Battle Of Marston Moor

Prince Rupert decided to relieve York and marched north. Cavalry reported Rupert's approach to the Allied commanders,who marched south to intercept Rupert. But Rupert evaded them, relieved York, and on 2 July found a small cavalry detachment under Sir Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell at Marston Moor. Fairfax recalled his superiors. Rupert called the Marquis of Newcastle out of York for the upcoming battle.

Royalist forces occupied the moor, also with the infantry in the centre and cavalry under Goring and Byron on the flanks. Rupert commanded the reserve cavalry in the rear.

At about 6 pm, Leven ordered an advance, and Cromwell succeeded in routing the Royalist cavalry under Byron, assisted by Leslie when Rupert came in to support Byron. On the other flank, Goring routed Fairfax, and most of Goring's horse pursued them. The rest of Goring's horse assaulted the Parliament infantry, till Cromwell arrived to chase them off and assisted Manchester to take on the royalist infantry. The royalist whitecoats of Newcastle's army refused to surrender and were killed.

With the major Royalist force destroyed, York fell on July 16, and the Royalists lost control of most of Northern England.