdoor event, such as a parade). The Mormons are being studied for their low cancer death rate-about 20% below the national average. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |
 | The siphon is adapted to penetrate the tissue of aquatic plants, from which air is obtained, thus enabling the larvae to remain below the water surface at all times. Credit: CDC. |  | This is a rare view of Saturn's rings seen just after the Sun has set below the ring plane. ... Credit: NASA. |
 | The Lambert Glacier in Antarctica is the world's largest glacier. The focal point of this image is an icefall that feeds into the glacier from the vast ice sheet covering the polar plateau. Ice flows like water, albeit much more slowly. Cracks can be seen in this icefall as it bends and twists on its slow-motion descent 1300 feet (400 meters) to the glacier below. Credit: NASA. |  | Survey tower with signal pole and tin cone At west end of Epping Base Line Survey monument shows below tower Stakes on graded surface were for aligning base measuring instruments. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Traverse work on Florida's West Coast Traverse crew off of HYDROGRAPHER Beginning of traverse segment from mark below Bilby Tower. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Mangrove root with soft coral (reddish) attached and seagrass below. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | "The Columbia River". A steamboat on The Rapids below the Cascade Locks. In: "Puget Sound and Western Washington Cities-Towns Scenery", by Robert A. Reid, Robert A. Reid Publisher, Seattle, 1912. P. 192. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Mangroves showing root system below the water surface. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
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| "Below the windchime" by Brendan Paxton Commentary: "This is my windchime- a shot from below- scanned in wrong so i tried to fix osme of the colour- hope its good..." | "RedSculpture" by Peter Gunn Commentary: "A sculpture from below Seattle Center - Seattle, Washington." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Alexander Pope | Know then this truth, enough for man to know virtue alone is happiness below. |
Byron | He who surpasses or subdues mankind, must look down on the hate of those below. |
Joseph Addison | Music, the greatest good that mortals know, And all of heaven we have below. |
Leszczynski Stanislaus | To be vain of one's rank or place is to show that one is below it. |
Lord Byron | Who surpasses or subdues mankind, must look down on the hate of those below. |
Philip Dormer Stanhope | Women, especially, are to be talked to, as below men, and above children. |
Sir Richard Steele | I cannot think of any character below the flatterer, except he who envies him. |
Virgil | Thus, thus, it is joy to pass to the world below. |
Young | Too low they build who build below the skies. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | If anyone has been dispossessed or removed by us, without the legal judgment of his peers, from his lands, castles, franchises, or from his right, we will immediately restore them to him; and if a dispute arise over this, then let it be decided by the five and twenty barons of whom mention is made below in the clause for securing the peace. (reference) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | The modern laborer, on the contrary, instead of rising with the progress of industry, sinks deeper and deeper below the conditions of existence of his own class. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The Delegate of Belgium shall have this right on all occasions other than those referred to below. (reference) |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | If you look around you, you must feel not only the sense of duty done but also you must feel anxiety lest you fall below the level of achievement. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
Brown v. Board of Education | 1954 | Here, unlike Sweatt v. Painter, there are findings below that the Negro and white schools involved have been equalized, or are being equalized, with respect to buildings, curricula, qualifications and salaries of teachers, and other "tangible" factors. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | She is not to pay for the offence of others, by being held below the level of those with whom she is brought up. |
Sylvie and Bruno | Carroll, Lewis | And it would be very interesting, coming into contact with the races below us. |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | The old man, on the other hand, had brought himself nearer to her level, or perhaps below it, by the revenge which he had stooped for. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | The descent was there so precipitous that the English artillery did not see the farm below them at the bottom of the valley, the centre of the combat |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | The sea had fallen below the line of seawrack on the shallow side of the breakwater and already the tide was running out fast along the foreshore |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | They moved over the curving top of the hill and saw the Joad place below them |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | I believe it was near a minute before any one knew what was become of me, for I thought it below me to cry out. |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | Their fidelity and sagacity are below par now. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Rehydration is discussed below. (references) | |
Dehydration is discussed below. (references) | ||
The study protocol is summarized below. (references) | ||
Business | The data are summarized below. (references) | |
Contact details are listed below. (references) | ||
Both phenomena are explained below. (references) | ||
Children | Mexico | The DIF estimates that 16,000 children below the age of 17 are victims of some form of sexual exploitation. (references) |
Bahrain | Public education for citizen children below the age of 15 is free; it is not available for the children of foreign workers. (references) | |
El Salvador | Using different criteria, the ISDEMU recorded 1,196 cases of abuse during the year, significantly below the 2000 level of 3,071 cases. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Zimbabwe | In 2000 a bomb exploded in an art gallery directly below the offices of The Daily News. (references) |
Poland | Refugees may receive the same subsidies given to citizens living below the poverty line, but no additional money is available to them. (references) | |
Russia | The congregation was forced to move to a dilapidated building without heat, where temperatures during the winter reached 15 degrees below zero centigrade. (references) | |
Economic History | Cote D'ivoire | They are reported as such below. (references) |
Japan | Major regional opportunities are described below. (references) | |
Vanuatu | Above this division is red, below is forest green. (references) | |
Human Rights | Benin | The prison in Natitingou (in Atacora province) was the only one of eight prisons nationwide below full capacity. (references) |
Indonesia | A quadripartite judiciary of general, religious, military, and administrative courts exists below the Supreme Court. (references) | |
Mozambique | A LDH report released in 1999 on the Beira Central Prison found that conditions remained significantly below international standards. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Dominica | Unemployment is believed to be higher than in rest of the country, while the average income is below the national average. (references) |
Indonesia | After the congress, he met with Presidium Council leaders and reemphasized the Government's firm stance against Papuan independence, but said it was permissible to fly Papuan independence flags as long as they were smaller and flown below the Indonesian flag. (references) | |
Malaysia | However, according to press reports, the head of an NGO working with Orang Asli said in May 2000 that school dropout rates among Orang Asli had increased markedly over previous years, and the percentage of Orang Asli living below the poverty line was increasing as well. (references) | |
Minorities | Greece | The research also concluded that the average life expectancy of Roma is below 60 years of age. (references) |
Burma | Economic development among minorities continues to lag, leaving many persons living below subsistence levels. (references) | |
Bhutan | Local officials took advantage of the climate of repression to coerce ethnic Nepalese to sell their land below its fair value and to emigrate. (references) | |
Political Economy | Kyrgyz Republic | Sixty percent of the population live below the poverty level. (references) |
ISRAEL | The inflation rate in 2001 is expected to fall at or below three percent. (references) | |
POLAND | The target for 2002 is five percent and that for 2003 is below four percent. (references) | |
Political Rights | Togo | Turnout was below the levels reflected in official results for most of these locations. (references) |
Antigua and Barbuda | Since 40 percent of the population were estimated to be below voting age, the voting rolls appeared to be inflated. (references) | |
Belarus | Voter turnout in many constituencies fell below the required 50 percent threshold, but electoral authorities falsified and amended voter lists to raise turnout to the required minimum. (references) | |
Trade | Argentina | A summary is given below. (references) |
Argentina | See program information below. (references) | |
Argentina | Below, some of the main ones are given. (references) | |
Travel | Indonesia | Holiday dates through 2002 are listed below. (references) |
Switzerland | Swiss national holidays in 2001 and 2002 are listed below. (references) | |
Ghana | Anything below this is subject to tax at progressive rates. (references) | |
Women | Bulgaria | Female-headed households frequently live below the poverty line. (references) |
India | It was found in Assam that 30 percent of rape cases involved girls below 18 years of age. (references) | |
Guatemala | In May MINUGUA reported that the percentage of female heads of household increased from below 17 to more than 20 percent. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Argentina | In 1999 in the greater Buenos Aires area, 12,500 children age 14 and below were in the work force. (references) |
Nicaragua | The ILO has criticized various provisions in the Labor Code that remain below international standards. (references) | |
Canada | A family whose only employed member earns the minimum wage would be considered below the poverty line. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | SOUL, n. A spiritual entity concerning which there hath been brave disputation. Plato held that those souls which in a previous state of existence (antedating Athens) had obtained the clearest glimpses of eternal truth entered into the bodies of persons who became philosophers. Plato himself was a philosopher. The souls that had least contemplated divine truth animated the bodies of usurpers and despots. Dionysius I, who had threatened to decapitate the broad- browed philosopher, was a usurper and a despot. Plato, doubtless, was not the first to construct a system of philosophy that could be quoted against his enemies; certainly he was not the last. "Concerning the nature of the soul," saith the renowned author of Diversiones Sanctorum, "there hath been hardly more argument than that of its place in the body. Mine own belief is that the soul hath her seat in the abdomen -- in which faith we may discern and interpret a truth hitherto unintelligible, namely that the glutton is of all men most devout. He is said in the Scripture to 'make a god of his belly' -- why, then, should he not be pious, having ever his Deity with him to freshen his faith? Who so well as he can know the might and majesty that he shrines? Truly and soberly, the soul and the stomach are one Divine Entity; and such was the belief of Promasius, who nevertheless erred in denying it immortality. He had observed that its visible and material substance failed and decayed with the rest of the body after death, but of its immaterial essence he knew nothing. This is what we call the Appetite, and it survives the wreck and reek of mortality, to be rewarded or punished in another world, according to what it hath demanded in the flesh. The Appetite whose coarse clamoring was for the unwholesome viands of the general market and the public refectory shall be cast into eternal famine, whilst that which firmly through civilly insisted on ortolans, caviare, terrapin, anchovies, pates de foie gras and all such Christian comestibles shall flesh its spiritual tooth in the souls of them forever and ever, and wreak its divine thirst upon the immortal parts of the rarest and richest wines ever quaffed here below. Such is my religious faith, though I grieve to confess that neither His Holiness the Pope nor His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury (whom I equally and profoundly revere) will assent to its dissemination." |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Paul Burrell | It's unusual place. It's a world by itself. It has its own rules and regulations and upstairs-downstairs relations. Life below stairs is just as complicated as life above. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | The compositions published under her name are below the dignity of criticism. |
James Monroe | 1817-1825 | Their manufactures, for the want of a ready or profitable market at home, have been shipped by the manufacturers to the United States, and in many instances sold at a price below their current value at the place of manufacture. |
John Quincy Adams | 1825-1829 | On the survey of the Swash, in Pamlico Sound, and that of Cape Fear, below the town of Wilmington, in North Carolina. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | But for this purpose it is presumed that a tariff of high duties, designed for perpetual protection, which they maintain has the effect to reduce the price by domestic competition below that of the foreign article. |
Benjamin Harrison | 1889-1893 | This is better than to reduce our income below our necessary expenditures, with the resulting choice between another change of our revenue laws and an increase of the public debt. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | A very proper requirement, in my opinion, would be that subsidies be removed as soon as it is indicated that the cost of living will decline below the present levels. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | We know the turbulence that lies below, and the storms that are beyond the horizon this year. |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | In an era where the strategic nuclear forces are in rough equilibrium, the risks of conflict below the nuclear threshold may grow more perilous. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Below" is generally used as an adverb (general) -- approximately 59.90% of the time. "Below" is used about 14,320 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adverb (general) | 59.9% | 8,578 | 1,125 |
| Preposition (except "of") | 40.1% | 5,742 | 1,708 |
| Total | 100.00% | 14,320 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "below" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Below | Last name | 400 | 23,218 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
Expressions using "below": 15 degrees below zero ♦ ad below the salt ♦ appearing below ♦ as stated below ♦ be below par ♦ be below smb. ♦ be below standard ♦ below atmospheric pressure ♦ below average ♦ below clouds ♦ below cost ♦ below freezing point ♦ below grade ♦ below ground ♦ below its full complement ♦ below its full strength ♦ below par ♦ below sea level ♦ below smb. ♦ below stairs ♦ below standard ♦ below strength ♦ below the average ♦ below the bed ♦ below the belt ♦ below the line ♦ below the mark ♦ below the salt ♦ below zero ♦ blow below the belt ♦ degree below zero ♦ down below ♦ fall below ♦ fall below par ♦ feel below par ♦ from below ♦ go below ♦ here below ♦ hit below the belt ♦ i feel below par ♦ it would be below me ♦ it would be below my dignity to speak to him ♦ rank below ♦ shades below ♦ speak below one's breath ♦ stated below ♦ To go below. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "below": below-average, below-branch, below-conscious, below-cost, below-decks, below-ground, below-inflation, below-investment-grade, below-line, below-market, below-optimum, below-par, below-shoulder, below-shoulder-length, below-specification, below-stage, below-stairs, below-standard, below-strength, below-surface, below-the-belt, below-the-bonnet, below-the-collarbone, below-the-knee, below-the-line, below-the-market, below-the-poverty-line, below-zero. | |
Containing "below": Household-below-stairs. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "below"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | onderaan (downstairs, underneath), onder (beneath, under, underneath). (various references) | |
Albanian | poshtë (beneath, down, downstairs, infra, low, under, underneath), përtej (above, across, athwart, beyond, over, past, trans, up), nën zero, nën nivelin e, nën (beneath, infra, under, underneath), matanë (across, athwart, beyond, in the opposite direction, on the other side of, over, past, trans), më poshtë (hereinafter). (various references) | |
Arabic | دون (before, without), في الجحيم, في الدور الأسفل من, في أدنى, مما لا يليق ب, تحت (beneath, down, under, underneath), على (across, at, causal, exalt, in, lift, onto, to, upon, vocalic), أقل من, أدنى (bottom, down, least, minimal, minimum, under), دون (beneath, inferior, mark, mark down, nick, notch, note, put down, record, set down, stick down, take down, take notes, tally, transcribe, under, write, write down, write out). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | отдолу (beneath, from below, sub-, under, underfoot, underneath), надолу (down, downwards, under), по-долу (beneath, hereinafter, infra, thereinafter, thereunder, under, underneath), под (beneath, floor, ground, in, infra, on, to, under, underneath), долу (at the bottom, beneath, down, downstairs, infra, under, underneath). (various references) | |
Catalan | a baix (downstairs, underneath). (various references) | |
Chinese | 下面 (next, the following, under). (various references) | |
Czech | pod nulou, pod (beneath, under, underneath), níže (hereafter, hereinafter, under), dole (down, downstairs, under, underneath). (various references) | |
Danish | under (beneath, under, underneath), derunder (downstairs, underneath). (various references) | |
Dutch | onder (among, beneath, between, downstairs, during, for, under, underneath, whereas, while, whilst), daarbeneden (downstairs, underneath), beneden (beneath, downstairs, under, underneath). (various references) | |
Esperanto | sube (underneath), sub (beneath, under, underneath), malsupre de (beneath, under), malsupre (downstairs, underneath). (various references) | |
Faeroese | undir (beneath, under, underneath), niðri (downstairs, underneath). (various references) | |
Farsi | پاءین (Beneath, Bottom, Low, Nether, Underneath), مادون (Sub, Subject, Subordinate), درزیر (Beneath, Nether, Under, Underneath). (various references) | |
Finnish | alla (beneath, under, underneath). (various references) | |
French | sous (beneath), en bas, dessous (beneath), au-dessous (beneath). (various references) | |
Frisian | ûnder (beneath, under, underneath). (various references) | |
German | unterhalb (beneath, downstream, downstream from, neath, under, underneath), unter (among, amongst, beneath, between, down below, down under, hypo, Neath, nether, sub, under, underneath), unten (at the bottom of, bellow, beneath, down, down below, down here, down south, down there, downrightrechts, downstairs, downstream, lowly, under, underfoot, underneath). (various references) | |
Greek | από κάτω (beneath, under, underneath). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מתחת ל- (beneath, under, underneath), מטה (bed, beneath, bier, couch, down, downward, litter, sleeper, under, underneath), למטה מן (beneath), למטה (beneath, down, down ward, downhill, henceforth, under), להלן (afterwards, as follows, following, there), לרע (further), תתאה (under), תחת (arse, beneath, bottom, butt, buttock, rump, under). (various references) | |
Hungarian | lent (down, underfoot), alul (beneath, bottom, downstairs, under, underfoot, underneath), alant (above, on top, overhead, underneath, upstairs), vmi alatt, lejjebb (hereinafter), le (down, off, to be in a large way of business), alulra, alá (beneath, infra, to torment, under, underneath). (various references) | |
Indonesian | bawah (under), dibawah (beneath, under). (various references) | |
Irish | thíos (down, downstairs, underneath), taobh thíos de (beneath, under, underneath), laistíos (downstairs, underneath), faoi bhun (beneath, under, underneath), faoi (about, about it, against, beneath, in exchange for, opposed to, opposite, under, underneath, upon). (various references) | |
Italian | sotto (among, behind, beneath, bottom, down, downstairs, lower, under, underneath), giú (underneath), dabbasso (underneath). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 眼下 (under one's eyes), 次 (next, order, sequence, stage, stage station, subsequent, times), 以下 (less than, up to), 以下 (and downward, less than, not exceeding, the following, the rest, under, up to), 下方に , 下 (beneath, under), 下に (down, downward), 下 (beneath, under). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | がんか (complete course, criminal record, eye socket, good results, ophthalmology, previous conviction, previous offense, the whole family, the whole house, under one's eyes), した (beneath, tongue, under), しもに (down, downward), かほうに, いか (and downward, catabolic, catabolism, clothes rack, cuttlefish, dissimilation, doctor, less than, medical department, medical science, not exceeding, squid, the following, the rest, under, up to), じ (be affectionate to, character, child, emperor's seal, hand-writing, hemorrhoids, love, next, order, piles, pity, sequence, times), し (arbitrariness, calling card, city, civil service, death, decease, document, extravagance, four, luxury, magazine, master, next, official, offspring, one's mentor, order, poem, pride, recollect, records, relish, remember, selfishness, sequence, show a liking for, teacher, the Reverend, times, verse of poetry). (various references) | |
Korean | 의 밑에 (under). (various references) | |
Manx | fo (assistant, dependent, junior, off, off of street, subsidiary, sunken; secondary, under, underlying). (various references) | |
Norwegian | under (beneath, under, underneath), ned (down, downstairs, underneath). (various references) | |
Papiamen | bou di (beneath, under, underneath), den (a, beneath, in, inside, into, on, per, under, underneath, within), abou di (beneath, under, underneath), abou (down, downstairs, low, underneath). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | elowbay.(various references) | |
Polish | pod spodem (underneath), pod (beneath, under, underneath), na spodzie (underneath). (various references) | |
Portuguese | abaixo (beneath, down, downhill, downstairs, downwards, thereunder, underneath), sob (beneath, under, underneath). (various references) | |
Romanian | sub (at, beneath, in, under, underneath). (various references) | |
Russian | внизу (adown, at the bottom, at the bottom of, downstairs, under, underneath). (various references) | |
Scottish | fo (at the foot of, beneath, under, underneath). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | pod (beneath, floor, ground, on, sub, under, underneath), niže (beneath, infra, lower), ispod (beneath, down below, infra, sub, under, underneath), dole (down, downstairs, off, under, underneath). (various references) | |
Spanish | abajo (alow, beneath, down, downstairs, under, underneath), debajo de (beneath, under, underneath), debajo (beneath, under, underneath), bajo (bank, base, bass, bass voice, basso, beneath, bottom, deep, depth, despicable, down, humble, low, low down, low lying, lower, menial, short, small, subdued, under, underneath, would be). (various references) | |
Sranan | ondro (beneath, hundred, one hundred, under, underneath). (various references) | |
Swahili | chini ya (beneath, under, underneath), chini (downstairs, underneath). (various references) | |
Swedish | under (beneath, during, for, in, into, marvel, miracle, over, under, underneath, unto, wonder), nedanför (beneath, downwards, under, underneath), nedan (downstairs, infra, under, underneath). (various references) | |
Tagalog | sa ilálim (beneath, under, underneath), sa ibabà (downstairs, underneath). (various references) | |
Thai | ทำบางสิ่งไม่ยุติธรรมต่อคนอื่น (คำไม่เป็นทางการ) (hit (someone) below the belt). (various references) | |
Turkish | yeryüzünde, düşük rütbede, cehennemde, altta (beneath, under), altında (below smb., beneath, down, down below, Neath, sub, under, underneath), alt katta (below stairs, downstairs), aşağıda (down, down there, downstairs, hereinafter, infra, under), aşağı (down, hedge, hypo-, inferior, infra, infra-, lower, lowly, minus, on the right side of, sub-). (various references) | |
Turkmen | ast (bottom), aюak. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | унизу (alow, beneath, down, downstairs, under, underneath), униз (alow, down, down grade, downhill, downstairs, downward, downwards, netherward, under), нижче (beneath, hereafter, nethermore, underneath), під (bakestone, on, under, underneath), далі (along, come on, farther, forward, forwards, further, nextly, on, onward, onwards, then, under). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | ở phía dưới (subjacent), ở dưới thấp (beneath), ở dưới (beneath, subjacent), ở bên dưới. (various references) | |
Welsh | tanodd (beneath), oddi tanodd, obry (beneath), isod (beneath), islaw (beneath), is (beneath, inferior, lower, sub-, under, under-, vice-), goris (beneath, under), dan (beneath, under). (various references) | |
Zulu | phansi kwa- (beneath, under, underneath), phansi (downstairs, underneath). (various ref |
