Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Astigmatism |
AstigmatismNoun1. (ophthalmology) impaired eyesight resulting usually from irregular conformation of the cornea. 2. (optics) defect in an optical system in which light rays from a single point fail to converge in a single focal point. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "astigmatism" was first used: 1849 by English scientist William Whewell (1794-1866). (references) |
Etymology: Astigmatism \A*stig"ma*tism\, noun. [from Greek expression 'a priv. + prick of pointed instrument, spot, from to prick: compare to the French expression astigmatisme.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definition |
Electrical Engineering | A focus defect in which electrons, in different axial planes, focus at different axial distances. Source: European Union. (references) |
Health | A condition in which the surface of the cornea is not spherical; causes a blurred image to be received at the retina. (references) |
Medicine | A condition of refraction in which rays emanating from a single luminous point are not focused at a single point but instead are focused as two line images at different distances from the system. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Synonym: AstigmatismSynonym: astigmia (n). (additional references) |
| Antonym: stigmatism (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Astigmatism |
| English words defined with "astigmatism": ametropia, anastigmat, anastigmatic, anastigmatic lens ♦ stigmatic. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Astigmatism" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses. Swedish (astigmatism). |
| Domain | Title |
References | |
Books | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit |  | Test for astigmatism / H.E. Homan. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | The first refractive laser systems approved by FDA were excimer lasers for use in PRK to treat myopia and later to treat astigmatism. (references) | |
But as the astigmatism worsens, they must rely on specially fitted contact lenses to reduce the distortion and provide better vision. (references) | ||
More recently, some laser manufacturers have gained FDA approval for laser systems for LASIK to treat myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism and for PRK to treat hyperopia and astigmatism. (references) | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Astigmatism" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Astigmatism" is used about 15 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 15 | 90,616 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expression using "astigmatism": myopic astigmatism. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "astigmatism"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | astigmatizëm. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | اللانقطية, اللابؤرية. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | астимагтизъм. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 非点"差. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | astigmatismus. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | astigmatisme, astigmatism. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | astigmatisme, Ast.. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | astigmatismi. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | astigmatisme, asthmatisme. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | astigmatismus. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | αστιγματισμός (anastigmat). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | szemtengelyferdülés. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | penyakit mata. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | astigmatismo. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 乱視 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | ら"し (burning to death, egg cell, ovule, ovum). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 난시. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | astigmatys. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | astigmatismay astigmatismo. (various references) астигматизм. (various references) astigmatizam. (various references) astigmatismo. (various references) astigmatism. (various references) astigmatizm. (various references) астигматизм. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Greek | 700 BCE-300 CE | a-. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "astigmatism": astigmatisms. (additional references) | |
| |
"Astigmatism" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: astignatism, astimatism. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "astigmatism" (pronounced usti"gmuti'zum) |
| 8 | -g m u t i' z u m | dogmatism, pragmatism. |
| 7 | -m u t i' z u m | rheumatism. |
| 6 | -u t i' z u m | conservatism, corporatism, despotism, diamagnetism, egotism, electromagnetism, ergotism, favoritism, ferromagnetism, helotism, hypnotism, magnetism, nepotism, patriotism, separatism. |
| 5 | -t i' z u m | absolutism, autism, baptism, defeatism, elitism, Irredentism, leftism, pietism, statism, vigilantism. |
| 4 | -i' z u m | abolitionism, absenteeism, activism, adventurism, agrarianism, alcoholism, altruism, amateurism, anachronism, aneurism, animism, antagonism, aphorism, atavism, atheism, authoritarianism, barbarism, bilingualism, bolshevism, boosterism, botulism, cannibalism, capitalism, catechism, centralism, chauvinism, classicism, collectivism, colonialism, commercialism, communism, consumerism, counterterrorism, creationism, criticism, cronyism, cubism, cynicism, dandyism, deism, determinism, diastrophism, dimorphism, Druidism, dualism, dwarfism, dynamism, egalitarianism, egoism, embolism, emotionalism, empiricism, entrepreneurialism, environmentalism, eroticism, escapism, ethnocentrism, euphemism, evangelism, expansionism, expressionism, extremism, factionalism, fanaticism, fascism, fatalism, federalism, feminism, fetishism, feudalism, formalism, fundamentalism, futurism, geotropism, gnosticism, gradualism, hedonism, heroism, hooliganism, humanism, idealism, illusionism, imperialism, impressionism, incrementalism, individualism, intellectualism, internationalism, interventionism, isolationism, isomorphism, jingoism, journalism, legalism, lesbianism, liberalism, lyricism, mannerism, masochism, materialism, mechanism, mercantilism, mesmerism, metabolism, methodism, microorganism, militarism, minimalism, modernism, monasticism, monetarism, monism, monotheism, moralism, multiculturalism, multilateralism, mutualism, mysticism, narcissism, nationalism, nativism, naturalism, negativism, neutralism, nihilism, obstructionism, opportunism, optimism, organism, ostracism, overoptimism, pacifism, paganism, parallelism, parkinsonism, parochialism, pastoralism, paternalism, perfectionism, pessimism, pharisaism, plagiarism, pluralism, polymorphism, polytheism, populism, positivism, professionalism, protectionism, provincialism, puritanism, racialism, racism, radicalism, realism, recidivism, relativism, republicanism, revisionism, romanticism, sadism, satanism, sectarianism, secularism, sensationalism, sexism, skepticism, socialism, stoicism, supernaturalism, surrealism, symbolism, synergism, territorialism, terrorism, theism, tokenism, totalitarianism, tourism, truism, unionism, vandalism, vegetarianism, voluntarism, volunteerism, voyeurism. |
| 3 | -z u m | bosom, careerism, chasm, cytoplasm, enthusiasm, iconoclasm, ism, microcosm, neoplasm, orgasm, phantasm, prism, sarcasm, schism, spasm. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-g-i-i-m-m-s-s-t-t" | |
-2 letters: astigmias. | |
-3 letters: astigmia, imagisms, imagists, mastitis, stigmata. | |
-4 letters: imagism, imagist, miasmas, misaims, stasima, statism, stigmas, tatamis. | |
-5 letters: agisms, agists, amigas, gammas, magmas, maists, miasma, miasms, misaim, saigas, sigmas, staigs, stigma, taigas, tatami. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-g-i-i-m-m-s-s-t-t" | |
+1 letter: astigmatisms. | |
+3 letters: epigrammatists. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Photo Album 6. Quotations: Non-fiction 7. Usage Frequency 8. Expressions | 9. Expressions: Internet 10. Translations: Modern 11. Translations: Ancient 12. Derivations | 13. Rhymes 14. Anagrams 15. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
