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Definition: Base |
BaseAdjective1. Serving as or forming a base; "the painter applied a base coat followed by two finishing coats". 2. (used of metals) consisting of or alloyed with inferior metal; "base coins of aluminum"; "a base metal". 3. Of low birth or station (`base' is archaic in this sense); "baseborn wretches with dirty faces"; "of humble (or lowly) birth". 4. Not adhering to ethical or moral principles; "base and unpatriotic motives"; "a base, degrading way of life"; "cheating is dishonorable"; "they considered colonialism immoral"; "unethical practices in handling public funds". 5. Having or showing an ignoble lack of honor or morality; "that liberal obedience without which your army would be a base rabble"- Edmund Burke; "taking a mean advantage"; "chok'd with ambition of the meaner sort"- Shakespeare; "something essentially vulgar and meanspirited in politics". 6. (archaic) illegitimate. 7. Debased; not genuine; "an attempt to eliminate the base coinage". Noun1. Any of various water-soluble compounds capable of turning litmus blue and reacting with an acid to form a salt and water; "bases include oxides and hydroxides of metals and ammonia". 2. Installation from which a military force initiates operations; "the attack wiped out our forward bases". 3. Lowest support of a structure; "it was built on a base of solid rock"; "he stood at the foot of the tower". 4. Place that runner must touch before scoring; "he scrambled to get back to the bag". 5. (in a digital numeration system) the positive integer that is equivalent to one in the next higher counting place; "10 is the radix of the decimal system". 6. The bottom or lowest part; "the base of the mountain". 7. (anatomy) the part of an organ nearest its point of attachment: "the base of the skull". 8. A lower limit: "the government established a wage floor". 9. The fundamental assumptions underlying an explanation; "the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture". 10. : a support or foundation; "the base of the lamp". 11. : the bottom side of a geometric figure from which the altitude can be constructed; "the base of the triangle". 12. : the place where you are stationed and from which missions start and end. 13. : (linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed; "thematic vowels are part of the stem". 14. : the stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or area; "the industrial base of Japan". 15. : the principal ingredient of a mixture; "glycerinated gelatin is used as a base for many ointments"; "he told the painter that he wanted a yellow base with just a hint of green"; "everything she cooked seemed to have rice as the base". 16. : a flat bottom on which something is intended to sit; "a tub should sit on its own base". 17. : (electronics) the part of a transistor that separates the emitter from the collector. Verb1. Use as a basis for; found on; "base a claim on some observation". 2. Use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes. 3. Assign to a station. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "base" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Etymology: Base \Base\ (b[=a]s), adjective. [Old English bass, French bas, low, from Late Latin bassus thick, fat, short, humble; compare to Latin Bassus, a proper name, and Welsh bas shallow. Compare to Bassa part in music.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Base |
Aerospace | A quantity, the powers of which are assigned as the unit value of columns in a numeric system; for example, two is the base in binary notation, and ten in decimal notation. Also called radix . See logarithm, binary notation. (references) |
Building & Civil Engineering | A continuous slab of concrete, generally reinforced, laid over the ground as a foundation for a structure. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A course directly supporting the surfacing. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Chemistry | A compound which yields hydroxyl ions in aqueous solution; and which reacts with an acid to form water and a salt. Source: European Union. (references) |
Electrical Engineering | The object upon which the metal is electro-plated. Source: European Union. (references) |
| That part of a lamp which holds it in a lampholder and usually provides connection to the electric supply. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| In a vacuum tube, the insulated portion through which the electrodes are connected to the pins. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| In a bipolar transistor, the intermediate region between the emitter and collector, which usually serves as the input or controlling element of the transistor's operation. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| That part of the envelope of an electronic tube which carries the majority of pins and contacts used to connect the electrodes to the external circuit. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Environment | That part of a vibration machine to or upon which the subject of a vibration test or experiment is attached or placed. Source: European Union. (references) |
Food & Agriculture | In a plough, the group of the parts associated with cutting, lifting and turning the furrow slice. Source: European Union. (references) |
Health | In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. (references) |
Hydrologic | A substance that has a pH of more than 7, which is neutral. A base has less free hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxyl ions (OH-). (references) |
Industry | The key that is used in the distribution of the interlacings when plotting a satin weave on design paper. By means of the counter the correct warp end and filling pick interlacing is determine d. Source: European Union. (references) |
| The running surface of the ski; a protective layer of lacquer or plastic covering the running surface of the ski and designated to make the ski slide easier. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Language | That part of a word which is left after all inflexional and derivational affixes have been removed. Source: European Union. (references) |
Literature | Base The basis, or that on which an animal walks (Greek, baino, to go, and basis, a footstep). The foot is the foundation- hence, base of a pillar, etc. It is also the lowest part, and hence the notion of worthless. Bass in music (Italian, basso) is the lowest part, or the part for the lowest compass of voice. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Mechanical Engineering | A metal plate used as foundation for a machine. Source: European Union. (references) |
| Assembly of which the principal components are: (1) the bottom longitudinal members, (2) the two bottom end members (3) the floor, and (4) possibily, the cross members. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Mining | A. As used by drillers, a line of stakes set by an engineer or drill foreman to be used as a guide to line up and point the drill in a specific compass direction. A line in a survey which, being accurately determined in length and position, serves as the origin for computing the distances and relative positions of remote points and objects by triangulation. See also:base line b. A compound, e.g., lime, ammonia, or caustic alkali, or an alkaloid, capable of reacting with an acid to form a salt either with or without elimination of water. c. Foundation or supporting structure on which a drill is mounted e.g., lime, ammonia, or caustic alkali, or an alkaloid, capable of reacting with an acid to form a salt either with or without elimination of water. c. Foundation or supporting structure on which a drill is mounted. (references) |
Science | A substance that forms a salt when it reacts with acid. A base is a substance that removes hydrogen ions (protons) from an acid and combines with them in a chemical reaction. (references) |
Transportation | The flat part of the rail, which rests on crossties, is the --. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A base is:
- A number that is raised to a power, or base of an exponential function. This finds common use, for example, in the depiction of numbers, for instance, 10 is the base used in the decimal system, whereas 2 is the base in the binary system. See also numeral system and radix
- The base of a logarithmic function.
- One of the parallel sides of a trapezoid or the unequal side of an isosceles triangle.
- Another mathematical meaning is described in the topology glossary.
- Base of a transform in mathematics
- In biochemistry, see nitrogenous base.
- In baseball, a base is one of 4 bags placed at corners of the infield diamond that a player has to run to after hitting the ball.
- In a transistor the base is the controlling connection to the junction.
- BASE jumping is a popular variation on skydiving.
- The name of the terrorist group Al-Qaida translates as "the base."
- In 2001, the catchphrase "All your base are belong to us" swept across the Internet.
- In chemistry, a base is the reactive complement to an acid. (Sometimes the term alkali has been used historically where base is now preferred.) See Acid-base reaction theories. Technically, a substance capable of neutralizing acid, with a pH greater than 7.0. See Table of bases
- Base is also an isolated settlement in inhospitable conditions that must rely on outide help in order to survive, such as military base, Anctarctica base, Moon base.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Base."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In chemistry, a base is a compound that is the opposite of an acid in the sense that it will neutralize an acid. Common bases include compoundss such as some metal oxides and hydroxides, and ammonia.
An acid "donates" H+ ions to the solution, while a base "accepts" H+ ions _or_ donates OH- ions. Both of those actions will decrease the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration, and thus increase pH (-log[H+])
Soluble bases (alkalis) produce hydroxyl ion (OH-) in aqueous solution and have a pH above 7.
Example:
The amino group (NH2) acts as a base by accepting a H+ ions from the solution. It does this by forming a coordiate covalent bond with the unshared pair of electrons belonging to the nitrogen atom. This decreases the hydrogen ion concentration.
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) decomposes into Na+ and OH-, lowering the hydrogen ion concentration because the hydroxide ion will accept hydrogen ions to form water.
See also: acid-base reaction theories. alkaline foods
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Base (chemistry)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A numeral is a symbol or group of symbols that represents a number. Numerals differ from numbers just as words differ from the things they refer to. The symbols "11", "eleven" and "XI" are different numerals, all representing the same number. This article treats the various systems of numerals.
A numeral system (or system of numeration) is a framework where a set of numbers are represented by numerals in a consistent manner. It can be seen as the context that allows the numeral "11" to be interpreted as the roman numeral for two, the binary numeral for three or the decimal numeral for eleven.
Ideally, a numeration system will represent a useful set of numbers (e.g. all whole numbers, integers, or real numbers), will give every number represented a unique representation (or at least a standard representation) and will reflect the algebraic and arithmetic structure of the numbers. For example, the usual decimal representation of whole numbers gives every whole number a unique representation as a finite sequence of digits, with the operations of arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) being present as the standard algorithms of arithmetic.
Numeral systems are sometimes called number systems, but that name is misleading: different systems of numbers, such as the system of real numbers, the system of complex numbers, the system of p-adic numbers, etc., are not the topic of this article.
Types of numeral systems
The simplest numeral system is the unary numeral system, in which every natural number is represented by a corresponding number of symbols. If the symbol "|" is chosen, for example, then the number seven would be represented by |||||||. The unary system is normally only useful for small numbers; it has some uses in theoretical computer science.
The unary notation can be abbreviated by introducing different symbols for certain new values. Very commonly, these values are powers of 10; so for instance, if | stands for one, @ for ten and # for 100, then the number 304 can be compactly represented as ### |||| and number 123 as #@@||| . The ancient Egyptian system is of this type, and the Roman system is a modification of this idea.
More useful still are systems which employ special abbreviations for repetitions of symbols; using our ordinary digits for these abbreviations, we could then write 3# 4| for the number 304. The numeral system of English is of this type ("three hundred four"), as are those of virtually all other languages: Chinese, Japanese, and Greek.
More elegant is a positional system: again working in base 10, we use ten different digits 0,...,9 and use the position of a digit to signify the power of ten that the digit is to be multiplied with, as in 304 = 3*100 + 0*10 + 4. Note that zero, which is not needed in the other systems, is of crucial importance here, in order to be able to "skip" a power. The Arabic numeral system is a positional base 10 system; it is used today throughout the world.
Arithmetic is much easier in positional systems than in the earlier additive ones; furthermore, additive systems have a need for a potentially infinite number of different symbols for the different powers of 10; positional systems need only 10 different symbols (assuming that it uses base 10).
History
Tallies carved from wood and stone have been used since prehistoric times. Stone age cultures, including the American Indians, used tallies for gambling with horses, slaves, personal services and trade-goods.
The earliest known written tallies appear in the ruins of the Sumerian empire, using clay tablets impressed with a sharp stick and baked. The Sumerians had quite an exotic system based on counts to 60, used in astronomical and other calculations. This system was imported to and used by every Mediterranean nation that used astronomy, including the Greeks, Romans and Egyptians. We still use it to count time (minutes per hour), and angle (degrees).
In China, armies and provisions were counted using modular tallies of prime numbers. Unique numbers of troops and measures of rice appear as unique combinations of these tallies. A great convenience of modular arithmetic is that it is easy to multiply, though quite difficult to add. This makes use of modular arithmetic for provisions especially attractive. Conventional tallies are quite difficult to multiply and divide. In modern times modular arithmetic is sometimes used in Digital signal processing.
The Roman empire used tallies written on wax, papyrus and stone, and roughly followed the Greek custom of assigning letters to various numbers. The Roman system remained in common use in Europe until positional notation came into common use in the 1500s.
The Incan Empire ran a large command economy using quipu, tallies made by knotting colored fibers. Knowledge of the encodings of the knots and colors was suppressed by the Spanish conquistadors in the 16th century, and has not survived although simple quipu-like recording devices are still used in the Andean region.
Some authorities believe that positional arithmetic began with the wide use of the abacus in China. The earliest written positional record seem to be tallies of abacus results in China around 400. In particular, zero was correctly described by Chinese mathematicians around 932, and seems to have originated as a circle of a place empty of beads.
From China, both the abacus and written tallies may have moved to India, perhaps via Chinese traders and businesses. In India, recognizably modern positional numeral systems, used for astronomy and accounting, appeared in the Mogul empire.
From India, the thriving trade between Islamic Moguls and Africa carried the concept to Cairo. Arabic mathematicians extended the system to decimal fractions, and al-Khwarizmi wrote an important work about it in the 9th century. The system was introduced to Europe with the translation of this work in the 12th century in Spain and Leonardo of Pisas Liber Abaci of 1201.
The binary system (base 2), propagated in the 17th century by Gottfried Leibniz who had heard about it from China, came in common use in the 20th century because of computer applications.
Bases used
The base-10 system, the one most commonly used by humans today, originated because we have ten fingers, thus allowing for simple counting. A base-eight system was devised by (at least) the Yuki Pomo of Northern California, who used the spaces between the fingers to count. The Maya civilization and other civilizations of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica used base 20, (possibly originating from the number of a person's fingers and toes). Base 60 was used by the Sumerians and survives today in our system of time (hence the division of an hour into 60 minutes and a minute into 60 seconds). Base-12 systems were popular because multiplication is easier in them than in base-10, (addition just as easy) and because the year has twelve months; we still have a special word for "dozen" and use 12 hours for every night and day.
Electronic components (first vacuum tubes, then transistors) may have only 2 possible states: concat(1) and closed (0). Because this is exactly the set of binary digits, and because arithmetics in a binary system are the easiest to describe electronically (using Boolean algebra), the binary system became natural for electronic computers. It is used to perform integer arithmetic in almost all electronic computers (the only exception being the exotic base-3 and base-10 designs that were discarded very early in the history of computing hardware). Note however that a computer does not treat all of its data as integers. Thus, some of it may be treated as texts and program data. Real numbers (numbers that can be not whole) are usually written down in the floating point notation, that has different rules of arithmetic.
Positional systems in detail
In a positional base-b numeral system (with b a positive natural number known as the radix), b basic symbols (or digits) corresponding to the first b natural numbers including zero are used. To generate the rest of the numerals, the position of the symbol in the figure is used. The symbol in the last position has its own value, and as it moves to the left its value is multiplied by b.
For example, in the decimal system (base 10), the numeral 4327 means (4×103) + (3×102) + (2×101) + (7×100), noting that 100 = 1.
In general, if b is the base, we write a number in the numeral system of base b by expressing it in the form a1bk + a2bk-1 + a3bk-2 + ... + ak+1b0 and writing the digits a1a2a3 ... ak+1 in order. The digits are natural numbers between 0 and b-1, inclusive.
If a text (such as this one) discusses multiple bases, and if ambiguity exists, the base is added in subscript to the right of the number, like this: numberbase. Numbers without subscript are considered to be decimal.
By using a dot to divide the digits into two groups, one can also write fractions in the positional system. For example, the base-2 numeral 10.11 denotes 1×21+ 0×20 +1×2-1 +1×2-2 = 2.75.
Note that a number has a terminating or repeating expansions if and only if it is rational; this does not depend on the base. A number that terminates in one base may repeat in another (thus 0.310 = 0.0100110011001...2). An irrational number stays unperiodic (infinite amount of unrepeating digits) in all bases. Thus, for example in base 2, &pi = 3.1415926...10 can be written down as the unperiodic 11.001001000011111...2.
If b=p is a prime number, one can define base-p numerals whose expansion to the left never stops; these are called the p-adic numbers.
Specific numeral systems
Positional systems
Positional-like systems with non-standard bases
- b=2: Binary
- b=3: Ternary
- b\=4: Quaternary
- b=5: Quinary
- b=6: Senary
- b=7: Septimal
- b=8: Octal or Octonary
- b=9: Novenary
- b=10: Decimal or Denary (see Arabic numerals, Armenian numerals, Chinese numerals, Greek numerals, Hebrew numerals, Indian numerals, Japanese numerals, Roman numerals)
- b=12: Duodecimal (used in the Chepang language of Nepal)
- b=16: Hexadecimal
- b=20: Vigesimal (see Mayan numerals)
- b=27: Base 27
- b=60: Sexagesimal (see Babylonian numerals)
Other systems
- b=-3: Negaternary
- b=-2: Negabinary
- b=&phi: Golden mean base
- b=2i: Quater-imaginary base
- b=sqrt(2)i: Binary square-root-2 times i base
- b=i - 1: Binary i-1 base
- b=Fibonacci number: Fibonacci coding
- b varies: Mixed radix
See also: Computer numbering formats
- Unary numeral system
- Roman numerals
External Resources
D. Knuth. The Art of Computer Programming. Volume 2, 3rd Ed. Addison-Wesley. pp.194-213, "Positional Number Systems"Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Numeral system."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
pH is a measure of the concentration of protons (H+) in a solution and, therefore, its acidity or alkalinity. The concept was introduced by S.P.L. Sørensen in 1909. The p stands for the German potenz, meaning power or concentration, and the H for the hydrogen ion (H+).
- Alternate uses: see PH (disambiguation)
The formula for calculating pH is:
where [H+] indicates the concentration of H+ ions (or also written [H3O+], concentration of the equivalent hydronium ions), measured in moles per litre (also known as molarity). Or in layman's terms , the " pH " value is an approximate number between 0 and 14 for the negative decimal log of the hydronium - ion concentration .
In aqueous solution at standard temperature and pressure, a pH of 7 indicates neutrality (e.g. pure water) because Water naturally disassociates into H+ and OH- ions with equal concentrations of 1×10-7M. A lower pH number (for example pH 3) indicates increasing strength of acidity, and a higher pH number (for example pH 11) indicates increasing strength of alkalinity. Most substances have a pH in the range 0 to 14, although extremely acidic or basic substances may have pH < 0, or pH > 14.
In nonaqueous solutions or non-STP conditions, the pH of neutrality may not be 7. Instead it is related to the disassociation constant for the specific solvent used.
There is also pOH, in a sense the opposite of pH, which measures the concentration of OH- ions. Since water self ionizes, and notating [OH-] as the concentration of hydroxide ions, we have
where Kw is constant, the ionization constant of water.
- Kw=[H+][OH-]=10-14
Now, since
by logarithmic identities, we then have the relationship
- log Kw=log [H+] + log [OH-]
and thus
- 14 = log [H+] + log [OH-]
- pOH = log [OH-] = 14 - log [H+]
Some common aqueous pH's
- 3.5: orange juice (slightly acidic)
- 5.6: unpolluted rain water (slightly acidic)
- 7.0: pure water
- 7.34 - 7.45: human blood (slightly alkaline)
- 11.0: household ammonia (very alkaline)
Measuring
pH can be measured by addition of a pH indicator or using a pH meter. Universal Indicator changes colour depending on the pH of the solution it is added to. Electronic pH meters consist of an electrolytic cell in which an electric current is created due to the hydrogen cations completing the circuit.
Calculation of pH for weak and strong acids
Values of pH for weak and strong acids can be approximated using certain assumptions. It is assumed that for strong acids, the dissociation reaction goes to completion (i.e., no unreacted acid remains in solution). Dissolving the strong acid HCl in water can therefore be expressed:
This means that in a 0.01 M solution of HCl it is approximated that there is a concentration of 0.01 M dissolved hydrogen ions. From above, the pH is: pH = -log10 [H+(aq)]:
- HCl(aq) → H+ + Cl-
which equals 2.
- pH = -log(0.01)
For weak acids the dissociation reaction does not go to completion, an equlibrium is set up between the ions and the acid. The following shows the equilibrium reaction between methanoic acid and its ions:
It is necessary to know the value of the equilibrium constant of the reaction for each acid in order to calculate its pH. In the context of pH, this is termed the acidity constant of the acid but is worked out in the same way (see chemical equilibrium):
- HCOOH(aq) ↔ H+(aq) + HCOO-(aq)
For HCOOH, Ka = 1.6 × 10-4
- Ka = [hydrogen ions (aq)][acid ions (aq)] / [acid (aq)]
Two assumptions are made in the calculation of pH for a weak acid. It is assumed that the water the acid is dissolved in does not provide any hydrogen ions. Water is a very weak acid and in general it supplies far fewer than the acid dissolved in it. Consequently in the above reaction the concentration of hydrogen ions equals the concentration of methanoate ions:
It is also taken that the amount of undissociated acid at equilibrium is equal to the amount originally added to the solution. Although this is obviously untrue (otherwise the pH would remain 7!) this amount can be neglected because the fraction of hydrogen ions given is again very small.
- [H-(aq)] = [HCOO-(aq)]
With a 0.1 M solution of methanoic acid (HCOOH), the acidity constant is equal to:
So:
- Ka = [H+(aq)][HCOO-(aq)] / [HCOOH(aq)]
- 1.6 × 10-4 = [H+][HCOO-] / 0.1
As [H-(aq)] = [HCOO-(aq)]:
- 1.6 × 10-4 × 0.1 =[H+][HCOO-]
The concentration of hydrogen ions is: 4 × 10-3. The pH, therefore, is: 2.3.
- 1.6 × 10-4 × 0.1 =[H+]2
See also: Acid-base reaction theories, Acid, Base, Alkali, Soil pH, titration
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "PH."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
ph or PH may be:
- pH value
- Philippines (ISO country code)
- phot (ph) unit
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Ph."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Radix (from Latin, basis) is the number base of a numeral system. e.g., binary is "base 2" and has a radix of 2. When describing radix in mathematical notation, b is generally used as a symbol for this concept; so, for a binary system, b equals 2.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Radix."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
See also Simple Lie group.In mathematics, a root system is a kind of configuration in Euclidean space that has turned out to be fundamental in Lie group theory. Since Lie groups (and some analogues such as algebraic groups) became used in most parts of mathematics during the twentieth century, the apparently special nature of of root systems belies the number of areas in which they are applied. Further, the classification scheme for root systems, by Dynkin diagrams, occurs in parts of mathematics with no overt connection to Lie groups (such as singularity theory.
Definitions
Formally, a root system is a finite set Φ of non-zero vectors (roots) spanning a finite-dimensional Euclidean space V which satisfy the following properties:
The rank of a root system Φ is the dimension of V. Two root systems may be combined by regarding the Euclidean spaces they span as mutually orthogonal subspaces of a common Euclidean space. A root system which does not arise from such a combination, such as the systems A2, B2, and G2 pictured below, is said to be irreducible.
- The only scalar multiples of a root α in V which belong to Φ are α itself and −α.
- For every root α in V, the set Φ is symmetric under reflection through the hyperplane of vectors perpendicular to α
- If α and β are vectors in Φ, the projection of 2β onto the line through α is an integer multiple of α
Two irreducible root systems (E1,Φ1) and (E2,Φ2) are considered to be the same if there is an invertible linear transformation E1→E2 which preserves distance up to a scale factor and which sends Φ1 to Φ2.
The group of isometries of V generated by reflections through hyperplanes associated to the roots of Φ is called the Weyl group of Φ as it acts faithfully on the finite set Φ, the Weyl group is always finite.
Classification
It is not too difficult to classify the root systems of rank 2:
Whenever Φ is a root system in V and W is a subspace of V spanned by Ψ=Φ∩W, then Ψ is a root system in W. Thus, our exhaustive list of root systems of rank 2 shows the geometric possibilities for any two roots in a root system. In particular, two such roots meet at an angle of 0, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 135, 150, or 180 degrees.
In general, irreducible root systems are specified by a family (indicated by a letter A to G) and the rank (indicated by a subscript). There are four infinite families and five exceptional cases:
- An (n≥1)
- Bn (n≥2)
- Cn (n≥3)
- Dn (n≥4)
- E6
- E7
- E8
- F4
- G2
Dynkin diagrams
To prove this classification theorem, one uses the angles between pairs of roots to encode the root system in a much simpler combinatorial object, the Dynkin diagram. The Dynkin diagrams can then be classified according to the scheme given above.
To every root system is associated a graph (possibly with a specially marked edge) called the Dynkin diagram. The Dynkin diagram can be extracted from the root system by choosing a base, that is a subset Δ of Φ which is a basis of V with the special property that every vector in Φ when written in the basis Δ has either all coefficients ≥0 or else all ≤0.
The vertices of the Dynkin diagram correspond to vectors in Δ. An edge is drawn between each non-orthogonal pair of vectors; it is a double edge if they make an angle of 135 degrees, and a triple edge if they make an angle of 150 degrees. In addition, double and triple edges are marked with an angle sign pointing toward the shorter vector.
Although a given root system has more than one base, the Weyl group acts transitively on the set of bases. Therefore, the root system determines the Dynkin diagram. Given two root systems with the same Dynkin diagram, we can match up roots, starting with the roots in the base, and show that the systems are in fact the same.
Thus the problem of classifying root systems reduces to the problem of classifying possible Dynkin diagrams, and the problem of classifying irreducible root systems reduces to the problem of classifying connected Dynkin diagrams. Dynkin diagrams encode the inner product on E in terms of the basis Δ, and the condition that this inner product must be positive definite turns out to be all that is needed to get the desired classification. The actual connected diagrams are as follows:
In detail, the individual root systems can be realized case-by-case, as in the following sections.
An
Let V be the subspace of Rn+1 for which the coordinates sum to 0, and let Φ be the set of vectors in V of length √2 and with integer coordinates in Rn+1. Such a vector must have all but two coordinates equal to 0, one coordinate equal to 1, and one equal to -1, so there are n2+n roots in all.
Bn
Let V=Rn, and let Φ consist of all integer vectors in V of length 1 or √2. The total number of roots is 2n2.
Cn
Let V=Rn, and let Φ consist of all integer vectors in V of √2 together with all vectors of the form 2λ, where λ is an integer vector of length 1. The total number of roots is 2n2. The total number of roots is 2n2.
Dn
Let V=Rn, and let Φ consist of all integer vectors in V of length √2. The total number of roots is 2n2.
En
For V8, let V=R8, and let E8 denote the set of vectors α of length √2 such that the coordinates of 2α are all integers and are either all even or all odd. Then E7 can be constructed as the intersection of E8 with the hyperplane of vectors perpendicular to a fixed root α in E8, and E6 can be constructed as the intersection of E8 with two such hyperplanes corresponding to roots α and β which are neither orthogonal to one another nor scalar multiples of one another. The root systems E6, E7, and E8 have 72, 126, and 240 roots respectively.
F4
For F4, let V=R4, and let Φ denote the set of vectors α of length 1 or √2 such that the coordinates of 2α are all integers and are either all even or all odd. There are 48 roots in this system.
G2
There are 12 roots in G2, which form the vertices of a hexagram. See the picture above.
Root systems and Lie theory
Irreducible root systems classify a number of related objects in Lie theory, notably:
In each case, the roots are non-zero weightss of the adjoint representation.
- Simple complex Lie algebras
- Simple complex Lie groups
- Simply connected complex Lie groups which are simple modulo their centers
- Simple compact Lie groups
See also Weyl group, Coxeter group, Cartan matrix, Coxeter matrix
A root system can also be said to describe a plant's roots and associated systems.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Root system."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This is a glossary of some terms used in the branch of mathematics known as topology. Although there is no clear distinction between different areas of topology, this glossary focuses primarily on general topology and definitions that are fundamental to a broad range of areas. See the article on topological spaces for basic definitions and examples, and see the article on topology for a brief history and description of the subject area.The following articles may also be useful. These either contain specialised vocabulary within general topology or provide more detailed expositions of the definitions given below. The list of general topology topics will also be very helpful.
All spaces in this glossary are assumed to be topological spaces unless stated otherwise.
- Compact space
- Connected space
- Continuity (topology)
- Metric space
- Separated sets
- Separation axiom
- Uniform space
Isotonicity: Every set is contained in its closure.
- Accessible. See T1.
- Baire space. A space X is a Baire space if it is not meagre in itself. Equivalently, X is a Baire space if the intersection of countably many dense open sets is dense.
- Base. A set of open sets is a base (or basis) for a topology if every open set in the topology is a union of sets in the base. The topology generated by a base is the smallest topology containing the base elements; this topology consists of all unions of elements of the base.
- Basis. See Base.
- Borel algebra. The Borel algebra on a space X is the smallest σ-algebra containing all the open sets.
- Borel set. A Borel set is an element of a Borel algebra.
- Boundary. The boundary of a set is the set's closure minus its interior. Equivalently, the boundary of a set is the intersection of its closure with the closure of its complement.
- Cauchy sequence. A sequence {xi} in a metric space M with metric d is called a Cauchy sequence (or Cauchy for short) if for every positive real number r, there is an integer N such that for all integers m and n greater than N, the distance d(xm, xn) is less than r.
- Clopen. A set is clopen if it is both open and closed.
- Closed set. A set is closed if its complement is a member of the topology.
- Closed function. A function from one space to another is closed if the image of every closed set is closed.
- Closure. The closure of a set is the intersection of all closed sets which contain it. It is the smallest closed set containing the original set.
- Compact. A space is compact if every open cover has a finite subcover. Compact spaces are always Lindelöf and paracompact. Compact Hausdorff spaces are therefore normal.
- Complete. A metric space is complete if every Cauchy sequence converges.
- Completely metrizable/completely metrisable. See Topologically complete.
- Completely normal. A space is completely normal if any two separated sets have disjoint neighbourhoods.
- Completely normal Hausdorff. A completely normal Hausdorff space (or T5 space) is a completely normal T1 space. (A completely normal space is Hausdorff if and only if it is T1, so the terminology is consistent.) Completely normal Hausdorff spaces are always normal Hausdorff.
- Completely regular. A space is completely regular if whenever C is a closed set and p is a point not in C, then C and {p} are functionally separated.
- Completely regular Hausdorff. See Tychonoff.
- Completely T3. See Tychonoff.
- Component. See connected component.
- Connected. A space X is connected if it is not the union of a pair of disjoint nonempty open sets. Equivalently, a space is connected if the only clopen sets are the whole space and the empty set.
- Connected component. A connected component of a space is a maximal connected subspace. The connected components of a space form a partition of that space.
- Continuous. A function from one space to another is continuous if the preimage of every open set is open.
- Contractible. A space X is contractible if the identity map on X is homotopic to a constant map. Contractible spaces are always simply connected.
- Countably compact. A space is countably compact if every countable open cover has a finite subcover.
- Cover. A collection {Ui} of sets is a cover (or covering), if their union is the whole space. An open cover is a cover consisting of open sets.
- Covering. See Cover.
- Dense. A dense set is a set that meets every nonempty open set in the space. Equivalently, a set is dense if its closure is the whole space.
- Discrete topology. See Discrete space.
- Discrete space. A space X is discrete if every set is open. We say that X carries the discrete topology.
- Entourage. See Uniform space.
- Fσ set. An Fσ set is a countable union of closed sets.
- First category. See Meagre.
- First-countable. A space is first-countable if every point has a countable local base.
- Functionally separated. Two sets A and B in a space X are functionally separated if there is a continuous function from X into the interval [0,1] with the property that A is mapped to 0 and B is mapped to 1.
- Gδ set. A Gδ set is a countable intersection of open sets.
- Hausdorff. A space is Hausdorff (or T2) if every two distinct points have disjoint neighbourhoods. Hausdorff spaces are always T1.
- Hereditary. A property of spaces is said to be hereditary if whenever a space has that property, then so does every subspace of it. For example, second-countability is a hereditary property.
- Homeomorphism. A homeomorphism from a space X to a space Y is a bijective map f : X → Y such that f and f -1 are continuous. The spaces X and Y are then said to be homeomorphic. From the standpoint of topology, homeomorphic spaces are identical.
- Homogeneous. A space X is homogeneous if for every x and y in X there is a homeomorphism f : X -> X such that f(x) = y. Intuitively speaking, this means that the space looks the same at every point. All topological groups are homogeneous.
- Homotopic maps. Two continuous maps f, g : X -> Y are homotopic if there is a continuous map H: X× [0,1] → Y, such that H(x,0) = f(x) and H(x,1) = g(x) for all x in X. Here, the space X × [0,1] is given the usual product topology. The function H is called a homotopy between f and g.
- Indiscrete space. See Trivial topology.
- Indiscrete topology. See Trivial topology.
- Interior. The interior of a set is the union of all open sets contained in it. It is the largest open set contained in the original set.
- Isolated point. A point x is an isolated point if the singleton {x} is open.
- Kolmogorov. See T0.
- Kuratowski closure axioms. The Kuratowski closure axioms are a set of axioms satisied by the closure operator:
Idempotence: The closure of the closure of a set is equal to the closure of that set. Preservation of binary unions: The closure of the union of two sets is the union of their closures. Preservation of nullary unions: The closure of the empty set is empty.
d(x, y) ≥ 0
- Limit point. A point x in X is a limit point of a subset S if every open set containing x also contains a point of S other than x itself. This is equivalent to requiring that every neighbourhood of x contains a point of S other than x itself.
- Lindelöf. A space is Lindelöf if every open cover has a countable subcover.
- Local base. A set B of neighbourhoods of a point x of a topological space X is a local base (or local basis, neighbourhood base, neighbourhood basis) at x if every neighbourhood of x contains some member of B.
- Local basis. See Local base.
- Locally compact. A space is locally compact if every point has a local base consisting of compact neighbourhoods. Locally compact Hausdorff spaces are always Tychonoff.
- Locally connected. A space is locally connected if every point has a local base consisting of connected sets.
- Locally finite. A collection of subsets of a space is locally finite if every point has a neighbourhood which meets only finitely many of the subsets.
- Locally metrizable/Locally metrisable. A space is locally metrizable if every point has a metrizable neighbourhood.
- Locally path-connected. A space is locally path-connected if every point has a local base consisting of path-connected sets. A locally path-connected space is connected if and only if it is path-connected.
- Meagre. If X is a space and A is a subset of X, then A is meagre in X (or of first category in X) if it is the countable union of nowhere dense sets. If A is not meagre in X, A is sometimes said to be of second category in X.
- Metric. See Metric space.
- Metric space. A metric space is a set M equipped with a function d : M × M → R satisfying the following conditions for all x, y, and z in M:
d(x, x) = 0 if d(x, y) = 0 then x = y (identity of indiscernibles) d(x, y) = d(y, x) (symmetry) d(x, z) ≤ d(x, y) + d(y, z) (triangle inequality) The function d is called a metric on M.
The empty set and X are in T.
- Metrizable/Metrisable. A space is metrizable if it is homeomorphic to a metric space. Metrizable spaces are always Hausdorff and paracompact (and hence normal and Tychonoff), and first-countable.
- Neighbourhood/Neighborhood. A neighbourhood of a set S is a set containing an open set which in turn contains the set S. (Note that the neighbourhood itself need not be open.) A neighbourhood of a point p is a neighbourhood of the singleton set {p}.
- Neighbourhood base. See Local base.
- Neighbourhood basis. See Local base.
- Net. A net in a space X is a map from a directed set A to X. A net from A to X is usually denoted (xα), where α is in an index variable ranging over A. Every sequence is a net, taking A to be the directed set of natural numbers with the usual ordering.
- Normal. A space is normal if any two disjoint closed sets have disjoint neighbourhoods. Normal spaces admit partitions of unity.
- Normal Hausdorff. A normal Hausdorff space (or T4 space) is a normal T1 space. (A normal space is Hausdorff if and only if it is T1, so the terminology is consistent.) Normal Hausdorff spaces are always Tychonoff.
- Nowhere dense. A nowhere dense set is a set whose closure has empty interior.
- Open cover. See Cover.
- Open set. A set is open if it is a member of the topology.
- Open function. A function from one space to another is open if the image of every open set is open.
- Paracompact. A space is paracompact if every open cover has an open locally finite refinement. Paracompact Hausdorff spaces are normal.
- Partition of unity. A partition of unity of a space X is a set of continuous functions from X to [0,1] such that any point has a neighbourhood where all but a finite number of the functions are identically zero, and the sum of all the functions on the entire space is identically 1.
- Path-connected. A space X is path-connected if for every two points x, y in X, there is a path p from x to y, i.e., a continuous map p: [0,1] → X with p(0) = x and p(1) = y. Path-connected spaces are always connected.
- Point. This term is often used to refer to elements of the topological space.
- Polish. A space is called Polish if it is metrizable with a separable and complete metric.
- Product topology. If {Xi} is a collection of spaces and X is the (set-theoretic) product of {Xi}, then the product topology on X is the weakest topology for which all the projection maps are continuous.
- Punctured neighbourhood/Punctured neighborhood. A punctured neighbourhood of a point p is a neighbourhood of p, minus {p}. For instance, the interval (-1,1) = {x : -1 < x < 1} is a neighbourhood of 0 in the real line, so the set (-1,0) ∪ (0,1) = (-1,1) - {0} is a punctured neighbourhood of 0.
- Quotient space. If X and Y are spaces and f : X → Y is any function, then the quotient space on Y induced by f is the weakest topology for which f is continuous. The most common example of this is to consider an equivalence relation on X, with Y the set of equivalence classes and f the natural projection map.
- Refinement. A cover K is a refinement of a cover L if every member of K is a subset of some member of L.
- Regular. A space is regular if whenever C is a closed set and p is a point not in C, then C and p have disjoint neighbourhoods.
- Regular Hausdorff. A space is regular Hausdorff (or T3) if it is a regular T0 space. (A regular space is Hausdorff if and only if it is T0, so the terminology is consistent.)
- Residual. If X is a space and A is a subset of X, then A is residual in X if the complement of A is meagre in X.
- Second category. See Meagre.
- Second-countable. A space is second-countable if it has a countable base for its topology. Second-countable spaces are always separable, first-countable and Lindelöf.
- Separable. A space is separable if it has a countable dense subset.
- Separated. Two sets A and B are separated if each is disjoint from the other's closure.
- Sierpinski space. Let S = {0,1}. Then T = is a topology on S, and the resulting space is called Sierpinski space. The Sierpinski space is the simplest example of a space that does not satisfy the T1 axiom.
- Simply connected. A space X is simply connected if it is path-connected and every continuous map f: S1 → X is homotopic to a constant map.
- Subbase. A set of open sets is a subbase (or subbasis) for a topology if every open set in the topology is a union of finite intersections of sets in the subbase. The topology generated by a subbase is the smallest topology containing the subbase elements; this topology consists of all finite intersections of unions of elements of the subbase.
- Subbasis. See Subbase.
- Subcover. A cover K is a subcover (or subcovering) of a cover L if every member of K is a member of L.
- Subcovering. See Subcover.
- Subspace. If X is a space and A is a subset of X, then the subspace topology on A induced by X consists of all intersections of open sets in X with A.
- T0. A space is T0 (or Kolmogorov) if for every pair of distinct points x and y in the space, either there is an open set containing x but not y, or there is an open set containing y but not x.
- T1. A space is T1 (or accessible) if for every pair of distinct points x and y in the space, there is an open set containing x but not y. (Compare with T0; here, we are allowed to specify which point will be contained in the open set.) Equivalently, a space is T1 if all its singletons are closed. T1 spaces are always T0.
- T2. See Hausdorff.
- T3. See Regular Hausdorff.
- T3½. See Tychonoff.
- T4. See Normal Hausdorff.
- T5. See Completely normal Hausdorff.
- Topological space. A topological space is a set X equipped with a collection T of subsets of X satisfying the following conditions:
The union of any collection of sets in T is also in T. The intersection of any pair of sets in T is also in T. The collection T is called a topology on X.
if U is in Φ, then U contains { (x, x) : x in X }.
- Topologically complete. A space is topologically complete if it is homeomorphic to a complete metric space.
- Topology. See Topological space.
- Totally disconnected. A space is totally disconnected if it has no connected subset with more than one point.
- Trivial topology. The trivial topology on a set X consists of precisely the empty set and the entire space X.
- Tychonoff. A Tychonoff space (or completely regular Hausdorff space, completely T3 space, T3½ space) is a completely regular T0 space. (A completely regular space is Hausdorff if and only if it is T0, so the terminology is consistent.) Tychonoff spaces are always regular Hausdorff.
- Uniform space. A uniform space is a set U equipped with a nonempty system Φ of subsets of the Cartesian product X × ''X'\' satisfying the following:
if U is in Φ, then { (y, x) : (x, y) in U } is also in Φ if U is in Φ and V is a subset of X × X which contains U, then V is in Φ if U and V are in Φ, then U ∩ V is in Φ if U is in Φ, then there exists V in Φ such that, whenever (x, y) and (y, z) are in V, then (x, z) is in U. The elements of Φ are called entourages, and Φ itself is called a uniform structure on U.
- Uniform structure. See Uniform space.
- Weak topology. The weak topology on a set, with respect to a collection of functions from that set into topological spaces, is the weakest topology on the set which makes all the functions continuous.
- Weakly hereditary. A property of spaces is said to be weakly hereditary if whenever a space has that property, then so does every closed subspace of it. For example, compactness and the Lindelöf property are both weakly hereditary properties, although neither is hereditary.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Topology glossary."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
BASE | English | Bipolar advanced silicon for Europe | Computing |
BASE | French | Base des nuages | Geography, Transportation |
BASE | German | Wolkenuntergrenze | Geography, Transportation |
BASE | Italian | Base principale delle nubi | Geography, Transportation |
| BAB | English | Blood Agar Base | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: BaseSynonyms: basal (adj), baseborn (adj), dishonorable (adj), dishonourable (adj), humble (adj), immoral (adj), lowly (adj), mean (adj), meanspirited (adj), unethical (adj), alkali (n), bag (n), base of operations (n), basis (n), cornerstone (n), floor (n), foot (n), foundation (n), fundament (n), groundwork (n), home (n), infrastructure (n), pedestal (n), radical (n), radix (n), root (n), root word (n), stand (n), stem (n), substructure (n), theme (n), understructure (n), establish (v), found (v), free-base (v), ground (v), place (v), post (v), send (v), station (v). (additional references) |
| Synonym by domain: underframe (mechanical engineering, engineering & technology). |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Attack | Base of operations, point of attack; echelon. |
Base | Noun: base, basement; plinth, dado, wainscot; baseboard, mopboard; bedrock, hardpan; foundation; (support); substructure, substratum, ground, earth, pavement, floor, paving, flag, carped, ground floor, deck; footing, ground work, basis; hold, bilge. |
Commonalty | Adjective: ignoble, common, mean, low, base, vile, sorry, scrubby, beggarly; below par; no great shakes; (unimportant); homely, homespun; vulgar, low-minded; snobbish. |
Cowardice | Dastard, dastardly; base, craven, sneaking, dunghill, recreant; unwarlike, unsoldier-like. |
Disrepute | Ignominious, scrubby, dirty, abject, vile, beggarly, pitiful, low, mean, shabby base; (dishonorable). |
Envy | Phrase: " base envy withers at another's joy "; caeca invidia est; multa petentibus desunt multa;Phrase: " base envy withers at another's joy "; caeca invidia est; multa petentibus desunt multa; summa petit livor. |
Improbity | Infamous, arrant, foul, base, vile, ignominious, blackguard. |
Inexpedience | Vile, base, villainous; mean; (paltry); injured; deteriorated; unsatisfactory, exceptionable indifferent; below par; (imperfect); illcontrived, ill-conditioned; wretched, sad, grievous, deplorable, lamentable; pitiful, pitiable, woeful; (painful). |
Money | False money, bad money; base coin, flash note, slip, kite; fancy stocks; Bank of Elegance. |
Number | Power, root, exponent, index, logarithm, antilogarithm; modulus, base. |
Plan | Forecast, program(me), prospectus; carte du pays; card; bill, protocol; order of the day, list of agenda; bill of fare; (food); base of operations; platform, plank, slate, ticket. |
Servility | Adjective: servile, obsequious; supple,supple as a glove; soapy, oily, pliant, cringing, abased, dough-faced, fawning, slavish, groveling, sniveling, mealy-mouthed; beggarly, sycophantic, parasitical; abject, prostrate, down on ones marrowbones; base, mean, sneaking; crouching; Verb: |
Support | Noun: support, ground, foundation, base, basis; terra firma; bearing, fulcrum, bait, caudex crib; point d'appui, gr/pou sto/gr, purchase footing, hold, locus standi; landing place, landing stage; stage, platform; block; rest, resting place; groundwork, substratum, riprap, sustentation, subvention; floor; (basement). |
Give support, furnish support, afford support, supply support, lend support, give foundations, furnish foundations, afford foundations, supply foundations, lend foundations; bottom, found, base, ground, imbed, embed. | |
Vice | Base, sinister, scurvy, foul, gross, vile, black, grave, facinorous, felonious, nefarious, shameful, scandalous, infamous, villainous, of a deep dye, heinous; flagrant, flagitious; atrocious, incarnate, accursed. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Base |
| English words defined with "base": air base, army base, Attic base ♦ base hit, Base line, base on balls, base runner ♦ Dexter base ♦ first base ♦ navy base ♦ on base ♦ Prison base, prisoner's base ♦ rocket base ♦ second base, Sulphur base ♦ third base. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "base": Acreage base, advanced base, alternate escort operating base ♦ Base acreage, base 64, base address, Base Attributes Set, base charge, base class, base control unit, base drag, base ejection shell, BASE FILLER, Base Flood, base fracture, base fuze, base leakage current, base map, base map symbol, base memory, Base Pair Mismatch, base pairing, Base period, Base period price, base pressure, Base property, Base Rate, BASE REMOVER, base sequence analysis, Base surge, base symbol, Base Technology, Base Tenure ♦ cloud base height, Crop acreage base ♦ DATA BASE DESIGN ANALYST, data base management system ♦ emergency fleet operating base ♦ Farm acreage base, fresh-air base ♦ height of cloud base ♦ IMS/Data Base, inferred reserve base, installed user base ♦ launching base, learning base ♦ Management Information Base, monetary base ♦ Napierian base ♦ ohmic base resistance ♦ SKI BASE TRIMMER, Skull Base Neoplasms, STABLE BASE, submarine base ♦ Updraft Base, user base ♦ wide base stereoscopy. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "base": turpitude. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Base" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Danish (base, basis), Dutch (base, basis), French (base, basis, bed, bedrock, foundation, fundament, ground, grounding, mainstay, radix, root, strong point), German (base, basis, cousin), Italian (base, basic, basis, foot, foundation, ground, groundwork, plinth, scaffolding, standard, station, stock), Latin (base, chord, foundation, pedestal, point of attachment, support), Portuguese (background, base, base course, basis, bed, camp, cap, foot, foothold, foundation, founding, frame, fund, fundamental, ground, grounding, groundwork, hornbook, logging depot, mounting, patten, pedestal, pinch, platen, principle, radical, road base, root, sabot, seat, sinew, sole, stool, substruction, substructure, vibration table), Spanish (base, basis, bedrock, crutch, foot, footing, foundation, fund, ground, Mount, mounting, radices, radix, rest, substruction). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | They found the remains of a Rebel base, but they estimate that it has been deserted for some time (Star Wars; writing credit: George Lucas) There shall in that time be rumors of things going astray, erm, and there shall be a great confusion as to where things really are, and nobody will really know where lieth those little things with the sort of raffia-work base, that has an attachment (Life of Brian; writing credit: Graham Chapman; John Cleese) In two minutes primary charges will blow base charges and a few square blocks will be reduced to smoldering rubble (Fight Club; writing credit: Jim Uhls) You let the tying run get on second base and we lost the lead because of you (A League of Their Own; writing credit: Kim Wilson; Kelly Candaele) With all due respect, Colonel, if you don't follow us to Travis Air Force base, we'll blow you out of the sky. (Outbreak; writing credit: Laurence Dworet; Robert Roy Pool) | |
Lyrics | Third! Holy cow, stolen base! He's taking a pretty big lead out (Paradise By The Dashboard Light; performing artist: Meat Loaf) Magenta feelings take up shelter in the base of my spine (I Want You; performing artist: Savage Garden) Got this problem out of wants you to do it in base eight (New Math; performing artist: Tom Lehrer) | |
Movie/TV Titles | UFO: Distruggete base Luna! (1974) Généralités de base (1971) Base Stoccolma Rapporto Fuller (1967) Missile Base at Taniak (1966) Anyone Around My Base Is It (1966) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books | |||
Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | If there is a pair of tufts near the base of the siphon, and a ventral row of tufts, or a row of straight hairs following the pecten, the genus is identified as Culiseta. Credit: CDC. |  | Science Base on Lunar Farside. Credit: NASA. |
 | Tranquility Base. Credit: NASA. |  | Aldrin Looks Back at Tranquility Base. Credit: NASA. |
 | White River West Base on the 141st Meridian Survey International Boundary Commission surveyors. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | 100-foot tower at Bozeman NW Base Note man at top Triangulation party of William M. Scaife. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Minnows that constitute the forage base for larger predators. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | A decorative lighthouse graces the entrance to the United States Coast Guard Base at Charleston. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | Tigvariak Island base camp from the air. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | The abandoned base at Port Lockroy. The SHACKLETON came here to remove equipment. 64 50 S Latitude 63 30 W Longitude. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Candle and brass base" by Marcus Buckner Commentary: "A candle on a brass base." | "Base" by Guenter M. Kirchweger Commentary: "Detail from a contrabase." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | A Kansas City swing style piece using the blues as a harmonic and melodic base. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Author Unknown | Stopping at third base adds nothing to the score. |
Edward Young | Less base the fear of death than fear of life. |
Euripides | The wavering mind is but a base possession. |
Gilda Radner | I base most of my fashion taste on what doesn't itch. |
Henry Fielding | Worth begets in base minds, envy; in great souls, emulation. |
Jean Jacques Rousseau | Base souls have no faith in great individuals. |
Plato | All learning has an emotional base. |
William Shakespeare | Small things make base men proud. |
| Of all base passions, fear is most accurs'd. | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | They vindicated him against the base aspersion |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Taking it from its root in the hold to its summit in the clouds, it is sixty fathoms long, and is three feet in diameter at its base. |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | He began to beat the frayed end of his ashplant against the base of a pillar |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | He could not see the base of the tree, for it grew out of a little swale that held water longer than the level places |
Julius Caesar | William Shakespeare | Lowliness is young ambition's ladder, whereto the climber-upward turns his face; But when he once attains the upmost round, He then unto the ladder turns his back, Looks in the clouds, scorning the base degrees By which he did ascend |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Other neurons at the base of the brain begin signaling when we fall asleep. (references) | |
This hormone is made in the hypothalamus, a small gland located in the base of the brain. (references) | ||
Such knowledge will provide the foundation upon which to base new therapeutic strategies. (references) | ||
Business | The base equipment is Ericsson. (references) | |
The Base consists of six software parks and 15 major enterprises. (references) | ||
Foshan is the building and art ceramic and tile base in Guangdong. (references) | ||
Children | Sierra Leone | The rebels have no identifiable ethnic or regional base of voluntary popular support, and they controlled territory by terror and coercion rather than by popular consent. (references) |
Civil Liberties | Colombia | Both paramilitary groups and guerrillas used forced displacements to gain control over disputed territories and to weaken their opponents' base of support. (references) |
Mozambique | The Independent Party of Mozambique (PIMO), a predominantly Muslim group without representation in Parliament, has argued for the right of political parties to base their activities on religious principles. (references) | |
Economic History | Zimbabwe | One handicap is an outdated machinery base. (references) |
Uae | Thuraya hopes to have a subscriber base of US $ 1.8 million. (references) | |
Croatia | The taxable base is the profit earned in Croatia and abroad. (references) | |
Human Rights | Ecuador | The protesters largely destroyed Tena air base. (references) |
Eritrea | They base their decisions on "conscience," without reference to the law. (references) | |
Liberia | Victims and witnesses reported beatings, torture, killings, and sexual abuse at the base. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Guatemala | In late May, the military base at Quetzaltenango hosted a day of reconciliation with representatives of 23 ethnic groups from around the country. (references) |
Denmark | In 1999 a court ruled that the Government unjustly resettled Greenland Inuits in 1953 in order to accommodate the expansion of a U.S. Air Force base in northwest Greenland. (references) | |
Minorities | Italy | Roma are another traditional minority, but without a specific geographic base. (references) |
Political Economy | RUSSIA | Monetary base growth over the first nine months reflects the same fact. (references) |
Rwanda | Small-scale commercial activities are increasing, but the industrial base remains limited. (references) | |
INDIA | India's direct tax base is small: only 26 million taxpayers out of a possible 250 million households. (references) | |
Political Rights | Liberia | Local governments at all levels have no independent revenue base and rely entirely on the central Government for funds. (references) |
Congo | Subnational government entities lack an independent revenue base and do not represent a significant check on central authority. (references) | |
Cameroon | The Biya Government has proven particularly intolerant of opposition from within its Beti/Bulu ethnic-regional base in the Center Province. (references) | |
Trade | Botswana | VAT is also expected to broaden the tax base. (references) |
Egypt | The Egyptian pound deposit base has increased substantially. (references) | |
Venezuela | Government officials have indicated that this base price system is WTO-compliant. (references) | |
Travel | Cote D'ivoire | The base rate is CFA/F 2,500, plus extras. (references) |
Saudi Arabia | Local Saudi employee taxes are 15 percent of base or combined with benefits. (references) | |
Saudi Arabia | From base salary and housing, companies withhold five percent and pay 10 percent. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Nigeria | The development of a reliable statistical base for assessing the child trafficking problem began under ILO auspices. (references) |
Uganda | Salaries usually are augmented by other benefits such as housing and transport allowances, which often are equal to base wages. (references) | |
Afghanistan | Many of Kabul's industrial workers were unemployed due to the destruction or abandonment of the city's minuscule manufacturing base. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | SYCOPHANT, n. One who approaches Greatness on his belly so that he may not be commanded to turn and be kicked. He is sometimes an editor. As the lean leech, its victim found, is pleased To fix itself upon a part diseased Till, its black hide distended with bad blood, It drops to die of surfeit in the mud, So the base sycophant with joy descries His neighbor's weak spot and his mouth applies, Gorges and prospers like the leech, although, Unlike that reptile, he will not let go. Gelasma, if it paid you to devote Your talent to the service of a goat, Showing by forceful logic that its beard Is more than Aaron's fit to be revered; If to the task of honoring its smell Profit had prompted you, and love as well, The world would benefit at last by you And wealthy malefactors weep anew -- Your favor for a moment's space denied And to the nobler object turned aside. Is't not enough that thrifty millionaires Who loot in freight and spoliate in fares, Or, cursed with consciences that bid them fly To safer villainies of darker dye, Forswearing robbery and fain, instead, To steal (they call it "cornering") our bread May see you groveling their boots to lick And begging for the favor of a kick? Still must you follow to the bitter end Your sycophantic disposition's trend, And in your eagerness to please the rich Hunt hungry sinners to their final ditch? In Morgan's praise you smite the sounding wire, And sing hosannas to great Havemeyher! What's Satan done that him you should eschew? He too is reeking rich -- deducting you. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Heather Mills McCartney | Wherever we lay our hat, basically. We're on tour at the moment. So we move around all the time. Our main base is in London, in the U.K. But we're just all over the place. Hotels at the moment. |
Regis Philbin | Here comes challenger. All of center field, coming closer and closer to second base. As challenger reaches second base, in swoops four Navy jets. Right over the stadium, Whoa with a tremendous roar. |
Rush Limbaugh | You're going to please your Arab customer base if you're a little harder on the Israelis than you are on the Arabs. |
Sally Jessy Raphael | Kind of a base, bottom line, I would guess. And that's not all television, that's the need to be tabloid television, I think. It's either that or a plug your new book and let's have a lot of giggles, or plug your movie or whatever. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
William H. Taft | 1909-1913 | The colored men must base their hope on the results of their own industry, self-restraint, thrift, and business success, as well as upon the aid and comfort and sympathy which they may receive from their white neighbors of the South. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | We must base our policies not on unreasoning optimism or pessimism but upon a candid recognition of our objectives and upon a careful analysis of foreseeable trends. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | Its course was direct from Eielson Air Force Base in Alaska to the North Pole and return. |
Richard Nixon | 1969-1974 | But with the disappearance of that base, I now believe that the constitutional purpose has been served. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | From that base a number of thorough investigations of specific topics continued. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | You know, we help communities in a special way when their military base closes. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Base" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 93.26% of the time. "Base" is used about 7,735 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 93.26% | 7,213 | 1,343 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 5.31% | 411 | 13,718 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 1.14% | 88 | 35,154 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 0.23% | 18 | 82,615 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.05% | 4 | 175,879 |
| Total | 100.00% | 7,735 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "base" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Base | Last name | 200 | 30,771 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "base". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Hashupha | N/A | Biblical | Made base |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
| Country | Name |
| China | Shenzhen Chiwan Petroleum Supply Base Company Limited |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "base": a drink with a rum base ♦ advanced base ♦ Advanced Knowledge Base Management System ♦ air base ♦ all your base are belong to us ♦ Altern base ♦ army base ♦ Attic base ♦ Bangor Trident Base ♦ base 64 ♦ base act ♦ base address ♦ base angle ♦ Base Attributes Set ♦ base bearing ♦ base camp ♦ base class ♦ base coin ♦ base command ♦ Base Composition ♦ base contact ♦ base control unit ♦ base course ♦ base development ♦ base doping ♦ base ejection shell ♦ base electrode ♦ base excess ♦ Base fee ♦ base figure ♦ base forme ♦ base fuze ♦ base hit ♦ base hospital ♦ base latin ♦ base leakage current ♦ base length ♦ base level tasks ♦ base line ♦ base load ♦ base map ♦ base map symbol ♦ base member ♦ base memory ♦ base metal ♦ base metals ♦ base number ♦ base of a cutting ♦ base of a geometrical figure ♦ base of cloud ♦ base of operations ♦ base of ski ♦ base on ♦ base on balls ♦ base oneself ♦ base oneself on ♦ base pair ♦ Base Pair Mismatch ♦ base pairing ♦ base pay ♦ base period ♦ base pierce ♦ base plate ♦ base port ♦ base price ♦ Base ring ♦ base runner ♦ base salary ♦ base sequence ♦ base sequence analysis ♦ base site controller messages ♦ base smth. on smth. ♦ base station ♦ base station system ♦ base structures ♦ base surge ♦ base symbol ♦ base Technology ♦ base transport efficiency ♦ base turn ♦ base unit ♦ base upon ♦ Base viol ♦ base wallah ♦ base year ♦ be off one's base ♦ bruising the base of cuttings RF office international de la vigne et du vin ♦ chart base ♦ cloud base ♦ cloud base height ♦ cocaine base ♦ compass base ♦ data base ♦ data base administrator ♦ data base management routines ♦ data base management system ♦ departure base ♦ deployment operating base ♦ Dexter base ♦ directory information base ♦ Double base. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "base": base-ball, base-base, base-board, base-boards, base-born, Base-burner, base-calling, base-camp, base-commodity, base-course, base-course, Base-court, base-deficient, base-emitter, base-exchange, base-form, base-forming, base-frequency, base-isolated, base-level, base-line, base-lined, base-load, base-man, base-maps, base-metal, base-minded, base-modification, base-of-overburden, base-only, base-over-apex, base-pair, base-pairing, base-pairs, base-period, base-plate, base-poor, base-rate, base-rich, base-spirited, base-stacking, base-superstructure, base-viol, base-weighted, base-words, base-zero. | |
Ending with "base": air-base, bg-base, home-base, hyper-base, knowledge-base, non-base, power-base, resource-base, zero-base. | |
Containing "base": acid-base balance, acid-base equilibrium, Acid-Base Imbalance, acid-base indicator, copper-base alloy, inter-base-pair, intra-base-pair, nickel-base alloy, rubber-base paint, sub-base course, three-base hit, two-base hit, water-base paint. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "base"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | basis (basis). (various references) | |
Albanian | bazoj (build), bazë ushtarake, bazë (alkali, bases, basis, bedrock, bottom, evidence, foundation, grassroots, ground, groundwork, juice, radix, reason, score, seminal, substratum, substructure, ultimate), themel (bedrock, footing, foundation, foundations, groundwork, juice, quiddity, radical, reason, substratum, substructure), shërbej si bazë, rrënjë (foothold, radical, radix, root, stem), pikënisje (starting point), i ulët (contemptible, dark, deep, down, gentle, give away, humble, ignoble, infamous, low, low down, low lying, lowly, mean, modest, nasty, nefarious, petty, primary, rascally, scrubby, scurvy, shoddy, subdued, vile, villainous, vulgar), i rëndomtë (banal, coarse, common, commonplace, copybook, corny, everyday, habitual, hackneyed, homely, mundane, ordinary, plain, platitudinous, prose, prosy, second rate, substandard, trite, vulgar), i poshtëm (subjacent, under), i pavlerë (bad, barren, catchpenny, chaffy, cheap, crummy, dud, expendable, fiddling, footling, frivolous, futile, jejune, measly, nugatory, paltry, peddling, tawdry, threepenny, trashy, vain, valueless, worthless), i pandershëm (conscienceless, dark, devious, dirty, dishonest, disreputable, ill gotten, knavish, mean, rascally, raw, roguish, unfaithful, unscrupulous, unsportsmanlike), fundament, fund (back, bed, bottom, death, decease, decline, doom, end, ending, epilogue, extremity, finality, finish, foot, foundation, ground, Omega, petticoat, quietus, rock bottom, skirt, sole, stub, tag, tail, tailpiece, terminal, termination). (various references) | |
Arabic | غير فصيح (barbarous, colloquial), ردئ (bad, bastard, bum, coarse, common, doggie, evil, fearful, fiendish, foul, ill, inferior, nice, paltry, poor, poorness, putrid, second rate, slim, sour, tacky, tinpot, unhealthy, vicious, villainous, watery), أساس (armature, basis, bottom, crux, footing, foundation, fundament, ground, grounding, grounds, pedestal, roadbed, rock, structure, subsoil, substratum, substructure), أساسي (absolute, alkaline, basal, capital, cardinal, close, constitutional, formal, fundamental, imperative, indispensable, innate, inward, leading, main, major, material, momentous, nub, organic, overriding, paramount, piece de resistance, primal, primary, principal, radical, right, staple, substantial, ultimate, underling), القاعدة الأساسية, الهدف (home, target), خسيس (abject, contemptible, dastardly, despicable, ignoble, loon, lousy, low, lowly, mean, paltry, pooch, reptile, ruffian, scruffy, servile, shabby, shoddy, sleazy, small change, sordid, vile, villainous), بنى على أساس, زائف (adulterate, artificial, bad, bastard, bogus, dummy, fake, false, fictitious, fictive, floating, hypocritical, imitation, imitative, mock, postiche, pretended, pseudo, queer, sham, shoddy, simulate, spurious, unreal), منحط (decadent, degenerate, degraded, ignoble, low, low down, low-grade, lowly, mean, vile), حقير (abject, beggarly, blackguardly, cheap, despicable, dingy, dirty, frowzy, grubby, ignoble, inferior, insignificant, lousy, low, low down, lowly, mean, menial, niggling, paltry, pettifogger, petty, pip squeak, pitiable, pitiful, poor, popinjay, rotten, scabby, scaly, scoundrelly, scruffy, scummy, scurvy, servile, shabby, shoddy, slavish, slim, slushy, small minded, snide, sod, squalid, swine, tacky, trifling, ungracious, unworthy, varmint, vile, villainous, worthless, wretched), قاعدة بحرية (naval base), قاعدة أساس (basis, foundation, rule), قاعدة جوية (air base), قاعدة كيمياء, لئيم (depraved, evil, low, mean, miscreant), نقطة مركز (outpost), عامي (colloquial, informal, plebeian, slang, slangy, vernacular, vulgar, yearly). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | черта (ingredient, line, score, strand, streak, stria, trace), фундамент (bedding, foundation, substructure), основавам (bottom, charter, establish, found, ground, institute, launch, organize, plant, promote, set up, start), основа (accidence, alkali, basis, bed, foot, footing, foundation, fundamental, grounding, groundwork, joint, lye, pedestal, radix, seat, seating, sole, staff, stem, substratum, substructure, theme, underpinning, warp, warp and woof), обосновавам (ground, motivate), нисък (grave, keen, low, low-browed, low-pitched, short, thickset), низък (abject, contemptible, degraded, ignoble, low down, low-minded, mangy, mean, mean-spirited, miscreant, paltry, scaly, scurvy, unworthy, vile, villainous, yellow), бас (bass, basso, bet, betting, wager), база (basis, groundwork, home, jumping-off-place, substratum, warp, warp and woof), базирам (found, rest), простонароден (folksy), поставка (rack, stand, support), подъл (blackguardly, caitiff, creeping, dastardly, devilish, diabolic, diabolical, dirt, dirty, dishonorable, dishonourable, jesuitic, jesuitical, low, low down, low-minded, mean, mean-spirited, miscreant, recreant, reptile, scurvy, shabby, snaky, sneaking, sneaky, snide, vile, villainous), плацдарм (maneuvering ground, manoeuvring ground, place of arms), долен (abject, bottom, contemptible, currish, ignoble, ignominious, infamous, inferior, iniquitous, low, lower, low-grade, mangy, mean, mean-spirited, rascal, ratty, reptile, rotten, scaly, scurvy, shady, under, unworthy, vile, villainous). (various references) | |
Chinese | 基地 . (various references) | |
Czech | báze (basis), založit (begin, constitute, establish, file, float, found, ground, institute, launch, mislay, plant, set up, start, start up, wedge), zásada (alkali, Maxim, principle, rudder, tenet, theorem), základní složka, základna (basis, station), výchozí bod, startovní èára, podstavec (easel, foot, horse, Mount, pedestal, plinth, rest, support, trestle), podlý (contemptible, currish, ignoble, lowdown, mean, shabby, sordid, ugly, villainous, wicked), opìrný bod (clue), nízký (flat, ignoble, impure, low, short, sordid, squalid, tawdry, villainous), meta (goal), kmen (bole, radical, stem, stock, strain, tribe), úpatí (foot). (various references) | |
Danish | base (basis), basis (basis). (various references) | |
Dutch | base (basis), grondtal (basis), gronden (lay the ground coat, lay the ground color, lay the ground colour, prime, priming), basis (basis, element, foundation), baseren (erect, establish, found, ground). (various references) | |
Esperanto | bazo (basis), bazi, surbazigi (found, ground), malnobla (abject, low, nasty, vile). (various references) | |
Farsi | فرومایه (Abject, Brassy, Currish, Ignoble, Knave, Low, Vile), پایه (Basis, Bedrock, Buttress, Cantilever, Column, Degree, Ground, Groundwork, Leg, Mark, Measure, Mount, Outrigger, Phase, Pillar, Prop, Root, Sill, Stage, Stalk, Stanchion, Status, Stock, Stratum), پایگاه , مبناقراردادن , ته ستون , ته (Bed, Bottom, Butt, Extremity, Heel, Stub), تکیه گاه (Back, Backrest), زمینه (Background, Basis, Conspectus, Context, Design, Ground, Groundwork, Outline, Root, Sketch, Tendency, Terrain, Theme), صدای بم , اساس (Basis, Bedrock, Cornerstone, Element, Fabric, Ground, Groundwork, Nucleus, Root), شالوده (Infrastructure, Pedestal, Skeleton, Sole, Texture), بنیان نهادن , بنیاد (Basis, Institute, Root, Substratum). (various references) | |
Finnish | pohja (basis, bottom, foundation, ground, sole), kanta (attitude, counterfoil, head, heel, point of view, population, stalk, stand, standard, standpoint, stub), emäs (alkali), alusta (basis, bed, bench, chassis, coaster, easel, foundation, mat, mount, stand, tressle, workbench). (various references) | |
French | BASE (basis), baser, socle (base plate, basement, basement complex, baseplate, baserock, island base, pedestal base), patin, culot, assise (basis). (various references) | |
Frisian | basearje. (various references) | |
German | basis (basis, dado, foot, footing, foundation), base (basis, cousin), unterlage (bed, document, drawsheet, Mount, pad, record, substratum, underlay), stützpunkt (fulcrum, stronghold), sockel (footing, foundation, holder, Mount, mounting, pedestal, pedestals, pillar, plinth, socket, socle, supporting base), grundzahl (base number, basic number, Cardinal, cardinal number), Grundlage (basis, datum, element, foundation, fundamental, fundamentals, gist, groundwork, root position, scaffolding, substructure), gemein (abject, abominable, basely, beastly, bitchy, caitiff, cheap, coarse, common, cussedly, dirty, disreputable, foul, horrid, horridly, infamous, invidious, joint, low, lower case, malicious, maliciously, mean, meanly, miscreant, miserable, miserably, nastily, nasty, paltry, rascally, reptilian, rotten, scurillously, scurvily, scurvy, sordid, spiteful, squalid, squalidly, ugly, unkind, unkindly, vicious, vile, vilely, villainous, vulgar, wicked), boden (attic, bottom, earth, floor, foundation, ground, land, loft, seabed, seat, soil, terrain). (various references) | |
Greek | βάση (basis, bed, foot, foothold, footing, ground, groundwork, mounting, pedestal), βάθρο (abutment, block, foundation, pedestal, podium, stand). (various references) | |
Hebrew | משתית (foundation), מעמיד (pedestal, plinth, stand), להשתית (establish, found, lay the foundation), לבסס (establish, found, ground, predicate), תושבת (basis, chassis, foundation, pedestal, undercarriage), תחתית (bottom, saucer, subway), שפל (degeneration, ebb, humble, indolent, lousy, low, low down, low tide, lowliness, mean, mean-spirited, meek, minimum, miscreant, ornery, recession, scabby, scamp, shabby, sordid, vile), אדן (footplate, foundation, pedestal, plinth, sleeper, socket of a column), בסיס (basis, foundation, fundament, pedestal, plinth), רגל (foot, leg), נקודת מוצא (point of departure). (various references) | |
Hungarian | bázis (basis), alap (basis, bedrock, bottom, cause, chief, claim, footing, foundation, foundations, fund, grounding, groundwork, main, Patten, principle, substrate, substructure), támaszpont (basis, beach-head, bridgehead, bridge-head, fulcrum, standing-ground), kiindulópont (head, starting point, starting-point), közönséges (coarse, common, commonplace, dismal, garden-variety, normal, ordinary, pig, plebeian, scummy, scurvied, trite, vulgar, wonted). (various references) | |
Indonesian | bidai (bamboo, basket work, splint), sila (basic), pengalas, kaki (foot, leg, paw), jelek (bad, badly, disreputable, ugly, worse), cendala (low, mean), alas (coaster, covering, foundation, layer). (various references) | |
Italian | base (basic, basis, foot, foundation, ground, groundwork, plinth, scaffolding, standard, station, stock), fondare (base oneself, build, erect, establish, found, ground, ground floor, set up), basare (base oneself, be founded, found, ground). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 卑劣 (cowardly, foul play, mean), 卑しい (greedy, humble, mean, shabby, vile, vulgar), 下劣 (mean, vulgar). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ほんきょ (headquarters, inner citadel, stronghold), ていへん, ていすう (constant, radix), げれつ (mean, vulgar), やひ (mean, meanness, vulgar, vulgarity), るい (class, evil influence, family, genus, implication, involvement, kind, sort, thin, trouble, weak), キャンバス (canvas), こんげん (foundation, origin, principle, root, source), こんぽん (foundation, origin, principle, root, source), こんきょち, いやしい (greedy, humble, mean, shabby, vile, vulgar), えんき (adjournment, pair of compasses, postponement), ほんるい (home plate, main fort, stronghold), ベース (bass), ほんきょち (headquarters, inner citadel, stronghold), つけね (crotch, joint, root, the bid, the offer), どだい (basis, foundation), ひれつ (cowardly, foul play, mean), きち (already known, correct, dangerous position, extraordinary wisdom, healthy, perception, peril, resources, tact, understanding, well-known, wit, your place), きてい (default, established, ground, inn, inner rules, launch, official regulations, provisions, regulation, restaurant), ねもと (foundation, origin, principle, root, source), しんすう, きょてん (point, position), きぶ (foundation), バーゼ , かとう (excessive, exorbitant, flexible, fructose, fruit sugar, inferior, light case of smallpox, low grade, lower class, sweetened, sweetening, vulgar). (various references) | |
Korean | 기초 형성 (base-forming), 기초 법원 (Base-court), 기초 가열기 (Base-burner). (various references) | |
Manx | undin (basis, footing, footings, foundation, rock bottom), soieaghey er grunt, gruntal (bottom, bottom as fishing, found), bun-ynnyd, bun (basis, bottom, derivation, details, dope, end, explanation, eye of storm, foot, foundation, heart, interpretation, news, origin, original, prime, principle, raw material, root, root cause, sole, source, stem, stool, stump, underneath), balley (farmstead, home, town). (various references) | |
Papiamen | baho (abject, low, nasty, vile). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | asebay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | base (basis, bed, foot, foothold, foundation, founding, fund, fundamental, ground, grounding, groundwork, hornbook, patten, pedestal, principle, radical, root, sabot, seat, sinew, sole, stool, substruction, substructure). (various references) | |
Romanian | baza (ground), bazã (alkali, bases, basis, bottom, footing, foundation, foundation stone, ground, groundwork, measured mile, root, sole, support), motiva (ground, justify, motivate, motive), clãdi (build, construct, erect, form, found, groin, ground, throw out), comun (banal, common, communal, current, everyday, frequent, general, joint, low, mediocre, mutual, ordinary, rife, universal, usual, vulgar), de bazã (basic, Cardinal, indispensable, principal), de rând (common, mean, small, vulgar), esenţã (being, bottom, content, core, cream, essence, essential, extract, gist, kernel, kind, marrow, materiality, meat, pith, quiddity, quintessence, substance, sum), fals (apparent, artificial, bad, bogus, cant, colourable, counterfeit, deceitful, double dealing, dud, dummy, erroneous, erroneously, error, factitious, fake, false, falsehood, feigned, flash, forged, forgery, fraud, glossy, hollow, hollow-hearted, imitation, imposture, insincere, lying, mendacious, mistaken, mock, painted, phony, plugged, reprobate, sham, spurious, sugary, tinsel, treacherous, trumpery, truthless, two faced, unnatural, unnaturally, untrue, wrong, wrongfully), fundament (basis, foundation, ground, groundwork), fundamental (basic, basically, capital, essential, fundamental, fundamentally, main, prime, principal, ultimate, vital), ignobil, inferior (below the mark, bottom, coarse, feeble, inferior, less, lesser, lower, mean, Nether, penny-a-line, second, subordinate, under), întemeia (create, erect, establish, form, found, institute, organize, set out, underlain), meschin (basely, base-spirited, costive, hen-hearted, illiberal, little, low down, mean, mercantile, nasty, paltrily, paltry, peddling, pettily, petty, shabby, small, sneaky, sordid, stingy, trivial), vulgar (broad, churlish, coarse, common, gross, large, low, low-lived, unrefined, vile, vulgar, vulgarly), murdar (basely, bawdy, dingy, dirty, dungy, filthy, foul, foully, frowzy, greasy, grimy, grubby, impure, mangy, messy, nasty, piggish, piggy, poky, scurrilous, seedy, shabby, slimy, slovenly, smeary, smutty, soppy, sordid, sordidly, squalid, Tarry, thick, unclean, untidy), nelegitim (baseborn, bastard, born on the wrong side of the blanket, illegitimate, irregular, misbegotten), nemernic (cad, caitiff, felon, foul, rascal, rascally, reprobate, scamp, scoundrel, sneak, sneaking, son of a gun, villain, wretch, wretched), picior (foot, joint, leg, paw, peg, shoulder, stalk, stem, toe), piedestal (dado, foot, leg, pedestal, plinth), pune bazele, rãdãcinã (race, radical, radix, root), soclu (bed, bottom, dado, footing, pedestal, socle, truss), spurcat (dirty, filthy, foul, foul-mouthed, soiled, vile), talpã (basis, hob, runner, shoe, slipper, sole), temei (basis, bottom, depth, ground, grounding, rudiment, spring), temelie (basement, bases, basis, foundation, ground, groundwork, substruction), ticãlos (a bad egg, cad, canting, cur, dark, dirty, felon, foul, heel, hound, impious, kite, knave, knavish, knavishly, low-minded, mean, meanly, miscreant, paltry, perverse, picaroon, rapscallion, rascal, rascally, recreant, reprobate, ruffian, scab, scabby, scamp, scoundrel, scurvy, serpentine, shabby, skunk, sneak, sneaking, vile, villain, villainous, wretch, wretched), josnic (abject, base-minded, despicable, dirty, grovelling, grubby, infamous, little, low, low-minded, mean, meanly, nasty, paltry, scurrilous, scurvy, shabby, slavish, sordid, sordidly, vile). (various references) | |
Russian | базировать. (various references) | |
Scottish | truilleach (a dirty or base person), ruighe (an arm, the outstretched part or base of a mountain). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | bazirati, baza (alkali, basis), zasnovati (establish, found), zasnivati (bottom, establish), uporište (foothold, powerpoint, standfast, stronghold, strongpoint), temelj (basis, bedrock, foundation, fundament, substruction), prosti metali, podloga (bolster, cradle, groundwork, pad), osnovni (basal, basic, elementary, fundamental, institutional, key, no-frills, primal, primary, prime, primordial, underlying), osnovica, osnova (basis, bottom, footing, foundation, grassroots, ground, plane, radix, stem, substruction, warp), osnov (element, reason, rudiment), nizak (low, low-, lowly, low-pitched, short, vile), nedostojan (bad, undeserving, unworthy, worthless). (various references) | |
Spanish | base (basis, bedrock, crutch, foot, footing, foundation, fund, ground, Mount, mounting, radices, radix, rest, substruction), pie (bottom, butt, catchword, f, foot, footing, haunch, leg, paw, stalk, stem), fundar (endow, erect, establish, form, found, institute, justify, launch, promote, set up, start), basar (bottom, build on, establish, found, predicate, set up). (various references) | |
Swedish | nedrig (abject, infamous, lousy, low, nasty, scurvy, vile), bas (basis, bass, basso, boss, foreman, foundation, gaffer, top dog), sockel (dado, pedestal, plinth, socle), gemen (accustomed, currish, customary, dirty, filthy, foul, friendly, ignoble, infamous, low, low down, lowercase, low-minded, mean, odious, scurvy, sociable, used to, usual, wicked, wonted), basera (found). (various references) | |
Thai | พื้นฐาน (basal, basic, simple), ฐานทัพ, ต่ำช้า, วางรากฐาน, ประจำการ, คุณภาพไม่ดี, ด่าง, มาจากรากฐาน, จุดศูนย์กลาง (epicenter, hub, navel). (various references) | |
Turkish | alçak (abandoned, abject, baseborn, blackguard, contemptible, cowardly, dastardly, heel, humble, ignoble, lousy, low, low down, lowrise, misbegotten, nasty, nefarious, no good, rascally, ravisher, recreant, scoundrel, scoundrelly, short, sneak, sneaking, sneaky, sordid, squat, swab, swob, vile, villainous). (various references) | |
Turkmen | baza (r) (foundation), tyl (rear), esas (basis), dьяp (bottom, root). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | базис (base line, basis, bed-rock), дно (bottom, floor), нижній (bottom, downmost, downstairs, lower, nethermore, under, underneath), зіпсований (addle, adulterated, bad, corrupt, debauched, decadent, deformed, degenerate, miscreant, naughty, out of order, spoilt, unsound, wrong), засновувати (build, charter, constitute, establish, institute, promote, set up, start), закладати фундамент, базувати, низькопробний (penny-a-line, tabloid), база (nest, substruction), низькорослий (cobby, runty, sawn-off, scrubby, stunted), підстава (account, basis, cause, ground, occasion, reason, warranty), підвалина (basement), підошва (sole), підлий (babylonian, base-born, beggarly, caddish, caitiff, cheap, dastard, dastardly, dishonorable, dishonourable, grimy, hangdog, hoggish, ignoble, low down, mean-spirited, nefarious, niddering, picayune, rascal, reprobate, scabbed, scoundrel, scummy, scurvy, small, sneaking, sneaky, vile, yellow dog), простонародний (non-u, racy of the soil, rascal), примусовий (coercive, compulsive, compulsory, forced), п'єдестал (pedestal, socle), базовий, основа (backbone, basement, bases, basis, bottom, carcass, chain, foot, groundwork, pedestal, pediment, principle, root, source, substratum, substructure, underlay), рабський (servile), цоколь (dado, plinth, socket, socle), фундамент (basement, basis, bedding, bottom, footing, foundation, ground, groundwork, substruction, substructure), фальшивий (bad, bastard, bogus, counterfeit, double-minded, faked, false, falsified, feigned, flash, off-key, phoney, phony, pinchbeck, plugged, pseudo, queer, sheeny, wrong), штатив (rack), грубий (abrupt, artless, barbaresque, barbaric, bearish, boarish, broad, brusque, brute, caddish, chuffy, churlish, clownish, clumsy, coarse, coarse grained, crass, crude, gross, hard boiled, homely, ill bred, knockabout, offhand, plebeian, primitive, ribald, rough, rough spoken, rude, scratchy, shaggy, surly, swinish, truculent, uncouth), низький (bass, dirty, low, low down, niddering, short), основний (basal, basic, basilar, capital, central, chief, first, foremost, fundamental, key, main, master, organic, primary, primitive, principal, quintessence, radical, staple, substantial, ultimate, underlying), розміщувати війська, обгрунтовувати (found, put), опорний пункт (key point, rampart, stronghold), негучний, невисокий (low, lowly), незаконний (bastard, illegal, illegitimate, illicit, irregular, lawless, undue, unlawful, unwarranted), неблагородний, неповноцінний (bastard, inadequate), основний момент (highlight). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | quỵ luỵ thường, nền tảng (corner-stone, foundation), nền móng đáy, nền (platform, substruction, substructure, tasty), hèn hạ (abject, basely, blithering, despicable, dirtily, dirty, dishonourable, meanly, picayune, poor, scabbily, scurvy, shabby, vile), cơ sở (basal, corner-stone, foundation, fundament, fundamental, groundwork, underlying), đê tiện; khúm núm (basely). (various references) | |
Welsh | bo+n (bottom, breech, stump), sylfaenu (found), sylfaen (basis, foundation), seilio (found, ground), sail (basis, foundation), isel (depressed, humble, low), gwael (bad, ill, poor, poorly, sick, vile), gau (bogus, false), distadl (abject, insignificant, low, mean), diffaith (desert, mean, waste, wilderness), anwych (wretched). (various references) | |
Yucatec | haal (basis, border, brim, brink, edge, edging, fringe, rim, side), chun (basis, beginning, commencement, lineage, origin, start, stem, trunk). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Sumerian | 3100 BCE-2500 BCE | ur, u. (various references) |
| Greek | 700 BCE-300 CE | basis, hypothesis. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | basara, base, basem, bases, basesque, basi, basiae, basibus, basim, basis, basium, crepidine, crepidinem, crepidinis, crepido, cubile, cubili, cubilia, cubilibus, cubilis, humile, humilem, humiles, humili, humilia, humilibus, humilior, humiliora, humiliorem, humiliores, humilis, humilium, humillima, radice, radicem, radices, radicibus, radicis, radicum, radix, reproba, reprobi, reprobum, reprobus, sordida, sordidam, sordidis, sordido, sordidos, sordidum, substructio, turpe, turpem, turpis, turpissima, turpissimum, vilis. (various references) |
| Late Latin | 300-700 | bassus. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Acts Chapter 16, Verse 26 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Afnw de seismoV egeneto megaV wste saleuqhnai ta qemelia tou desmwthriou anewcqhsan te paracrhma ai qurai pasai kai pantwn ta desma aneqh |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Subito vero terraemotus factus est magnus ita ut moverentur fundamenta carceris et aperta sunt statim ostia omnia et universorum vincula soluta sunt |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And sudenli a greet erthe mouyng was maad, so that the foundementis of the prisoun weren moued. And anoon alle the doris weren openyd, and the boondis of alle weren lousid. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | And sodenly ther was a greate erth quake so that ye fonndacion of the preson was shaken and by and by all the dores opened and every mannes bondes were lowsed. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And suddenly there was a great earthquake, so that the foundations of the prison were shaken: and immediately all the doors were opened, and every one's bands were loosed. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And suddenly there was a great earthquake, so that the foundations of the prison were shaken: and immediately all the doors were opened, and every one's bands were loosed. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And suddenly there was an earth-shock, so that the base of the prison was moved: and all the doors came open, and everyone's chains came off. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Acts Chapter 16, Verse 26 |
| Albanian | Befas u bë një tërmet i madh, saqë u tundën themelet e burgut; dhe në atë çast u hapën të gjitha dyert dhe të gjithëve iu zgjidhën prangat. |
| Cebuano | Ug sa kalit miabut ang usa ka makusog nga linog, nga tungod niana nauyog ang mga patukoranan sa bilanggoan; ug dihadiha naabli ang tanang pultahan ug nangatangtang ang mga talikala sa matag-usa. |
| Croatian | Odjednom nasta potres velik te se poljuljaše temelji zatvora, umah se otvoriše sva vrata, i svima spadoše okovi. |
| Danish | Men pludseligt kom der et stort Jordskælv, så at Fængselets Grundvolde rystede, og straks åbnedes alle Dørene, og alles Lænker løstes. |
| Dutch | En er geschiedde snellijk een grote aardbeving, alzo dat de fundamenten des kerkers bewogen werden; en terstond werden al de deuren geopend, en de banden van allen werden los. |
| Finnish | Silloin tapahtui yhtäkkiä suuri maanjäristys, niin että vankilan perustukset järkkyivät, ja samassa kaikki ovet aukenivat, ja kaikkien kahleet irtautuivat. |
| French | Tout à coup il se fit un grand tremblement de terre, en sorte que les fondements de la prison furent ébranlés; au même instant, toutes les portes s`ouvrirent, et les liens de tous les prisonniers furent rompus. |
| German | Schnell aber ward ein großes Erdbeben, also daß sich bewegten die Grundfesten des Gefängnisses. Und von Stund an wurden alle Türen aufgetan und aller Bande los. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Tiba-tiba terjadi gempa bumi yang hebat sekali, sampai pondasi penjara itu pun turut bergoncang. Semua pintu penjara terbuka dan rantai-rantai yang membelenggu semua orang tahanan pun terlepas. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Maka dengan sekonyong-konyong timbullah suatu gempa bumi yang besar sehingga berguncang kaki tembok penjara itu. Dengan seketika itu juga terbukalah segala pintu, dan belenggu sekalian orang itu pun terlucutlah. |
| Italian | D'improvviso venne un terremoto così forte che furono scosse le fondamenta della prigione; subito tutte le porte si aprirono e si sciolsero le catene di tutti. |
| Latvian | Piepeði notika liela zemestrîce, tâ ka cietuma pamati sakustçjâs; un tûdaï visas durvis atvçrâs, un visu vaþas atraisîjâs. |
| Maori | Na ka pa whakarere he ru nui, i ngarue ai nga turanga o te whare herehere: a puare tonu atu nga tatau katoa, whakakorokoroa ana nga herenga o nga tangata katoa. |
| Norwegian | Da kom det med ett et sterkt jordskjelv, så fengslets grunnvoller rystet, og straks sprang alle dører op, og alles lenker løstes. |
| Portuguese | De repente houve um tão grande terremoto que foram abalados os alicerces do cárcere, e logo se abriram todas as portas e foram soltos os grilhões de todos. |
| Rumanian | Deodatq, s`a fqcut un mare cutremur de pqmknt, awa cq s`au clqtinat temeliile temniyei. Kndatq, s`au deschis toate uwile, wi s`au deslegat legqturile fiecqruia. |
| Russian | чДТХЗ УДЕМБМПУШ ЧЕМЙЛПЕ ЪЕНМЕФТСУЕОЙЕ, ФБЛ ЮФП РПЛПМЕВБМПУШ ПУОПЧБОЙЕ ФЕНОЙГЩ; ФПФЮБУ ПФЧПТЙМЙУШ ЧУЕ ДЧЕТЙ, Й Х ЧУЕИ ХЪЩ ПУМБВЕМЙ. |
| Shuar | Tu pujuiniai aya aneachma ti kakantar uurkamiayi. Tura sepusha muchitramiayi. Túrunamtai Sepú Wáitirisha Ashí urantrarmiayi. Tura aents jirujai enkekar jinkiamusha mash atiniakarmiayi. |
| Spanish | Entonces, de repente sobrevino un fuerte terremoto, de manera que los cimientos de la cárcel fueron sacudidos. Al instante, todas las puertas se abrieron, y las cadenas de todos se soltaron. |
| Swahili | Ghafla, kulitokea mtetemeko mkuu wa ardhi ambao uliitikisa misingi ya gereza. Mara, milango yote ikafunguka na minyororo iliyowafunga hao wafungwa ikaachana. |
| Swedish | Då kom plötsligt en stark jordstöt, så att fängelsets grundvalar skakades; och i detsamma öppnades alla dörrar, och allas bojor löstes. |
| Uma | Nto'u toe, muu-mule' ria ncorobaa linu bohe, alaa-na parawatu tarungku' toe molengo. Kaliliu mobea hawe'ea wobo', pai' mobongka moto-mi rante to rahoo' -raka hawe'ea to ratarungku'. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "base": baseball, baseballs, baseboard, baseboards, baseborn, based, baseless, baseline, baseliner, baseliners, baselines, basely, baseman, basemen, basement, basementless, basements, baseness, basenesses, basenji, basenjis, baser, baserunning, baserunnings, bases, basest. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "base": abase, database, debase, diabase, firebase, freebase, kilobase, postbase, rheobase, subbase, surbase, wheelbase. (additional references) | |
Words containing "base": abased, abasedly, abasement, abasements, abaser, abasers, abases, anabases, databases, debased, debasement, debasements, debaser, debasers, debases, diabases, firebases, freebased, freebaser, freebasers, freebases, kilobases, rheobases, subbasement, subbasements, subbases, surbased, surbases, unbased, wheelbases. (additional references) | |
| |
"Base" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Absey, Absu, baaz, bacee, baci, Bacie, bae, baeej, baie, baise, Baje, Bajee, Baksay, bamsa, bape, Barse, Barsi, basa, basag, basam, Basden, baseej, basen, baset, basey, basf, bashen, basia, baske, Basm, baso, basow, basq, basqe, Bassa, basse, Bassee, Bassem, Bassi, bassij, bassy, basw, basx, Batse, bause, bave, bawe, bawse, baxe, baz, baze, Bazen, bazeu, bazi, Bcas, bdafsa, bease, Beese, besa, besi, beso, Besse, Beze, bhsai, Bhsi, biase, Biasi, biqe, Bisdee, Bisi, biso, Bissex, Bnsa, bosce, bose, bosse, Bpas, bpsa, brase, bsa, Bsaa, bse, Bsec, Buabse, buase, buse, jase, kase, qasem, zase. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "base" (pronounced bā"s) |
| 3 | b ā" s | debase. |
| 2 | -ā" s | Ace, apace, brace, case, chase, dace, deface, disgrace, displace, efface, embrace, encase, erase, face, glace, grace, incase, interlace, lace, Mace, misplace, pace, place, race, replace, retrace, space, trace, vase. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: sabe. | |
| Words within the letters "a-b-e-s" | |
-1 letter: abs, bas, sab, sae, sea. | |
-2 letters: ab, ae, as, ba, be, es. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-b-e-s" | |
+1 letter: abase, abbes, abets, ables, abuse, abyes, babes, bakes, bales, banes, bares, based, baser, bases, baste, bates, beads, beaks, beams, beans, bears, beast, beats, beaus, bemas, betas, blase, braes, mabes, nabes, sabed, saber, sabes, sable, sabre, tabes. | |
+2 letters: abased, abaser, abases, abates, abbess, abbeys, abeles, abides, ablest, abodes, aboves, abseil, absent, abused, abuser, abuses, adobes, ambers, ambles, amebas, ardebs, baases, babels, babies, baches, badges, bagels, baizes, bakers, balers, barbes, bardes, barest, barges, barres, baryes, basely, basest, bashed, basher, bashes, basked, basket, basque, basses, basset, basted, baster, bastes, bathes, beanos, beards, beasts, beauts, becaps, belays, belgas, bettas, biased, biases, blades, blames, blares, blazes, bleaks, blears, bleats, boheas, braces, braise, brakes, braves, brazes, breads, breaks, breams, breast, bursae, cabers, cables, ceibas, daubes, debars, debase, embars, embays, fables, gabies, gables, gambes, jambes, kebabs, kebars, labels, maybes, obeahs, rabies, rebars, rehabs, sabbed, sabers, sabine, sables, sabred, sabres, seabag, seabed, serdab, stable, suable, subsea, tabers, tables, usable, yerbas, zebras. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Fiction 12. Quotations: Non-fiction | 13. Quotations: Spoken 14. Quotations: Speeches 15. Usage Frequency 16. Names: Frequency | 17. Names: Derived from 18. Names: Company Usage 19. Expressions 20. Expressions: Internet | 21. Translations: Modern 22. Translations: Ancient 23. Bible Trace 24. Abbreviations | 25. Acronyms 26. Derivations 27. Rhymes 28. Anagrams | 29. Bibliography |
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