Backbone

Definitions: Backbone

Backbone

Noun

1. A central cohesive source of support and stability: "faith is his anchor"; "he is the linchpin of this firm".

2. (informal) fortitude and determination; "he didn't have the guts to try it".

3. The series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord; "the fall broke his back".

4. A computer network that connects other computer networks.

Date "backbone" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1050. (references)

Domain	Definitions
Computing	Backbone The top level in a hierarchical network. Stub networks and transit networks which connect to the same backbone are guaranteed to be interconnected. See also: Internet backbone. (1998-07-02). Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing.
Electrical Engineering	The function of a duck's back-bone is to provide a reference by connecting it to waves of opposite phase. Source: European Union. (references)
	A core network that carries traffic originating network from and destined for other networks. Source: European Union. (references)
Literature	Backbone (The) The main stay. "Sober ...practical men ... constitute the moral backbone of the country." - W Booth: In Darkest England (Part i. 2, p. 17). To the backbone. Thoroughly, as true to the backbone. "A union man, and a nationalist to the backbone." - T. Roosevelt: T. H. Benton , chap. v. p. 113. Source: Brewer's Dictionary.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

In general usage, the "backbone" is a synonym for the spine of an animal.
In telecommunication, the term backbone has the following meanings:

The high-traffic-density connectivity portion of any communications network.
In packet-switched networks, a primary forward-direction path traced sequentially through two or more major relay or switching stations.

In packet-switched networks, a backbone consists primarily of switches and interswitch trunks.

Source: from Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL-STD-188

Synonyms: Backbone

Synonyms: anchor (n), back (n), grit (n), gumption (n), guts (n), linchpin (n), lynchpin (n), mainstay (n), moxie (n), rachis (n), sand (n), spinal column (n), spine (n), vertebral column (n). (additional references)

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Affections	Soul, heart, breast, bosom, inner man; heart's core, heart's strings, heart's blood; heart of hearts, bottom of one's heart, penetralia mentis; secret and inmost recesses of the heart, cockles of one's heart; inmost heart, inmost soul; backbone.
Centrality	Core, kernel; nucleus, nucleolus; heart, pole axis, bull's eye; nave, navel; umbilicus, backbone, marrow, pith; vertebra, vertebral column; hotbed; concentration; (convergence); centralization; symmetry.
Completeness	Adverb: completely; Adjective: altogether, outright, wholly, totally, in toto, quite; all out; over head and ears; effectually, for good and all, nicely, fully, through thick and thin, head and shoulders; neck and heel, neck and crop; in all respects, in every respect; at all points, out and out, to all intents and purposes; toto coelo; utterly; clean, clean as a whistle; to the full, to the utmost, to the backbone; hollow, stark; heart and soul, root and branch, down to the ground.
Courage	Manliness, manhood; nerve, pluck, mettle, game; heart, heart of grace; spunk, guts, face, virtue, hardihood, fortitude, intestinal fortitude; firmness; (stability); heart of oak; bottom, backbone, spine; (perseverance) a. resolution; (determination); bulldog courage.
Interiority	Contents; substance, pith, marrow; backbone; (center); heart, bosom, breast; abdomen; vitals, viscera, entrails, bowels, belly, intestines, guts, chitterings, womb, lap; penetralia, recesses, innermost recesses; cave; (concavity).
Intrinsicality	Noun: intrinsicality, inbeing, inherence, inhesion; subjectiveness; ego; egohood; essence, noumenon; essentialness; Adjective: essential part, quintessence, incarnation, quiddity, gist, pith, marrow, core, sap, lifeblood, backbone, heart, soul; important part; (importance).
Perseverance	Bottom, game, pluck, stamina, backbone, grit; indefatigability, indefatigableness; bulldog courage.
Resolution	Noun: determination, will; iron will, unconquerable will; will of one's own, decision, resolution; backbone; clear grit, true grit, grit; sand, strength of mind, strength of will; resolve; (intent); firmness; (stability); energy, manliness, vigor; game, pluck; resoluteness; (courage); zeal; aplomb; desperation; devotion, devotedness.
	Adjective: resolved; Verb: determined; strong-willed, strong-minded; resolute; (brave); self-possessed; decided, definitive, peremptory, tranchant; unhesitating, unflinching, unshrinking; firm, iron, gritty, indomitable, game to the backbone; inexorable, relentless, not to be shaken, not to be put down; tenax propositi; inflexible; (hard); obstinate; steady; (persevering) a.
Support	Columella, backbone; keystone; axle, axletree; axis; arch, mainstay.
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	I have more responsibility here than you could possibly fathom. You weep for Santiago, and you curse the marines. You have that luxury. You have the luxury of not knowing what I know. That Santiago's death, while tragic, probably saved lives. And that my existence, while grotesque and incomprehensible to you, saves lives. I know deep down in places you dont talk about at parties, you don't want me on that wall, you need me on that wall. We use words like honor, code, loyalty. We use these words as the backbone of a life spent defending something. (A Few Good Men; writing credit: Aaron Sorkin) C'mon, show a little backbone, will ya? (Raiders of the Lost Ark; writing credit: George Lucas; Philip Kaufman)
Lyrics	First you try to bed me you make my backbone slide ("THE STROKE"; performing artist: Billy Squier)
Movie/TV Titles	Backbone (1923)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Domain	Title
Books	Backbone of the Wehrmacht German Kar98K Rifle, 1934-45 (reference) Biking Across the Devil's Backbone (reference) Breaking the Backbone of the Rebellion (reference) Building a Better Backbone [DOWNLOAD: PDF] (reference) Devil's Backbone (reference) (more book examples)

Periodicals	Backbone (reference) (more periodical examples)

Theater & Movies	The Devil's Backbone (reference) Backbone of Night/Travels in Space (reference) Backbone of the Night (reference) (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Music	Backbone (reference) Let Your Backbone Slip (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Title	Author	Quote
Les Miserables	Hugo, Victor	His soft, wavering, disjointed, diseased, deformed ideas, attached themselves to Enjolras as to a backbone.
Grapes of Wrath	Steinbeck, John	And he stepped to a pig, cut a line down one side of the backbone and began peeling the meat forward, off the ribs.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		Roundworms, or nematodes, are a group of invertebrates (animals having no backbone) with long, round bodies. (references)
		In either instance, it is very important that the patient be in a tight ball so the lower back is rounded and the backbone projects backward. (references)
Business		In 1998 exports, particularly to other European countries, continued to form the backbone of German growth. (references)
		The oil and gas sector (along with the coffee sector) will continue to be the backbone of the Colombian economy. (references)
		Maize is cultivated over nearly half of the arable land surface, and forms the backbone of the country's agricultural industry. (references)
Economic History	Pakistan	II. Comments: Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan's economy. (references)
	Lebanon	Tourism was the Lebanese economy's backbone before the civil war. (references)
	Pakistan	It owns a PDH based fiber optic backbone transmission network in the country. (references)
Indigenous People	Jordan	The country's indigenous people, nomadic Bedouin and East Bank town-dwellers, traditionally have been the backbone of popular support for the Hashemite monarchy. (references)
Political Economy	Colombia	Traditionally, the Liberal and Conservative parties have been the backbone of Colombian democracy. (references)
Lexicography	Devil's Dictionary	TORTOISE, n. A creature thoughtfully created to supply occasion for the following lines by the illustrious Ambat Delaso: TO MY PET TORTOISE My friend, you are not graceful -- not at all; Your gait's between a stagger and a sprawl. Nor are you beautiful: your head's a snake's To look at, and I do not doubt it aches. As to your feet, they'd make an angel weep. 'Tis true you take them in whene'er you sleep. No, you're not pretty, but you have, I own, A certain firmness -- mostly you're [sic] backbone. Firmness and strength (you have a giant's thews) Are virtues that the great know how to use -- I wish that they did not; yet, on the whole, You lack -- excuse my mentioning it -- Soul. So, to be candid, unreserved and true, I'd rather you were I than I were you. Perhaps, however, in a time to be, When Man's extinct, a better world may see Your progeny in power and control, Due to the genesis and growth of Soul. So I salute you as a reptile grand Predestined to regenerate the land. Father of Possibilities, O deign To accept the homage of a dying reign! In the far region of the unforeknown I dream a tortoise upon every throne. I see an Emperor his head withdraw Into his carapace for fear of Law; A King who carries something else than fat, Howe'er acceptably he carries that; A President not strenuously bent On punishment of audible dissent -- Who never shot (it were a vain attack) An armed or unarmed tortoise in the back; Subject and citizens that feel no need To make the March of Mind a wild stampede; All progress slow, contemplative, sedate, And "Take your time" the word, in Church and State. O Tortoise, 'tis a happy, happy dream, My glorious testudinous regime! I wish in Eden you'd brought this about By slouching in and chasing Adam out.
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

"Backbone" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.43% of the time. "Backbone" is used about 353 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	99.43%	351	15,240
Lexical Verb (infinitive)	0.28%	1	339,140
Lexical Verb (base form)	0.28%	1	339,140
Total	100.00%	353	N/A

The following table summarizes the usage of "backbone" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified.

Name	Usage/Gender	Usage per 100 million Persons	Rank in USA
Backbone	Last name	100	75,296
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

Expressions using "backbone": backbone cabal ♦ backbone site ♦ collapsed backbone ♦ english to the backbone ♦ he has no backbone ♦ internet backbone ♦ multicast backbone ♦ peptide backbone ♦ to the backbone ♦ want of backbone. Additional references.
Hypenated Usage
	Ending with "backbone": protein-backbone.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Language		Translations for "backbone"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Albanian		thelb (burden, core, crux, essence, essentiality, gist, guts, heart, hinge, kernel, marrow, marrowbone, matter, nub, pith, point, soul, substance, sum, tenor), shtyllë kurrizore (spine), shtyllë (bankseat, bearing, column, mainstay, pile, pillar, pole, post, staff, stanchion, standard, stock, tower), kollqe, kockë (bone, ossicle), forcë karakteri. (various references)

Arabic		‏لب (core, gist, heart, marrow, pith), ‏العمود الفقري (back bone, spine, vertebral column), ‏الجزء الأهم, ‏الأساس (basis, corner stone, fundamental, radix, raft), ‏شوكة (barb, fang, goad, pricket, prickle, spine, spur, thorn). (various references)

Bulgarian		гръбнак (spine). (various references)

Chinese		骨幹 (diaphysis), 膂 (strength), 脊骨 , � �樑柱 (pillar), 中坚, 主幹線 . (various references)

Czech		páteř (ridge, spine, vertebrae), opora (anchor, bulwark, buttress, foothold, footing, footling, pillar, prop, staff). (various references)

Danish		basisnet, backbone, rygsoejle (spinal column), rygraden (spine, vertebral column), rygrad (spine), hvirvelsoejlen (spina, spine, vertebral column), fælles aksel (spine), columna vertebralis (spine, vertebral column). (various references)

Dutch		backbone, wervelkolom (spinal column, spine, vertebral column), steunstaaf, ruggegraat (solid, spine, vertebral column), rhachis (spine, vertebral column), hoofdketen (main chain), columna vertebralis (spine, vertebral column), columna spinalis (spine, vertebral column). (various references)

Farsi		پشت (Abaft, Backside, Rear), تیره ء پشت , ستون فقرات (Spine), استقامت (Assiduity, Perseverance, Stamina), استواری (Constancy, Solidity), استحکام (Consistency, Granite, Grit, Rigidity, Solidity, Stability, Strength, Substance). (various references)

Finnish		selkäranka (spinal column, spine). (various references)

French		colonne vertébrale. (various references)

German		rückgrat (grit, solid, spinal, spine). (various references)

Greek		σπονδυλική στήλη (axial skeleton, chine, spinal column, spine, vertebral columm, vertebral column). (various references)

Hebrew		לוח �"ש�"ר�" (spinal column), שזר�" (spine). (various references)

Hungarian		hátgerinc (spine, vertebrae). (various references)

Indonesian		tulang punggung (back-bone, chine), tulang belakang (vertebra). (various references)

Italian		colonna vertebrale (spinal column, spine, vertebral column), spina dorsale (back, Chine, spinal column, spine, vertebral column). (various references)

Japanese Kanji		中枢 (central figure, centre, key man, mainstay, nucleus, pillar, pivot). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		バックボーン , き�"つ (eccentric, grit, skin and bones, soul, spirit), どしょうぼね (one's innate character, spirit), ほねっぷし (joint, spirit), せきりょう (admission fee, cover charge, desolateness, loneliness, mountain range, room rental), せぼね (spine), いくじ (childcare, guts, nursing, self-confidence, self-respect, upbringing), いきじ (guts, self-confidence, self-respect), いじ (appetite, disposition, ideogram, maintenance, medical practice, memories, obstinacy, order of rank, order of seating, orphan, preservation, reminiscences, spirit, willpower), は�"�"つのせいし�" (spirit of defiance), ちゅうすう (arithmetical mean, central figure, centre, key man, mainstay, nucleus, pillar, pivot), ちゅうけ�" (center field, center fielder, faithful dog, main body, mainstay, nucleus). (various references)

Korean		�"�뼈 (spine). (various references)

Manx		craue drommey (spinal column, spine). (various references)

Pig Latin		ackbonebay.(various references)

Portuguese		espinha dorsal (back, Chine, spine), coluna vertebral (axial skeleton, Chine, spinal column, spine, vertebral column). (various references)

Romanian		suflet (bosom, breast, breath, conscience, feeling, ghost, head, heart, inner man, Jack, life, life blood, man, mind, mortal, party, peppiness, soul, spirit), stâlp (adherent, column, pier, pilaster, pillar, pilot, post, prop, pylon, shaft, spile, staff, stake, stanchion, strut, stud, support, supporter, upholder), putere (authority, capacity, degree, depth, energy, force, greatness, hold, in, jurisdiction, keenness, masterdom, mastery, measure, might, mightiness, nerve, pith, potency, power, puissance, punch, reign, resistance, right, rulership, sap, stamina, steam, strength, sturdiness, sway, vigor, vigorousness, vigour, vim), motor principal, forţã motrice (dynamics), fermitate (consistence, consistency, decision, determination, firmness, fixedness, fixity, inflexibility, resoluteness, resolution, solidity, staunchness, steadfastness, steadiness, stiffness, stoutness, sturdiness), energie (activity, bottom, briskness, drive, energy, force, gimp, go, gumption, might, nerve, pep, pepper, peppiness, pith, pithiness, power, punch, sap, snap, soul, spirit, spunk, strength, vigor, vigour, vim, virtue, zip), şira spinãrii (Chine, spine). (various references)

Russian		суть (burden, core, cruces, crux, gist, heart, marrowbone, nub, pith), спинной хребет (spinal column), основа (base, basics, basis, essentials, framework, fundamentals, grassroots, groundwork, medulla, pivot, rudiments, warp), позвоночник (rachis, spine, spines, vertebrae). (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		oslonac (backing, hold, rest, standfast, support, supporter), kičma (spine), jak karakter, hrbat (loin, withers). (various references)

Spanish		espinazo (backbones, chine, spine), lomo (back, bulk, loin, ridge, saddle, sirloin, Spine, thickness), columna vertebral (axial skeleton, spinal column, spine, vertebral column). (various references)

Swedish		ryggrad (Chine, spinal column, spine). (various references)

Turkish		belkemiği (back, basis, Chine, rachis, spinal, spinal coloumn, spine, vertebral column), temel (abecederian, back drop, basal, base, basic, basis, bed, bottom, bread and butter, constitutive, corner stone, elemental, elementary, footing, fortification, foundation, fundament, fundamental, grass roots, ground, ground form, groundwork, guiding, hard pan, keystone, parent, pedestal, primary, principal, root, rudimental, rudimentary, socle, staple, substratum, substructure, underlying, working), omurga (Carina, Chine, keel, rachis, spinal coloumn, spine, vertebrae, vertebral column), metanet (earthiness, fortitude, grit, resistance, resoluteness, solidity, steadfastness, steadiness, sturdiness), karakter kuvveti, karakter gücü, direk (atlas, beam, column, mast, pillar, pole, post, pylon, spar, stake, stanchion, stick, upright). (various references)

Ukranian		суть (alcohol, content, core, entity, essence, essential, existence, gist, hinge, inwardness, juice, kernel, marrow, marrowbone, matter, nature, net, nub, pith, point, quid, quiddity, quintessence, self, soul, spirit, substance), спинний хребет (back), сила волі (volition), хребетний стовп (spine-bone), основа (base, basement, bases, basis, bottom, carcass, chain, foot, groundwork, pedestal, pediment, principle, root, source, substratum, substructure, underlay). (various references)

Vietnamese		sức mạnh chính cống, ho� n to� n (all, all right, all-in-all, altogether, clean, completely, consummate, due, full, fully, heartily, hilt, hollow, inch, out-and-out, outright, perfectly, profound, purely, quite, regular, sheer, stark, thorough, thoroughly, undivided, utter, utterly, wholly). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Language	Period	Translations
Latin	500 BCE-Modern	spina, spinae, spinam, spinarum, spinas, spinis. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Language	Date	Source	Leviticus Chapter 3, Verse 9
Greek (transliterated)	250 BC	Septuagint	Kai prosoisei apo thV qusiaV tou swthriou karpwma tw qew to stear kai thn osfun amwmon sun taiV yoaiV perielei auto kai to stear thV koiliaV
Latin	405	Vulgate	Et offerent de pacificorum hostia sacrificium Domino adipem et caudam totam
Middle English	1395	Wyclif	And thei shulen offre of the oost of pesible thingis a sacrifice to the Lord, talwy, and al the tail with the reynes,
Renaissance English	1526	Tyndale	And of the peaseoffringe they shall brynge a sacrifyce vnto the Lorde: the fatt there of ad the rompe altogether, which they shall take off harde by the backe bone: and the fatt that couereth the inwardes and all the fatt that is apon the inwardes
Jacobean English	1611	King James	And he shall offer of the sacrifice of the peace offering an offering made by fire unto the LORD; the fat thereof, and the whole rump, it shall he take off hard by the backbone; and the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat that is upon the inwards,
Victorian English	1833	Webster	And he shall offer of the sacrifice of the peace-offering an offering made by fire to the LORD: its fat, and the whole rump, that shall he take off hard by the back-bone; and the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat that is upon the inwards,
Basic English	1964	Ogden	And of the peace-offering, let him give an offering made by fire to the Lord; the fat of it, all the fat tail, he is to take away near the backbone; and the fat covering the inside parts and all the fat on the inside parts,
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Language	Leviticus Chapter 3, Verse 9
Bulgarian	И от примирителния принос нека принесе в жертва чрез огън �"осподу тлъстината му, цялата опашка, (която да извади чак от гръбнака), тлъстината, която покрива вътрешностите, и всичката тлъстина, която е върху вътрешностите,
Cebuano	Ug gikan sa halad sa mga halad-sa-pakigdait magahalad siya sa halad nga hinimo pinaagi sa kalayo alang kang Jehova; ang tambok niini, ang tibook ikog nga matambok, pagakuhaon niya sa gamut sa taludtod, ug ang tambok nga nagaputos sa mga tinae, ug ang tanan nga tambok nga anaa sa sulod sa lawas,
Chinese	從平安祭中、將火祭獻給耶 �'� 華．其中的脂油、 �'� 整肥尾巴、都要在 � 近脊骨處取下、並要把 �"� 臟的脂油、 �'� 臟上所有的脂油、
Croatian	Od žrtve prièesnice neka prinesu žrtvu paljenu Jahvi: njezin loj, cio pretili rep, otkinuvši ga tik uz hrptenjaèu; loj što omotava drobinu, sav loj što je oko drobine;
Danish	Så skal han af Takofferet som Ildoffer for HERREN frembære Fedtet, hele Fedthalen, skilt fra Rygraden, Fedtet, som dækker Indvoldene, og alt Fedtet på Indvoldene,
Dutch	Daarna zal hij van dat dankoffer een vuuroffer den HEERE offeren; zijn vet, den gehelen staart, dien hij dicht aan de ruggegraat zal afnemen, en het vet bedekkende het ingewand, en al het vet, dat aan het ingewand is;
Finnish	Ja hän tuokoon yhteysuhrista uhrina Herralle sen rasvan, koko rasvahännän, joka on irroitettava häntänikamista, sisälmyksiä peittävän rasvan ja kaiken sisälmysten rasvan
French	De ce sacrifice d`actions de grâces, il offrira en sacrifice consumé par le feu devant l`Éternel: la graisse, la queue entière, qu`il séparera près de l`échine, la graisse qui couvre les entrailles et toute celle qui y est attachée,
German	Und er soll also von dem Dankopfer dem HERRN opfern zum Feuer, nämlich sein Fett, den ganzen Schwanz, von dem Rücken abgerissen, dazu das Fett, welches das Eingeweide bedeckt, und alles Fett am Eingeweide,
Haitian Creole	Nan bèt yo ofri a, l'a pran pati sa yo: grès la, ke y'a koupe ra koupyon an, grès ki vlope tripay la,
Hungarian	Azután áldozzék az Úrnak e hálaáldozatból tûzáldozatot: a kövérjét, a farkát egészen, a melyet a hátagerézdi végénél vágjon el, és a belét takaró kövérjét, és minden kövérjét, a mely a belek közt van.
Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari	Untuk kurban perdamaian kepada TUHAN, imam harus mempersembahkan bagian-bagian ini dari domba itu: lemaknya, seluruh ekornya yang berlemak dipotong dekat tulang belakangnya, lemak yang membungkus isi perutnya,
Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama	Maka dari pada korban syukur itu ia akan mempersembahkan kepada Tuhan bahagian yang patut dibakar, yaitu lemaknya dan ekornya sama sekali, yang patut dipotongnya dekat dengan tulang belakang, dan lemak yang menudung isi perutnya dan segala lemak yang ada pada isi perut itu;
Italian	di questo sacrificio di comunione offrir� quale sacrificio consumato dal fuoco per il Signore il grasso e cioè l'intiera coda presso l'estremit� della spina dorsale, il grasso che avvolge le viscere e tutto quello che vi è sopra,
Korean	그 �" 그 �" 목 � � 의 희 생 중 에 서 여 호 와 께 �" � � 를 �"� 릴 지 니 그 기 름 곧 미 � � 골 에 서 벤 �" 기 름 진 꼬 리 와, 내 장 에 덮 힌 기 름 과, 내 장 에 붙 은 모 �" 기 름 과,
Maori	Me tapae ano e ia tetahi wahi o te patunga mo te pai hei whakahere ahi ki a Ihowa; ko tona ngako me te hiawero katoa, kia tino tata ki te tiki tana tapahanga; a ko te ngako e whiwhiwhiwhi ana ki nga whekau, me te ngako katoa o nga whekau,
Modern Greek	Και θελει προσφερει εκ της προσφορας της ειρηνικης θυσιαν γινομενην δια πυρος εις τον Κυριον· το στεαρ αυτου, την ουραν ολοκληρον, την οποιαν θελει αφαιρεσει απο της ραχης και το στεαρ το περικαλυπτον τα εντοσθια και παν το στεαρ το επι των εντοσθιων·
Norwegian	Så skal han av takkofferet bære frem et ildoffer for Herren, og det skal være fettet: hele halen - den skal han skjære av like ved ryggbenet - og fettet som dekker innvollene, og alt det fett som er på innvollene,
Portuguese	Então, do sacrifício de oferta pacífica, fará uma oferta queimada ao Senhor; a gordura da oferta, a cauda gorda inteira, tirá-la-á junto ao espinhaço; e a gordura que cobre a fressura, sim, toda a gordura que está sobre ela,
Rumanian	Din aceastq jertfq de mulyqmire, sq aducq o jertfq mistuitq de foc knaintea Domnului, wi anume: grqsimea, coada kntreagq, pe care o va desface dela osul spinqrii, grqsimea care acopere mqruntaiele wi toatq grqsimea care yine de mqruntaie,
Russian	Й � ХУФШ � ТЙОЕУЕФ ЙЪ НЙТОПК ЦЕТФЧЩ Ч ЦЕТФЧХ зПУ� П�"Х ФХЛ ЕЕ, ЧЕУШ ЛХТ�"АЛ, ПФТЕЪБЧ ЕЗП � П УБНХА ИТЕ�'ФПЧХА ЛПУФШ, Й ФХЛ, � ПЛТЩЧБАЭЙК ЧОХФТЕООПУФЙ, Й ЧЕУШ ФХЛ, ЛПФПТЩК ОБ ЧОХФТЕООПУФСИ,
Spanish	Del sacrificio de paz presentará, como ofrenda quemada a Jehovah, el sebo y toda la rabadilla extraída desde la raíz del espinazo, el sebo que cubre las vísceras y todo el sebo que está sobre las vísceras,
Swedish	Och av tackoffersdjuret skall han såsom eldsoffer åt HERREN offra dess fett, hela svansen, frånskild invid ryggraden, och det fett som omsluter inälvorna, och allt det fett som sitter på inälvorna,
Thai	จากเครื่องบูชาที่ถวายเป็นสันติบูชา คือบูชา�"้วยไฟถวายแ�"่พระเยโฮวาห์ ให้เขาถวายไขมัน หางที่เป็นไขมันทั้งหม�"ตั�"ชิ�"กระ�"ูกสันหลังและไขมันที่หุ้มเครื่องใน กับไขมันที่อยู่ในเครื่องในทั้งหม�"
Ukrainian	І він принесе з мирної жертви огняну жертву для �"оспода, цілого курдюка, якого здійме при хребті, і лій, що закрива�" нутрощі, і ввесь лій, що на нутрощах,
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Derivations
	Words beginning with "backbone": backbones. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Backbone" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: bacbone, Bickmore, blackborne. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "backbone" (pronounced ba"kbō'n)
4	-k b ō' n	cheekbone.
3	-b ō' n	anklebone, collarbone, jawbone, shinbone, wishbone.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-b-b-c-e-k-n-o"
	-2 letters: beacon, beckon.
	-3 letters: bacon, banco, beano, cabob, canoe, kabob, kebab, kebob, nabob, oaken, ocean.
	-4 letters: abbe, acne, aeon, babe, back, bake, bane, bank, beak, bean, beck, bock, bone, bonk, cake, cane, cobb, coke, cone, conk, ebon, kane, kaon, keno, knob, koan, nabe, neck, nock, once.
	-5 letters: abo, ace, ane, ban, ben, boa, bob, cab, can, cob, con, ebb, eon, kab, kae, kea, ken, koa, kob, nab, nae, neb, nob, oak, obe, oca, oka, oke, one.
	Words containing the letters "a-b-b-c-e-k-n-o"
	+1 letter: backbones.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.